ATACMS: Difference between revisions

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The MGM-140 Army Tactical Missile System (ATACMS Template:IPAc-en) is a short-range supersonic tactical ballistic missile designed and manufactured by the American defense company Ling-Temco-Vought (LTV), and later, through acquisitions, Lockheed Martin. The missile uses solid propellant and is Template:Convert long and Template:Convert in diameter, and the longest-range variants can fly up to Template:Convert.^[1] It can be fired from the tracked M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS) and the wheeled M142 High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS). An ATACMS launch container (pod) has one rocket but a lid patterned with six circles like a standard MLRS rocket lid to prevent an enemy from discerning what type of missile is loaded.^[2]

History

Pre-development

The concept of a conventional tactical ballistic missile was made possible by the doctrinal shift of the late Cold War, which rejected the indispensability of an early nuclear strike on the Warsaw Pact forces in the event the Cold War went hot.^[3] The AirLand Battle and Follow-on Forces Attack doctrines, which emerged in the late 1970s and early 1980s, necessitated a conventional-armed (hence much more accurate) missile to strike enemy reserves, so the United States Army Aviation and Missile Command sponsored the Simplified Inertial Guidance Demonstrator (SIG-D) program.^[3]

Within this program, Ling-Temco-Vought developed a solid-fuel analog of the MGM-52 Lance missile, designated T-22,^[4] with a new RLG-based inertial guidance package, which demonstrated unprecedented accuracy.^[3] In 1978, DARPA started the Assault Breaker technology demonstration program to attack armor formations with many mobile hard targets at standoff ranges. It used the T-22 missile and the Patriot-based Martin Marietta T-16 missile with cluster warheads.

In March 1980 the U.S. Army decided to replace the Lance with a similar nuclear, but also chemical or biological, tipped solid-fuel missile with simplified usability dubbed the Corps Support Weapon System (CSWS). In a year, concerned about the fact Army started to develop the weapon with a similar objectives to interdict the second-echelon massed targets to already developing by USAF's Conventional Standoff Weapon (CSW) program with only difference of surface/air-launched and both positioned as the part of same Short Range Nuclear Forces of Non-Strategic Nuclear Force Program, the Department of Defense subdued CSWS Project Office (Provisional) to MICOM renaming it to the System Development Office. That new office acquired the Assault Breaker effort thus started to manage the Assault Breaker and CSWS efforts together, that way slowly summing up and moving forward the weapon development progress for the JTACMS program to be сreated.^[5]^[6]

Development

Development of the missile now known as ATACMS started in 1980, when the U.S. Army decided to replace the Lance with a similar nuclear, but also chemical or biological, tipped solid-fuel missile dubbed the Corps Support Weapon System (CSWS). Concerned that two branches were developing too many similar missiles with different warheads, the Department of Defense merged the program with DARPA's Assault Breaker in 1981, and with United States Air Force (USAF)'s Conventional Standoff Weapon (CSW) in 1982–1983.^[5]

The new missile system, designated Joint Tactical Missile System (JTACMS), soon encountered USAF resistance to the idea of an air-launched ballistic missile. As a result, in 1984 the USAF ended its participation in the non-cruise missile portion of the program, leading to the missile being redesignated as the Army Tactical Missile System (ATACMS).^[5]

Details

In fiscal year 1982, the United States House Committee on Appropriations approved the Corps Support Weapon System (CSWS) program, which was the successor to the US Army Assault Breaker program in cooperation with DARPA, was merged with the Conventional Standoff Weapon (CSW) US Air Force and renamed the Joint Tactical Missile System (JTACMS), the goal of which was to create a weapon that meets the combined requirements of both programs, namely, that it can attack and destroy the second-echelon of enemy forces, in particular armored vehicles, and scatter submunitions against such vehicles. In this project, it was planned to use the technologies of Assault Breaker to develop a surface-to-surface weapon system, which should be used for the so-called "deep interdiction" (some sort of preventive measure, the prototype of which is air interdiction used by air force) – by which is meant the destruction or causing significant damage by the joint activity of air and ground forces to the specific distant from the front line targets, such as buildings, bridges, oil refineries and other industry, that way slowing down logistics and/or providing and/or supporting and, therefore, advancing enemy troops with the aim of tactical, even albeit short-term, superiority of allied troops, which can significantly affect the military theater in a positive way,^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11] – using conventional or nuclear weapons on the battlefield. Although both services were to participate in the development of the weapon, it was the US Army who led the JTACMS program.^[12]^[13]

The program was initially led by Colonel James B. Lincoln, who was a full-time and continuous student at numerous military schools (from 1960, when he graduated from the United States Military Academy, until 1980, when he graduated from the Industrial College of the Armed Forces),^[14] in 1977 on the basis of Defense Systems Management College graduated with a thesis of "Managing Total Acquisition Time: A New Priority for Major Weapon Systems", where, in particular, he focused on the significant decrease in the pace of procurement of the main missile complexes compared to 1971^[15] and in 1980, heading the TRADOC program at Fort Sill in the direction of MLRS, spoke rather defiantly about field army systems, where, in particular, he compared the struggle of the US Army for limited resources during the development of new systems with bow wave, which prevents the ship from accelerating, and military projects are either canceled or refinanced by the state, with waves diverging from it,^[16] and was noticed by DARCOM.^[17] In April 1984, he was transferred to be the head of the TOW project, and in the current project he was replaced by Colonel William J. Fiorentino, who by that time had already been the head of the Pershing Project Manager's Office for more than 5 years, which during his leadership developed two-stage solid fuel mobile-launched ballistic missiles with a nuclear warhead both short (Pershing) and medium (Pershing II) ranged.^[18] Dr. Billy Tidwell who was program manager during JTACMS while and Acting Program Manager for a short period.^[19]

In FY 1984 Congress prohibited the development of a nuclear warhead for JTACMS, despite the Army claiming it could place US forces at a disadvantage if it became necessary to make the system nuclear-capable. In FY 1985 the Army denied having R&D funds programmed for the development of a JTACMS nuclear warhead.^[20]

On May, 22nd, 1984 the U.S. Army and USAF signed an agreeing on a list of 31 initiatives. Item 18 on that list states about services will develop a different types of same rocket for each of it – preferences for Army was a development of shorter-ranged ground-launched system, for air-force – air-launched system.^[21]

JTACMS was intended to be a jointly funded program with NATO allies; the United Kingdom, Federal Republic of Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands and Italy were initially contacted about joining the program, with the British and Germans expressing interest, while the others declined due to lacking adequate funds.^[21]

Starting from at least the end of year 1986, the ATACMS program was led by Colonel Thomas J. Kunhart.^[22]

Production

In March 1986, Ling-Temco-Vought won the contract for the missile design. The system was assigned the MGM-140 designation. The first test launch came two years later, thanks to earlier experience of the company with previous programs.

In 2007, the U.S. Army terminated the ATACMS program due to cost, ending the ability to replenish stocks. To sustain the remaining inventory, the ATACMS Service Life Extension Program (SLEP) was launched, which refurbishes or replaces propulsion and navigation systems, replaces cluster munition warheads with the unitary blast fragmentation warhead, and adds a proximity fuze option to obtain area effects. Deliveries were projected to start in 2018. The ATACMS SLEP is a bridging initiative to provide time to complete analysis and development of a successor capability to the aging ATACMS stockpile, which could be ready around 2022.Template:Update inline^[23]

The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 authorized the production and procurement of up to 1,700 additional ATACMS, but this was not funded by the 2023 Defense Appropriations Act.^[24]^[25]Template:Update inline

Stockpile upgrades

In January 2015, Lockheed Martin received a contract to develop and test new hardware for Block I ATACMS missiles to eliminate the risk of unexploded ordnance by 2016.^[26]^[27] The first modernized Tactical Missile System (TACMS) was delivered in September 2016 with updated guidance electronics and added capability to defeat area targets using a unitary warhead, without leaving behind unexploded ordnance.^[28]^[29] Lockheed was awarded a production contract for launch assemblies as part of the SLEP in August 2017.^[30] In 2021, Lockheed Martin was contracted to upgrade existing M39 munitions to the M57 variant with a WDU-18/B warhead from the Harpoon missile by 2024.^[31]

A plan announced in October 2016 to add an existing seeker to enable the ATACMS to strike moving targets on land and at sea^[32] was terminated in December 2020 to pursue other missile efforts.^[33]

Replacement

Starting in 2016, the Long-Range Precision Fires (LRPF) program began to be developed,^[34] which was later renamed Precision Strike Missile (PrSM), with the idea of replacing ATACMS missiles with the "Increment 1" phase (version) of PrSM.^[35]^[36]^[37] PrSM Increment 1 missiles began delivery in late 2023.^[38]

Versions

M39 (Block I) – missile with inertial guidance. It carries 950 M74 anti-personnel and anti‑materiel (APAM^[39]) bomblets, each about the size of a baseball^[40] and weighing Template:Cvt,^[41] which are dispersed across a circular area approximately Template:Convert in diameter, and effective against parked aircraft, ammunition dumps, air defense systems, and gatherings of personnel, but not against armored vehicles.^[42] The size of the affected area can be changed by modifying the height at which the payload is released.^[43] Range of Block I is 25–165 km (15-100 mi).^[44] The M74 has a reported failure rate of 2%.^[45]^[46]
M39A1 (Block IA) – missile with GPS-aided guidance. It carries 300 M74 bomblets. There were 610 produced between 1997 and 2003. During Operation Iraqi Freedom, 74 were expended.^[35]^[47] As of 2021, the remaining ones were being updated to M57E1 standard.^[48]^[49] Range: Template:Convert.^[50]^[51]^[46]
M39A2 (Block II) missile used to dispense Brilliant Anti-armour Technology (BAT) submunitions. Has the same INS/GPS guidance system as the M39A1 and carries 13 BAT submunitions in the enlarged warhead section.^[52]^[53]^[46]
M48 (Block I/Block 1 Unitary) is a variant of ATACMS Block IA, containing the Quick Reaction Unitary (QRU) warhead.^[54] It carries the Template:Convert WDU-18/B penetrating high explosive blast fragmentation warhead of the Harpoon anti-ship missile, which was packaged into the newly designed WAU-23/B warhead section. There were 176 produced between 2001 and 2004, when production ceased in favor of the M57. Operational since 2002.^[55] During Operation Iraqi Freedom, 16 were launched, and a further 42 during Operation Enduring Freedom.^[35]^[47] The remaining ones are in the US Army and US Marine Corps' arsenal. Range: Template:Convert.^[46]
M57 (Block IA/Block 1A Quick Reaction Unitary, TACMS 2000 or T2K) – is, in fact, same missile as M48, with production costs reduced by up to $100,000 per missile via the "TACMS 2000" program.^[56] M39A1-based upgraded missile with GPS-aided guidance. It carries the same WAU-23/B warhead section as the M48. There were 513 produced between 2004 and 2013.^[35]^[47] Accuracy is Template:Cvt CEP (Circular Error Probable). Range: Template:Convert.^[57]
M57E1 (ATACMS MOD or MOD [modification, modified]) – upgraded M39 and M39A1 with re-grained motor, updated navigation and guidance software and hardware, and a WAU-23/B warhead section instead of the M74 bomblets. This variant includes a proximity sensor for airburst detonation.^[48] Production commenced in 2017 with an initial order for 220.^[35]^[47]
NATACMS – a ship-launched ATACMS variant for the U.S. Navy, was under development in the 1990s and was tested twice in early 1995: first from the ground at the White Sands Missile Range, and then from the flight deck of Template:USS using a modified Army M270 tracked vehicle at a target 75 nautical miles (86 mi) distant on San Clemente Island off Southern California. The last testing missile carried 730 Mk 74 (probably meaning M74 munition) submunitions. Despite all test objectives being met, or even exceeded, development was later cancelled for unknown reasons.^[58]^[59]^[60]
SLATACMS – a projected Sea-Launched ATACMS variant of the Army Block IA missile for undersea operations with a maximum launch depth limit of 175 feet, identical warhead,^[61] same diameter and only dimensional changes of length from 156.5" to 199", for fins to be folded within a smaller envelope and the addition of a fin module, which had to be jettisoned after broach and before motor ignition, behind the boattail for stability during underwater flight, – to fit primarily within the most advanced (688i, FLTIII/Flight III) design of Los Angeles-class submarine vertical launching system (VLS) capsules, having 12 of such ones onboard. Its history began when USN Strategic System Program Office authorized a study in June 1995^[61] to evaluate undersea cold launch capability of MGM-140A from submarines. However, on the Hearings on National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997 held on March, 1996, become known that USN plan to use not only APAM but also a BAT (Brilliant Anti-Tank) munitions payload,^[39] and when Lockheed Martin presented SLATACMS press-release at August, 1996, there was already described Block IA missile as a base modification specimen for the SLATACMS. Choosing a submarine VLS as the appropriate launcher, that was designed by default for Tomahawk missile, which have ~x1,5 length of SLATACMS, exclusively, had led to the creation of a unique combined missile and launch capsule as an all-up-round (AUR) or SLATACMS AUR, which with SLATACMS inside fits the submarine's Tomahawk-designed VLS.^[62]

Comparison

Template:Multiple issues

SpecificationsTemplate:R
	M39 Block I	M39A1 Block I	M48 QRU	M57 Block IA Unitary
Mass	Template:Cvt	Template:Cvt (est)	Unknown	Unknown
Length	Template:Cvt
Diameter	Template:Cvt
Guidance type	INS	GPS aided INS
Warhead	950 x M74 bombletsTemplate:Refn	300 x M74 bomblets	WAU-23/B unitary warhead
Warhead weight	Template:Cvt	Template:Cvt	Template:Cvt
Fuze	M74 APAM bomblets each initiated by an M219A1E1 fuze		FMU 141/B point detonating fuze	Tri-mode (point detonating, proximity, and delay) fuze
Motor	Solid-propellant rocket motor
Max speed	Template:Cvt	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown
Min range	Template:Cvt	Template:Cvt
Max range	Template:Cvt	Template:Cvt	Template:Cvt	Template:Cvt

Operation

The ATACMS was first used in combat in 1991: 32 were fired from the M270 MLRS during Operation Desert Storm.^[63] In 2003, more than 450 were fired in Operation Iraqi Freedom.^[64] By early 2015, more than 560 ATACMS missiles had been used in combat.^[26]^[27]

During Russian invasion of Ukraine

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Starting from October 2023 Ukraine began using the earliest (short-ranged) versions of ATACMS during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.^[65] These missiles were meant to threaten the Russian-occupied "land corridor" to Crimea in the southern part of Ukraine^[66] as well as the vast majority of the Russian-operated air bases in the north of Crimea, which would theoretically complicate Russia's use of attack helicopters from those bases against Ukrainian targets.^[67] The first recorded Ukrainian ATACMS strikes destroyed numerous Russian Military helicopters on the ground, confirmed by satellite imagery and video from the ground.^[68]^[69]

Starting from 19 February 2024 there were rumors about possible near-future use of later (longer-ranged) versions of ATACMS by Ukraine,^[70] which were shortly proven correct when an ATACMS missile attack on the Russian-occupied Dzhankoi air base resulted in six main explosions and several reported secondary explosions. The base was positioned much further than earlier versions of ATACMS' strike range from Ukraine-controlled territory.^[71] It was then officially confirmed when U.S. officials revealed Ukraine had already received and deployed the missiles to a combat-ready status a month prior.^[72]^[73]^[74]^[75]^[76]^[77] These strikes with longer-range ATACMS deeper into Crimea destroyed components of Russian air defense systems, such as launchers part of the S-300 or S-400, along with destroying Russian Military aircraft on the ground, such as two MiG-31 interceptors, confirmed by satellite and ground imagery.^[78]^[79]

ATACMS has shown an ability to destroy air defense sites, and was used to destroy an active Russian S-300 or S-400 site. Drone footage showed the air defense system launching interceptors before the cluster submunitions of ATACMS impacted, causing numerous detonations of air defense system components such as launchers.^[80]

On 23 June an incident occurred during an attack on Sevastopol, where Russian air defense missiles were fired at multiple ATACMS missiles resulting in explosions that caused 4 deaths and more than 150 injuries on Template:Ill beach, where locals reported that no air raid warning had taken place and therefore people on the beach were not able to evacuate.^[81]^[82]

In September Russian President Vladimir Putin threatened retaliation for attacks on Russian territory.^[83] Experts said Putin's threats are aimed at dissuading the United States, the United Kingdom and France from allowing Ukraine to use Western-supplied long-range missiles such as the Storm Shadow and ATACMS in strikes against Russia.^[84]

On 17 November the United States changed policy, allowing Ukraine to use ATACMS for military targets inside mainland Russia.^[85]^[86] On 19 November, ATACMS were for the first time fired at a target within the internationally recognized borders of Russia. An ammunition storage facility was destroyed in the Bryansk region of Russia, with videos of explosions and fires on the ground at the site emerging.^[87] On 25 November, ATACMS were used to hit a Russian S-400 air defense system at an airbase in the Kursk region of Russia. Video emerged of ATACMS cluster munitions hitting the airbase, and imagery emerged of a destroyed 92N6E radar station of the S-400 system.^[88]

EW vs usability

The ATACMS uses multiple inertial navigation units knitted together with software, so it is reportedly able to maintain accuracy when GPS is lost due to electronic warfare better than other GPS-guided weapons.^[89]

Reverse engineering

On 1 July 2024, Russia claimed to have recovered an ATACMS missile guidance system intact, and stated that Russian officials are studying the guidance system to "identify any weak spots".^[90]

Operators

File:MGM-140 Operators.svg

Operators:<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />

Current

Future

Script error: No such module "flag".: In May 2022, the US DSCA approved a sale to Australia of 20 M142 HIMARS launchers for the Australian Army with 10 M57 ATACMS unitary rockets and other MLRS munitions in a US$385 million contract.^[91] In August 2023, the DSCA approved a sale of an additional 22 M142 HIMARS and related equipment for an estimated cost of US$975 million.^[92] On 19 August 2023, the Australian Government announced the purchase of more M142 HIMARS bringing the total number to 42 and also an order for associated munitions.^[93]
Script error: No such module "flag".: The Royal Bahraini Army purchased 30 M39-series ATACMS in 2000 and 110 M57 ATACMS in 2018.^[94]^[95]
Script error: No such module "flag".: A request to buy up to 18 M57 ATACMS was approved in July 2022.^[96] All were delivered by 2025.^[97]
Script error: No such module "flag".: The Hellenic Army operates the 165 km variant.^[98]^[99]
Script error: No such module "flag".: In 2002, the South Korean Army purchased 111 ATACMS Block I and 111 ATACMS Block IA missiles for the M270 MLRS.^[100]^[101]
Script error: No such module "flag".: The Romanian Land Forces purchased 54 M57 ATACMS, which were all delivered by June 2022.^[102]^[103]^[104]
Script error: No such module "flag".: The Polish Land Forces purchased 30 M57 ATACMS, which were all delivered by June 2022.^[105] Another 45 M57 ATACMS were ordered in February 2023.^[106]
Script error: No such module "flag".: The Turkish Army^[107] uses the ATACMS Block IA.^[108]^[109]
Script error: No such module "flag".: The Qatari Emiri Land Force acquired 60 M57 ATACMS in 2012.^[110]
Script error: No such module "flag".: The United Arab Emirates Army acquired 100 M57 ATACMS in 2014.^[111]
Script error: No such module "flag".: The United States Army and United States Marine Corps are both ATACMS operators.
Script error: No such module "flag".: The Armed Forces of Ukraine operates ATACMS M39 Block I;^[112] these were used in combat for the first time on 17 October 2023.^[113] The longer range ATACMS with bomblets and unitary warheads were also reportedly supplied and used starting in March 2024.^[74] Ukraine fired several American-supplied longer-range missiles ATACMS into Russia, Ukrainian officials said on 18 November 2024, marking the first time Kyiv used the weapons that way in 1,000 days of war.^[114]
Script error: No such module "flag".: In October 2020, the U.S. State Department approved the sale of 64 M57 ATACMS to Taiwan.^[115] On the 10th of November 2024, Taiwan received its 1st batch of ATACMS missile systems from the US.^[116]^[117]

Future operators

Script error: No such module "flag".: A request to buy 10 M57 ATACMS missile pods was approved in October 2023.^[118]
Script error: No such module "flag".: A request to buy 18 M57 ATACMS missile pods was approved in November 2022.^[119]
Script error: No such module "flag".: Ordered 18 M142 HIMARS launchers with 40 M57 ATACMS missile pods along with other MLRS munitions (M30A2, M31A2) for an estimated cost of US$524 million in April 2023.^[120]

Failed bids

Script error: No such module "flag".: A Finnish contract for 70 missiles was canceled due to high prices in March 2014.^[121]
Script error: No such module "flag".: A request to buy 80 M57 ATACMS pods was approved in February 2023. In May 2023 the Royal Netherlands Army purchased 20 PULS rocket artillery systems made by Israel's Elbit Systems instead.^[122]^[123]^[124]^[125]^[126]

Notes

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References

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External links

Template:Sister project

ATACMS, Lockheed Martin
Army Tactical Missile System Block IA Unitary Lockheed Martin. Retrieved 6 October 2011.
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Precision Guided Missiles and Rockets Program Review U.S. Defense Technical Information Center (14 April 2008).
ATACMS / ATACMS Block IA Unitary Deagel.com. Retrieved 6 October 2011.
M39 Army Tactical Missile System (Army TACMS) Federation of American Scientists | FAS.org. Retrieved 6 October 2011.

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[63] [Source, DoD, Conduct of the Persian Gulf War, April 1992, p. 753.]

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[73] tagesschau.de 21. April 2024: Waffen könnten nun schnell geliefert werden

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[76] US will ‘continue to provide' ATACMS to Ukraine, national security advisor says. Defense One. 25 April 2024.

[77] Sullivan says Ukraine supplemental should cover all of 2024, long-range ATACMS now in Ukraine. Breaking Defense. 24 April 2024.

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[89] Taking aim: Army leaders ponder mix of precision munitions vs conventional. Breaking Defense. 10 May 2024.

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@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
 {{Use American English|date=October 2023}}
+{{Lead rewrite|date=July 2025}}
 {{infobox weapon
 | name               = MGM-140 Army Tactical Missile System (ATACMS)
@@ Line 8: / Line 10: @@
 | caption            = ATACMS launch by [[HIMARS]]
 | origin             = United States
-| type               = [[Rocket artillery]]<br>[[Tactical ballistic missile]]
+| type               = [[Rocket artillery]]<br />[[Tactical ballistic missile]]
 <!-- Type selection -->| is_ranged          = yes
 | is_explosive       = yes
@@ Line 24: / Line 26: @@
 | design_date        = 1986
 | manufacturer       = [[Lockheed Martin]]
-| unit_cost          = M39: $820,000 (FY1998)<ref name="FAS M39">{{cite web|url=https://man.fas.org/dod-101/sys/land/atacms.htm|title=M39 Army Tactical Missile System (Army TACMS)|access-date=7 March 2023|archive-date=12 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312054631/https://man.fas.org/dod-101/sys/land/atacms.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> (or ~$1,476,000 FY2022)<br>M57: ~$1,700,000 (FY2021)<ref name="popularmechanics.com">{{cite web | url=https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/weapons/a45114295/us-likely-to-send-atacms-missiles-to-ukraine/ | title=Joe Biden is Probably About to Send These Deep-Strike Missiles to Ukraine | date=20 September 2023 }}</ref>
+| unit_cost          = M39: $820,000 (FY1998)<ref name="FAS M39">{{cite web|url=https://man.fas.org/dod-101/sys/land/atacms.htm|title=M39 Army Tactical Missile System (Army TACMS)|access-date=7 March 2023|archive-date=12 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312054631/https://man.fas.org/dod-101/sys/land/atacms.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> (or ~$1,476,000 FY2022)<br />M57: ~$1,700,000 (FY2021)<ref name="popularmechanics.com">{{cite web | url=https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/weapons/a45114295/us-likely-to-send-atacms-missiles-to-ukraine/ | title=Joe Biden is Probably About to Send These Deep-Strike Missiles to Ukraine | date=20 September 2023 }}</ref>
 | production_date    =
 | number             = 3,700<ref name="armyreco8jan15">{{Cite web|date=8 January 2015|title=U.S. army awards Lockheed Martin $78 million contract for ATACMS guided missile modernization|url=http://www.armyrecognition.com/january_2015_global_defense_security_news_industry/u.s._army_awards_lockheed_martin_78_million_contract_for_atacms_guided_missile_modernization_080115.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150117221711/http://www.armyrecognition.com/january_2015_global_defense_security_news_industry/u.s._army_awards_lockheed_martin_78_million_contract_for_atacms_guided_missile_modernization_080115.html|archive-date=17 January 2015|website=Armyrecognition.com}}</ref><ref name="armedint8jan15">{{Cite web|date=8 January 2015|title=Lockheed Martin Tactical Missile System Upgrades|url=http://www.armedforces-int.com/news/lockheed-martin-tactical-missile-system-upgrades.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150117201302/http://www.armedforces-int.com/news/lockheed-martin-tactical-missile-system-upgrades.html|archive-date=17 January 2015|website=Armedforces-Int.com}}</ref>
@@ Line 58: / Line 60: @@
 | head_type          =
 | haft_type          = <!-- Explosive specifications -->
-| filling            = M74 bomblets (M39) or <br> 214 kg (472 lb) WAU-23/B unitary warhead (M48, M57)
+| filling            = Block 1: 950 M74 bomblets<br />Block 1A: 300 M74 bomblets or 213&nbsp;kg WDU-18/B HE blast/fragmentation unitary warhead or 247&nbsp;kg WDU-40/B HE blast penetration<br />Block 2: 13 BAT submunitions
 | filling_weight     =
 | detonation         =
@@ Line 84: / Line 86: @@
 | boost              =
 | accuracy           =
-| launch_platform    = [[M270]], [[HIMARS]]
+| launch_platform    = [[M270]], [[HIMARS]], [[GMARS]]
 | transport          =
 }}
-The '''MGM-140 Army Tactical Missile System''' ('''ATACMS''' {{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|t|æ|k|ə|m|z}}) is a [[supersonic]] [[tactical ballistic missile]] designed and manufactured by the American defense company [[Ling-Temco-Vought]] (LTV), and later, through acquisitions, [[Lockheed Martin]].
+The '''MGM-140 Army Tactical Missile System''' ('''ATACMS''' {{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|t|æ|k|ə|m|z}}) is a short-range [[supersonic]] [[tactical ballistic missile]] designed and manufactured by the American defense company [[Ling-Temco-Vought]] (LTV), and later, through acquisitions, [[Lockheed Martin]]. The missile uses [[solid-propellant rocket|solid propellant]] and is {{convert|13|ft}} long and {{convert|24|in}} in diameter, and the longest-range variants can fly up to {{convert|300|km|mi|order=flip}}.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 March 2021|title=Army Tactical Missile System Block IA Unitary|url=https://www.lockheedmartin.com/en-us/products/army-tactical-missile-system-block-ia-unitary-atacms.html|access-date=20 December 2021|website=Lockheed Martin |archive-date=20 December 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211220055459/https://www.lockheedmartin.com/en-us/products/army-tactical-missile-system-block-ia-unitary-atacms.html |url-status=live}}</ref> It can be fired from the [[Continuous track|tracked]] [[M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System]] (MLRS) and the wheeled [[M142 HIMARS|M142 High Mobility Artillery Rocket System]] (HIMARS). An ATACMS launch container (pod) has one rocket but a lid patterned with six circles like a standard MLRS rocket lid to prevent an enemy from discerning what type of missile is loaded.<ref name="military-today" />
-The missile uses [[solid-propellant rocket|solid propellant]] and is {{convert|13|ft}} long and {{convert|24|in}} in diameter, and the longest-range variants can fly up to {{convert|300|km|mi|order=flip}}.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 March 2021|title=Army Tactical Missile System Block IA Unitary|url=https://www.lockheedmartin.com/en-us/products/army-tactical-missile-system-block-ia-unitary-atacms.html|access-date=20 December 2021|website=Lockheed Martin |archive-date=20 December 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211220055459/https://www.lockheedmartin.com/en-us/products/army-tactical-missile-system-block-ia-unitary-atacms.html |url-status=live}}</ref> It can be fired from the [[Continuous track|track]]ed [[M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System]] (MLRS) and the wheeled [[M142 HIMARS|M142 High Mobility Artillery Rocket System]] (HIMARS).
-An ATACMS launch container (pod) has one rocket but a lid patterned with six circles like a standard MLRS rocket lid to prevent an enemy from discerning what type of missile is loaded.<ref name="military-today" />
-==History==
+== History ==
 === Pre-development ===
 The concept of a conventional tactical ballistic missile was made possible by the doctrinal shift of the late [[Cold War]], which rejected the indispensability of an early nuclear strike on the [[Warsaw Pact]] forces in the event the Cold War went hot.<ref name="Romanczuk">{{Cite report|url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA517010|title=Lessons From Army System Developments. Volume 2: Case Studies: Army Tactical Missile System (ATACMS)|last=Romanczuk|first=Glenn E.|date=11 August 2002|publisher=Alabama Univ in Huntsville Research Inst|location=Huntsville, Alabama|pages=B{{hyphen}}1–B{{hyphen}}23 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430055232/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA517010 |archive-date=30 April 2022 |url-status=live |access-date=30 April 2022 }}</ref> The [[AirLand Battle]] and [[Follow-on Forces Attack]] doctrines, which emerged in the late 1970s and early 1980s, necessitated a conventional-armed (hence much more accurate) missile to strike enemy reserves, so the [[United States Army Aviation and Missile Command]] sponsored the Simplified Inertial Guidance Demonstrator (SIG-D) program.<ref name="Romanczuk" />
@@ Line 105: / Line 103: @@
 Development of the missile now known as ATACMS started in 1980, when the [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] decided to replace the Lance with a similar nuclear, but also chemical or biological, tipped solid-fuel missile dubbed the Corps Support Weapon System (CSWS). Concerned that two branches were developing too many similar missiles with different warheads, the [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]] merged the program with DARPA's Assault Breaker in 1981, and with [[United States Air Force]] (USAF)'s Conventional Standoff Weapon (CSW) in 1982–1983.<ref name="history.redstone.army.mil" />
-The new missile system, designated Joint Tactical Missile System (JTACMS), soon encountered USAF resistance to the idea of an [[air-launched ballistic missile]]. As a result, in 1984 the USAF ended its participation in the non-cruise missile portion of the program, leading to the missile being re-designated as the Army Tactical Missile System (ATACMS).<ref name="history.redstone.army.mil"/>
+The new missile system, designated Joint Tactical Missile System (JTACMS), soon encountered USAF resistance to the idea of an [[air-launched ballistic missile]]. As a result, in 1984 the USAF ended its participation in the non-cruise missile portion of the program, leading to the missile being redesignated as the Army Tactical Missile System (ATACMS).<ref name="history.redstone.army.mil" />
 ==== Details ====
 In [[fiscal year]] 1982, the [[United States House Committee on Appropriations]] approved the Corps Support Weapon System (CSWS) program, which was the successor to the [[US Army]] [[Assault Breaker]] program in cooperation with [[DARPA]], was merged with the Conventional Standoff Weapon (CSW) [[US Air Force]] and renamed the Joint Tactical Missile System (JTACMS), the goal of which was to create a weapon that meets the combined requirements of both programs, namely, that it can attack and destroy the [[second-echelon]] of enemy forces, in particular [[armored vehicle]]s, and scatter submunitions against such vehicles. In this project, it was planned to use the technologies of Assault Breaker to develop a [[Surface-to-surface missile|surface-to-surface]] weapon system, which should be used for the so-called "deep interdiction" (some sort of preventive measure, the prototype of which is [[air interdiction]] used by air force) – by which is meant the destruction or causing significant damage by the joint activity of air and ground forces to the specific distant from the [[front line]] targets, such as buildings, bridges, [[oil refinery|oil refineries]] and other [[Industry (manufacturing)|industry]], that way slowing down logistics and/or providing and/or supporting and, therefore, advancing enemy troops with the aim of [[Military tactics|tactical]], even albeit short-term, superiority of allied troops, which can significantly affect the [[military theater]] in a positive way,<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://ausairpower.net/longbow-aa.html | title=AH-64D Apache Longbow Flight Report | journal=Australian Aviation | date=April 1999 | volume=1999 | last1=Kopp | first1=Carlo }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.deneldynamics.co.za/products/missiles/stand-off-weapons/al-tariq- | title=Al-Tariq &#124; Denel Dynamics }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Baumann |first1=Robert |title=Deep Operations: Theoretical Approaches to Fighting Deep |url=https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Portals/7/combat-studies-institute/images/LSCO%20DeepOps%20book%20interactive%20with%20cover%20spread%2012Nov21.pdf |publisher=[[United States Army Combined Arms Center]] |access-date=4 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208183737/https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Portals/7/combat-studies-institute/images/LSCO%20DeepOps%20book%20interactive%20with%20cover%20spread%2012Nov21.pdf |archive-date=8 December 2021 |date=November 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Laughbaum |first1=R. Kent |title=Synchronizing Airpower and Firepower in the Deep Battle |url=https://media.defense.gov/2017/Nov/21/2001847061/-1/-1/0/CP_0003_LAUGHBAUM_SYNCHRONIZING_AIRPOWER_FIREPOWER.PDF |website=media.defense.gov |publisher=[[Air University Press]] |access-date=4 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229183637/https://media.defense.gov/2017/Nov/21/2001847061/-1/-1/0/CP_0003_LAUGHBAUM_SYNCHRONIZING_AIRPOWER_FIREPOWER.PDF |archive-date=29 December 2022 |date=January 1999 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Wolver |first1=Gary |title=Command, Control, and Coordination of the Joint Battlefield Interdiction Area |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA307607.pdf |website=apps.dtic.mil |publisher=[[Naval War College]] |access-date=4 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901205605/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA307607.pdf |archive-date=1 September 2024 |date=12 February 1996 |url-status=live}}</ref> – using [[Conventional weapons|conventional]] or [[Nuclear weapons|nuclear]] weapons on the [[battlefield]]. Although both services were to participate in the development of the weapon, it was the US Army who led the JTACMS program.<ref>{{Google books|_uBZjgxo_BgC|Department of Defense Appropriations for 1984. Part 1 (1983). United States of America: U.S. Government Printing Office.|page=125|keywords="In FY 1982, we merged"}}</ref><ref>{{Google books|mo8cAAAAMAAJ|Department of Defense Appropriations for 1984. Part 5 (1983). United States of America: U.S. Government Printing Office.|page=610|keywords="Joint tactical missile system"}}</ref>
-The program was initially led by Colonel James B. Lincoln, who was a full-time and continuous student at numerous military schools (from 1960, when he graduated from the [[United States Military Academy]], until 1980, when he graduated from [[Industrial College of the Armed Forces]]),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://history.redstone.army.mil/miss-jamesblincoln.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240820093904/https://history.redstone.army.mil/miss-jamesblincoln.html |archive-date=20 August 2024 |title=Colonel James Lincoln}}</ref> in 1977 on the basis of [[Defense Systems Management College]] graduated with a [[thesis]] of "Managing Total Acquisition Time: A New Priority for Major Weapon Systems", where, in particular, he focused on the significant decrease in the pace of procurement of the main missile complexes compared to 1971<ref>{{Google books|bXEMGFURzJ0C|Concepts: The Journal of Defense Systems Acquisition Management. United States, Defense Systems Management College, 1980.|page=19|keywords="james B. Lincoln"}}</ref> and in 1980, heading the [[TRADOC]] program at [[Fort Sill]] in the direction of [[MLRS]], spoke rather defiantly about field army systems, where, in particular, he compared the struggle of the US Army for limited resources during the development of new systems with [[bow wave]], which prevents the ship from accelerating, and military projects are either canceled or refinanced by the state, with waves diverging from it,<ref>{{Google books|bXEMGFURzJ0C|Concepts: The Journal of Defense Systems Acquisition Management. United States of America, Defense Systems Management College, 1980.|page=20|keywords="james B. Lincoln"}}</ref> and was noticed by [[DARCOM]].<ref>{{Google books|bXEMGFURzJ0C| Concepts: The Journal of Defense Systems Acquisition Management. United States of America, Defense Systems Management College, 1980.|page=118|keywords="james B. Lincoln"}}</ref> In April 1984, he was transferred to be the head of the [[BGM-71 TOW|TOW]] project, and in the current project he was replaced by Colonel William J. Fiorentino, who by that time had already been the head of the [[Pershing Project Manager's Office]] for more than 5 years, which during his leadership developed two-stage solid fuel [[Mobile launcher vehicle|mobile-launched]] [[ballistic missiles]] with a nuclear warhead both [[Short-range ballistic missile|short]] ([[MGM-31 Pershing|Pershing]]) and [[Medium-range ballistic missile|medium]] ([[Pershing II]]) ranged.<ref>{{Google books|MujM-46YO0MC|Program Manager: The Defense Systems Management College Newsletter. United States of America, Defense Systems Management College, 1981.|keywords="J. Fiorentino"}}</ref> Dr. Billy Tidwell who was program manager during JTACMS while and Acting Program Manager for a short period.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lucas |first1=William |last2=Rhoades |first2=Richard |title=Lessons from army system developments {{!}} Volume II Case Studies |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA517010.pdf |website=apps.dtic.mil |publisher=[[University of Alabama in Huntsville]] {{!}} [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] |access-date=4 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430055145/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA517010.pdf |archive-date=30 April 2022 |date=June 2004 |url-status=live}}</ref>
+The program was initially led by Colonel James B. Lincoln, who was a full-time and continuous student at numerous military schools (from 1960, when he graduated from the [[United States Military Academy]], until 1980, when he graduated from the [[Industrial College of the Armed Forces]]),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://history.redstone.army.mil/miss-jamesblincoln.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240820093904/https://history.redstone.army.mil/miss-jamesblincoln.html |archive-date=20 August 2024 |title=Colonel James Lincoln}}</ref> in 1977 on the basis of [[Defense Systems Management College]] graduated with a [[thesis]] of "Managing Total Acquisition Time: A New Priority for Major Weapon Systems", where, in particular, he focused on the significant decrease in the pace of procurement of the main missile complexes compared to 1971<ref>{{Google books|bXEMGFURzJ0C|Concepts: The Journal of Defense Systems Acquisition Management. United States, Defense Systems Management College, 1980.|page=19|keywords="james B. Lincoln"}}</ref> and in 1980, heading the [[TRADOC]] program at [[Fort Sill]] in the direction of [[MLRS]], spoke rather defiantly about field army systems, where, in particular, he compared the struggle of the US Army for limited resources during the development of new systems with [[bow wave]], which prevents the ship from accelerating, and military projects are either canceled or refinanced by the state, with waves diverging from it,<ref>{{Google books|bXEMGFURzJ0C|Concepts: The Journal of Defense Systems Acquisition Management. United States of America, Defense Systems Management College, 1980.|page=20|keywords="james B. Lincoln"}}</ref> and was noticed by [[DARCOM]].<ref>{{Google books|bXEMGFURzJ0C| Concepts: The Journal of Defense Systems Acquisition Management. United States of America, Defense Systems Management College, 1980.|page=118|keywords="james B. Lincoln"}}</ref> In April 1984, he was transferred to be the head of the [[BGM-71 TOW|TOW]] project, and in the current project he was replaced by Colonel William J. Fiorentino, who by that time had already been the head of the [[Pershing Project Manager's Office]] for more than 5 years, which during his leadership developed two-stage solid fuel [[Mobile launcher vehicle|mobile-launched]] [[ballistic missiles]] with a nuclear warhead both [[Short-range ballistic missile|short]] ([[MGM-31 Pershing|Pershing]]) and [[Medium-range ballistic missile|medium]] ([[Pershing II]]) ranged.<ref>{{Google books|MujM-46YO0MC|Program Manager: The Defense Systems Management College Newsletter. United States of America, Defense Systems Management College, 1981.|keywords="J. Fiorentino"}}</ref> Dr. Billy Tidwell who was program manager during JTACMS while and Acting Program Manager for a short period.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lucas |first1=William |last2=Rhoades |first2=Richard |title=Lessons from army system developments {{!}} Volume II Case Studies |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA517010.pdf |website=apps.dtic.mil |publisher=[[University of Alabama in Huntsville]] {{!}} [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] |access-date=4 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430055145/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA517010.pdf |archive-date=30 April 2022 |date=June 2004 |url-status=live}}</ref>
 In FY 1984 Congress prohibited the development of a nuclear warhead for JTACMS, despite the Army claiming it could place US forces at a disadvantage if it became necessary to make the system nuclear-capable. In FY 1985 the Army denied having R&D funds programmed for the development of a JTACMS nuclear warhead.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ta80o5lxMAsC&dq=JTACMS+Project+manager&pg=PA425 | title=Department of Defense appropriations for fiscal year 1985: Hearings before a subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, Ninety-eighth Congress, second session | date=1984 | publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |pages = 422–425 }}</ref>
-On May, 22th, 1984 the U.S. Army and USAF signed an agreeing on a list of 31 initiatives. Item 18 on that list states  about services will develop a different types of same rocket for each of it – preferences for Army was a development of shorter-ranged  ground-launched system, for air-force – air-launched system.<ref name="auto2">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ta80o5lxMAsC&dq=JTACMS+Project+manager&pg=PA425 | title=Department of Defense appropriations for fiscal year 1985: Hearings before a subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, Ninety-eighth Congress, second session | date=1984 | publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office }}</ref>
+On May, 22nd, 1984 the U.S. Army and USAF signed an agreeing on a list of 31 initiatives. Item 18 on that list states  about services will develop a different types of same rocket for each of it – preferences for Army was a development of shorter-ranged  ground-launched system, for air-force – air-launched system.<ref name="auto2">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ta80o5lxMAsC&dq=JTACMS+Project+manager&pg=PA425 | title=Department of Defense appropriations for fiscal year 1985: Hearings before a subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, Ninety-eighth Congress, second session | date=1984 | publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office }}</ref>
-JTACMS was intended to be a jointly funded program with NATO allies; the [[United Kingdom]], [[Federal Republic of Germany]], [[Belgium]], [[the Netherlands]] and [[Italy]] were initially contacted about joining the program, with the British and Germans expressing interest, while the others declined due to lacking adequate funds.<ref name="auto2"/>
+JTACMS was intended to be a jointly funded program with NATO allies; the [[United Kingdom]], [[Federal Republic of Germany]], [[Belgium]], [[the Netherlands]] and [[Italy]] were initially contacted about joining the program, with the British and Germans expressing interest, while the others declined due to lacking adequate funds.<ref name="auto2" />
 Starting from at least the end of year 1986, the ATACMS program was led by Colonel Thomas J. Kunhart.<ref>{{Google books|hoEEqewyxswC|Army RD & A Magazine.&nbsp;United States,&nbsp;HQ, U.S. Army Materiel Command,&nbsp;1986.|keywords="Kunhart"}}</ref>
@@ Line 128: / Line 126: @@
 === Stockpile upgrades ===
 In January 2015, Lockheed Martin received a contract to develop and test new hardware for Block I ATACMS missiles to eliminate the risk of unexploded ordnance by 2016.<ref name="armyreco8jan15" /><ref name="armedint8jan15" /> The first modernized Tactical Missile System (TACMS) was delivered in September 2016 with updated guidance electronics and added capability to defeat area targets using a unitary warhead, without leaving behind unexploded ordnance.<ref>{{Cite web|date=29 September 2016|title=Lockheed Martin Delivers First Modernized TACMS Missile to US Army|url=http://armyrecognition.com/september_2016_global_defense_security_news_industry/lockheed_martin_delivers_first_modernized_tacms_missile_to_us_army_5290916.html|website=armyrecognition.com|access-date=30 September 2016|archive-date=19 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919031027/http://armyrecognition.com/september_2016_global_defense_security_news_industry/lockheed_martin_delivers_first_modernized_tacms_missile_to_us_army_5290916.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=18 October 2016|title=Precision fires milestone for US Army|url=https://www.military1.com/military-weapons/article/1645199014-precision-fires-milestone-for-us-army/|website=www.military1.com|access-date=19 October 2016|archive-date=19 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019212728/https://www.military1.com/military-weapons/article/1645199014-precision-fires-milestone-for-us-army/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 Lockheed was awarded a production contract for launch assemblies as part of the SLEP in August 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 August 2017|title=Lockheed Martin contracted to provide new launch system for the ATACMS missile|url=https://armyrecognition.com/august_2017_global_defense_security_news_industry/lockheed_martin_new_launch_system_atacms_missiles_80408171.html|website=armyrecognition.com|access-date=4 August 2017|archive-date=11 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111170910/https://armyrecognition.com/august_2017_global_defense_security_news_industry/lockheed_martin_new_launch_system_atacms_missiles_80408171.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
@@ Line 136: / Line 133: @@
 === Replacement ===
-Starting in 2016, in view of some lagging in the world arms race, where ATACMS had become outdated, [[Field Artillery Branch (United States)#Long Range Precision Fires (LRPF) CFT|Long-Range Precision Fires]] (LRPF) began to be developed,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://breakingdefense.com/2016/04/winning-the-missile-wars-army-navy-tech-in-hasc-ndaa/ | title=Winning the Missile Wars: Army & Navy Tech in HASC NDAA | date=26 April 2016 }}</ref> which was later renamed [[Precision Strike Missile]] (PrSM), with the idea of replacing ATACMS missiles with the "Increment 1" phase (version) of PrSM.<ref name="Turner" /><ref>{{cite web |last1=Hoehn |first1=John |title=Precision-Guided Munitions: Background and Issues for Congress |url=https://sgp.fas.org/crs/weapons/R45996.pdf |publisher=[[Congressional Research Service]] |access-date=25 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909072226/https://sgp.fas.org/crs/weapons/R45996.pdf |archive-date=9 September 2021 |date=11 June 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.lockheedmartin.com/en-us/products/precision-strike-missile.html | title=Precision Strike Missile (PRSM) }}</ref>
+Starting in 2016, the [[Field Artillery Branch (United States)#Long Range Precision Fires (LRPF) CFT|Long-Range Precision Fires]] (LRPF) program began to be developed,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://breakingdefense.com/2016/04/winning-the-missile-wars-army-navy-tech-in-hasc-ndaa/ | title=Winning the Missile Wars: Army & Navy Tech in HASC NDAA | date=26 April 2016 }}</ref> which was later renamed [[Precision Strike Missile]] (PrSM), with the idea of replacing ATACMS missiles with the "Increment 1" phase (version) of PrSM.<ref name="Turner" /><ref>{{cite web |last1=Hoehn |first1=John |title=Precision-Guided Munitions: Background and Issues for Congress |url=https://sgp.fas.org/crs/weapons/R45996.pdf |publisher=[[Congressional Research Service]] |access-date=25 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909072226/https://sgp.fas.org/crs/weapons/R45996.pdf |archive-date=9 September 2021 |date=11 June 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.lockheedmartin.com/en-us/products/precision-strike-missile.html | title=Precision Strike Missile (PRSM) }}</ref>
-That exact replacement began to fill the [[U.S. Army]] in late 2023.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://breakingdefense.com/2023/12/lockheed-begins-delivering-prsm-inc-1-to-army/ | title=Lockheed begins delivering long-range PRSM Increment 1 to Army | date=8 December 2023 }}</ref>
+PrSM Increment 1 missiles began delivery in late 2023.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://breakingdefense.com/2023/12/lockheed-begins-delivering-prsm-inc-1-to-army/ | title=Lockheed begins delivering long-range PRSM Increment 1 to Army | date=8 December 2023 }}</ref>
 == Versions ==
-* '''M39''' (Block I) – missile with [[Inertial navigation system|inertial guidance]]. It carries 950 M74 anti-personnel and anti‑materiel ([[APAM]]<ref name="auto">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rKcb4vahEd0C&dq=SLATACMS&pg=PA110 | isbn=978-0-16-054241-1 | title=Hearings on National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997 – H.R. 3230 and Oversight of Previously Authorized Programs Before the Committee on National Security, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, Second Session: Military Procurement Subcommittee Hearings on Title I – procurement : Hearings Held March 19, 21, 22, 29, 1996 | date=1997 | publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office }}</ref>) bomblets, each about the size of a baseball<ref name="The New York Times 2023 v108">{{cite web |date=2023-10-17 |title=Ukraine Said to Use ATACMS, a Powerful Weapon System, for First Time |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/17/world/europe/ukraine-atacms-attacks-russia.html |access-date=2023-10-19 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> and weighing {{cvt|1.3|lb}},<ref name="FAS M39"/> which are dispersed across a circular area approximately {{convert|677|ft}} in diameter, and effective against parked aircraft, ammunition dumps, air defense systems, and gatherings of personnel, but not against armored vehicles.<ref name="Trevithick Rogoway 2023 y033">{{cite web |last1=Trevithick |first1=Joseph |last2=Rogoway |first2=Tyler |date=2023-10-18 |title=Destruction From Ukraine's First ATACMS Strike Now Apparent |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/destruction-from-ukraines-first-atacms-strike-now-apparent |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231019014146/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/destruction-from-ukraines-first-atacms-strike-now-apparent |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 October 2023 |access-date=2023-10-19 |website=The Drive}}</ref> The size of the affected area can be changed by modifying the height at which the payload is released.<ref name="Newdick 2023 m473">{{cite web | last=Newdick | first=Thomas | title=ATACMS Hits Battlefield Ukraine In Spectacular Fashion (Updated) | website=The Drive | date=2023-10-17 | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/atacms-appears-to-have-hit-battlefield-ukraine-in-spectacular-fashion | access-date=2023-10-19}}</ref> Range of Block I is 25–165&nbsp;km (15-100&nbsp;mi).<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-19 |title=US-supplied ATACMS enter the Ukraine war |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/atacms-us-may-send-ukraine-their-cluster-bomb-payloads-2023-10-19/ |access-date=2023-10-23}}</ref> The M74 has a reported failure rate of 2%.<ref name="Human Rights Watch 2003 d644">{{cite web | title=U.S. Using Cluster Munitions In Iraq | website=Human Rights Watch | date=2003-04-01 | url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2003/04/01/us-using-cluster-munitions-iraq | access-date=2023-10-20}}</ref>
+* '''M39''' (Block I) – missile with [[Inertial navigation system|inertial guidance]]. It carries 950 M74 anti-personnel and anti‑materiel ([[APAM]]<ref name="auto">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rKcb4vahEd0C&dq=SLATACMS&pg=PA110 | isbn=978-0-16-054241-1 | title=Hearings on National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997 – H.R. 3230 and Oversight of Previously Authorized Programs Before the Committee on National Security, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, Second Session: Military Procurement Subcommittee Hearings on Title I – procurement : Hearings Held March 19, 21, 22, 29, 1996 | date=1997 | publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office }}</ref>) bomblets, each about the size of a baseball<ref name="The New York Times 2023 v108">{{cite web |date=2023-10-17 |title=Ukraine Said to Use ATACMS, a Powerful Weapon System, for First Time |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/17/world/europe/ukraine-atacms-attacks-russia.html |access-date=2023-10-19 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> and weighing {{cvt|1.3|lb}},<ref name="FAS M39" /> which are dispersed across a circular area approximately {{convert|677|ft}} in diameter, and effective against parked aircraft, ammunition dumps, air defense systems, and gatherings of personnel, but not against armored vehicles.<ref name="Trevithick Rogoway 2023 y033">{{cite web |last1=Trevithick |first1=Joseph |last2=Rogoway |first2=Tyler |date=2023-10-18 |title=Destruction From Ukraine's First ATACMS Strike Now Apparent |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/destruction-from-ukraines-first-atacms-strike-now-apparent |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231019014146/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/destruction-from-ukraines-first-atacms-strike-now-apparent |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 October 2023 |access-date=2023-10-19 |website=The Drive}}</ref> The size of the affected area can be changed by modifying the height at which the payload is released.<ref name="Newdick 2023 m473">{{cite web | last=Newdick | first=Thomas | title=ATACMS Hits Battlefield Ukraine In Spectacular Fashion (Updated) | website=The Drive | date=2023-10-17 | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/atacms-appears-to-have-hit-battlefield-ukraine-in-spectacular-fashion | access-date=2023-10-19}}</ref> Range of Block I is 25–165&nbsp;km (15-100&nbsp;mi).<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-19 |title=US-supplied ATACMS enter the Ukraine war |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/atacms-us-may-send-ukraine-their-cluster-bomb-payloads-2023-10-19/ |access-date=2023-10-23}}</ref> The M74 has a reported failure rate of 2%.<ref name="Human Rights Watch 2003 d644">{{cite web | title=U.S. Using Cluster Munitions In Iraq | website=Human Rights Watch | date=2003-04-01 | url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2003/04/01/us-using-cluster-munitions-iraq | access-date=2023-10-20}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Lennox |first=Duncan |url=http://archive.org/details/janes-strategic-weapon-systems-issue-38-2003 |title=Jane's strategic weapons systems |date=1989 |publisher=Coulsdon, Surry, Eng. ; Alexandria, VA : Jane's Information Group |isbn=978-0-7106-0880-2}}</ref>
-* '''M39A1''' (Block IA) – missile with GPS-aided guidance. It carries 300 M74 bomblets. There were 610 produced between 1997 and 2003. During Operation Iraqi Freedom, 74 were expended.<ref name="Turner">{{cite web |last1=Engineering Director & Chief Engineer |first1=Paul E. Turner |title=Precision Fires Rocket and Missile Systems |url=https://ndiastorage.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/ndia/2016/armament/Turner.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612183506/https://ndiastorage.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/ndia/2016/armament/Turner.pdf |archive-date=12 June 2022 |access-date=23 June 2022 |publisher=US Army Precision Fires Rocket & Missile Systems Project Office}}</ref><ref name="Marine Corps Gazette">{{cite journal |first=Joe |last=Russo |date=May 2018 |title=Long-Range Precision Fires |url=https://mca-marines.org/wp-content/uploads/0518-Long-Range-Precision-Fires.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Marine Corps Gazette |page=40 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623222155/https://mca-marines.org/wp-content/uploads/0518-Long-Range-Precision-Fires.pdf |archive-date=23 June 2022 |access-date=22 June 2022 }}</ref> As of 2021, the remaining ones were being updated to M57E1 standard.<ref name="MOD">{{cite web |title=Army Tactical Missile System (ATACMS) Modification (MOD) |url=https://www.dote.osd.mil/Portals/97/pub/reports/FY2018/army/2018atacms.pdf?ver=2019-08-21-155806-710 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623212005/https://www.dote.osd.mil/Portals/97/pub/reports/FY2018/army/2018atacms.pdf?ver=2019-08-21-155806-710 |archive-date=23 June 2022 |access-date=23 June 2022 |publisher=The Office of the Director, Operational Test and Evaluation}}</ref><ref name="Keller">{{cite web |last1=Keller |first1=John |date=30 July 2021 |title=Lockheed Martin to upgrade weapons payloads and navigation and guidance on ATACMS battlefield munitions |url=https://www.militaryaerospace.com/sensors/article/14207794/munitions-navigation-and-guidance-payloads |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802085218/https://www.militaryaerospace.com/sensors/article/14207794/munitions-navigation-and-guidance-payloads |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=23 June 2022 |publisher=Military+Aerospace Electronics}}</ref> Range: {{convert|20|–|300|km|mi}}.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-19 |title=US-supplied ATACMS enter the Ukraine war |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/atacms-us-may-send-ukraine-their-cluster-bomb-payloads-2023-10-19/ |access-date=2023-10-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://cat-uxo.com/explosive-hazards/missiles/mgm-140b-m39a1-atacms-missile | title=CAT-UXO – MGM 140b m39a1 atacms missile }}</ref>
+* '''M39A1''' (Block IA) – missile with GPS-aided guidance. It carries 300 M74 bomblets. There were 610 produced between 1997 and 2003. During Operation Iraqi Freedom, 74 were expended.<ref name="Turner">{{cite web |last1=Engineering Director & Chief Engineer |first1=Paul E. Turner |title=Precision Fires Rocket and Missile Systems |url=https://ndiastorage.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/ndia/2016/armament/Turner.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612183506/https://ndiastorage.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/ndia/2016/armament/Turner.pdf |archive-date=12 June 2022 |access-date=23 June 2022 |publisher=US Army Precision Fires Rocket & Missile Systems Project Office}}</ref><ref name="Marine Corps Gazette">{{cite journal |first=Joe |last=Russo |date=May 2018 |title=Long-Range Precision Fires |url=https://mca-marines.org/wp-content/uploads/0518-Long-Range-Precision-Fires.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Marine Corps Gazette |page=40 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623222155/https://mca-marines.org/wp-content/uploads/0518-Long-Range-Precision-Fires.pdf |archive-date=23 June 2022 |access-date=22 June 2022 }}</ref> As of 2021, the remaining ones were being updated to M57E1 standard.<ref name="MOD">{{cite web |title=Army Tactical Missile System (ATACMS) Modification (MOD) |url=https://www.dote.osd.mil/Portals/97/pub/reports/FY2018/army/2018atacms.pdf?ver=2019-08-21-155806-710 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623212005/https://www.dote.osd.mil/Portals/97/pub/reports/FY2018/army/2018atacms.pdf?ver=2019-08-21-155806-710 |archive-date=23 June 2022 |access-date=23 June 2022 |publisher=The Office of the Director, Operational Test and Evaluation}}</ref><ref name="Keller">{{cite web |last1=Keller |first1=John |date=30 July 2021 |title=Lockheed Martin to upgrade weapons payloads and navigation and guidance on ATACMS battlefield munitions |url=https://www.militaryaerospace.com/sensors/article/14207794/munitions-navigation-and-guidance-payloads |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802085218/https://www.militaryaerospace.com/sensors/article/14207794/munitions-navigation-and-guidance-payloads |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=23 June 2022 |publisher=Military+Aerospace Electronics}}</ref> Range: {{convert|20|–|300|km|mi}}.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-19 |title=US-supplied ATACMS enter the Ukraine war |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/atacms-us-may-send-ukraine-their-cluster-bomb-payloads-2023-10-19/ |access-date=2023-10-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://cat-uxo.com/explosive-hazards/missiles/mgm-140b-m39a1-atacms-missile | title=CAT-UXO – MGM 140b m39a1 atacms missile }}</ref><ref name=":0" />
-* '''M39A2''' (Block II) missile used to dispense [[Brilliant Anti-Tank|Brilliant Anti-armour Technology]] (BAT) submunitions. Has the same INS/GPS guidance system as the M39A1 and carries 13 BAT submunitions in the enlarged warhead section.<ref name="cat-uxo.com">{{cite web | url=https://cat-uxo.com/explosive-hazards/missiles/mgm-140c-m39a2-atacms-missile | title=CAT-UXO – MGM 140c m39a2 atacms missile }}</ref><ref name="popularmechanics.com"/>
+* '''M39A2''' (Block II) missile used to dispense [[Brilliant Anti-Tank|Brilliant Anti-armour Technology]] (BAT) submunitions. Has the same INS/GPS guidance system as the M39A1 and carries 13 BAT submunitions in the enlarged warhead section.<ref name="cat-uxo.com">{{cite web | url=https://cat-uxo.com/explosive-hazards/missiles/mgm-140c-m39a2-atacms-missile | title=CAT-UXO – MGM 140c m39a2 atacms missile }}</ref><ref name="popularmechanics.com" /><ref name=":0" />
-* '''M48''' (Block I/<u>Block 1 Unitary</u>) is a variant of ATACMS Block IA, containing the Quick Reaction Unitary (QRU) warhead.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://cat-uxo.com/explosive-hazards/missiles/mgm-140e-atacms-qru-missile | title=CAT-UXO – MGM 140e atacms qru missile }}</ref> It carries the {{convert|500|lb|kg|adj=on}} WDU-18/B penetrating high explosive blast fragmentation warhead of the Harpoon anti-ship missile, which was packaged into the newly designed WAU-23/B warhead section. There were 176 produced between 2001 and 2004, when production ceased in favor of the M57. Operational since 2002.<ref name="MGM-140 Atacms">{{cite web | url=https://weaponsystems.net/system/469-MGM-140+ATACMS | title=MGM-140 Atacms }}</ref> During Operation Iraqi Freedom, 16 were launched, and a further 42 during [[Operation Enduring Freedom]].<ref name="Turner"/><ref name="Marine Corps Gazette"/> The remaining ones are in the US Army and [[US Marine Corps]]' arsenal. Range: {{convert|70|–|300|km|mi|abbr=on}}.
+* '''M48''' (Block I/<u>Block 1 Unitary</u>) is a variant of ATACMS Block IA, containing the Quick Reaction Unitary (QRU) warhead.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://cat-uxo.com/explosive-hazards/missiles/mgm-140e-atacms-qru-missile | title=CAT-UXO – MGM 140e atacms qru missile }}</ref> It carries the {{convert|500|lb|kg|adj=on}} WDU-18/B penetrating high explosive blast fragmentation warhead of the Harpoon anti-ship missile, which was packaged into the newly designed WAU-23/B warhead section. There were 176 produced between 2001 and 2004, when production ceased in favor of the M57. Operational since 2002.<ref name="MGM-140 Atacms">{{cite web | url=https://weaponsystems.net/system/469-MGM-140+ATACMS | title=MGM-140 Atacms }}</ref> During Operation Iraqi Freedom, 16 were launched, and a further 42 during [[Operation Enduring Freedom]].<ref name="Turner" /><ref name="Marine Corps Gazette" /> The remaining ones are in the US Army and [[US Marine Corps]]' arsenal. Range: {{convert|70|–|300|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref name=":0" />
-* '''M57''' (Block IA/Block 1A Quick Reaction Unitary, '''TACMS 2000''' or '''T2K''') – is, in fact, same missile as M48, with production costs reduced by up to $100,000 per missile via the "TACMS 2000" program.<ref name="Lockheed Martin MGM-168 ATACMS Bloc">{{cite web | url=https://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-168.html | title=Lockheed Martin MGM-168 ATACMS Block IVA }}</ref> M39A1-based upgraded missile with GPS-aided guidance. It carries the same WAU-23/B warhead section as the M48. There were 513 produced between 2004 and 2013.<ref name="Turner"/><ref name="Marine Corps Gazette"/>  Accuracy is {{cvt|9|m|ft}} [[Circular error probable|CEP]] (Circular Error Probable). Range: {{convert|70|–|300|km|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|last=Pincoski|first=Mark|title=Precision Guided Missiles and Rockets Program Review|date=24 April 2007|work=Precision Strike Annual Programs Review|publisher=US Army Precision Fires Rocket & Missile Systems unit- Redstone Arsenal|access-date=28 July 2022|url=https://ndiastorage.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/ndia/2007/psa_apr/pincoski.pdf|archive-date=29 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729034349/https://ndiastorage.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/ndia/2007/psa_apr/pincoski.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
+* '''M57''' (Block IA/Block 1A Quick Reaction Unitary, '''TACMS 2000''' or '''T2K''') – is, in fact, same missile as M48, with production costs reduced by up to $100,000 per missile via the "TACMS 2000" program.<ref name="Lockheed Martin MGM-168 ATACMS Bloc">{{cite web | url=https://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-168.html | title=Lockheed Martin MGM-168 ATACMS Block IVA }}</ref> M39A1-based upgraded missile with GPS-aided guidance. It carries the same WAU-23/B warhead section as the M48. There were 513 produced between 2004 and 2013.<ref name="Turner" /><ref name="Marine Corps Gazette" />  Accuracy is {{cvt|9|m|ft}} [[Circular error probable|CEP]] (Circular Error Probable). Range: {{convert|70|–|300|km|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|last=Pincoski|first=Mark|title=Precision Guided Missiles and Rockets Program Review|date=24 April 2007|work=Precision Strike Annual Programs Review|publisher=US Army Precision Fires Rocket & Missile Systems unit- Redstone Arsenal|access-date=28 July 2022|url=https://ndiastorage.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/ndia/2007/psa_apr/pincoski.pdf|archive-date=29 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729034349/https://ndiastorage.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/ndia/2007/psa_apr/pincoski.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
-* ''M57E1'' ('''ATACMS MOD''' or '''MOD''' [modification, modified]) – upgraded M39 and M39A1 with re-grained motor, updated navigation and guidance software and hardware, and a WAU-23/B warhead section instead of the M74 bomblets. This variant includes a proximity sensor for [[Air burst|airburst]] detonation.<ref name="MOD"/> Production commenced in 2017 with an initial order for 220.<ref name="Turner"/><ref name="Marine Corps Gazette"/>
+* ''M57E1'' ('''ATACMS MOD''' or '''MOD''' [modification, modified]) – upgraded M39 and M39A1 with re-grained motor, updated navigation and guidance software and hardware, and a WAU-23/B warhead section instead of the M74 bomblets. This variant includes a proximity sensor for [[Air burst|airburst]] detonation.<ref name="MOD" /> Production commenced in 2017 with an initial order for 220.<ref name="Turner" /><ref name="Marine Corps Gazette" />
 * '''NATACMS''' – a ship-launched ATACMS variant for the U.S. Navy, was under development in the 1990s and was tested twice in early 1995: first from the ground at the [[White Sands Missile Range]], and then from the flight deck of {{USS|Mount Vernon|LSD-39}} using a modified Army [[M270]] tracked vehicle at a target 75 [[nautical mile]]s (86&nbsp;mi) distant on [[San Clemente Island]] off [[Southern California]]. The last testing missile carried 730 Mk 74 (probably meaning [[#Notes|M74]] munition) submunitions. Despite all test objectives being met, or even exceeded, development was later cancelled for unknown reasons.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://sains.sindonews.com/read/1248849/768/spesifikasi-rudal-balistik-mgm-140-atacms-yang-bikin-rusia-ketar-ketir-1699672273/10 | title=Spesifikasi Rudal Balistik MGM-140 ATACMS yang Bikin Rusia Ketar-ketir }}</ref><ref name="Lockheed Martin MGM-140 ATACMS">{{cite web | url=https://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-140.html | title=Lockheed Martin MGM-140 ATACMS }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=T. Morgan |first=Clarence |date=October 1996 |title=The Fix Is In: Fire Support Returns |url=https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1996/october/fix-fire-support-returns |website=usni.org}}</ref>
-* '''SLATACMS''' – A projected Sea-Launched ATACMS variant of the Army Block IA missile for undersea operations with a maximum launch depth limit of 175 feet, identical warhead,<ref name="auto1">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-quiY-lIbSoC&dq=Sea+Launch+ATACMS&pg=PA132 | title=Department of Defense Authorization for Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1997 and the Future Years Defense Program: Hearings Before the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourth Congress, Second Session, on S. 1745, Authorizing Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1997 for Military Activities of the Department of Defense, for Military Construction, and for Defense Activities of the Department of Energy, to Prescribe Personnel Strengths for Such Fiscal Year for the Armed Forces, and for Other Purposes | date=1997 | publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office }}</ref> same diameter and only dimensional changes of length from 156.5" to 199", for fins to be folded within a smaller envelope and the addition of a fin module, which had to be jettisoned after broach and before motor ignition, behind the boattail for stability during underwater flight, – to fit primarily within the most advanced (688i, FLTIII/Flight III) design of [[Los Angeles-class]] [[submarine]] [[vertical launching system]] (VLS) capsules, having 12 of such ones onboard. Its history began when [[USN]] Strategic System Program Office authorized a study in June 1995<ref name="auto1"/> to evaluate undersea [[cold launch]] capability of MGM-140A from submarines. However, on the Hearings on National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997 held on March, 1996, become known that [[USN]] plan to use not only APAM but also a BAT (Brilliant Anti-Tank) munitions payload,<ref name="auto"/> and when [[Lockheed Martin]] presented SLATACMS press-release at August, 1996, there was already described Block IA missile as a base modification specimen for the SLATACMS. Choosing a submarine VLS as the appropriate launcher, that was designed by default for [[Tomahawk (missile family)|Tomahawk]] missile, which have ~x1,5 length of SLATACMS, exclusively, had led to the creation of a unique combined missile and launch capsule as an all-up-round (AUR) or SLATACMS AUR, which with SLATACMS inside fits the submarine's Tomahawk-designed VLS.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Laughlin |first1=J.P. |last2=Brooks |first2=W.B. |title=Adaption of the Army Tactical Missile System to Undersea Operations |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA318774.pdf |website=apps.dtic.mil |publisher=[[Lockheed Martin]] |access-date=27 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803062611/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA318774.pdf |archive-date=3 August 2023 |date=2 December 1956 |url-status=live}}</ref>
+* '''SLATACMS''' – a projected Sea-Launched ATACMS variant of the Army Block IA missile for undersea operations with a maximum launch depth limit of 175 feet, identical warhead,<ref name="auto1">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-quiY-lIbSoC&dq=Sea+Launch+ATACMS&pg=PA132 | title=Department of Defense Authorization for Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1997 and the Future Years Defense Program: Hearings Before the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourth Congress, Second Session, on S. 1745, Authorizing Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1997 for Military Activities of the Department of Defense, for Military Construction, and for Defense Activities of the Department of Energy, to Prescribe Personnel Strengths for Such Fiscal Year for the Armed Forces, and for Other Purposes | date=1997 | publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office }}</ref> same diameter and only dimensional changes of length from 156.5" to 199", for fins to be folded within a smaller envelope and the addition of a fin module, which had to be jettisoned after broach and before motor ignition, behind the boattail for stability during underwater flight, – to fit primarily within the most advanced (688i, FLTIII/Flight III) design of [[Los Angeles-class]] [[submarine]] [[vertical launching system]] (VLS) capsules, having 12 of such ones onboard. Its history began when [[USN]] Strategic System Program Office authorized a study in June 1995<ref name="auto1" /> to evaluate undersea [[cold launch]] capability of MGM-140A from submarines. However, on the Hearings on National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997 held on March, 1996, become known that [[USN]] plan to use not only APAM but also a BAT (Brilliant Anti-Tank) munitions payload,<ref name="auto" /> and when [[Lockheed Martin]] presented SLATACMS press-release at August, 1996, there was already described Block IA missile as a base modification specimen for the SLATACMS. Choosing a submarine VLS as the appropriate launcher, that was designed by default for [[Tomahawk (missile family)|Tomahawk]] missile, which have ~x1,5 length of SLATACMS, exclusively, had led to the creation of a unique combined missile and launch capsule as an all-up-round (AUR) or SLATACMS AUR, which with SLATACMS inside fits the submarine's Tomahawk-designed VLS.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Laughlin |first1=J.P. |last2=Brooks |first2=W.B. |title=Adaption of the Army Tactical Missile System to Undersea Operations |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA318774.pdf |website=apps.dtic.mil |publisher=[[Lockheed Martin]] |access-date=27 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803062611/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA318774.pdf |archive-date=3 August 2023 |date=2 December 1956 |url-status=live}}</ref>
 === Comparison ===
@@ Line 175: / Line 172: @@
 | colspan=4 | {{cvt|610|mm|in}}
 |-
-! [[Missile guidance|Guidance<br/>type]]
+! [[Missile guidance|Guidance<br />type]]
 |  [[Inertial navigation system|INS]]
 | colspan=3  | [[GPS]] aided [[Inertial navigation system|INS]]
@@ Line 185: / Line 182: @@
 | colspan=2  | WAU-23/B unitary warhead
 |-
-! Warhead<br/>weight
+! Warhead<br />weight
 |  {{cvt|591|kg|lb}}
 |  {{cvt|174|kg|lb}}
@@ Line 216: / Line 213: @@
 == Operation ==
+The ATACMS was first used in combat in 1991: 32 were fired from the [[M270 MLRS]] during [[Operation Desert Storm]].<ref>[Source, DoD, ''Conduct of the Persian Gulf War'', April 1992, p. 753.]</ref> In 2003, more than 450 were fired in [[Operation Iraqi Freedom]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Lockheed Martin – Army Tactical Missile System|url=http://www.lockheedmartin.com/data/assets/12818.pdf|publisher=Lockheed Martin|year=2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927134611/http://www.lockheedmartin.com/data/assets/12818.pdf|archive-date=27 September 2011}}</ref> By early 2015, more than 560 ATACMS missiles had been used in combat.<ref name="armyreco8jan15" /><ref name="armedint8jan15" />
-The ATACMS was first used in combat in 1991: 32 were fired from the [[M270 MLRS]] during [[Operation Desert Storm]].<ref>[Source, DoD, ''Conduct of the Persian Gulf War'', April 1992, p. 753.]</ref> In 2003, more than 450 were fired in [[Operation Iraqi Freedom]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Lockheed Martin – Army Tactical Missile System|url=http://www.lockheedmartin.com/data/assets/12818.pdf|publisher=Lockheed Martin|year=2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927134611/http://www.lockheedmartin.com/data/assets/12818.pdf|archive-date=27 September 2011}}</ref> By early 2015, more than 560 ATACMS missiles had been used in combat.<ref name="armyreco8jan15" /><ref name="armedint8jan15" />
+=== During Russian invasion of Ukraine ===
+{{main article|Russian invasion of Ukraine}}
-Starting from October 2023 [[Ukraine]] began using the earliest (short-ranged) versions of ATACMS during the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]].<ref name="Court 2023 l481">{{cite web | last=Court | first=Elsa | title=NYT: US delivered 20 ATACMS to Ukraine | website=Yahoo News | date=2023-10-18 | url=https://news.yahoo.com/nyt-us-delivered-20-atacms-085420724.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018132859/https://news.yahoo.com/nyt-us-delivered-20-atacms-085420724.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=18 October 2023 | access-date=2023-10-19}}</ref> These missiles were meant to threaten the Russian-occupied "land corridor" to Crimea in the southern part of Ukraine<ref name="Brennan 2023 i217">{{cite web | last=Brennan | first=David | title=Ukraine cluster rockets can "shut down" Putin's Crimea bridges: Ex-Adviser | website=Newsweek | date=2023-08-26 | url=https://www.newsweek.com/ukraine-cluster-rockets-shut-down-crimea-bridges-1822499 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826081816/https://www.newsweek.com/ukraine-cluster-rockets-shut-down-crimea-bridges-1822499 | url-status=dead | archive-date=26 August 2023 | access-date=2023-10-20}}</ref> as well as the vast majority of the Russian-operated air bases in the north of [[Crimea]], which would theoretically complicate Russia's use of [[attack helicopters]] from those bases against Ukrainian targets.<ref name="Forbes 101723">{{Cite news |author=David Axe |date=17 October 2023 |title=Ukraine's New M39 Missiles Each Scatters A Thousand Submunitions. Now Every Russian Base in Ukraine Is A Target. |work=Forbes |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2023/10/17/ukraines-new-m39-missiles-each-scatter-a-thousand-submunitions-now-every-russian-base-in-ukraine-is-a-target/?sh=4c8fafd051de}}</ref> The first recorded Ukrainian ATACMS strikes destroyed numerous Russian Military helicopters on the ground, confirmed by satellite imagery and video from the ground.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.twz.com/destruction-from-ukraines-first-atacms-strike-now-apparent | title=Destruction from Ukraine's First ATACMS Strike Now Apparent | date=18 October 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/aviation/a45646309/ukraine-us-atacms-missiles-blow-up-russia-ka-52-attack-helicopters/ | title=Helipocalypse: Ukraine's New Missiles Blew up 11% of Russia's Ka-52 Attack Helicopters | date=31 October 2023 }}</ref>
+Starting from October 2023 [[Ukraine]] began using the earliest (short-ranged) versions of ATACMS during the [[Russia|Russian]] invasion of Ukraine.<ref name="Court 2023 l481">{{cite web | last=Court | first=Elsa | title=NYT: US delivered 20 ATACMS to Ukraine | website=Yahoo News | date=2023-10-18 | url=https://news.yahoo.com/nyt-us-delivered-20-atacms-085420724.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018132859/https://news.yahoo.com/nyt-us-delivered-20-atacms-085420724.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=18 October 2023 | access-date=2023-10-19}}</ref> These missiles were meant to threaten the Russian-occupied "land corridor" to [[Crimea]] in the southern part of Ukraine<ref name="Brennan 2023 i217">{{cite web | last=Brennan | first=David | title=Ukraine cluster rockets can "shut down" Putin's Crimea bridges: Ex-Adviser | website=Newsweek | date=2023-08-26 | url=https://www.newsweek.com/ukraine-cluster-rockets-shut-down-crimea-bridges-1822499 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826081816/https://www.newsweek.com/ukraine-cluster-rockets-shut-down-crimea-bridges-1822499 | url-status=dead | archive-date=26 August 2023 | access-date=2023-10-20}}</ref> as well as the vast majority of the Russian-operated air bases in the north of Crimea, which would theoretically complicate Russia's use of [[attack helicopters]] from those bases against Ukrainian targets.<ref name="Forbes 101723">{{Cite news |author=David Axe |date=17 October 2023 |title=Ukraine's New M39 Missiles Each Scatters A Thousand Submunitions. Now Every Russian Base in Ukraine Is A Target. |work=Forbes |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2023/10/17/ukraines-new-m39-missiles-each-scatter-a-thousand-submunitions-now-every-russian-base-in-ukraine-is-a-target/?sh=4c8fafd051de}}</ref> The first recorded Ukrainian ATACMS strikes destroyed numerous Russian Military helicopters on the ground, confirmed by satellite imagery and video from the ground.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.twz.com/destruction-from-ukraines-first-atacms-strike-now-apparent | title=Destruction from Ukraine's First ATACMS Strike Now Apparent | date=18 October 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/aviation/a45646309/ukraine-us-atacms-missiles-blow-up-russia-ka-52-attack-helicopters/ | title=Helipocalypse: Ukraine's New Missiles Blew up 11% of Russia's Ka-52 Attack Helicopters | date=31 October 2023 }}</ref>
-Starting from 19 February 2024 there were rumors about possible near-future use of later (longer-ranged) versions of ATACMS by Ukraine,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-19 |title=Biden administration is leaning toward supplying Ukraine with long-range missiles |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/investigations/biden-administration-leaning-supplying-ukraine-long-range-missiles-rcna139394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219120208/https://www.nbcnews.com/investigations/biden-administration-leaning-supplying-ukraine-long-range-missiles-rcna139394 |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 February 2024 |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> which were shortly proven correct when an ATACMS missile attack on the Russian-occupied [[Dzhankoi (air base)|Dzhankoi air base]] resulted in six main explosions and several reported [[Sympathetic detonation#Military|secondary explosions]]. The base was positioned much further than earlier versions of ATACMS' strike range from Ukraine-controlled territory.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.kyivpost.com/analysis/31255 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417122115/https://www.kyivpost.com/analysis/31255 |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 April 2024 |title= ANALYSIS: Ukrainian Long-Range Missile Strike Hammers Russian Airfield in Crimea, Maybe ATACMS |work= [[Kyiv Post]] |author= Stefan Korshak |date=17 April 2024}}</ref> It was then officially confirmed when U.S. officials revealed Ukraine had already received and deployed the missiles to a combat-ready status a month prior.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rules.house.gov/bill/118/hr-8035|title=H.R. 8035 – Ukraine Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024|date=16 April 2024|website=House of Representatives Committee on Rules}}</ref><ref>tagesschau.de 21. April 2024: [https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/amerika/us-hilfen-ukraine-104.html ''Waffen könnten nun schnell geliefert werden'']</ref><ref name="apnews.com">{{Cite web |date=2024-04-24 |title=Ukraine uses long-range missiles secretly provided by US to hit Russian-held areas, officials say |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-war-long-range-missiles-4d2254639eb5a503d8b0a291ed0680e9 |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=US quietly shipped long-range ATACMS missiles Ukraine |date=2024-04-24 |website=[[Reuters]] |url=http://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-quietly-shipped-long-range-atacms-missiles-ukraine-2024-04-24/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424224200/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-quietly-shipped-long-range-atacms-missiles-ukraine-2024-04-24/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 April 2024 }}</ref><ref>[https://www.defenseone.com/threats/2024/04/us-will-continue-provide-atacms-ukraine-national-security-advisor-says/396104/ US will ‘continue to provide' ATACMS to Ukraine, national security advisor says]. ''Defense One''. 25 April 2024.</ref><ref>[https://breakingdefense.com/2024/04/sullivan-says-ukraine-supplemental-should-cover-all-of-2024-long-range-atacms-now-in-ukraine/ Sullivan says Ukraine supplemental should cover all of 2024, long-range ATACMS now in Ukraine]. ''Breaking Defense''. 24 April 2024.</ref> These strikes with longer-range ATACMS deeper into Crimea destroyed components of Russian air defense systems, such as launchers part of the S-300 or S-400, along with destroying Russian Military aircraft on the ground, such as two MiG-31 interceptors, confirmed by satellite and ground imagery.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://mil.in.ua/en/articles/atacms-in-action-three-months-of-destroying-russian-air-defense-in-ukraine/ | title=ATACMS in Action: Three Months of Destroying Russian Air Defense in Ukraine }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.twz.com/news-features/mig-31-foxhounds-confirmed-destroyed-in-new-imagery-of-belbek-air-base | title=MiG-31 Foxhounds Confirmed Destroyed in New Imagery of Belbek Air Base | date=16 May 2024 }}</ref>
+Starting from 19 February 2024 there were rumors about possible near-future use of later (longer-ranged) versions of ATACMS by Ukraine,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-19 |title=Biden administration is leaning toward supplying Ukraine with long-range missiles |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/investigations/biden-administration-leaning-supplying-ukraine-long-range-missiles-rcna139394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219120208/https://www.nbcnews.com/investigations/biden-administration-leaning-supplying-ukraine-long-range-missiles-rcna139394 |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 February 2024 |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> which were shortly proven correct when an ATACMS missile attack on the Russian-occupied [[Dzhankoi (air base)|Dzhankoi air base]] resulted in six main explosions and several reported [[Sympathetic detonation#Military|secondary explosions]]. The base was positioned much further than earlier versions of ATACMS' strike range from Ukraine-controlled territory.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.kyivpost.com/analysis/31255 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417122115/https://www.kyivpost.com/analysis/31255 |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 April 2024 |title= ANALYSIS: Ukrainian Long-Range Missile Strike Hammers Russian Airfield in Crimea, Maybe ATACMS |work= [[Kyiv Post]] |author= Stefan Korshak |date=17 April 2024}}</ref> It was then officially confirmed when U.S. officials revealed Ukraine had already received and deployed the missiles to a combat-ready status a month prior.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rules.house.gov/bill/118/hr-8035|title=H.R. 8035 – Ukraine Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024|date=16 April 2024|website=House of Representatives Committee on Rules}}</ref><ref>tagesschau.de 21. April 2024: [https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/amerika/us-hilfen-ukraine-104.html ''Waffen könnten nun schnell geliefert werden'']</ref><ref name="apnews.com">{{Cite web |date=2024-04-24 |title=Ukraine uses long-range missiles secretly provided by US to hit Russian-held areas, officials say |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-war-long-range-missiles-4d2254639eb5a503d8b0a291ed0680e9 |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=US quietly shipped long-range ATACMS missiles Ukraine |date=2024-04-24 |website=[[Reuters]] |url=http://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-quietly-shipped-long-range-atacms-missiles-ukraine-2024-04-24/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424224200/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-quietly-shipped-long-range-atacms-missiles-ukraine-2024-04-24/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 April 2024 }}</ref><ref>[https://www.defenseone.com/threats/2024/04/us-will-continue-provide-atacms-ukraine-national-security-advisor-says/396104/ US will ‘continue to provide' ATACMS to Ukraine, national security advisor says]. ''Defense One''. 25 April 2024.</ref><ref>[https://breakingdefense.com/2024/04/sullivan-says-ukraine-supplemental-should-cover-all-of-2024-long-range-atacms-now-in-ukraine/ Sullivan says Ukraine supplemental should cover all of 2024, long-range ATACMS now in Ukraine]. ''Breaking Defense''. 24 April 2024.</ref> These strikes with longer-range ATACMS deeper into Crimea destroyed components of Russian air defense systems, such as launchers part of the [[S-300 missile system|S-300]] or [[S-400 missile system|S-400]], along with destroying Russian Military aircraft on the ground, such as two MiG-31 interceptors, confirmed by satellite and ground imagery.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://mil.in.ua/en/articles/atacms-in-action-three-months-of-destroying-russian-air-defense-in-ukraine/ | title=ATACMS in Action: Three Months of Destroying Russian Air Defense in Ukraine }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.twz.com/news-features/mig-31-foxhounds-confirmed-destroyed-in-new-imagery-of-belbek-air-base | title=MiG-31 Foxhounds Confirmed Destroyed in New Imagery of Belbek Air Base | date=16 May 2024 }}</ref>
 ATACMS has shown an ability to destroy air defense sites, and was used to destroy an active Russian S-300 or S-400 site. Drone footage showed the air defense system launching interceptors before the cluster submunitions of ATACMS impacted, causing numerous detonations of air defense system components such as launchers.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.twz.com/news-features/atacms-obliterates-russian-air-defense-system-as-it-desperately-tries-to-defend-itself | title=ATACMS Obliterates Russian Air Defense System as It Desperately Tries to Defend Itself | date=24 May 2024 }}</ref>
-On 23 June 2024 an incident occurred during an [[June 2024 Sevastopol missile attack|attack on Sevastopol]], where Russian [[Missile defense|air defense missiles]] were fired at multiple ATACMS missiles resulting in explosions that caused 2 to 4 deaths and more than 150 injuries on [[Uchkiivka Beach]], where locals reported that no air raid warning had taken place and therefore people on the beach were not able to evacuate.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/kremlin-blames-us-barbaric-atacms-missile-attack-crimea-2024-06-24/|title=Russia promises retaliation against US for Ukraine strike on Crimea|website=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://news.online.ua/na-pliazi-pid-sevastopolem-vpala-raketa-ppo-rf-je-zagibli-video-880762 | title=Під Севастополем ракета ППО РФ впала на людей на пляжі — відео | date=23 June 2024 }}</ref>
+On 23 June an incident occurred during an [[June 2024 Sevastopol missile attack|attack on Sevastopol]], where Russian [[Missile defense|air defense missiles]] were fired at multiple ATACMS missiles resulting in explosions that caused 4 deaths and more than 150 injuries on {{ill|Uchkuyivka|lt=Uchkuyivka|ru|Учкуевка}} beach, where locals reported that no air raid warning had taken place and therefore people on the beach were not able to evacuate.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Antonov |first1=Dmitry |last2=Faulconbridge |first2=Guy |last3=Faulconbridge |first3=Guy |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/kremlin-blames-us-barbaric-atacms-missile-attack-crimea-2024-06-24/|title=Russia promises retaliation against US for Ukraine strike on Crimea|website=Reuters |date=24 June 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://news.online.ua/na-pliazi-pid-sevastopolem-vpala-raketa-ppo-rf-je-zagibli-video-880762 | title=Під Севастополем ракета ППО РФ впала на людей на пляжі — відео | date=23 June 2024 }}</ref>
-In September 2024 Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]] threatened retaliation for [[Attacks in Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine|attacks on Russian territory]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Putin's nuclear red line: Does he actually mean it? |url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/defence-and-security/news/putins-nuclear-read-line-does-he-actually-mean-it/ |work=[[Euractiv]] |date=27 September 2024}}</ref> Experts said Putin's threats are aimed at dissuading the United States, the United Kingdom and France from allowing Ukraine to use Western-supplied long-range missiles such as the [[Storm Shadow]] and ATACMS in strikes against Russia.<ref>{{cite news |title=Putin lowers bar for nuclear strike amid Ukraine attacks: Why it matters |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/9/26/putin-lowers-bar-for-nuclear-strike-amid-ukraine-attacks-why-it-matters |work=Al Jazeera |date=26 September 2024}}</ref>
+In September Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]] threatened retaliation for [[Attacks in Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine|attacks on Russian territory]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Putin's nuclear red line: Does he actually mean it? |url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/defence-and-security/news/putins-nuclear-read-line-does-he-actually-mean-it/ |work=[[Euractiv]] |date=27 September 2024}}</ref> Experts said Putin's threats are aimed at dissuading the United States, the United Kingdom and France from allowing Ukraine to use Western-supplied long-range missiles such as the [[Storm Shadow]] and ATACMS in strikes against Russia.<ref>{{cite news |title=Putin lowers bar for nuclear strike amid Ukraine attacks: Why it matters |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/9/26/putin-lowers-bar-for-nuclear-strike-amid-ukraine-attacks-why-it-matters |work=Al Jazeera |date=26 September 2024}}</ref>
-On 17 November 2024 the United States changed policy, allowing Ukraine to use  ATACMS for military targets inside mainland Russia.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nakashima |first=Ellen |date=2024-11-17 |title=Biden approves Ukraine's use of long-range U.S. weapons inside Russia, reversing policy |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2024/11/17/ukraine-russia-north-korea-atacms/ |access-date=2024-11-17 |newspaper=Washington Post }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Trump allies make WW3 warning over Biden missile move in Ukraine |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cdrdmkxy7xmo |work=BBc News |date=18 November 2024}}</ref>
+On 17 November the United States changed policy, allowing Ukraine to use ATACMS for military targets inside mainland Russia.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nakashima |first=Ellen |date=2024-11-17 |title=Biden approves Ukraine's use of long-range U.S. weapons inside Russia, reversing policy |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2024/11/17/ukraine-russia-north-korea-atacms/ |access-date=2024-11-17 |newspaper=Washington Post }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Trump allies make WW3 warning over Biden missile move in Ukraine |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cdrdmkxy7xmo |work=BBc News |date=18 November 2024}}</ref> On 19 November, ATACMS were for the first time fired at a target within the internationally recognized borders of Russia. An ammunition storage facility was destroyed in the Bryansk region of Russia, with videos of explosions and fires on the ground at the site emerging.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.twz.com/land/u-s-supplied-atacms-missile-strike-inside-russia-have-begun|title=U.S.-Supplied ATACMS Missile Strike Inside Russia Have Begun|first=Thomas|last=Newdick|date=19 November 2024|website=The War Zone}}</ref> On 25 November, ATACMS were used to hit a Russian S-400 air defense system at an airbase in the [[Kursk Oblast|Kursk]] region of Russia. Video emerged of ATACMS cluster munitions hitting the airbase, and imagery emerged of a destroyed 92N6E radar station of the S-400 system.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.twz.com/news-features/atacms-hit-air-field-in-russia-for-the-first-time|title=ATACMS Hit Airfield In Russia For The First Time|first=Howard|last=Altman|date=25 November 2024|website=The War Zone}}</ref>
-On 19 November 2024, ATACMS were for the first time fired at a target within the internationally recognized borders of Russia. An ammunition storage facility was destroyed in the Bryansk region of Russia, with videos of explosions and fires on the ground at the site emerging.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.twz.com/land/u-s-supplied-atacms-missile-strike-inside-russia-have-begun|title=U.S.-Supplied ATACMS Missile Strike Inside Russia Have Begun|first=Thomas|last=Newdick|date=19 November 2024|website=The War Zone}}</ref>
-On 25 November 2024, ATACMS were used to hit a Russian S-400 air defense system at an airbase in the Kursk region of Russia. Video emerged of ATACMS cluster munitions hitting the airbase, and imagery emerged of a destroyed 92N6E radar station of the S-400 system.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.twz.com/news-features/atacms-hit-air-field-in-russia-for-the-first-time|title=ATACMS Hit Airfield In Russia For The First Time|first=Howard|last=Altman|date=25 November 2024|website=The War Zone}}</ref>
-=== EW vs usability ===
+==== EW vs usability ====
 The ATACMS uses multiple inertial navigation units knitted together with software, so it is reportedly able to maintain accuracy when GPS is lost due to [[electronic warfare]] better than other GPS-guided weapons.<ref>[https://breakingdefense.com/2024/05/taking-aim-army-leaders-ponder-mix-of-precision-munitions-vs-conventional/ Taking aim: Army leaders ponder mix of precision munitions vs conventional]. ''Breaking Defense''. 10 May 2024.</ref>
-=== Reverse engineering ===
+==== Reverse engineering ====
+On 1 July 2024, Russia claimed to have recovered an ATACMS missile guidance system intact, and stated that Russian officials are studying the guidance system to "identify any weak spots".<ref>{{cite news |title=Russia is studying an intact U.S. ATACMS missile guidance system, says RIA |url= https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russia-is-studying-an-intact-us-atacms-missile-guidance-system-says-ria-2024-07-01/#:~:text=July%201%20(Reuters)%20%2D%20Russian,news%20agency%20said%20on%20Monday.|access-date=3 July 2024 |publisher=Reuters |author= Andrew Osborn |date=1 July 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
-On July 1, 2024 Russia claimed to have recovered an ATACMS missile guidance system intact, and stated that Russian officials are studying the guidance system to "identify any weak spots".<ref>{{cite news |title=Russia is studying an intact U.S. ATACMS missile guidance system, says RIA |url= https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russia-is-studying-an-intact-us-atacms-missile-guidance-system-says-ria-2024-07-01/#:~:text=July%201%20(Reuters)%20%2D%20Russian,news%20agency%20said%20on%20Monday.|access-date=3 July 2024 |publisher=Reuters |author= Andrew Osborn |date=1 July 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
 == Operators ==
@@ Line 247: / Line 240: @@
 {{legend|#FF6600|Future}}]]
+* {{AUS}}: In May 2022, the US [[Defense Security Cooperation Agency|DSCA]] approved a sale to Australia of 20 [[M142 HIMARS]] launchers for the [[Australian Army]] with 10 M57 ATACMS unitary rockets and other MLRS munitions in a US$385 million contract.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Australia – HIMARS launchers |url=https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/australia-himars-launchers |website=Defense Security Cooperation Agency |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526191948/https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/australia-himars-launchers |archive-date=26 May 2022 |date=26 May 2022 |id=22-88 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In August 2023, the DSCA approved a sale of an additional 22 M142 HIMARS and related equipment for an estimated cost of US$975 million.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Australia – M142 High Mobility Artillery Rocket Systems (HIMARS) |url=https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/australia-m142-high-mobility-artillery-rocket-systems-himars |website=Defense Security Cooperation Agency |date=18 August 2023 |id=23-59 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818231023/https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/australia-m142-high-mobility-artillery-rocket-systems-himars |archive-date=18 August 2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref> On 19 August 2023, the Australian Government announced the purchase of more M142 HIMARS bringing the total number to 42 and also an order for associated munitions.<ref>{{cite press release |author1=Minister for Defence Richard Marles |author2=Minister for Defence Industry Pat Conroy |title=Australia accelerates long-range precision strike capability acquisition |url=https://www.minister.defence.gov.au/media-releases/2023-08-19/australia-accelerates-long-range-precision-strike-capability-acquisition |website=Department of Defence Ministers |publisher=Australian Government |access-date=25 September 2025 |date=19 August 2023}}</ref>
 * {{BHR}}: The [[Royal Bahraini Army]] purchased 30 M39-series ATACMS in 2000 and 110 M57 ATACMS in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bahrain Purchases Lockheed Martin's ATACMS Missiles|url=http://www.lockheedmartin.com/news/press_releases/2000/BahrainPurchasesLockheedMartinSATAC.html|publisher=Lockheed Martin|date=20 December 2000|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112011513/http://www.lockheedmartin.com/news/press_releases/2000/BahrainPurchasesLockheedMartinSATAC.html|archive-date=12 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Arms Sales Notification Bahrain|date=8 November 2018 |url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/11/08/2018-24403/arms-sales-notification|publisher=Defense Security Cooperation Agency, Department of Defense.|access-date=18 October 2022|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502030232/https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/11/08/2018-24403/arms-sales-notification|url-status=live}}</ref>
+* {{EST}}: A request to buy up to 18 M57 ATACMS was approved in July 2022.<ref>{{cite web|title=Estonia – M142 High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS)|url=https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/estonia-m142-high-mobility-artillery-rocket-system-himars|publisher=US Defense Security Cooperation Agency|access-date=18 October 2022|archive-date=10 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210091708/https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/estonia-m142-high-mobility-artillery-rocket-system-himars|url-status=live}}</ref> All were delivered by 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-15 |title=Russia Slams Estonian HIMARS Drill as "Obvious Provocation" in Baltic |url=https://united24media.com/latest-news/russia-slams-estonian-himars-drill-as-obvious-provocation-in-baltic-9897 |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=UNITED24 Media |language=en}}</ref>
 * {{GRC}}: The [[Hellenic Army]] operates the 165&nbsp;km variant.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Worldwide Ballistic Missile Inventories|url=https://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/missiles|access-date=22 July 2021|website=www.armscontrol.org|language=en|archive-date=10 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310143222/https://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/missiles|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Greece|url=http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/who-we-are/global/greece.html|publisher=Lockheed Martin|access-date=6 October 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222100311/http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/who-we-are/global/greece.html|archive-date=22 February 2012}}</ref>
 * {{KOR}}: In 2002, the [[Republic of Korea Army|South Korean Army]] purchased 111 ATACMS Block I and 111 ATACMS Block IA missiles for the M270 MLRS.<ref>{{cite report |title=Survey of Cluster Munition Policy and Practice |publisher=Human Rights Watch |pages=37–38 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G4ZjTL9q2wIC |access-date=29 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Cordesman |first1=Anthony H. |last2=Lin |first2=Aaron |title=The Changing Military Balance in the Koreas and Northeast Asia |date=7 July 2015 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4422-4111-4 |page=301 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jsd5CgAAQBAJ |language=en}}</ref>
@@ Line 256: / Line 251: @@
 * {{UAE}}: The [[United Arab Emirates Army]] acquired 100 M57 ATACMS in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|title=Arms Sales Notification UAE|date=9 October 2014 |url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2014/10/09/2014-24085/36b1-arms-sales-notification|publisher=Defense Security Cooperation Agency, Department of Defense.|access-date=18 October 2022|archive-date=30 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330114924/https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2014/10/09/2014-24085/36b1-arms-sales-notification|url-status=live}}</ref>
 * {{USA}}: The [[United States Army]] and [[United States Marine Corps]] are both ATACMS operators.
-* {{UKR}}: The [[Armed Forces of Ukraine]] operates ATACMS M39 Block I;<ref>{{cite news |title=US-supplied ATACMS enter the Ukraine war |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/atacms-us-may-send-ukraine-their-cluster-bomb-payloads-2023-10-19/ |access-date=25 April 2024 |work=Reuters |date=19 October 2023}}</ref> these were used in combat for the first time on 17 October 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |last3=Luxmoore |first1=Michael R. |last1=Gordon |first2=Nancy A. |last2=Youssef |first3=Matthew |title=WSJ News Exclusive {{!}} Ukraine Fires ATACMS Missiles at Russian Forces for the First Time |url=https://www.wsj.com/world/europe/ukraine-fires-atacms-missile-at-russian-forces-for-the-first-time-3bebcdb1 |access-date=2023-10-17 |newspaper=WSJ |language=en-US}}</ref> The longer range ATACMS with bomblets and unitary warheads were also reportedly supplied and used starting in March 2024.<ref name="apnews.com"/> Ukraine fired several American-supplied longer-range missiles ATACMS into Russia, Ukrainian officials said on 18 November 2024, marking the first time Kyiv used the weapons that way in 1,000 days of war.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-war-1000-days-attack-06002c8c50bfb2fc622f446a8580bc0e |title=Ukraine fires several US-made longer-range missiles into Russia for the first time |last1= Arhirova |first1=Hanna|last2= Novikov |first2= Illia|date=19 November 2024|website=apnews.com |publisher=[[Associated Press]] |access-date=19 November 2024 |quote=}}</ref>
+* {{UKR}}: The [[Armed Forces of Ukraine]] operates ATACMS M39 Block I;<ref>{{cite news |title=US-supplied ATACMS enter the Ukraine war |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/atacms-us-may-send-ukraine-their-cluster-bomb-payloads-2023-10-19/ |access-date=25 April 2024 |work=Reuters |date=19 October 2023}}</ref> these were used in combat for the first time on 17 October 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |last3=Luxmoore |first1=Michael R. |last1=Gordon |first2=Nancy A. |last2=Youssef |first3=Matthew |title=WSJ News Exclusive {{!}} Ukraine Fires ATACMS Missiles at Russian Forces for the First Time |url=https://www.wsj.com/world/europe/ukraine-fires-atacms-missile-at-russian-forces-for-the-first-time-3bebcdb1 |access-date=2023-10-17 |newspaper=WSJ |language=en-US}}</ref> The longer range ATACMS with bomblets and unitary warheads were also reportedly supplied and used starting in March 2024.<ref name="apnews.com" /> Ukraine fired several American-supplied longer-range missiles ATACMS into Russia, Ukrainian officials said on 18 November 2024, marking the first time Kyiv used the weapons that way in 1,000 days of war.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-war-1000-days-attack-06002c8c50bfb2fc622f446a8580bc0e |title=Ukraine fires several US-made longer-range missiles into Russia for the first time |last1= Arhirova |first1=Hanna|last2= Novikov |first2= Illia|date=19 November 2024|website=apnews.com |publisher=[[Associated Press]] |access-date=19 November 2024 |quote=}}</ref>
 * {{TWN}}: In October 2020, the U.S. State Department approved the sale of 64 M57 ATACMS to Taiwan.<ref>{{cite web|title=Arms Sales Notification Taiwan|date=24 October 2017 |url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2017/10/24/2017-22984/arms-sales-notification|publisher=Defense Security Cooperation Agency, Department of Defense.|access-date=18 October 2022|archive-date=29 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129025818/https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2017/10/24/2017-22984/arms-sales-notification|url-status=live}}</ref> On the 10th of November 2024, Taiwan received its 1st batch of ATACMS missile systems from the US.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dangwal |first=Ashish |date=November 12, 2024 |title=1st Batch Of Donald Trump 'Approved' ATACMS Reach Taiwan; Follows 'Notorious' HIMARS: Reports |work=EurAsian Times |url=https://www.eurasiantimes.com/new-atacms-approved-by-trump-in-2020-taiwa/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Su-wei |first1=Wu |last2=Yeh |first2=Joseph |date=November 10, 2024 |title=1st batch of 300-km range U.S. missile system arrive in Taiwan: Source |work=Focus Taiwan
 |publisher=[[Central News Agency (Taiwan)]] |url=https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/202411100005 }}</ref>
-=== Contracted ===
+=== Future operators ===
-* {{AUS}}: In May 2022, Australia ordered 20 [[M142 HIMARS]] launchers for the [[Australian Army]] with 10 M57 ATACMS unitary rockets and other MLRS munitions in an AU$545m (US$385m) contract.<ref name=apdreporter-himars>{{cite web|url=https://asiapacificdefencereporter.com/australia-cleared-for-purchase-of-himars-mlrs-for-545-million/|title=Australia cleared for purchase of HIMARS MLRS for $545 million|date=28 May 2022|access-date=29 May 2022|archive-date=29 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529230710/https://asiapacificdefencereporter.com/australia-cleared-for-purchase-of-himars-mlrs-for-545-million/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{update after|2022}}<!-- is this still "Future..."?  When are they to be delivered? -->
-* {{EST}}: A request to buy up to 18 M57 ATACMS was approved in July 2022.<ref>{{cite web|title=Estonia – M142 High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS)|url=https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/estonia-m142-high-mobility-artillery-rocket-system-himars|publisher=US Defense Security Cooperation Agency|access-date=18 October 2022|archive-date=10 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210091708/https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/estonia-m142-high-mobility-artillery-rocket-system-himars|url-status=live}}</ref>
 * {{LAT}}: A request to buy 10 M57 ATACMS missile pods was approved in October 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. moves forward with 220-million-dollar HIMARS sale to Latvia |url=https://eng.lsm.lv/article/society/defense/25.10.2023-us-moves-forward-with-220-million-dollar-himars-sale-to-latvia.a529103/ |access-date=2023-10-31 |website=eng.lsm.lv |language=en}}</ref>
 * {{LTU}}: A request to buy 18 M57 ATACMS missile pods was approved in November 2022.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lithuania – M142 High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS)|url=https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/lithuania-m142-high-mobility-artillery-rocket-system-himars|publisher=US Defense Security Cooperation Agency|access-date=12 November 2022|archive-date=5 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105203829/https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/lithuania-m142-high-mobility-artillery-rocket-system-himars|url-status=live}}</ref>
 * {{MAR}}: Ordered 18 [[M142 HIMARS]] launchers with 40 M57 ATACMS missile pods along with other MLRS munitions (M30A2, M31A2) for an estimated cost of US$524 million in April 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/morocco-high-mobility-artillery-rocket-systems-himars|title=Morocco – High Mobility Artillery Rocket Systems (HIMARS) &#124; Defense Security Cooperation Agency|access-date=13 April 2023|archive-date=12 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412232900/https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/morocco-high-mobility-artillery-rocket-systems-himars|url-status=live}}</ref>
-=== Discarded ===
+=== Failed bids ===
 * {{FIN}}: A Finnish contract for 70 missiles was canceled due to high prices in March 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/long-reach-finlands-gps-guided-rocket-launchers-07420/|title=Long Reach: Finlands Long-Range Rocket Launchers|website=defenseindustrydaily.com|access-date=5 April 2018|archive-date=31 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831045333/http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/long-reach-finlands-gps-guided-rocket-launchers-07420/|url-status=live}}</ref>
 * {{NED}}: A request to buy 80 M57 ATACMS pods was approved in February 2023. In May 2023 the [[Royal Netherlands Army]] purchased 20 [[Lynx (multiple rocket launcher)|PULS]] rocket artillery systems made by Israel's [[Elbit Systems]] instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Netherlands – M142 High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS){{!}} Defense Security Cooperation Agency |url=https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/netherlands-m142-high-mobility-artillery-rocket-system-himars |access-date=17 February 2023 |website=www.dsca.mil |archive-date=17 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217013635/https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/netherlands-m142-high-mobility-artillery-rocket-system-himars |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Netherlands to purchase HIMARS and ATACMS missile systems|url=https://vpk.name/en/689141_netherlands-to-purchase-himars-and-atacms-missile-systems.html|access-date=22 April 2023|website=ВПК.name|date=20 February 2023|language=en|archive-date=22 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422100146/https://vpk.name/en/689141_netherlands-to-purchase-himars-and-atacms-missile-systems.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Netherlands poised to order South Arkansas-made missiles|url=http://www.magnoliareporter.com/news_and_business/ouachita_county/article_dbbad5c0-b1c3-11ed-86d0-632f1152c9c5.html|access-date=22 April 2023|website=Magnolia Reporter – Magnolia, Arkansas News|date=21 February 2023|language=en|archive-date=22 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422094641/http://www.magnoliareporter.com/news_and_business/ouachita_county/article_dbbad5c0-b1c3-11ed-86d0-632f1152c9c5.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Revell|first=Eric|date=16 February 2023|title=US agrees to sell 20 HIMARS to Netherlands for $670 million|url=https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/us-agrees-sell-20-himars-the-netherlands-670-million|access-date=22 April 2023|website=FOXBusiness|language=en-US|archive-date=22 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422090007/https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/us-agrees-sell-20-himars-the-netherlands-670-million|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=18 May 2023|title=Elbit Systems Awarded $305 Million Contract to Supply PULS Rocket Artillery Systems to the Royal Netherlands Army|url=https://elbitsystems.com/pr-new/elbit-systems-awarded-305-million-contract-to-supply-puls-rocket-artillery-systems-to-the-royal-netherlands-army/|access-date=21 May 2023|website=Elbit Systems|language=en-US|archive-date=20 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520175903/https://elbitsystems.com/pr-new/elbit-systems-awarded-305-million-contract-to-supply-puls-rocket-artillery-systems-to-the-royal-netherlands-army/|url-status=live}}</ref>
@@ Line 294: / Line 288: @@
 ==References==
 {{Reflist|refs=
 <ref name=Janes-ATACMS>{{Citation |author=[[Janes Information Services|Janes]] |url=https://customer.janes.com/display/JAH_1090-JAH_ |title=610 mm Army Tactical Missile System rockets |date=31 October 2023 |website=Janes Weapons: Ammunition |publisher=Jane's Group UK Limited. |publication-place=[[Coulsdon]], [[Surrey]] |url-access=subscription |access-date=4 November 2023}}</ref>
 <ref name=Telegraph-ATACMS>{{cite news |last1=Ibbetson |first1=Connor James |last2=Emanuel |first2=Louis |last3=Scott-Geddes |first3=Arthur |last4=Nicholls |first4=Dominic |date= |title=ATACMS (M39) |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/ukraine-weapons-tanks-jets-missiles-military-equipment-war-russia/#4711f612-0186-4513-91ae-979b394495e7 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |location=[[London]] |url-access=subscription |access-date=4 November 2023}}</ref>
 }}
-==External links==
+== External links ==
 {{Commons category}}
 * [https://www.lockheedmartin.com/en-us/products/army-tactical-missile-system.html ATACMS], Lockheed Martin
@@ Line 310: / Line 302: @@
 * [https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/atacms.htm M39 Army Tactical Missile System (Army TACMS)] Federation of American Scientists | FAS.org. Retrieved 6 October 2011.
-{{US missiles}}
+{{US missiles}}{{Current and future Australian missiles}}{{Lockheed Martin}}
-{{Lockheed Martin}}
 {{Auth}}

ATACMS: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 12:13, 19 November 2025

Contents

History

Pre-development

Development

Details

Production

Stockpile upgrades

Replacement

Versions

Comparison

Operation

During Russian invasion of Ukraine

EW vs usability

Reverse engineering

Operators

Future operators

Failed bids

See also

Comparable missiles

Notes

References

External links

Navigation menu

ATACMS: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 12:13, 19 November 2025

History

Pre-development

Development

Details

Production

Stockpile upgrades

Replacement

Versions

Comparison

Operation

During Russian invasion of Ukraine

EW vs usability

Reverse engineering

Operators

Future operators

Failed bids

See also

Comparable missiles

Notes

References

External links

Navigation menu

Search