Exurb: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Near the "Wedge" on Delaware-Maryland-Pennsylvania State Line (2894743106).jpg|thumb|Exurban-style density along the Pennsylvania–Maryland–Delaware border, part of [[ | [[File:Near the "Wedge" on Delaware-Maryland-Pennsylvania State Line (2894743106).jpg|thumb|Exurban-style density along the Pennsylvania–Maryland–Delaware border, part of the [[Philadelphia metropolitan area]]]] | ||
[[File:Massies Corner to Mount Airy.svg|thumb|Exurban development (left side) blends into suburban development (right side) in [[Loudoun County, Virginia]], in the western part of the [[Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area]].]] | [[File:Massies Corner to Mount Airy.svg|thumb|Exurban development (left side) blends into suburban development (right side) in [[Loudoun County, Virginia]], in the western part of the [[Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area]].]] | ||
An '''exurb''' (or alternately: '''exurban area''') is an area outside the typically denser inner [[suburbs|suburban area]], at the edge of a [[metropolitan area]], which has some economic and commuting connection to the metro area, low housing | An '''exurb''' (or alternately: '''exurban area''') is an area outside the typically denser inner [[suburbs|suburban area]], at the edge of a [[metropolitan area]], which has some economic and commuting connection to the metro area, low housing density,<ref> | ||
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and relatively high population | and relatively high population growth.<ref> | ||
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==Definitions== | ==Definitions== | ||
The word ''exurb'' (a [[portmanteau]] of ''extra (outside)'' and ''urban'') was coined by [[Auguste Comte Spectorsky]], in his 1955 book ''The Exurbanites'', to describe the ring of prosperous communities beyond the [[suburb]]s, that are [[commuter town]]s for an urban area.<ref>{{cite book |last=Spectorsky |first=Auguste C. |title=The Exurbanites |year=1955 | publisher=J. B. Lippincott & Co. |location=Lippincott, Philadelphia |oclc =476943}}</ref> In other uses the term has expanded to include popular extraurban districts which nonetheless may have poor transportation and underdeveloped economies due to their distance from the [[urban center]].<ref name="Shenjia"/> | The word ''exurb'' (a [[portmanteau]] of ''extra (outside)'' and ''urban'') was coined by [[Auguste Comte Spectorsky]], in his 1955 book ''The Exurbanites'', to describe the ring of prosperous communities beyond the [[suburb]]s, that are [[commuter town]]s for an urban area.<ref>{{cite book |last=Spectorsky |first=Auguste C. |title=The Exurbanites |year=1955 | publisher=J. B. Lippincott & Co. |location=Lippincott, Philadelphia |oclc =476943}}</ref> In other uses, the term has expanded to include popular extraurban districts which nonetheless may have poor transportation and underdeveloped economies due to their distance from the [[urban center]].<ref name="Shenjia"/> | ||
Exurbs can be defined in terms of [[population density]] across the extended urban area | Exurbs can be defined in terms of [[population density]] across the extended urban area; for example, "the urban core (old urban areas including [[Siming, Xiamen|Siming]] and [[Huli, Xiamen|Huli]], where the population density is greater than 51 persons per [[Hectare|ha]]), the suburban zone (old urban and new urban transitional zones including Haicang and Jimei, where the population density is greater than 8 persons per ha), and the exurban areas (newly urbanized areas including [[Tong'an, Xiamen|Tong'an]] and [[Xiang'an, Xiamen|Xiang'an]], where the population density is less than 8 persons per ha)".<ref name="Ren" /> The mixture of urban and rural environments raises ecological issues.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Dog vs. bear: release the hounds! A new weapon in the battle to keep New Jersey exurbs bear-free|last=Vinzant|first=Carol|journal=[[New York (magazine)|New York]]|date=17 December 2007|volume=40|number=45|page=2}}</ref><ref name="Ren">{{cite journal|author=Ren, Y., Wei, X., Wei, X., Pan, J., Xie, P., Song, X., Peng, D., & Zhao, J.|date=2011|title=Relationship between vegetation carbon storage and urbanization: A case study of Xiamen, China|journal=Forest Ecology and Management|volume=261|number=7|pages=1214–1223|doi=10.1016/j.foreco.2010.12.038}}</ref> | ||
==Examples by country== | ==Examples by country== | ||
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*[[Rural–urban fringe]] | *[[Rural–urban fringe]] | ||
*[[White flight]] | *[[White flight]] | ||
*[[South Park]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 01:23, 24 October 2025
Template:Short description Template:Use American English Template:Use mdy dates
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An exurb (or alternately: exurban area) is an area outside the typically denser inner suburban area, at the edge of a metropolitan area, which has some economic and commuting connection to the metro area, low housing density,[1] and relatively high population growth.[2] It shapes an interface between urban and rural landscapes, holding a limited urban nature for its functional, economic, and social interaction with the urban center, due to its dominant residential character.[3] Exurbs consist of "agglomerations of housing and jobs outside the municipal boundaries of a primary city"[4] and beyond the surrounding suburbs.[5]
Definitions
The word exurb (a portmanteau of extra (outside) and urban) was coined by Auguste Comte Spectorsky, in his 1955 book The Exurbanites, to describe the ring of prosperous communities beyond the suburbs, that are commuter towns for an urban area.[6] In other uses, the term has expanded to include popular extraurban districts which nonetheless may have poor transportation and underdeveloped economies due to their distance from the urban center.[7]
Exurbs can be defined in terms of population density across the extended urban area; for example, "the urban core (old urban areas including Siming and Huli, where the population density is greater than 51 persons per ha), the suburban zone (old urban and new urban transitional zones including Haicang and Jimei, where the population density is greater than 8 persons per ha), and the exurban areas (newly urbanized areas including Tong'an and Xiang'an, where the population density is less than 8 persons per ha)".[8] The mixture of urban and rural environments raises ecological issues.[9][8]
Examples by country
China
- Changping District, Beijing
- Shunyi District, Beijing
- Shenjia village, Loudi city, Hunan province[7]
Russia
United States
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Since the Finding Exurbia report by the Brookings Institution in 2006, the term is generally usedScript error: No such module "Unsubst". for areas beyond suburbs and specifically less densely built and populated than the suburbs to which the exurbs' residents commute.[11] To qualify as exurban, a census tract must meet three criteria:[11]
- Economic connection to a large metropolis.
- Low housing density: bottom third of census tracts with regard to housing density. In 2000, this was a minimum of Template:Convert per resident.
- Population growth exceeding the average for its central metropolitan area.
These are based on published datasets. Alternative approaches include working with Oak Ridge National Laboratory LandScan data and GIS.[12]
Exurban areas incorporate a mix of rural development (e.g., farms and open space) and in places, suburban-style development (e.g., tracts of single-family homes, though usually on large lots). In long-settled areas, such as the U.S. Northeast megalopolis, exurban areas incorporate pre-existing towns, villages and smaller cities, as well as strips of older single-family homes built along pre-existing roads that connected the older population centers of what was once a rural area. The Brookings Institution listed exurban counties, defined as having at least 20% of their residents in exurban Census tracts.[11]
See also
References
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1". "Here the term exurb is taken from the North American planning literature, and is used to designate agglomerations of housing and jobs outside the municipal boundaries of a primary city. Such exurbs may have independent municipal governance."
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1". "The GDA was split into four zones each encompassing development at increasing radii from Dublin's city centre, namely: city centre, suburbs, exurbs and commuter towns."
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