Marie Alfred Cornu: Difference between revisions
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Cornu was born at [[Orléans]] to François Cornu and Sophie Poinsellier.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers |last=Hockey |first=Thomas |year=2009 |publisher=[[Springer Publishing]] |isbn=978-0-387-31022-0 |accessdate=August 22, 2012 |url=http://www.springerreference.com/docs/html/chapterdbid/58308.html}}</ref> He was educated at the [[École polytechnique]] and the [[École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris|École des mines]]. Upon the death of [[Émile Verdet]] in 1866, Cornu became, in 1867, Verdet's successor as [[professor]] of [[experiment]]al physics at the École polytechnique, where he remained throughout his life. | Cornu was born at [[Orléans]] to François Cornu and Sophie Poinsellier.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers |last=Hockey |first=Thomas |year=2009 |publisher=[[Springer Publishing]] |isbn=978-0-387-31022-0 |accessdate=August 22, 2012 |url=http://www.springerreference.com/docs/html/chapterdbid/58308.html}}</ref> He was educated at the [[École polytechnique]] and the [[École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris|École des mines]]. Upon the death of [[Émile Verdet]] in 1866, Cornu became, in 1867, Verdet's successor as [[professor]] of [[experiment]]al physics at the École polytechnique, where he remained throughout his life. | ||
Although he made various excursions into other branches of physical science, undertaking, for example, with [[Baptistin Baille|Jean-Baptistin Baille]] about 1870 a repetition of [[Henry Cavendish|Cavendish]]'s experiment for determining the [[gravitational constant]] ''G'', his original work was mainly concerned with [[optics]] and [[spectroscopy]]. In particular he carried out a replication of [[Hippolyte Fizeau]]'s method to measure the [[speed of light]] (see [[Fizeau's measurement of the speed of light in air]]), introducing various improvements in the apparatus, which added greatly to the accuracy of the results. This achievement won for him, in 1878, the ''prix Lacaze'' and membership of the [[French Academy of Sciences]] (''l'Académie des sciences''), and the [[Rumford Medal]] of the [[Royal Society]] in [[England]]. In 1892, he was elected a member of the [[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]]. In 1896, he became president of the French Academy of Sciences. Cornu was the President of the [[Société astronomique de France|Société Astronomique de France]] (SAF), the French astronomical society, from 1897-1899.<ref name="BSAF1911">[http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9626551q/f616.item ''Bulletin de la Société astronomique de France'', 1911, vol. 25, pp. 581-586]</ref> In 1899, at the jubilee commemoration of Sir [[Sir George Stokes, 1st Baronet|George Stokes]], he was [[Rede Lecture|Rede lecturer]] at [[Cambridge]], his subject being the wave theory of [[light]] and its influence on modern physics; and on that occasion the [[honorary degree]] of [[D.Sc.]] was conferred on him by the university. He died at [[Romorantin-Lanthenay|Romorantin]] on 12 April 1902.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} | Although he made various excursions into other branches of physical science, undertaking, for example, with [[Baptistin Baille|Jean-Baptistin Baille]] about 1870 a repetition of [[Henry Cavendish|Cavendish]]'s experiment for determining the [[gravitational constant]] ''G'', his original work was mainly concerned with [[optics]] and [[spectroscopy]]. In particular he carried out a replication of [[Hippolyte Fizeau]]'s method to measure the [[speed of light]] (see [[Fizeau's measurement of the speed of light in air]]), introducing various improvements in the apparatus, which added greatly to the accuracy of the results. This achievement won for him, in 1878, the ''prix Lacaze'' and membership of the [[French Academy of Sciences]] (''l'Académie des sciences''), and the [[Rumford Medal]] of the [[Royal Society]] in [[England]]. | ||
He was awarded honorary membership of the [[Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society]] in 1887.<ref>Memoirs and proceedings of the Manchester Literary & Philosophical Society FOURTH SERIES Eighth VOLUME 1894 </ref> | |||
In 1892, he was elected a member of the [[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]]. In 1896, he became president of the French Academy of Sciences. Cornu was the President of the [[Société astronomique de France|Société Astronomique de France]] (SAF), the French astronomical society, from 1897-1899.<ref name="BSAF1911">[http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9626551q/f616.item ''Bulletin de la Société astronomique de France'', 1911, vol. 25, pp. 581-586]</ref> In 1899, at the jubilee commemoration of Sir [[Sir George Stokes, 1st Baronet|George Stokes]], he was [[Rede Lecture|Rede lecturer]] at [[Cambridge]], his subject being the wave theory of [[light]] and its influence on modern physics; and on that occasion the [[honorary degree]] of [[D.Sc.]] was conferred on him by the university. He died at [[Romorantin-Lanthenay|Romorantin]] on 12 April 1902.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} | |||
In 1900, he organized the first [[International Congress of Physics]] in Paris, during the [[Exposition Universelle (1900)|Exposition Universelle]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Staley |first=Richard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6J5_iXvkD6EC&dq=%22International+Congress+of+Physics%22&pg=PA166 |title=Einstein's Generation: The Origins of the Relativity Revolution |date=2008 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-77057-4 |language=en}}</ref> | In 1900, he organized the first [[International Congress of Physics]] in Paris, during the [[Exposition Universelle (1900)|Exposition Universelle]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Staley |first=Richard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6J5_iXvkD6EC&dq=%22International+Congress+of+Physics%22&pg=PA166 |title=Einstein's Generation: The Origins of the Relativity Revolution |date=2008 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-77057-4 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
Cornu developed the theory of varied line-space [[Diffraction grating|diffraction gratings]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hettrick |first=Michael C. |editor-first1=Dale M |editor-first2=James E |editor-last1=Byrne |editor-last2=Harvey |date=1986 |title=Varied Line-Space Gratings: Past, Present And Future |journal=Diffraction Phenomena in Optical Engineering Applications |publisher=SPIE |volume=0560 |pages=96–108 |doi=10.1117/12.949620|bibcode=1986SPIE..560...96H |s2cid=52204691 |url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1109862/ }}</ref> | Cornu developed the theory of varied line-space [[Diffraction grating|diffraction gratings]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hettrick |first=Michael C. |editor-first1=Dale M |editor-first2=James E |editor-last1=Byrne |editor-last2=Harvey |date=1986 |title=Varied Line-Space Gratings: Past, Present And Future |journal=Diffraction Phenomena in Optical Engineering Applications |publisher=SPIE |volume=0560 |pages=96–108 |doi=10.1117/12.949620|bibcode=1986SPIE..560...96H |s2cid=52204691 |url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1109862/ |url-access=subscription }}</ref> | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
Latest revision as of 08:43, 25 August 2025
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Template wrapper".Script error: No such module "Check for clobbered parameters". Marie Alfred Cornu (Script error: No such module "IPA".; 6 March 1841 – 12 April 1902) was a French physicist and professor of École polytechnique. The French generally refer to him as Alfred Cornu. The Cornu spiral, a graphical device for the computation of light intensities in Fresnel's model of near-field diffraction, is named after him. The spiral (or clothoid) is also used in geometric design of roads. The Cornu depolarizer is also named after him.
Life
Cornu was born at Orléans to François Cornu and Sophie Poinsellier.[1] He was educated at the École polytechnique and the École des mines. Upon the death of Émile Verdet in 1866, Cornu became, in 1867, Verdet's successor as professor of experimental physics at the École polytechnique, where he remained throughout his life.
Although he made various excursions into other branches of physical science, undertaking, for example, with Jean-Baptistin Baille about 1870 a repetition of Cavendish's experiment for determining the gravitational constant G, his original work was mainly concerned with optics and spectroscopy. In particular he carried out a replication of Hippolyte Fizeau's method to measure the speed of light (see Fizeau's measurement of the speed of light in air), introducing various improvements in the apparatus, which added greatly to the accuracy of the results. This achievement won for him, in 1878, the prix Lacaze and membership of the French Academy of Sciences (l'Académie des sciences), and the Rumford Medal of the Royal Society in England. He was awarded honorary membership of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society in 1887.[2]
In 1892, he was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. In 1896, he became president of the French Academy of Sciences. Cornu was the President of the Société Astronomique de France (SAF), the French astronomical society, from 1897-1899.[3] In 1899, at the jubilee commemoration of Sir George Stokes, he was Rede lecturer at Cambridge, his subject being the wave theory of light and its influence on modern physics; and on that occasion the honorary degree of D.Sc. was conferred on him by the university. He died at Romorantin on 12 April 1902.Template:Sfn
In 1900, he organized the first International Congress of Physics in Paris, during the Exposition Universelle.[4]
Cornu developed the theory of varied line-space diffraction gratings.[5]
References
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Memoirs and proceedings of the Manchester Literary & Philosophical Society FOURTH SERIES Eighth VOLUME 1894
- ↑ Bulletin de la Société astronomique de France, 1911, vol. 25, pp. 581-586
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- Attribution