Octane: Difference between revisions

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imported>Finlay McWalter
→Isomers: ordinary caps
 
I corrected solubility based on IUPAC-NIST Solubility Database.
 
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| ImageFile3_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| ImageFile3_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| OtherNames    = ''n''-Octane
| OtherNames    = ''n''-Octane
| SystematicName = Octane<ref>{{Cite web|title=octane - Compound Summary|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=356&loc=ec_rcs|work=PubChem Compound|publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information|access-date=6 January 2012|location=USA|date=16 September 2004|at=Identification and Related Records}}</ref>
| SystematicName = Octane<ref>{{Cite web|title=octane - Compound Summary|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/356|work=PubChem Compound|publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information|access-date=6 January 2012|location=USA|date=16 September 2004|at=Identification and Related Records}}</ref>
| Section1      = {{Chembox Identifiers
| Section1      = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 111-65-9
| CASNo = 111-65-9
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| MeltingPtK = 216.0 to 216.6
| MeltingPtK = 216.0 to 216.6
| BoilingPtK = 398.2 to 399.2
| BoilingPtK = 398.2 to 399.2
| Solubility = 0.007 mg/dm<sup>3</sup> (at 20&nbsp;°C)
| Solubility = 0.07 mg / 100 g (at 298 K) <ref>https://srdata.nist.gov/solubility/sol_detail.aspx?sysID=38_103</ref>
| LogP = 4.783
| LogP = 4.783
| VaporPressure = 1.47 kPa (at 20.0&nbsp;°C)
| VaporPressure = 1.47 kPa (at 20.0&nbsp;°C)

Latest revision as of 17:33, 7 November 2025

Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Distinguish". Template:For-multi Template:Chembox

Octane is a hydrocarbon and also an alkane with the chemical formula C8H18, and the condensed structural formula CH3(CH2)6CH3. Octane has many structural isomers that differ by the location of branching in the carbon chain. One of these isomers, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (commonly called iso-octane), is used as one of the standard values in the octane rating scale.

Octane is a component of gasoline and petroleum. Under standard temperature and pressure, octane is an odorless, colorless liquid. Like other short-chained alkanes with a low molecular weight, it is volatile, flammable, and toxic. Octane is 1.2 to 2 times more toxic than heptane.[1]

Isomers

N-octane has 23 constitutional isomers. 8 of these isomers have one stereocenter; 3 of them have two stereocenters.

File:Octane stereo isomers 10 3 4 dimethylhexane.svg
(3S,4S)-3,4-Dimethylhexane (top left) and (3R,4R)-3,4-Dimethylhexane (top right) are non-superimposable mirror images, so they are chiral enantiomers. (meso)-3,4-Dimethylhexane (bottom) has a superimposable mirror image, so it is an achiral meso compound.

Achiral isomers:

Chiral isomers:

Production and use

In petrochemistry, octanes are not typically differentiated or purified as specific compounds. Octanes are components of particular boiling fractions.[2]

A common route to such fractions is the alkylation reaction between iso-butane and 1-butene, which forms iso-octane.[3]

Octane is commonly used as a solvent in paints and adhesives.

File:N-octane.jpg
N-octane is the octane isomer that has the longest carbon skeleton. Unlike its constitutional isomers, it has a very low knock resistance.
File:Iso-octane.jpg
The octane isomer, iso-octane, is used as one of the standards for octane ratings. It has a rating of 100 by definition.
File:2,3,3-Trimethylpentane (view 2).jpg
The octane isomer 2,3,3-Trimethylpentane has an octane rating exceeding 100.

References

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

External links

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