Convent: Difference between revisions
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{{Other uses}} | {{Other uses}} | ||
{{Short description|Religious community or the building used by such a community}} | {{Short description|Religious community or the building used by such a community}} | ||
[[File:Agreda - Convento Concepcion 06.JPG|thumb|Convent of the [[Conceptionists]] in [[Ágreda]]]] | [[File:Agreda - Convento Concepcion 06.JPG|thumb|Convent of the [[Conceptionists]] in [[Ágreda]], Spain (Roman Catholic)]] | ||
A '''convent''' is an enclosed community of [[monk]]s, [[nun]]s, [[friar]]s or [[religious sister]]s. Alternatively, ''convent'' means the building used by the community. | [[File:Neuenwalde 2012 by-RaBoe 14.jpg|thumb|[[Neuenwalde Convent]] in Germany belongs to the [[Lutheranism|Evangelical Lutheran]] tradition of Christianity<ref name="Keller2010">{{cite web |last1=Keller |first1=Claudia |title=Besuch im evangelischen Kloster in Walsrode |url=https://chrismon.de/artikel/50835/besuch-im-evangelischen-kloster-walsrode |publisher=Chrismon |access-date=18 October 2025 |language=de |date=4 November 2020}}</ref>]] | ||
A '''convent''' is an enclosed community of [[monk]]s, [[nun]]s, [[friar]]s or [[religious sister]]s. Those residing in a convent are known as ''conventuals''. Alternatively, ''convent'' means the building used by the community. | |||
The term is particularly used in the [[Catholic Church]], [[Lutheranism|Lutheran churches]], and the [[Anglican Communion]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Evangelisti |first1=Silvia |title=Nuns: A History of Convent Life, 1450–1700 |date=2008 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=9780199532056 |pages=38–39 |language=English|quote=Finally, irrespective of religious beliefs, convents remained a possible model for women—Catholic as well as Protestant—to pursue. In Protestant Germany, forms of female religious associative life did not die out, but instead survived in the shape of Protestant convents. These could be governed by a Lutheran abbess, and inhabited by Lutheran nuns in religious habits who claimed membership of a monastic order, paradoxical though this may seem.}}</ref> | The term is particularly used in the [[Catholic Church]], [[Lutheranism|Lutheran churches]], and the [[Anglican Communion]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Evangelisti |first1=Silvia |title=Nuns: A History of Convent Life, 1450–1700 |date=2008 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=9780199532056 |pages=38–39 |language=English|quote=Finally, irrespective of religious beliefs, convents remained a possible model for women—Catholic as well as Protestant—to pursue. In Protestant Germany, forms of female religious associative life did not die out, but instead survived in the shape of Protestant convents. These could be governed by a Lutheran abbess, and inhabited by Lutheran nuns in religious habits who claimed membership of a monastic order, paradoxical though this may seem.}}</ref> | ||
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== History == | == History == | ||
The mendicant orders appeared at the beginning of the 13th century with the growth of cities; they include in particular the [[Dominican Order|Dominicans]], the [[Franciscans]], the [[Carmelites]], and the [[Augustinians]]. While the [[Benedictine]] monks and their various variants devoted themselves to their agricultural properties, the [[mendicant friars]] settled from the start in the cities, or in the suburbs thereof, preferably in the poorer and more densely populated districts. They therefore had to adapt their buildings to these new constraints. | The [[mendicant orders]] appeared at the beginning of the 13th century with the growth of cities; they include in particular the [[Dominican Order|Dominicans]], the [[Franciscans]], the [[Carmelites]], and the [[Augustinians]]. While the [[Benedictine]] monks and their various variants devoted themselves to their agricultural properties, the [[mendicant friars]] settled from the start in the cities, or in the suburbs thereof, preferably in the poorer and more densely populated districts. They therefore had to adapt their buildings to these new constraints. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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*[[Enclosed religious orders]] | *[[Enclosed religious orders]] | ||
*[[Former Carmelite Convent at Nantes]] | *[[Former Carmelite Convent at Nantes]] | ||
*[[Convent of the Cordeliers of Nantes]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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*{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Convent}} | *{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Convent}} | ||
{{RC consecrated life}} | {{RC consecrated life}} | ||
{{Lutheran orders}} | |||
{{Authority control}} | {{Authority control}} | ||
Latest revision as of 21:46, 28 December 2025
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A convent is an enclosed community of monks, nuns, friars or religious sisters. Those residing in a convent are known as conventuals. Alternatively, convent means the building used by the community. The term is particularly used in the Catholic Church, Lutheran churches, and the Anglican Communion.[2]
Etymology and usage
The term convent derives via Old French from Latin conventus, perfect participle of the verb convenio, meaning "to convene, to come together". It was first used in this sense when the eremitical life began to be combined with the cenobitical. The original reference was to the gathering of mendicants who spent much of their time travelling. Technically, a monastery is a secluded community of monastics, whereas a friary or convent is a community of mendicants (which, by contrast, might be located in a city), and a canonry is a community of canons regular. The terms abbey and priory can be applied to both monasteries and canonries; an abbey is headed by an abbot, and a priory is a lesser dependent house headed by a prior. In the Middle Ages, convents often provided to women a way to excel, as they were considered inferior to men.[3] In convents, women were educated and were able to write books and publish works on gardening or musicology[3] or on religion and philosophy. The abbess of a convent was often also involved in decisions of secular life and interacted with politicians and businessmen.[3] Unlike an abbey, a convent is not placed under the responsibility of an abbot or an abbess, but of a superior or prior.
In modern English usage, since about the 19th century, the term convent almost invariably refers to a community of women,[4] while monastery and friary are used for communities of men. In historical usage they are often interchangeable, with convent especially likely to be used for a friary. When applied to religious houses in Eastern Orthodoxy and Buddhism, English refers to all houses of male religious as monasteries and of female religious as convents.
History
The mendicant orders appeared at the beginning of the 13th century with the growth of cities; they include in particular the Dominicans, the Franciscans, the Carmelites, and the Augustinians. While the Benedictine monks and their various variants devoted themselves to their agricultural properties, the mendicant friars settled from the start in the cities, or in the suburbs thereof, preferably in the poorer and more densely populated districts. They therefore had to adapt their buildings to these new constraints.
See also
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- Christian monasticism
- Enclosed religious orders
- Former Carmelite Convent at Nantes
- Convent of the Cordeliers of Nantes
References
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External links
- Template:CathEncy
- Carmelite Monastery of the Sacred Hearts — an example of a modern-day convent
- Template:Cite EB1911
Template:RC consecrated life Template:Lutheran orders Template:Authority control