Microgram: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
imported>Edward Bednar
m MOS:PREFIXDASH
 
imported>Mgp28
m typo
 
Line 9: Line 9:
| symbol      = μg
| symbol      = μg
}}
}}
In the [[metric system]], a '''microgram''' or '''microgramme''' is a [[Physical unit|unit]] of [[mass]] equal to one millionth ({{val|1|e=-6}}) of a [[gram]]. The unit symbol is '''μg''' according to the [[International System of Units]] (SI); the recommended symbol in the United States and United Kingdom when communicating medical information is '''mcg'''. In μg, the prefix symbol for [[micro-]] is the Greek letter [[Mu (letter)|μ (mu)]].
In the [[metric system]], a '''microgram''' or '''microgramme''' is a [[Physical unit|unit]] of [[mass]] equal to one millionth ({{val|1|e=-6}}) of a [[gram]]. Two different abbreviations are commonly used. The [[International System of Units]] (SI) uses '''μg''', where the [[Metric prefix|SI prefix]] "[[micro-]]" is represented by the Greek letter [[Mu (letter)|μ]] (mu). The abbreviation '''mcg''' is preferred for medical information in the United States (US), but prescription writing guidance in the United Kingdom advises that "microgram" should not be abbreviated.<ref>{{cite web |title=Prescription writing |url=https://bnf.nice.org.uk/medicines-guidance/prescription-writing/ |website=BNF |publisher=National Institute for Health and Care Excellence |access-date=9 November 2025}}</ref> A third abbreviation, the Greek letter '''[[γ]]''' (gamma), is no longer recommended.<ref>[https://www.nist.gov/pml/weights-and-measures/publications/nist-handbooks/handbook-133 NIST Handbook 133 - 2018], [https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2017/04/28/12-apde-gentab-11-hb133-final.pdf#page=17 Appendix E. General Tables of Units of Measurement, page 159 (17)]</ref>
The US [[Institute for Safe Medication Practices]] (ISMP) and the US [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) recommend that mcg should be used, rather than μg, when communicating medical information.<ref>{{cite web |title=ISMP's List of Error-Prone Abbreviations, Symbols, and Dose Designations |url=https://www.ismp.org/recommendations/error-prone-abbreviations-list |access-date=2018-03-28 |publisher=ISMP}}</ref> This is due to the risk that [[micro-|μ]] might be misread as [[milli-|m]], for "[[milli-]]", which is equal to one thousandth ({{val|1|e=-3}}). Such a misreading could result in a thousandfold [[Drug overdose|overdose]] of a drug or medicine. However, mcg is also the symbol for the obsolete unit millicentigram, derived from the [[CGS|centimetre–gram–second system of units]] and equal to 10&nbsp;μg.


==Abbreviation and symbol confusion==
== Typography ==
When the Greek lowercase "μ" (mu) is typographically unavailable, it is occasionally – although not properly {{Citation needed|reason=Considered "not properly" by whom?|date=September 2024}} – replaced by the Latin lowercase "u".
Usually, a sequence of the [[Unicode]] code point {{unichar|03BC|}} followed by the Latin letter {{unichar|0067|}} should be used. However, if μ is not available it [[Micro-#Symbol encoding in character sets|may be represented]] with {{unichar|0075}} or the legacy Unicode symbol {{unichar|00B5|Square Mu G}}. In [[CJK characters|Chinese, Japanese and Korean]] writing a [[fullwidth]] version {{unichar|338D|Square Mu G}} should be used.<ref name="Unicode-U3300">{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U3300.pdf |access-date=May 24, 2019 |title=The Unicode Standard 12.0 – CJK Compatibility ❰ Range: 3300—33FF ❱ |author=Unicode Consortium |author-link=Unicode Consortium |date=2019 |website=Unicode.org}}</ref>
 
The United States–based [[Institute for Safe Medication Practices]] (ISMP) and the U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) recommend that the symbol μg should not be used when communicating medical information due to the risk that the prefix [[micro-|μ (micro-)]] might be misread as the prefix [[milli-|m (milli-)]], resulting in a thousandfold overdose. The ISMP recommends the non-[[International System of Units|SI]] symbol '''mcg''' instead.<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.ismp.org/recommendations/error-prone-abbreviations-list
|title=ISMP's List of Error-Prone Abbreviations, Symbols, and Dose Designations
|access-date=2018-03-28
|publisher=ISMP}}</ref> However, the abbreviation mcg is also the symbol for an obsolete [[CGS|centimetre–gram–second system of units]] unit of measure known as millicentigram, which is equal to 10&nbsp;μg.
 
Gamma (symbol: [[γ]]) is a deprecated non-SI unit of [[mass]] equal to 1 μg.<ref>[https://www.nist.gov/pml/weights-and-measures/publications/nist-handbooks/handbook-133 NIST Handbook 133 - 2018], [https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2017/04/28/12-apde-gentab-11-hb133-final.pdf#page=17 Appendix E. General Tables of Units of Measurement, page 159 (17)]</ref>
 
A [[fullwidth]] version of the "microgram" symbol is encoded by [[Unicode]] at code point {{unichar|338D|Square Mu G}} for use in [[CJK characters|CJK]] contexts.<ref name="Unicode-U3300">{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U3300.pdf |access-date=May 24, 2019 |title=The Unicode Standard 12.0 – CJK Compatibility ❰ Range: 3300—33FF ❱ |author=Unicode Consortium |author-link=Unicode Consortium |date=2019 |website=Unicode.org}}</ref> In other contexts, a sequence of the Greek letter [[Mu (letter)|mu]] (U+03BC) and Latin letter g (U+0067) should be used.


==See also==
==See also==
{{wiktionary|microgram|μg|mcg}}
{{wiktionary|microgram|μg|mcg}}
* [[Metric prefix#List of SI prefixes|List of SI prefixes]]
* [[Metric prefix#List of SI prefixes|List of SI prefixes]]
* [[Orders of magnitude (mass)#10−12 to 10−6 kg|Orders of magnitude (mass)]], listing a few items that have a mass of around 1 μg.
* [[Orders of magnitude (mass)#10−12 to 10−6 kg|Orders of magnitude (mass)]], listing a few items that have a mass of around 1&nbsp;μg.


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 17:38, 9 November 2025

Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Hatnote". Template:Infobox unit In the metric system, a microgram or microgramme is a unit of mass equal to one millionth (Script error: No such module "val".) of a gram. Two different abbreviations are commonly used. The International System of Units (SI) uses μg, where the SI prefix "micro-" is represented by the Greek letter μ (mu). The abbreviation mcg is preferred for medical information in the United States (US), but prescription writing guidance in the United Kingdom advises that "microgram" should not be abbreviated.[1] A third abbreviation, the Greek letter γ (gamma), is no longer recommended.[2] The US Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommend that mcg should be used, rather than μg, when communicating medical information.[3] This is due to the risk that μ might be misread as m, for "milli-", which is equal to one thousandth (Script error: No such module "val".). Such a misreading could result in a thousandfold overdose of a drug or medicine. However, mcg is also the symbol for the obsolete unit millicentigram, derived from the centimetre–gram–second system of units and equal to 10 μg.

Typography

Usually, a sequence of the Unicode code point Template:Unichar followed by the Latin letter Template:Unichar should be used. However, if μ is not available it may be represented with Template:Unichar or the legacy Unicode symbol Template:Unichar. In Chinese, Japanese and Korean writing a fullwidth version Template:Unichar should be used.[4]

See also

Template:Sister project

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. NIST Handbook 133 - 2018, Appendix E. General Tables of Units of Measurement, page 159 (17)
  3. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".