Marlin: Difference between revisions

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===Fossil genera===
===Fossil genera===
Marlins have a continuous fossil record from the Miocene onwards, with the oldest uncontroversial fossil dated to 22 million years ago.<ref>{{cite journal |last1= De Gracia |first1= C. |last2= Berning |first2= B. |last3 = Kriwet |first3= J. |date= March 2023 |title= The origin of modern marlins (Teleostei: Istiophoridae): new fossil evidence from the Lower Miocene of Austria |journal= Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume= 43 |issue= 2 |pages= e2281490|doi= 10.1080/02724634.2023.2281490|doi-access= free }}</ref> It is thought that they probably evolved in the [[Paratethys]] Sea.<ref>{{cite journal |last1= Fierstine |first1= H.L. |date= 2006 |title= Fossil history of billfishes (Xiphioidei) |journal= Bulletin of Marine Science |volume= 79 |issue= 3 |pages= 433–453 |url= https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/umrsmas/bullmar/2006/00000079/00000003/art00002 |access-date= 30 April 2024}}</ref>
Marlins have a continuous fossil record from the Miocene onwards, with the oldest uncontroversial fossil dated to 22 million years ago.<ref>{{cite journal |last1= De Gracia |first1= C. |last2= Berning |first2= B. |last3 = Kriwet |first3= J. |date= March 2023 |title= The origin of modern marlins (Teleostei: Istiophoridae): new fossil evidence from the Lower Miocene of Austria |journal= Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume= 43 |issue= 2 |article-number= e2281490|doi= 10.1080/02724634.2023.2281490|doi-access= free }}</ref> It is thought that they probably evolved in the [[Paratethys]] Sea.<ref>{{cite journal |last1= Fierstine |first1= H.L. |date= 2006 |title= Fossil history of billfishes (Xiphioidei) |journal= Bulletin of Marine Science |volume= 79 |issue= 3 |pages= 433–453 |url= https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/umrsmas/bullmar/2006/00000079/00000003/art00002 |access-date= 30 April 2024}}</ref>


The following fossil genera are known:<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=De Gracia |first1=Carlos |last2=Correa-Metrio |first2=Alex |last3=Carvalho |first3=Mónica |last4=Velez-Juarbe |first4=Jorge |last5=Přikryl |first5=Tomáš |last6=Jaramillo |first6=Carlos |last7=Kriwet |first7=Jürgen |date=2022-12-31 |title=Towards a unifying systematic scheme of fossil and living billfishes (Teleostei, Istiophoridae) |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14772019.2022.2091959 |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |language=en |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=1–36 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2022.2091959 |bibcode=2022JSPal..20....1D |issn=1477-2019|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=De Gracia |first1=Carlos |last2=Villalobos-Segura |first2=Eduardo |last3=Ballen |first3=Gustavo A. |last4=Carnevale |first4=Giorgio |last5=Kriwet |first5=Jürgen |date=2024 |title=Phylogenetic patterns in fossil and living billfishes (Istiophoriformes, Istiophoridae): evidence from the Central Mediterranean |journal=Papers in Palaeontology |language=en |volume=10 |issue=4 |doi=10.1002/spp2.1559 |issn=2056-2799|doi-access=free |bibcode=2024PPal...10E1559D }}</ref>
The following fossil genera are known:<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=De Gracia |first1=Carlos |last2=Correa-Metrio |first2=Alex |last3=Carvalho |first3=Mónica |last4=Velez-Juarbe |first4=Jorge |last5=Přikryl |first5=Tomáš |last6=Jaramillo |first6=Carlos |last7=Kriwet |first7=Jürgen |date=2022-12-31 |title=Towards a unifying systematic scheme of fossil and living billfishes (Teleostei, Istiophoridae) |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14772019.2022.2091959 |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |language=en |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=1–36 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2022.2091959 |bibcode=2022JSPal..20....1D |issn=1477-2019|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=De Gracia |first1=Carlos |last2=Villalobos-Segura |first2=Eduardo |last3=Ballen |first3=Gustavo A. |last4=Carnevale |first4=Giorgio |last5=Kriwet |first5=Jürgen |date=2024 |title=Phylogenetic patterns in fossil and living billfishes (Istiophoriformes, Istiophoridae): evidence from the Central Mediterranean |journal=Papers in Palaeontology |language=en |volume=10 |issue=4 |doi=10.1002/spp2.1559 |issn=2056-2799|doi-access=free |bibcode=2024PPal...10E1559D }}</ref>
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==Popular culture==
==Popular culture==
[[File:Welcome to Dare County marlin - Stierch.jpg|thumbnail|A [[taxidermy|taxidermied]] marlin greets visitors to [[Dare County, North Carolina]].]]
[[File:Welcome to Dare County marlin - Stierch.jpg|thumbnail|A [[taxidermy|taxidermied]] marlin greets visitors to [[Dare County, North Carolina]].]]
In the [[Nobel Prize]]-winning author [[Ernest Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway's]] 1952 novel ''[[The Old Man and the Sea]]'', the central character of the work is an aged Cuban fisherman who, after 84 days without success on the water, heads out to sea to break his run of bad luck. On the 85th day, Santiago, the old fisherman, hooks a resolute marlin; what follows is a great struggle between man, sea creature, and the elements.
In the [[Nobel Prize]]–winning author [[Ernest Hemingway]]'s 1952 novel ''[[The Old Man and the Sea]]'', the central character of the work is an aged Cuban fisherman who, after 84 days without success on the water, heads out to sea to break his run of bad luck. On the 85th day, Santiago, the old fisherman, hooks a resolute marlin; what follows is a great struggle between man, sea creature, and the elements.


[[Frederick Forsyth]]'s story "The Emperor", in the collection ''[[No Comebacks]]'', tells of a bank manager named Murgatroyd, who catches a marlin and is acknowledged by the islanders of [[Mauritius]] as a master fisherman.
[[Frederick Forsyth]]'s story "The Emperor", in the collection ''[[No Comebacks]]'', tells of a bank manager named Murgatroyd, who catches a marlin and is acknowledged by the islanders of [[Mauritius]] as a master fisherman.
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The [[Miami Marlins]], a professional baseball team based in Miami, Florida, is named after the fish.
The [[Miami Marlins]], a professional baseball team based in Miami, Florida, is named after the fish.


In  ''[[Finding Nemo]]'', Nemo’s father’s name is Marlin.
In  ''[[Finding Nemo]]'', Nemo's father's name is Marlin.


==See also==
==See also==
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==Further reading==
==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite journal |last=Sepkoski |first=Jack |year=2002 |title=A compendium of fossil marine animal genera |journal=[[Bulletins of American Paleontology]] |volume=364 |page=560 |url=http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=611&rank=class |access-date=2011-05-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723131237/http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=611&rank=class |archive-date=2011-07-23 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Sepkoski |first=Jack |year=2002 |title=A compendium of fossil marine animal genera |journal=[[Bulletins of American Paleontology]] |volume=364 |page=560 |url=http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=611&rank=class |access-date=2011-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723131237/http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=611&rank=class |archive-date=2011-07-23 }}
* {{FishBase family|family=Istiophoridae|year=2005|month=November}}
* {{FishBase family|family=Istiophoridae|year=2005|month=November}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}

Latest revision as of 22:05, 29 September 2025

Template:Short description Script error: No such module "other uses". Template:Automatic taxobox

Marlins are fish from the family Istiophoridae, which includes between 9 and 11 species, depending on the taxonomic authority.

Name

The family's common name is thought to derive from their resemblance to a sailor's marlinspike.[1]

Taxonomy

The family name Istiophoridae comes from the genus Istiophorus which first placed the species Istiophorus platypterus by George Kearsley Shaw in 1792 from the Greek word Script error: No such module "Lang". istion meaning "sail" that describes the shape of the species's dorsal fins.[2]Template:Rp

Family description

Marlins have elongated bodies, a spear-like snout or bill, and a long, rigid dorsal fin which extends forward to form a crest.

Marlins, an apex predator, are among the fastest marine swimmers. However, greatly exaggerated speeds are often claimed in popular literature, based on unreliable or outdated reports.[3]

The larger species include the Atlantic blue marlin, Makaira nigricans, which can reach Template:Convert in length and Template:Convert in weight[4] and the black marlin, Istiompax indica, which can reach in excess of Template:Convert in length and Template:Convert in weight. They are popular sporting fish in tropical areas. The Atlantic blue marlin and the white marlin are endangered due to overfishing.[5]

Marlins can change colour, lighting up their stripes just before attacking prey.[6]

Classification

The marlins are Istiophoriform fish, most closely related to the swordfish (which itself is the sole member of the family Xiphiidae). The carangiformes are believed to be the second-closest clade to marlins. Although previously thought to be closely related to Scombridae, genetic analysis only shows a slight relationship.

Extant genera

  1. REDIRECT Template:Large
Template:Redirect category shell
Image Genus Living species Common name
File:Maind u0 cropped.png
black marlin
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 Istiompax
(Whitley, 1931)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 Istiompax indica black marlin
File:Sailfish (Duane Raver).png
Atlantic sailfish
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 Istiophorus
(Lacépède, 1801)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 I. albicans Atlantic sailfish
I. platypterus Indo-Pacific sailfish
File:Blue marlin (Duane Raver).png
Atlantic blue
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 Makaira
(Lacépède, 1802)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 Makaira nigricans
(Lacepède, 1802)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 Atlantic blue marlin
Makaira mazara
(Jordan & Snyder, 1901)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 Indo-Pacific blue marlin
File:White marlin (Duane Raver).png
white marlin
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 Kajikia
(Hirasaka & H. Nakamura, 1947)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 Kajikia albida
(Poey, 1860)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 white marlin
Kajikia audax
Template:Nobr		 striped marlin
File:Longbill spearfish (Duane Raver).png
longbill
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 Tetrapturus
(Rafinesque, 1810)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 Tetrapturus angustirostris
(S. Tanaka (I), 1915)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 shortbill spearfish
Tetrapturus belone
(Rafinesque, 1810)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 Mediterranean spearfish
Tetrapturus georgii
(R.T. Lowe, 1841)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 roundscale spearfish
Tetrapturus pfluegeri
(C. R. Robins & de Sylva, 1963)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 longbill spearfish

Fossil genera

Marlins have a continuous fossil record from the Miocene onwards, with the oldest uncontroversial fossil dated to 22 million years ago.[7] It is thought that they probably evolved in the Paratethys Sea.[8]

The following fossil genera are known:[9][10]

<timeline> ImageSize = width:1000px height:auto barincrement:15px PlotArea = left:10px bottom:50px top:10px right:10px

Period = from:-65.5 till:10 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:-65.5 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:-65.5 TimeAxis = orientation:hor AlignBars = justify

Colors = 

#legends
 id:CAR   value:claret
 id:ANK   value:rgb(0.4,0.3,0.196)
 id:HER   value:teal
 id:HAD   value:green
 id:OMN   value:blue
 id:black        value:black
 id:white        value:white
 id:cenozoic     value:rgb(0.54,0.54,0.258)
 id:paleogene     value:rgb(0.99,0.6,0.32)
 id:paleocene     value:rgb(0.99,0.65,0.37)
 id:eocene     value:rgb(0.99,0.71,0.42)
 id:oligocene     value:rgb(0.99,0.75,0.48)
 id:neogene     value:rgb(0.999999,0.9,0.1)
 id:miocene     value:rgb(0.999999,0.999999,0)
 id:pliocene     value:rgb(0.97,0.98,0.68)
 id:quaternary   value:rgb(0.98,0.98,0.5)
 id:pleistocene   value:rgb(0.999999,0.95,0.68)
 id:holocene   value:rgb(0.999,0.95,0.88)

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bar:eratop
bar:space
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bar:NAM1
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bar:NAM4

bar:space
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bar:era

PlotData= 

align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25
shift:(7,-4)

bar:periodtop
from: -65.5   till:  -55.8    color:paleocene  text:Paleocene
from: -55.8   till:  -33.9    color:eocene  text:Eocene
from: -33.9   till:  -23.03    color:oligocene  text:Oligocene
from: -23.03    till: -5.332    color:miocene    text:Miocene
from: -5.332    till: -2.588    color:pliocene    text:Plio.
from: -2.588    till: -0.0117   color:pleistocene    text:Pleist.
from: -0.0117    till: 0    color:holocene    text:H.

bar:eratop
from: -65.5   till:  -23.03    color:paleogene  text:Paleogene
from: -23.03    till: -2.588    color:neogene    text:Neogene
from: -2.588    till: 0   color:quaternary    text:Q.

PlotData= 

align:left fontsize:M mark:(line,white) width:5 anchor:till align:left

color:eocene bar:NAM1  from: -55.8 till: 0 text: Pseudohistiophorus
color:miocene bar:NAM2  from: -23.03 till: 0 text: Tetrapterus
color:miocene bar:NAM3  from: -15.97 till: 0 text: Istiophorus
color:miocene bar:NAM4  from: -11.608 till: 0 text: Makaira

PlotData= 

align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25

bar:period
from: -65.5   till:  -55.8    color:paleocene  text:Paleocene
from: -55.8   till:  -33.9    color:eocene  text:Eocene
from: -33.9   till:  -23.03    color:oligocene  text:Oligocene
from: -23.03    till: -5.332    color:miocene    text:Miocene
from: -5.332    till: -2.588    color:pliocene    text:Plio.
from: -2.588    till: -0.0117   color:pleistocene    text:Pleist.
from: -0.0117    till: 0    color:holocene    text:H.

bar:era
from: -65.5   till:  -23.03    color:paleogene  text:Paleogene
from: -23.03    till: -2.588    color:neogene    text:Neogene
from: -2.588    till: 0   color:quaternary    text:Q.

</timeline>

Popular culture

File:Welcome to Dare County marlin - Stierch.jpg
A taxidermied marlin greets visitors to Dare County, North Carolina.

In the Nobel Prize–winning author Ernest Hemingway's 1952 novel The Old Man and the Sea, the central character of the work is an aged Cuban fisherman who, after 84 days without success on the water, heads out to sea to break his run of bad luck. On the 85th day, Santiago, the old fisherman, hooks a resolute marlin; what follows is a great struggle between man, sea creature, and the elements.

Frederick Forsyth's story "The Emperor", in the collection No Comebacks, tells of a bank manager named Murgatroyd, who catches a marlin and is acknowledged by the islanders of Mauritius as a master fisherman.

A marlin features prominently in the last chapter and climactic scenes of Christina Stead's The Man Who Loved Children. Sam's friend Saul gives Sam a marlin, and Sam makes his children help him render the fish's fat.

The Miami Marlins, a professional baseball team based in Miami, Florida, is named after the fish.

In Finding Nemo, Nemo's father's name is Marlin.

See also

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References

Template:Reflist

Further reading

Template:Refbegin

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Template:Refend

External links

Template:Sister project

  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1". — news clip discussing discovery that a look-alike fish has been widely mis-identified as white marlin

Template:Billfish Template:Authority control Template:Taxonbar

  1. ↑ Template:Cite dictionary
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
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