Æthelnoth (archbishop of Canterbury): Difference between revisions
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'''Æthelnoth'''{{efn|Also '''Ethelnoth''', '''Ednoth''', or '''Eadnodus'''<ref name=ODS181/>}} (died 1038) was the [[archbishop of Canterbury]] from 1020 until his death. Descended from an earlier English king, Æthelnoth became a monk prior to becoming archbishop. While archbishop, he travelled to Rome and brought back | '''Æthelnoth'''{{efn|Also '''Ethelnoth''', '''Ednoth''', or '''Eadnodus'''<ref name=ODS181/>}} (died 1038) was the [[archbishop of Canterbury]] from 1020 until his death. Descended from an earlier English king, Æthelnoth became a monk prior to becoming archbishop. While archbishop, he travelled to Rome and brought back saints' relics. He consecrated a number of other bishops who came from outside his archdiocese, leading to some friction with other archbishops. Although he was [[Canonization#Historical development of the process|regarded as a saint]] after his death, there is little evidence of his veneration or of a cult in Canterbury or elsewhere. | ||
==Early life== | ==Early life== | ||
| Line 34: | Line 34: | ||
==Archbishop of Canterbury== | ==Archbishop of Canterbury== | ||
In 1022, Æthelnoth went to Rome to obtain the [[pallium]],<ref name=Ortenberg49>Ortenberg "Anglo-Saxon Church and the Papacy" ''English Church and the Papacy'' p. 49</ref> and was received by Pope [[Pope Benedict VIII|Benedict VIII]]. On his return trip, he bought a relic of St [[Augustine of Hippo]] for 100 silver talents and one gold talent.<ref name=DNB/> He gave the relic to Coventry Abbey.<ref name=Smith575>Smith, et al. "Court and Piety" ''Catholic Historical Review'' p. 575</ref> He also presided over the translation of the relics of [[Ælfheah of Canterbury|Ælfheah]], his predecessor at Canterbury who was regarded as a martyr and saint.<ref name=Brooks290>Brooks ''Early History of the Church of Canterbury'' pp. 290–298</ref> In 1022, Æthelnoth consecrated Gerbrand as bishop for the [[Diocese of Roskilde (Roman-Catholic)|Diocese of Roskilde]],<ref name=ASE463>Stenton ''Anglo-Saxon England'' p. 463</ref> which was in Scandinavia. The archbishop of [[Hamburg-Bremen]] was the metropolitan of Roskilde, and the fact that Gerbrand was consecrated by an English archbishop later caused friction between the bishop and his metropolitan.<ref name=Brooks290/> Cnut was forced to concede that in the future he would not appoint bishops in [[Archdiocese of Bremen|Bremen's archdiocese]] without the metropolitan's advice.<ref name=1000Church232/> A later tradition held that Æthelnoth consecrated two Welsh bishops, one at [[Bishop of Llandaff|Llandaff]] and one at [[Bishop of St David's|St. David's]].<ref name=1000Church232>Barlow ''English Church 1000–1066'' pp. 232–234</ref> He also consecrated [[Dúnán]], the first [[bishop of Dublin]], and other Scandinavian bishops.<ref>Cooper | In 1022, Æthelnoth went to Rome to obtain the [[pallium]],<ref name=Ortenberg49>Ortenberg "Anglo-Saxon Church and the Papacy" ''English Church and the Papacy'' p. 49</ref> and was received by Pope [[Pope Benedict VIII|Benedict VIII]]. On his return trip, he bought a relic of St [[Augustine of Hippo]] for 100 silver talents and one gold talent.<ref name=DNB/> He gave the relic to Coventry Abbey.<ref name=Smith575>Smith, et al. "Court and Piety" ''Catholic Historical Review'' p. 575</ref> He also presided over the translation of the relics of [[Ælfheah of Canterbury|Ælfheah]], his predecessor at Canterbury who was regarded as a martyr and saint.<ref name=Brooks290>Brooks ''Early History of the Church of Canterbury'' pp. 290–298</ref> In 1022, Æthelnoth consecrated Gerbrand as bishop for the [[Diocese of Roskilde (Roman-Catholic)|Diocese of Roskilde]],<ref name=ASE463>Stenton ''Anglo-Saxon England'' p. 463</ref> which was in Scandinavia. The archbishop of [[Hamburg-Bremen]] was the metropolitan of Roskilde, and the fact that Gerbrand was consecrated by an English archbishop later caused friction between the bishop and his metropolitan.<ref name=Brooks290/> Cnut was forced to concede that in the future he would not appoint bishops in [[Archdiocese of Bremen|Bremen's archdiocese]] without the metropolitan's advice.<ref name=1000Church232/> A later tradition held that Æthelnoth consecrated two Welsh bishops, one at [[Bishop of Llandaff|Llandaff]] and one at [[Bishop of St David's|St. David's]].<ref name=1000Church232>Barlow ''English Church 1000–1066'' pp. 232–234</ref> He also consecrated [[Dúnán]], the first [[bishop of Dublin]], and other Scandinavian bishops.<ref>Cooper ''Monk-Bishops and the English Benedictine Reform Movement'' pp. 100, 160</ref> | ||
The medieval chronicler [[William of Malmesbury]] praised Æthelnoth's wisdom. A story of doubtful authenticity tells how he refused to crown King [[Harold Harefoot]],<ref name=Emma167>O'Brien ''Queen Emma and the Vikings'' pp. 167–168</ref> as he had promised Cnut to crown none but a son of the king by his wife, [[Emma of Normandy|Emma]].<ref name=DNB/> He was a leading figure in the third generation of the [[English Benedictine Reform]].<ref>Cooper | The medieval chronicler [[William of Malmesbury]] praised Æthelnoth's wisdom. A story of doubtful authenticity tells how he refused to crown King [[Harold Harefoot]],<ref name=Emma167>O'Brien ''Queen Emma and the Vikings'' pp. 167–168</ref> as he had promised Cnut to crown none but a son of the king by his wife, [[Emma of Normandy|Emma]].<ref name=DNB/> He was a leading figure in the third generation of the [[English Benedictine Reform]].<ref>Cooper ''Monk-Bishops and the English Benedictine Reform Movement'' p. 88</ref> | ||
==Death and legacy== | ==Death and legacy== | ||
| Line 50: | Line 50: | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{refbegin|60em}} | {{refbegin|60em}} | ||
* {{cite book |author=Barlow, Frank | * {{cite book |author=Barlow, Frank |title=The English Church 1000–1066: A History of the Later Anglo-Saxon Church |author-link=Frank Barlow (historian) |publisher=Longman |location=New York |year=1979 |isbn=0-582-49049-9 |edition=Second }} | ||
* {{cite book |author=Barlow, Frank | * {{cite book |author=Barlow, Frank |title=The Godwins: The Rise and Fall of a Noble Dynasty |author-link=Frank Barlow (historian) |publisher=Pearson/Longman |location=London |year=2003 |isbn=0-582-78440-9 }} | ||
* {{cite book |author=Brooks, Nicholas |author-link=Nicholas Brooks (historian) |title=The Early History of the Church of Canterbury: Christ Church from 597 to 1066 |publisher=Leicester University Press |location=London |year=1984 |isbn=0-7185-0041-5 }} | * {{cite book |author=Brooks, Nicholas |author-link=Nicholas Brooks (historian) |title=The Early History of the Church of Canterbury: Christ Church from 597 to 1066 |publisher=Leicester University Press |location=London |year=1984 |isbn=0-7185-0041-5 }} | ||
* {{cite book| | * {{cite book |author=Cooper, Tracy-Anne |title=Monk-Bishops and the English Benedictine Reform Movement |publisher=Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies |location=Toronto, Canada |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-88844-193-5 }} | ||
* {{cite book| author=Farmer, David Hugh |title=Oxford Dictionary of Saints |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2004 |edition=Fifth |location=Oxford, UK |isbn= 978-0-19-860949-0}} | * {{cite book |author=Farmer, David Hugh |title=Oxford Dictionary of Saints |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2004 |edition=Fifth |location=Oxford, UK |isbn= 978-0-19-860949-0 }} | ||
* {{cite book |author1=Fryde, E. B. |author2=Greenway, D. E. |author3=Porter, S. |author4=Roy, I. |title=Handbook of British Chronology|edition=Third revised |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |year=1996 |isbn=0-521-56350-X }} | * {{cite book |author1=Fryde, E. B. |author2=Greenway, D. E. |author3=Porter, S. |author4=Roy, I. |title=Handbook of British Chronology |edition=Third revised |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |year=1996 |isbn=0-521-56350-X }} | ||
* {{cite book |author1=Knowles, David | * {{cite book |author1=Knowles, David |author2=London, Vera C. M. |author3=Brooke, Christopher |title=The Heads of Religious Houses, England and Wales, 940–1216 |author-link1=David Knowles (scholar) |author3-link=Christopher N. L. Brooke |edition=Second |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |year=2001 |isbn=0-521-80452-3 }} | ||
* {{cite encyclopedia |author=Mason, Emma |title=Æthelnoth (d. 1038) |encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |publisher=Oxford University Press |year= 2004 |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/8912|access-date= 7 November 2007 |doi= 10.1093/ref:odnb/8912|url-access=subscription }}{{ODNBsub}} | * {{cite encyclopedia |author=Mason, Emma |title=Æthelnoth (d. 1038) |encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2004 |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/8912 |access-date=7 November 2007 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/8912 |url-access=subscription }}{{ODNBsub}} | ||
* {{cite book |author=O'Brien, Harriet |title= Queen Emma and the Vikings: A History of Power, Love and Greed in Eleventh-Century England |publisher=Bloomsbury USA |location=New York |year= 2005|isbn=1-58234-596-1 }} | * {{cite book |author=O'Brien, Harriet |title=Queen Emma and the Vikings: A History of Power, Love and Greed in Eleventh-Century England |publisher=Bloomsbury USA |location=New York |year=2005 |isbn=1-58234-596-1 }} | ||
* {{cite encyclopedia | author = Ortenberg, Veronica | | * {{cite encyclopedia |author=Ortenberg, Veronica |title=The Anglo-Saxon Church and the Papacy |encyclopedia=The English Church and the Papacy in the Middle Ages |editor=Lawrence, C. H. |pages=29–62 |place=Stroud, UK |publisher=Sutton Publishing |isbn=0-7509-1947-7 |year=1965 |edition=1999 reprint }} | ||
* {{cite journal |author1=Smith, Mary Frances|author2=Fleming, Robin | * {{cite journal |author1=Smith, Mary Frances |author2=Fleming, Robin |author3=Halpin, Patricia |title=Court and Piety in Late Anglo-Saxon England |journal=The Catholic Historical Review |author-link2=Robin Fleming |number=4 |date=October 2001 |pages=569–602 |doi=10.1353/cat.2001.0189 |volume=87 |jstor=25026026 |s2cid=159900538 }} | ||
* {{cite book |author=Stenton, F. M. |author-link= Frank Stenton | * {{cite book |author=Stenton, F. M. |title=Anglo-Saxon England |author-link=Frank Stenton |year=1971 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |edition=Third |isbn=978-0-19-280139-5 }} | ||
* {{cite book |author=Walsh, Michael J. |title= A New Dictionary of Saints: East and West |year=2007 |publisher= Burns & Oats |location=London |isbn=978-0-86012-438-2 }} | * {{cite book |author=Walsh, Michael J. |title=A New Dictionary of Saints: East and West |year=2007 |publisher=Burns & Oats |location=London |isbn=978-0-86012-438-2 }} | ||
{{refend}} | {{refend}} | ||
Latest revision as of 22:38, 3 August 2025
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ÆthelnothTemplate:Efn (died 1038) was the archbishop of Canterbury from 1020 until his death. Descended from an earlier English king, Æthelnoth became a monk prior to becoming archbishop. While archbishop, he travelled to Rome and brought back saints' relics. He consecrated a number of other bishops who came from outside his archdiocese, leading to some friction with other archbishops. Although he was regarded as a saint after his death, there is little evidence of his veneration or of a cult in Canterbury or elsewhere.
Early life
Æthelnoth was a son of the Æthelmær the Stout and a grandson of Æthelweard the Historian,[1] who was a great-great-grandson of King Æthelred of Wessex. In the view of the historian Frank Barlow, Æthelnoth was probably the uncle of Godwin of Wessex.[2] He was baptised by Dunstan, and a story was told at Glastonbury Abbey that as the infant was baptised, his hand made a motion much like that an archbishop makes when blessing. From this motion, Dunstan is said to have prophesied that Æthelnoth would become an archbishop.[1]
Æthelnoth became a monk at Glastonbury, then was made dean of the monastery of Christ Church Priory, at Canterbury, the cathedral chapter for the diocese of Canterbury.[3] He was also a chaplain to King Cnut of England and Denmark as well as Dean of Canterbury when on 13 November 1020 Æthelnoth was consecrated as Archbishop of Canterbury.[4] Æthelnoth's elevation probably was a gesture of appeasement, as Æthelnoth's brother Æthelweard had been executed in 1017 by Cnut, who also banished a brother-in-law named Æthelweard in 1020. A later story stated that Cnut favoured Æthelnoth because Æthelnoth had bestowed chrism on the king. This may be a garbled account of Æthelnoth's participation in Cnut's confirmation as a Christian in 1016 or his coronation in 1017.[1] There are some indications that he was a student of Ælfric of Eynsham, the homilist.[5]
Archbishop of Canterbury
In 1022, Æthelnoth went to Rome to obtain the pallium,[6] and was received by Pope Benedict VIII. On his return trip, he bought a relic of St Augustine of Hippo for 100 silver talents and one gold talent.[1] He gave the relic to Coventry Abbey.[7] He also presided over the translation of the relics of Ælfheah, his predecessor at Canterbury who was regarded as a martyr and saint.[8] In 1022, Æthelnoth consecrated Gerbrand as bishop for the Diocese of Roskilde,[9] which was in Scandinavia. The archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen was the metropolitan of Roskilde, and the fact that Gerbrand was consecrated by an English archbishop later caused friction between the bishop and his metropolitan.[8] Cnut was forced to concede that in the future he would not appoint bishops in Bremen's archdiocese without the metropolitan's advice.[10] A later tradition held that Æthelnoth consecrated two Welsh bishops, one at Llandaff and one at St. David's.[10] He also consecrated Dúnán, the first bishop of Dublin, and other Scandinavian bishops.[11]
The medieval chronicler William of Malmesbury praised Æthelnoth's wisdom. A story of doubtful authenticity tells how he refused to crown King Harold Harefoot,[12] as he had promised Cnut to crown none but a son of the king by his wife, Emma.[1] He was a leading figure in the third generation of the English Benedictine Reform.[13]
Death and legacy
Æthelnoth died in 1038, on either 28 October,[1][4] 29 October,[4][14] 30 October,[15] or 1 November.[1][4] Prior to his death, some of his episcopal functions were performed by a royal priest, Eadsige. He was buried in Canterbury Cathedral.[1] He is considered a saint,[14] with a feast day of 30 October. While he is listed in Jean Mabillon's Lives of the Benedictine Saints and in the Acta Sanctorum, there is no contemporary or later evidence of a cult being paid to him at Canterbury or elsewhere.[15]
Notes
Citations
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- ↑ a b c d e f g h Mason "Æthelnoth" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- ↑ Barlow Godwins p. 21
- ↑ Knowles, et al. Heads of Religious Houses p. 33
- ↑ a b c d Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 214
- ↑ Barlow English Church 1000–1066 pp. 72–73
- ↑ Ortenberg "Anglo-Saxon Church and the Papacy" English Church and the Papacy p. 49
- ↑ Smith, et al. "Court and Piety" Catholic Historical Review p. 575
- ↑ a b Brooks Early History of the Church of Canterbury pp. 290–298
- ↑ Stenton Anglo-Saxon England p. 463
- ↑ a b Barlow English Church 1000–1066 pp. 232–234
- ↑ Cooper Monk-Bishops and the English Benedictine Reform Movement pp. 100, 160
- ↑ O'Brien Queen Emma and the Vikings pp. 167–168
- ↑ Cooper Monk-Bishops and the English Benedictine Reform Movement p. 88
- ↑ a b Walsh New Dictionary of Saints p. 184
- ↑ a b Farmer Oxford Dictionary of Saints p. 181
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References
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External links
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