Foreign Secretary (United Kingdom): Difference between revisions
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The title of [[Secretary of State (England)|secretary of state in the government of England]] dates back to the early 17th century. The position of secretary of state for foreign affairs was created in the [[Constitution of 1782|British governmental reorganisation of 1782]], in which the [[Secretary of State for the Northern Department|Northern Department]] and [[Secretary of State for the Southern Department|Southern Department]] became the [[Foreign Office]] and [[Home Office]] respectively.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Sainty|first=J. C.|url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/office-holders/vol2/pp1-21#h3-0008|title=Office-Holders in Modern Britain: Volume 2 – Officials of the Secretaries of State 1660–1782|via=British History Online|publisher=University of London|year=1973|pages=1–21|language=en|chapter=Introduction|quote=At the Restoration [in 1660] the practice of appointing two Secretaries of State, which was well established before the Civil War, was resumed. Apart from the modifications which were made necessary by the occasional existence of a third secretaryship, the organisation of the secretariat underwent no fundamental change from that time until the reforms of 1782 which resulted in the emergence of the Home and Foreign departments. ... English domestic affairs remained the responsibility of both Secretaries throughout the period. In the field of foreign affairs there was a division into a Northern and a Southern Department, each of which was the responsibility of one Secretary. The distinction between the two departments emerged only gradually. It was not until after 1689 that their names passed into general currency. Nevertheless the division of foreign business itself can, in its broad outlines, be detected in the early years of the reign of Charles II.}}</ref> The [[India Office]] was closed down in 1947. It had been a constituent predecessor department of the Foreign Office, like the [[Colonial Office]] and the [[Dominions Office]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG93149#|title=India Office|publisher=British Museum|access-date=4 February 2022}}</ref> | The title of [[Secretary of State (England)|secretary of state in the government of England]] dates back to the early 17th century. The position of secretary of state for foreign affairs was created in the [[Constitution of 1782|British governmental reorganisation of 1782]], in which the [[Secretary of State for the Northern Department|Northern Department]] and [[Secretary of State for the Southern Department|Southern Department]] became the [[Foreign Office]] and [[Home Office]] respectively.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Sainty|first=J. C.|url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/office-holders/vol2/pp1-21#h3-0008|title=Office-Holders in Modern Britain: Volume 2 – Officials of the Secretaries of State 1660–1782|via=British History Online|publisher=University of London|year=1973|pages=1–21|language=en|chapter=Introduction|quote=At the Restoration [in 1660] the practice of appointing two Secretaries of State, which was well established before the Civil War, was resumed. Apart from the modifications which were made necessary by the occasional existence of a third secretaryship, the organisation of the secretariat underwent no fundamental change from that time until the reforms of 1782 which resulted in the emergence of the Home and Foreign departments. ... English domestic affairs remained the responsibility of both Secretaries throughout the period. In the field of foreign affairs there was a division into a Northern and a Southern Department, each of which was the responsibility of one Secretary. The distinction between the two departments emerged only gradually. It was not until after 1689 that their names passed into general currency. Nevertheless the division of foreign business itself can, in its broad outlines, be detected in the early years of the reign of Charles II.}}</ref> The [[India Office]] was closed down in 1947. It had been a constituent predecessor department of the Foreign Office, like the [[Colonial Office]] and the [[Dominions Office]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG93149#|title=India Office|publisher=British Museum|access-date=4 February 2022}}</ref> | ||
Eventually, the position of secretary of state for foreign and | Eventually, the position of secretary of state for foreign and Commonwealth affairs came into existence in 1968 with the merger of the functions of secretary of state for foreign affairs and the [[Secretary of State for Commonwealth Affairs|secretary of state for Commonwealth affairs]] into a single [[British government departments|department of state]]. [[Margaret Beckett]], [[2006 British cabinet reshuffle|appointed in 2006]] by [[Tony Blair]], was the first woman to hold the post.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.europeanleadershipnetwork.org/person/margaret-beckett/|title= Margaret Beckett|publisher=European Leadership Network|access-date=4 February 2022}}</ref> | ||
The post of secretary of state for foreign, | The post of secretary of state for foreign, Commonwealth and development affairs was created in 2020 when position holder [[Dominic Raab]] absorbed the responsibilities of the [[secretary of state for international development]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm5801/cmselect/cmfaff/809/80902.htm|title=Merging success: Bringing together the FCO and DFID : Government Response to Committee's Second Report|publisher=UK Parliament|access-date=4 February 2022}}</ref> | ||
==List of foreign secretaries== | ==List of foreign secretaries== | ||
| Line 621: | Line 621: | ||
| {{Party shading/Labour}} | [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] | | {{Party shading/Labour}} | [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] | ||
| rowspan=2 {{Party shading/Labour}} | [[Attlee ministry|Attlee<br/>{{Small|(I & II)}}]] | | rowspan=2 {{Party shading/Labour}} | [[Attlee ministry|Attlee<br/>{{Small|(I & II)}}]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background-color: {{Party color|Labour Party (UK)}}" | | ! style="background-color: {{Party color|Labour Party (UK)}}" | | ||
| | | [[File:Herbert Morrison 1947 (cropped).jpg|75px]] | ||
| '''[[Herbert Morrison]]'''<br/>{{Small|MP for [[Lewisham South (UK Parliament constituency)|Lewisham South]]}} | | '''[[Herbert Morrison]]'''<br/>{{Small|MP for [[Lewisham South (UK Parliament constituency)|Lewisham South]]}} | ||
| 9 March 1951 | | 9 March 1951 | ||
| Line 716: | Line 715: | ||
{{Reflist|group=1782}} | {{Reflist|group=1782}} | ||
===Secretaries of state for foreign and | ===Secretaries of state for foreign and Commonwealth affairs (1968–2020)=== | ||
Post created through the merger of the [[Foreign Office]] and the [[Commonwealth Office]]. | Post created through the merger of the [[Foreign Office]] and the [[Commonwealth Office]]. | ||
| Line 813: | Line 812: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background-color: {{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}; border:none" |{{Zwsp}} | ! style="background-color: {{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}; border:none" |{{Zwsp}} | ||
| rowspan=3 | [[File:Douglas | | rowspan=3 | [[File:Douglas HURD, British State Secretary for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, during a plenary session in Strasbourg in july 1992 (cropped).jpg|99x99px]] | ||
| rowspan=3 | '''[[Douglas Hurd]]'''<br/>{{Small|MP for [[Witney (UK Parliament constituency)|Witney]]<br/>(born 1930)}} | | rowspan=3 | '''[[Douglas Hurd]]'''<br/>{{Small|MP for [[Witney (UK Parliament constituency)|Witney]]<br/>(born 1930)}} | ||
| rowspan=3 | 26 October 1989 | | rowspan=3 | 26 October 1989 | ||
| Line 913: | Line 912: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background-color: {{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}; border:none" | | ! style="background-color: {{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}; border:none" | | ||
| rowspan=2 | [[File:Official portrait of | | rowspan=2 | [[File:Official portrait of Rt Hon Dominic Raab MP crop 2.jpg|100x100px]] | ||
| rowspan=2 | '''[[Dominic Raab]]'''<ref name="RaabGuardian">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/live/2019/jul/24/boris-johnson-prepares-to-enter-downing-st-and-name-cabinet-theresa-may-prime-minister-live-news |title=Raab appointed foreign secretary and first secretary of state |author=Andrew Sparrow |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=24 July 2019 |access-date=14 August 2019}}</ref><br/>{{Small|MP for [[Esher and Walton]]<br/>(born 1974)}} | | rowspan=2 | '''[[Dominic Raab]]'''<ref name="RaabGuardian">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/live/2019/jul/24/boris-johnson-prepares-to-enter-downing-st-and-name-cabinet-theresa-may-prime-minister-live-news |title=Raab appointed foreign secretary and first secretary of state |author=Andrew Sparrow |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=24 July 2019 |access-date=14 August 2019}}</ref><br/>{{Small|MP for [[Esher and Walton]]<br/>(born 1974)}} | ||
| rowspan=2 | 24 July 2019 | | rowspan=2 | 24 July 2019 | ||
| Line 924: | Line 923: | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Secretaries of state for foreign, | ===Secretaries of state for foreign, Commonwealth and development affairs (2020–present)=== | ||
Post created through the merger of the [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]] and the [[Department for International Development]]. | Post created through the merger of the [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]] and the [[Department for International Development]]. | ||
| Line 942: | Line 941: | ||
| '''[[Dominic Raab]]'''<br/>{{small|MP for [[Esher and Walton]]<br/>(born 1974)}} | | '''[[Dominic Raab]]'''<br/>{{small|MP for [[Esher and Walton]]<br/>(born 1974)}} | ||
| [[Second Johnson ministry#Changes|2 September 2020]] | | [[Second Johnson ministry#Changes|2 September 2020]] | ||
| 15 September 2021 | |||
| {{Party shading/Conservative (UK)}} | [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] | | {{Party shading/Conservative (UK)}} | [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] | ||
| rowspan=2 {{Party shading/Conservative (UK)}} | [[Second Johnson ministry|Johnson II]] | | rowspan=2 {{Party shading/Conservative (UK)}} | [[Second Johnson ministry|Johnson II]] | ||
| Line 957: | Line 956: | ||
|- style="height:1em" | |- style="height:1em" | ||
! rowspan=3 style="background-color: {{party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}| | ! rowspan=3 style="background-color: {{party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}| | ||
| rowspan=3 | [[File:James Cleverly | | rowspan=3 | [[File:Official portrait of James Cleverly MP crop 2, 2024.jpg|75px]] | ||
| rowspan=3 | '''[[James Cleverly]]'''<br/>{{small|MP for [[Braintree (UK Parliament constituency)|Braintree]]<br/>(born 1969)}} | | rowspan=3 | '''[[James Cleverly]]'''<br/>{{small|MP for [[Braintree (UK Parliament constituency)|Braintree]]<br/>(born 1969)}} | ||
| rowspan=3 | 6 September 2022 | | rowspan=3 | [[Sunak ministry#October 2022 – February 2023|6 September 2022]] | ||
| rowspan=3 | | rowspan=3 | 13 November 2023 | ||
| rowspan=3 {{Party shading/Conservative (UK)}} | [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] | | rowspan=3 {{Party shading/Conservative (UK)}} | [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] | ||
| rowspan=2 {{Party shading/Conservative (UK)}} | [[Truss ministry|Truss]] | | rowspan=2 {{Party shading/Conservative (UK)}} | [[Truss ministry|Truss]] | ||
| Line 972: | Line 971: | ||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}| | ! style="background-color: {{party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}| | ||
| [[File:David Cameron Official Portrait 2023 (cropped).jpg|75px]] | | [[File:David Cameron Official Portrait 2023 (cropped).jpg|75px]] | ||
| rowspan=1 | ''' | | rowspan=1 | [[David Cameron|'''David Cameron'''<br />Baron Cameron of Chipping Norton]]<br />{{Small|(born 1966)}} | ||
| rowspan=1 | [[November 2023 British cabinet reshuffle|13 November 2023]] | | rowspan=1 | [[November 2023 British cabinet reshuffle|13 November 2023]] | ||
| rowspan=1 | 5 July 2024 | | rowspan=1 | 5 July 2024 | ||
| Line 980: | Line 979: | ||
|- style="height:1em" | |- style="height:1em" | ||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Labour Party (UK)}}| | ! style="background-color: {{party color|Labour Party (UK)}}| | ||
| [[File:David Lammy, | | [[File:David Lammy Official Cabinet Portrait, September 2025 (cropped).jpg|75px]] | ||
| rowspan=1 | '''[[David Lammy]]''' <br/>{{small|MP for [[Tottenham (UK Parliament constituency)|Tottenham ]]<br/>(born 1972)}} | | rowspan=1 | '''[[David Lammy]]''' <br/>{{small|MP for [[Tottenham (UK Parliament constituency)|Tottenham ]]<br/>(born 1972)}} | ||
| rowspan=1 | [[Starmer ministry|5 July 2024]] | | rowspan=1 | [[Starmer ministry|5 July 2024]] | ||
| rowspan=1 | | rowspan=1 | 5 September 2025 | ||
| {{Party shading/Labour Party (UK)}} | [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] | | {{Party shading/Labour Party (UK)}} | [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] | ||
| rowspan=2 {{Party shading/Labour Party (UK)}} | [[Starmer ministry|Starmer]] | | rowspan=2 {{Party shading/Labour Party (UK)}} | [[Starmer ministry|Starmer]] | ||
Latest revision as of 20:23, 28 December 2025
Template:Short description Template:Use British English Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Script error: No such module "infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". <templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />Script error: No such module "Sidebar". The secretary of state for foreign, commonwealth and development affairs, commonly known as the foreign secretary, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, with responsibility for the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office.[1] The role is one of the most senior ministers in the UK Government and is a Great Office of State. The incumbent is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom and National Security Council, and reports directly to the prime minister.
The officeholder works alongside the other Foreign Office ministers. The corresponding shadow minister is the shadow foreign secretary. The Foreign Affairs Select Committee also evaluates the secretary of state's performance.[2]
The current foreign secretary is Yvette Cooper. She was appointed by Prime Minister Keir Starmer on 5 September 2025.
Responsibilities
In contrast to what is generally known as a foreign minister in many other countries, the foreign secretary's remit includes:
- British relations with foreign countries and governments[3]
- Promotion of British interests abroad[4]
- Matters pertaining to the Commonwealth of Nations and the Overseas Territories[4]
- Oversight for the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) and the Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ)[5]
Residence
The official residence of the foreign secretary is 1 Carlton Gardens, in London.[6] The foreign secretary also has the use of Chevening House, a country house in Kent, South East England,[7] and works from the Foreign Office in Whitehall.[8]
History
Template:Uk-fco-history The title of secretary of state in the government of England dates back to the early 17th century. The position of secretary of state for foreign affairs was created in the British governmental reorganisation of 1782, in which the Northern Department and Southern Department became the Foreign Office and Home Office respectively.[9] The India Office was closed down in 1947. It had been a constituent predecessor department of the Foreign Office, like the Colonial Office and the Dominions Office.[10]
Eventually, the position of secretary of state for foreign and Commonwealth affairs came into existence in 1968 with the merger of the functions of secretary of state for foreign affairs and the secretary of state for Commonwealth affairs into a single department of state. Margaret Beckett, appointed in 2006 by Tony Blair, was the first woman to hold the post.[11]
The post of secretary of state for foreign, Commonwealth and development affairs was created in 2020 when position holder Dominic Raab absorbed the responsibilities of the secretary of state for international development.[12]
List of foreign secretaries
Secretaries of state for foreign affairs (1782–1968)
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<templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" />
- <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^† Died in office.
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Secretaries of state for foreign and Commonwealth affairs (1968–2020)
Post created through the merger of the Foreign Office and the Commonwealth Office.
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Secretaries of state for foreign, Commonwealth and development affairs (2020–present)
Post created through the merger of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and the Department for International Development.
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Timeline
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from: 1812 till: 1822 color:Tory text:"Robert Stewart" bar:Dudley from: 1827 till: 1828 color:Tory text:"John Ward" bar:Aberdeen from: 1828 till: 1830 color:Tory from: 1841 till: 1846 color:Conservative text:"George Hamilton-Gordon" bar:Palmerston from: 1830 till: 1834 color:Whig from: 1835 till: 1841 color:Whig from: 1846 till: 1851 color:Whig text:"Henry John Temple" bar:Wellington from: 1834 till: 1834 color:Tory from: 1834 till: 1835 color:Conservative text:"Arthur Wellesley" bar:Granville from: 1851 till: 1852 color:Whig from: 1870 till: 1874 color:Liberal from: 1880 till: 1885 color:Liberal text:"Granville Leveson-Gower" bar:Malmesbury from: 1852 till: 1852 color:Conservative from: 1858 till: 1859 color:Conservative text:"James Howard Harris" bar:Russell from: 1852 till: 1853 color:Whig from: 1859 till: 1865 color:Liberal text:"John Russell" bar:Clarendon from: 1853 till: 1858 color:Whig from: 1865 till: 1866 color:Liberal from: 1868 till: 1870 color:Liberal text:"George Villiers" bar:Derby from: 1866 till: 1868 color:Conservative from: 1874 till: 1878 color:Conservative text:"Edward Stanley" bar:Salisbury from: 1878 till: 1880 color:Conservative from: 1885 till: 1886 color:Conservative from: 1887 till: 1892 color:Conservative from: 1895 till: 1900 color:Conservative text:"Robert Gascoyne-Cecil" bar:Rosebery from: 1886 till: 1886 color:Liberal from: 1892 till: 1894 color:Liberal text:"Archibald Primrose" bar:Iddesleigh from: 1886 till: 1887 color:Conservative text:"Stafford Northcote" bar:Kimberley from: 1894 till: 1895 color:Liberal text:"John Wodehouse" bar:Lansdowne from: 1900 till: 1905 color:Libunionist text:"Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice bar:EGrey from: 1905 till: 1916 color:Liberal text:"Edward Grey" bar:Balfour from: 1916 till: 1919 color:Conservative text:"Arthur Balfour" bar:Curzon from: 1919 till: 1924 color:Conservative text:"George Curzon" bar:MacDonald from: 1924 till: 1924 color:Labour text:"Ramsay MacDonald" bar:Chamberlain from: 1924 till: 1929 color:Conservative text:"Austen Chamberlain" bar:Henderson from: 1929 till: 1931 color:Labour text:"Arthur Henderson" bar:Reading from: 1931 till: 1931 color:Liberal text:"Rufus Isaacs" bar:Simon from: 1931 till: 1935 color:Natliberal text:"John Simon" bar:Hoare from: 1935 till: 1935 color:Conservative text:"Samuel Hoare" bar:Eden from: 1935 till: 1938 color:Conservative from: 1940 till: 1945 color:Conservative from: 1951 till: 1955 color:Conservative text:"Anthony Eden" bar:Halifax from: 1938 till: 1940 color:Conservative text:"Edward Wood bar:Bevin from: 1945 till: 1951 color:Labour text:"Ernest Bevin bar:Morrison from: 1951 till: 1951 color:Labour text:"Herbert Morrison" bar:Macmillan from: 1955 till: 1955 color:Conservative text:"Harold Macmillan" bar:Lloyd from: 1955 till: 1960 color:Conservative text:"Selwyn Lloyd" bar:Douglas-Home from: 1960 till: 1963 color:Conservative from: 1970 till: 1974 color:Conservative text:"Alec Douglas-Home" bar:RAB from: 1963 till: 1964 color:Conservative text:"Rab Butler" bar:Gordon-Walker from: 1964 till: 1965 color:Labour text:"Patrick Gordon Walker" bar:Stewart from: 1965 till: 1966 color:Labour from: 1968 till: 1970 color:Labour text:"Michael Stewart" bar:Brown from: 1966 till: 1968 color:Labour text:"George Brown" bar:Callaghan from: 1974 till: 1976 color:Labour text:"James Callaghan" bar:Crosland from: 1976 till: 1977 color:Labour text:"Anthony Crosland" bar:Owen from: 1977 till: 1979 color:Labour text:"David Owen" bar:Carrington from: 1979 till: 1982 color:Conservative text:"Peter Carington" bar:Pym from: 1982 till: 1983 color:Conservative text:"Francis Pym" bar:Howe from: 1983 till: 1989 color:Conservative text:"Geoffrey Howe" bar:Major from: 1989 till: 1989 color:Conservative text:"John Major" bar:Hurd from: 1989 till: 1995 color:Conservative text:"Douglas Hurd" bar:Rifkind from: 1995 till: 1997 color:Conservative text:"Malcolm Rifkind" bar:Cook from: 1997 till: 2001 color:Labour text:"Robin Cook" bar:Straw from: 2001 till: 2006 color:Labour text:"Jack Straw" bar:Backett from: 2006 till: 2007 color:Labour text:"Margaret Beckett" bar:Milliband from: 2007 till: 2010 color:Labour text:"David Miliband" bar:Hague from: 2010 till: 2014 color:Conservative text:"William Hague" bar:Hammond from: 2014 till: 2016 color:Conservative text:"Philip Hammond" bar:Johnson from: 2016 till: 2018 color:Conservative text:"Boris Johnson" bar:Hunt from: 2018 till: 2019 color:Conservative text:"Jeremy Hunt" bar:Raab from: 2019 till: 2021 color:Conservative text:"Dominic Raab" bar:Truss from: 2021 till: 2022 color:Conservative text:"Liz Truss" bar:Cleverly from: 2022 till: 2023 color:Conservative text:"James Cleverly" bar:Cameron from: 2023 till: 2024 color:Conservative text:"David Cameron" bar:Lammy from: 2024 till: 2025 color:Labour text:"David Lammy" bar:Cooper from: 2025 till: $Now color:Labour text:"Yvette Cooper"
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See also
- Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs
- Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
- Secretary of State for Commonwealth Affairs
- Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations
- Secretary of State for the Colonies
- Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs
- Ministry of foreign affairs
- Great Offices of State
References
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Further reading
- Cecil, Algernon. British foreign secretaries, 1807–1916: studies in personality and policy (1927). pp. 89–130. online
- Goodman, Sam. The Imperial Premiership: The Role of the Modern Prime Minister in Foreign Policy Making, 1964–2015 (Oxford UP, 2016).
- Hughes, Michael. British Foreign Secretaries in an Uncertain World, 1919–1939. (Routledge, 2004).
- Johnson, Gaynor. "Introduction: The Foreign Office and British Diplomacy in the Twentieth Century", Contemporary British History, (2004) 18:3, 1–12, Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".
- Neilson, Keith, and Thomas G. Otte. The permanent under-secretary for foreign affairs, 1854–1946 (Routledge, 2008).
- Otte, Thomas G. The Foreign Office Mind: The Making of British Foreign Policy, 1865–1914 (Cambridge UP, 2011).
- Seldon, Anthony. The Impossible Office? The History of the British Prime Minister (2021) excerpt major scholarly history. Covers the relations with Prime Minister in Chapter 8.
- Steiner, Zara. The Foreign Office and Foreign Policy, 1898–1914 (1986).
- Temperley, Harold. "British Secret Diplomacy from Canning to Grey." Cambridge Historical Journal 6.1 (1938): 1–32.
- Theakston, Kevin, ed. British foreign secretaries since 1974 (Routledge, 2004).
- Wilson, Keith M., ed. British foreign secretaries and foreign policy: from Crimean War to First World War (1987).
External links
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Categories:
- Pages with script errors
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- Foreign ministers of the United Kingdom
- 1782 establishments in Great Britain
- 1968 establishments in the United Kingdom
- Foreign relations of the United Kingdom
- Ministerial offices in the United Kingdom
- Lists of government ministers of the United Kingdom
- Lists of ministers of foreign affairs