PLUNA: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 08:33, 5 October 2025

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PLUNA Líneas Aéreas Uruguayas S.A.^[1] was the flag carrier of Uruguay.^[2] It was headquartered in Carrasco, Montevideo^[3]^[4] and operated scheduled services within South America, as well as scheduled cargo^[5] and charter services^[6] from its hub at Carrasco International Airport.^[7]

On 5 July 2012,^[8] only two days after the carrier's employees went on strike amid mounting financial difficulties,^[9]^[10] the Uruguayan government decided to close the airline down and liquidate it.^[11]^[12] The carrier was wholly owned by the government at the time of its closure.^[13]

History

Foundation

File:PLUNA737.jpg

A PLUNA advertisement from the 1970s.

The airline was established in September 1936, and started operations the following month, on 19 November 1936.^[14] It was set up by Jorge and Alberto Márquez Vaesa, two brothers who had obtained the necessary financial and technical support through the ambassador of the United Kingdom to Uruguay at the time, Sir Eugen Millington-Drake. Millington-Drake wrote in his memoirs that he suggested the airline be named using a memorable acronym, taking SABENA as an example. It was then decided on "PLUNA", an acronym for Primeras Líneas Uruguayas de Navegación Aérea (Template:Langx). Millington-Drake knew De Havilland's representative in Buenos Aires at the time, which helped in the acquisition of the airline's first aircraft. The airline flew two five-seater de Havilland Dragonflys from Montevideo to Salto and Paysandú.^[15]Template:When The two planes were christened Churrinche and San Alberto, the latter in honor of the brothers' father. PLUNA flew 2,600 passengers in their first fiscal year, a huge success for that era. It also flew 20,000 pieces of mail and 70,000 newspapers.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

The carrier saw the incorporation of both the Potez 62 and the Douglas DC-2 into its fleet in the early 1940s, the latter acquired from the U.S. government.^[14] Following the outbreak of World War II, PLUNA was forced to suspend operations between 1942 and 1944, due to the lack of spare parts.^[14] The delicate position PLUNA was in at this time led the Uruguayan Government to aid the company by boosting its stake to 85% on 16 October 1944.^[14] The first Douglas DC-3 entered PLUNA's fleet in February 1946.^[14] The airline launched regular services to Porto Alegre, Brazil, in May 1948.^[14] The carrier later added the cities of Santa Cruz in Bolivia and Buenos Aires, Rosario and Córdoba in Argentina to its network.Template:When

Nationalisation

File:Douglas C-47B CX-BDB PLUNA MVD 07.04.75 edited-3.jpg

Preserved PLUNA Douglas DC-3 at Montevideo in 1975

File:Vickers Viscount 769 CX-AQO PLUNA MVD 07.04.75 edited-3.jpg

PLUNA Vickers Viscount 769D at Montevideo when operating the schedule to Buenos Aires in 1975

The airline became a wholly government-owned company on 12 November 1951.^[14] After World War II, PLUNA's fleet included two Douglas DC-2s which were operated on the Montevideo–Paysandú–Salto route until they were retired in 1951. In the same year, a Douglas DC-3 and four de Havilland Herons were added to the fleet. The Herons only stayed in PLUNA's fleet for a short time and by 1957, they had been sold. The DC-3s remained in service much longer, and in 1971, the last four of them were sold to the Fuerza Aérea Uruguaya.

São Paulo was added to the route network in January 1954.^[14] On 24 June 1958, the carrier entered the turbine era with the delivery of its first of three Vickers Viscounts four-engined turboprops purchased new from Vickers; it later acquired two Viscount 700s from Alitalia and three Viscount 800s from VASP.

PLUNA's growth slowed considerably for the next three decades, but it entered the jet age soon after jets were introduced to the world, and added John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) in New York, and Miami to its destinations, using Boeing 707 and Boeing 737 aircraft.

In the 1980s, PLUNA began flying to Madrid, Asunción, Rio de Janeiro and Santiago, but services to JFK and Miami were suspended. In the meantime, as the city of Punta del Este flourished as a major tourist destination, PLUNA benefited from that. During this time, an office was also opened in Tel Aviv, Israel.

Privatisation

The 1990s, saw financial trouble loom for PLUNA. In 1995, the company was transformed into a public–private partnership and the government sold 51% of the shares to a holding formed by an Argentine consortium named Tevycom and Uruguayan businessmen; the holding later sold half of its participation in PLUNA to Varig.^[16]

At Template:Start date, the airline had Template:Cardinal employees. At this time the fleet consisted of Template:Cardinal to word Boeing 737-200 Advanced and Template:Cardinal to word McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 to serve a network that included Asunción, Buenos Aires, Cordoba, Florianópolis, Madrid, Montevideo, Punta del Este, Rio de Janeiro, Rosario, Salvador, Santiago and São Paulo.^[5] By late Template:Start date, the airline's major shareholders were the Government of Uruguay (49%) and Varig (49%), and private investors held the balance.^[17] When Varig entered Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on 17 June 2005, it sought a bidder for its 49% stake in PLUNA. For almost a year, it looked as if it might go to Venezuela's state-run Conviasa,^[18]^[19] but the deal officially fell through in Template:Start date.

File:Pluna CRJ-900 NextGen CX-CRB AEP 2009-1-12.png

A PLUNA CRJ900 at Aeroparque Jorge Newbery in 2009.

On 4 January 2007, the Government of Uruguay started negotiations to sell 75% of it shares to a private consortium of investors from Germany, United States, Uruguay and Argentina called Leadgate Investment, a subsidiary of Latin American Regional Aviation Holding Corporation (LARAH),^[20]Script error: No such module "Unsubst". that committed to inject Template:US$ million in the company.^[21]^[22] In July the same year, the government awarded 75% of PLUNA's stock to LARAH,^[23] and the acquisition of seven Bombardier CRJ-900s in a deal worth Template:US$ million was announced.^[24]

In late Template:Start date, PLUNA presented its new corporate image, developed by Australian design company Cato Partners. This new image is based on the interpretation of the name "Uruguay" as meaning "river of the painted birds" or "river of the colorful birds" (Template:Langx).^[25] The first of seven brand new CRJ900s that would be incorporated into the fleet during 2008 arrived in March that year; these new aircraft permitted increasing frequencies to existing routes, as well as expanding services to new destinations.^[26]

In Template:Start date, the Canadian airline holding company Jazz Air Income Fund invested Template:US$ million in LARAH.^[27] The move gave this holding an indirect control of 25% of the Uruguayan flag carrier, as LARAH had a participation of 75% into PLUNA at that time; the Government of Uruguay held the balance.^[27]^[28]^[29]Template:Clarify

In September and October 2010, three additional new CRJ900s aircraft were delivered from the Bombardier factory. In April 2011, three options were taken up for delivery at the end of 2011 and these were delivered between September and November 2011. With these additions, PLUNA's fleet consisted of 13 airplanes, the highest number in its history.

Collapse

In early Template:Start date, PLUNA's then CEO, Matías Campiani, disclosed that the airline might face collapse amid a financial distress that led to a loss of Template:US$ million for the eight months ending in February the same year, partly due to the protectionism of the government of Argentina —where the carrier concentrated 21% of its operations— following the renationalisation of Aerolíneas Argentinas in 2008, and partly due to the slowdown of the Brazilian economy in the preceding months.^[2]^[30]^[31] Later on, with losses totalling Template:US$ million, Leadgate disposed of their 75% stake in the airline, transferring it back to the Uruguayan government.^[13]^[32] By that time, that percentage of PLUNA's stock was owned by LARAH, which was in turn 75% owned by Leadgate and 25% by Jazz Air.^[33] Despite being initially disclosed that Jazz Air was not interested in taking over the entire 75% stock,^[34]^[35] and that it was later informed that the Canadian airline was evaluating the acquisition,^[36]^[37] the government suspended PLUNA's operations on Template:End date—following a strike that started two days earlier, after failing to find new investors for the company.^[38]^[39]^[40] The government announced that both PLUNA's fleet and routes would be auctioned.^[41] It seemed there were no plans for the government to have any stake in PLUNA's successor.^[41]

In Template:Start date, the auction of the seven Bombardier aircraft that belonged to the liquidated carrier was delayed until Template:Start date as there were no bidders.^[42]^[43] Cosmo Airlines, a Spanish charter carrier, eventually purchased the seven aircraft at a price of $137 million.^[44] Regionally, the void created by PLUNA's collapse benefited foreign airlines on some routes.^[7]

In 2016, a Uruguayan court concluded that no Leadgate executives were responsible for Pluna's collapse. Two years later, in 2018 a Panamanian-based investment consortium named Caballero Verde S. de R.L. took ownership of LARAH, which still owned 75% of Pluna's shares. The consortium plans to seek compensation from the Uruguayan government for Pluna's demise.^[45]

Destinations

File:Pluna CRJ-900ER CX-CRC AEP 2009-1-12.png

A PLUNA CRJ-900 at Aeroparque Jorge Newbery in 2009.

Template:As of, PLUNA linked Uruguay with two destinations in Argentina, one in Chile, one in Paraguay, and eight in Brazil.^[46] The following is a list of destinations that were served by PLUNA as part of its scheduled services throughout its history:

Country	City	Airport	Notes	Refs
Argentina	Buenos Aires	Aeroparque Jorge Newbery		^[47]
Argentina	Buenos Aires	Ministro Pistarini International Airport		^[47]
Argentina	Córdoba	Ingeniero Aeronáutico Ambrosio L.V. Taravella International Airport		^[47]
Argentina	Rosario	Islas Malvinas International Airport		^[48]
Brazil	Belo Horizonte	Tancredo Neves International Airport		^[47]
Brazil	Brasília	Brasília International Airport		^[47]
Brazil	Campinas	Viracopos-Campinas International Airport		^[49]
Brazil	Curitiba	Afonso Pena International Airport		^[47]
Brazil	Florianópolis	Hercílio Luz International Airport		^[47]
Brazil	Foz do Iguaçu	Foz do Iguaçu International Airport		^[47]
Brazil	Porto Alegre	Salgado Filho International Airport		^[47]
Brazil	Rio de Janeiro	Rio de Janeiro/Galeão International Airport		^[47]
Brazil	Salvador	Deputado Luís Eduardo Magalhães International Airport		^[48]
Brazil	São Paulo	São Paulo/Guarulhos International Airport		^[47]
Chile	Santiago	Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport		^[47]
Paraguay	Asunción	Silvio Pettirossi International Airport		^[47]
Spain	Madrid	Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport		^[48]
United States	Miami	Miami International Airport		^[48]
Uruguay	Montevideo	Carrasco International Airport	Template:Airline hub	^[47]
Uruguay	Punta del Este	Capitán de Corbeta Carlos A. Curbelo International Airport		^[47]

Codeshare agreements

PLUNA had a codeshare agreement with Iberia, which operates the Montevideo–Madrid–Montevideo route.^[50] Under the same codeshare agreement, passengers also connected from Madrid to many destinations within Spain and also to Frankfurt.^[50] PLUNA also announced a codeshare agreement with American Airlines, which would have placed PLUNA's code on American's Miami-Montevideo route, if it had government approval.^[51]

Fleet

Fleet at bankruptcy

File:CX-BOP.jpg

A PLUNA Boeing 737-200 Advanced in the pre-Varig paint scheme, taxiing at Aeroparque Jorge Newbery in 1993.

Prior to its collapse, PLUNA's fleet consisted of the following aircraft, Template:As of.^[52]

PLUNA fleet at bankruptcy
Aircraft	Total	Passengers (Economy)	Notes
Bombardier CRJ900	13	90
Total	13

Historical fleet

The carrier also operated the following aircraft types throughout its history:^[52]^[53]

PLUNA historical fleet
Aircraft	Total	Introduced	Retired	Notes
ATR 42-320	1	2004	2008
Airbus A330-200	1	2006	2007	Leased from Middle East Airlines.
Boeing 707-320B	6	1985	1995
Boeing 727-100C	3	1978	1984
Boeing 737-200 Advanced	8	1969	2009
Boeing 737-300	2	1995	2008
Boeing 737-800	1	2006	2007	Leased from Travel Service.
Boeing 757-200	1	2003	2008
Boeing 767-300ER	3	2002	2009
de Havilland Dragonfly	2	1936	1939
de Havilland D.H.86B Express^[54]	2	1937	Unknown
de Havilland Heron	4	1953	1958
Douglas C-47 Skytrain	10	1946	1979	Some aircraft were used for spare parts only.
Douglas DC-2	2	1942	1954
Douglas DC-8-61	1	1991	1992
Douglas DC-8-62	1	1991	1992	Leased from Nationair.
Embraer EMB-110 Bandeirante	5	1975	Unknown
Fairchild Hiller FH-227D	2	1975	1990
Fokker F27-100 Friendship	2	1975	1977
Lockheed L-1011-500 Tristar	1	2002	2006	Leased from EuroAtlantic Airways.
McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30	1	1994	1997	Leased from Varig.
Potez 62^[14]	1	1941	Unknown
Vickers Viscount 700D	5	1958	1977
Vickers Viscount 800	3	1975	1986

Accidents and incidents

PLUNA had only one fatal accident with the loss of ten crew members, the Aviation Safety Network records 3 hull-loss accidents/incidents for the airline.^[55]

8 January 1946: A Douglas DC-2-124, registration CX-AEG, was destroyed during a thunderstorm in Uruguay.^[56]
9 October 1962: A Douglas C-47A, registration CX-AGE, crashed during a final test flight. The crash occurred during takeoff from Carrasco International Airport, when the right wing grazed the runway, bouncing the aircraft and causing the right tire to burst, then bouncing the aircraft again causing the engine to smash into the ground at almost full throttle, and finally rolling over and coming to rest upside down. A fire broke out shortly afterwards. All 10 crew members died.^[57]
11 May 1975: A Vickers 769D Viscount, registration CX-AQO, flying a scheduled Carrasco International Airport–Buenos Aires-Aeroparque service, ran off the end of the runway at the destination airport on landing. The damage wrote off the aircraft. All 57 passengers and crew survived the incident.^[58]

References

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External links

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Memorias del Tiempo de Vuelo (In Spanish)

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 === Foundation ===
 [[File:PLUNA737.jpg|right|thumb|A PLUNA advertisement from the 1970s.]]
-The airline was established in September 1936, and started operations the following month, on 19 November 1936.<ref name="FI1966" /> It was set up by Jorge and Alberto Márquez Vaesa, two brothers who had obtained the necessary financial and technical support through the ambassador of the [[United Kingdom]] to [[Uruguay]] at the time, Sir [[Eugen Millington-Drake]]. Millington-Drake wrote in his memoirs that he suggested the airline be named using a memorable acronym, taking [[SABENA]] as an example. It was then decided on "PLUNA", an acronym for ''Primeras Líneas Uruguayas de Navegación Aérea'' ({{langx|en|First Uruguayan Air Navigation Lines}}). Millington-Drake knew De Havilland's representative in Buenos Aires at the time, which helped in the acquisition of the airline's first aircraft. The airline flew two five-seater [[de Havilland Dragonfly]]s from [[Montevideo]] to [[Salto, Uruguay|Salto]] and [[Paysandú]].<ref>[http://www.pluna.aero/english/historia.asp PLUNA's history] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928103418/http://www.pluna.aero/english/historia.asp |date=28 September 2007 }}</ref>{{When|date=August 2011}} The two planes were christened ''Churrinche'' and ''San Alberto'', the latter in honor of the brothers' father. PLUNA flew 2,600 passengers in their first fiscal year, a huge success for that era. It also flew 20,000 pieces of mail and 70,000 newspapers.{{Cn|date=June 2024}}
+The airline was established in September 1936, and started operations the following month, on 19 November 1936.<ref name="FI1966" /> It was set up by Jorge and Alberto Márquez Vaesa, two brothers who had obtained the necessary financial and technical support through the ambassador of the [[United Kingdom]] to [[Uruguay]] at the time, Sir [[Eugen Millington-Drake]]. Millington-Drake wrote in his memoirs that he suggested the airline be named using a memorable acronym, taking [[SABENA]] as an example. It was then decided on "PLUNA", an acronym for ''Primeras Líneas Uruguayas de Navegación Aérea'' ({{langx|en|First Uruguayan Air Navigation Lines}}). Millington-Drake knew De Havilland's representative in Buenos Aires at the time, which helped in the acquisition of the airline's first aircraft. The airline flew two five-seater [[de Havilland Dragonfly]]s from [[Montevideo]] to [[Salto, Uruguay|Salto]] and [[Paysandú]].<ref>[http://www.pluna.aero/english/historia.asp PLUNA's history] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928103418/http://www.pluna.aero/english/historia.asp |date=28 September 2007 }}</ref>{{When|date=August 2011}} The two planes were christened ''Churrinche'' and ''San Alberto'', the latter in honor of the brothers' father. PLUNA flew 2,600 passengers in their first fiscal year, a huge success for that era. It also flew 20,000 pieces of mail and 70,000 newspapers.{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}}
 The [[Air carrier|carrier]] saw the incorporation of both the [[Potez 62]] and the [[Douglas DC-2]] into its fleet in the early 1940s, the latter acquired from the [[U.S. government]].<ref name="FI1966"/> Following the outbreak of [[World War II]], PLUNA was forced to suspend operations between 1942 and 1944, due to the lack of [[spare part]]s.<ref name="FI1966"/> The delicate position PLUNA was in at this time led the Uruguayan Government to aid the company by boosting its stake to 85% on 16 October 1944.<ref name="FI1966"/> The first [[Douglas DC-3]] entered PLUNA's fleet in February 1946.<ref name="FI1966"/> The airline launched regular services to [[Porto Alegre]], [[Brazil]], in May 1948.<ref name="FI1966"/> The carrier later added the cities of [[Santa Cruz, Bolivia|Santa Cruz]] in [[Bolivia]] and [[Buenos Aires]], [[Rosario]] and [[Córdoba, Argentina|Córdoba]] in [[Argentina]] to its network.{{When|date=August 2011}}
@@ Line 54: / Line 54: @@
 In late {{start date|2007|10}}, PLUNA presented its new [[corporate image]], developed by [[Australia]]n design company Cato Partners. This new image is based on the interpretation of the name "Uruguay" as meaning "river of the painted birds" or "river of the colorful birds" ({{langx|es|Río de los pájaros pintados}}).<ref>{{cite news|title= Pluna presenta nueva imagen y planes para la próxima temporada|language= es|trans-title= Pluna presents its new image and plans for the next season|date= 30 October 2007|publisher= Espectador.com|url= http://www.espectador.com/1v4_contenido.php?id=107959|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110721134918/http://www.espectador.com/1v4_contenido.php?id=107959|archive-date= 21 July 2011|url-status= dead|access-date= 6 July 2012}}</ref> The first of seven brand new [[CRJ900]]s that would be incorporated into the fleet during 2008 arrived in March that year; these new aircraft permitted increasing frequencies to existing routes, as well as expanding services to new destinations.<ref>{{cite web|title= Historia de la compañía|trans-title= Company's history|language= es|publisher= Pluna|url= http://www.flypluna.com/cat/es/historia-de-la-compania-28.html|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120501100232/http://www.flypluna.com/cat/es/historia-de-la-compania-28.html|archive-date= 1 May 2012|url-status= dead|access-date= 6 July 2012}}</ref>
-In {{start date|2010|4}}, the Canadian airline holding company [[Chorus Aviation|Jazz Air Income Fund]] invested {{US$|15}}&nbsp;million in LARAH.<ref name="Canadian Fund Invests in Uruguay’s Flagship Carrier PLUNA">{{cite web|url= http://en.mercopress.com/2010/04/27/canadian-fund-invests-in-uruguay-s-flagship-carrier-pluna|title= Canadian Fund Invests in Uruguay’s Flagship Carrier PLUNA|work= MercoPress|date= 27 April 2010|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101226154315/http://en.mercopress.com/2010/04/27/canadian-fund-invests-in-uruguay-s-flagship-carrier-pluna|archive-date= 26 December 2010|url-status= live|access-date= 8 June 2012}}</ref> The move gave this holding an indirect control of 25% of the Uruguayan flag carrier, as LARAH had a participation of 75% into PLUNA at that time; the Government of Uruguay held the balance.<!-- Statement is ambiguous. --><ref name="Canadian Fund Invests in Uruguay’s Flagship Carrier PLUNA"/><ref name="Jazz Air to convert to corporate structure by year-end"/><ref>{{cite press release|publisher= [[Jazz Air]]|date= 26 April 2010|title= Jazz Air Income Fund announces equity investment in South American regional airline, Pluna S.A.|url=http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=194177&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1417600&highlight=|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151018034653/http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=194177&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1417600&highlight=|archive-date= 18 October 2015|url-status= dead|access-date= 8 June 2012}}</ref>{{clarify|date=January 2013}}
+In {{start date|2010|4}}, the Canadian airline holding company [[Chorus Aviation|Jazz Air Income Fund]] invested {{US$|15}}&nbsp;million in LARAH.<ref name="Canadian Fund Invests in Uruguay’s Flagship Carrier PLUNA">{{cite web|url= http://en.mercopress.com/2010/04/27/canadian-fund-invests-in-uruguay-s-flagship-carrier-pluna|title= Canadian Fund Invests in Uruguay's Flagship Carrier PLUNA|work= MercoPress|date= 27 April 2010|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101226154315/http://en.mercopress.com/2010/04/27/canadian-fund-invests-in-uruguay-s-flagship-carrier-pluna|archive-date= 26 December 2010|url-status= live|access-date= 8 June 2012}}</ref> The move gave this holding an indirect control of 25% of the Uruguayan flag carrier, as LARAH had a participation of 75% into PLUNA at that time; the Government of Uruguay held the balance.<!-- Statement is ambiguous. --><ref name="Canadian Fund Invests in Uruguay’s Flagship Carrier PLUNA"/><ref name="Jazz Air to convert to corporate structure by year-end"/><ref>{{cite press release|publisher= [[Jazz Air]]|date= 26 April 2010|title= Jazz Air Income Fund announces equity investment in South American regional airline, Pluna S.A.|url=http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=194177&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1417600&highlight=|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151018034653/http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=194177&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1417600&highlight=|archive-date= 18 October 2015|url-status= dead|access-date= 8 June 2012}}</ref>{{clarify|date=January 2013}}
 In September and October 2010, three additional new CRJ900s aircraft were delivered from the Bombardier factory. In April 2011, three options were taken up for delivery at the end of 2011 and these were delivered between September and November 2011. With these additions, PLUNA's fleet consisted of 13 airplanes, the highest number in its history.
 ===Collapse===
-In early {{start date|2012|6}}, PLUNA's then [[CEO]], [[Matías Campiani]], disclosed that the airline might face collapse amid a financial distress that led to a loss of {{US$|18}}&nbsp;million for the eight months ending in February the same year, partly due to the [[protectionism]] of the [[government of Argentina]] —where the carrier concentrated 21% of its operations— following the renationalisation of [[Aerolíneas Argentinas]] in 2008, and partly due to the slowdown of the [[Economy of Brazil|Brazilian economy]] in the preceding months.<ref name="Uruguay's Pluna warns of collapse, but CEO's missive may be more political than financial"/><ref name="Uruguay's Pluna airline hits 'strong turbulence'"/><ref>{{cite news|title= Uruguay's Pluna Airline CEO warns of 'collapse'|first= Belén|last= Bogado|agency= Associated Press|location= Montevideo|date= 4 June 2012|url= http://m.apnews.com/ap/db_268779/contentdetail.htm?contentguid=KR8ohas9|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190708004121/http://m.apnews.com/ap/db_268779/contentdetail.htm?contentguid=KR8ohas9|archive-date= 8 July 2019|url-status= live|access-date= 21 June 2012}}</ref> Later on, with losses totalling {{US$|300}}&nbsp;million, Leadgate disposed of their 75% stake in the airline, transferring it back to the Uruguayan government.<ref name="Uruguay seeks new investor for Pluna after Leadgate's withdrawal"/><ref>{{cite news|title= Canada and US closely monitoring Uruguay’s flag air carrier in the brink of default|date= 5 June 2012|work= MercoPress|url= http://en.mercopress.com/2012/06/05/canada-and-us-closely-monitoring-uruguay-s-flag-air-carrier-in-the-brink-of-default|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120608044736/http://en.mercopress.com/2012/06/05/canada-and-us-closely-monitoring-uruguay-s-flag-air-carrier-in-the-brink-of-default|archive-date= 8 June 2012|url-status= live|access-date= 20 June 2012}}</ref> By that time, that percentage of PLUNA's stock was owned by LARAH, which was in turn 75% owned by Leadgate and 25% by [[Jazz Air]].<ref>{{cite news|title= Acuerdan salida de socio privado de Pluna y esperan ratificación|first= Andrés|last= Oyhenard|language= es|trans-title= Exit agreed for Pluna's private partner and ratification is awaited|work= [[El Observador (Uruguay)|El Observador]]|date= 12 June 2012|url= http://www.elobservador.com.uy/noticia/225855/acuerdan-salida-de-socio-privado-de-pluna-y-esperan-ratificacion/|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120616011648/http://www.elobservador.com.uy/noticia/225855/acuerdan-salida-de-socio-privado-de-pluna-y-esperan-ratificacion/|archive-date= 16 June 2012|url-status= dead|access-date= 21 June 2012}}</ref> Despite being initially disclosed that Jazz Air was not interested in taking over the entire 75% stock,<ref name="Jazz no está interesada en adquirir más acciones de Pluna"/><ref>{{cite news|title= Chorus Aviation won't invest more to help Pluna airlines out of financial woes|first= Sylvain|last= Larocque|agency= [[The Canadian Press]]|work= [[Canadian Business]]|date= 15 June 2012|url= http://www.canadianbusiness.com/article/87972--chorus-aviation-won-t-invest-more-to-help-pluna-airlines-out-of-financial-woes|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120620174327/http://www.canadianbusiness.com/article/87972--chorus-aviation-won-t-invest-more-to-help-pluna-airlines-out-of-financial-woes|archive-date= 20 June 2012|url-status= dead|access-date= 21 June 2012}}</ref> and that it was later informed that the Canadian airline was evaluating the acquisition,<ref name="Canadian company still interested in recapitalization of Uruguay’s national airline"/><ref name="Ejecutivos de Jazz llegan al país para negociar compra de Pluna"/> the government suspended PLUNA's operations on {{end date|2012|7|5|df=y}}—following a strike that started two days earlier, after failing to find new investors for the company.<ref name="Uruguay's Pluna halts operations indefinitely"/><ref name="Pluna closes down"/><ref name="Uruguay to shut down bankrupt flagship carrier Pluna -source"/> The government announced that both PLUNA's fleet and routes would be auctioned.<ref name="Liquidated Pluna to auction fleet, route rights within 60 days"/> It seemed there were no plans for the government to have any stake in PLUNA's successor.<ref name="Liquidated Pluna to auction fleet, route rights within 60 days"/>
+In early {{start date|2012|6}}, PLUNA's then [[CEO]], [[Matías Campiani]], disclosed that the airline might face collapse amid a financial distress that led to a loss of {{US$|18}}&nbsp;million for the eight months ending in February the same year, partly due to the [[protectionism]] of the [[government of Argentina]] —where the carrier concentrated 21% of its operations— following the renationalisation of [[Aerolíneas Argentinas]] in 2008, and partly due to the slowdown of the [[Economy of Brazil|Brazilian economy]] in the preceding months.<ref name="Uruguay's Pluna warns of collapse, but CEO's missive may be more political than financial"/><ref name="Uruguay's Pluna airline hits 'strong turbulence'"/><ref>{{cite news|title= Uruguay's Pluna Airline CEO warns of 'collapse'|first= Belén|last= Bogado|agency= Associated Press|location= Montevideo|date= 4 June 2012|url= http://m.apnews.com/ap/db_268779/contentdetail.htm?contentguid=KR8ohas9|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190708004121/http://m.apnews.com/ap/db_268779/contentdetail.htm?contentguid=KR8ohas9|archive-date= 8 July 2019|url-status= live|access-date= 21 June 2012}}</ref> Later on, with losses totalling {{US$|300}}&nbsp;million, Leadgate disposed of their 75% stake in the airline, transferring it back to the Uruguayan government.<ref name="Uruguay seeks new investor for Pluna after Leadgate's withdrawal"/><ref>{{cite news|title= Canada and US closely monitoring Uruguay's flag air carrier in the brink of default|date= 5 June 2012|work= MercoPress|url= http://en.mercopress.com/2012/06/05/canada-and-us-closely-monitoring-uruguay-s-flag-air-carrier-in-the-brink-of-default|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120608044736/http://en.mercopress.com/2012/06/05/canada-and-us-closely-monitoring-uruguay-s-flag-air-carrier-in-the-brink-of-default|archive-date= 8 June 2012|url-status= live|access-date= 20 June 2012}}</ref> By that time, that percentage of PLUNA's stock was owned by LARAH, which was in turn 75% owned by Leadgate and 25% by [[Jazz Air]].<ref>{{cite news|title= Acuerdan salida de socio privado de Pluna y esperan ratificación|first= Andrés|last= Oyhenard|language= es|trans-title= Exit agreed for Pluna's private partner and ratification is awaited|work= [[El Observador (Uruguay)|El Observador]]|date= 12 June 2012|url= http://www.elobservador.com.uy/noticia/225855/acuerdan-salida-de-socio-privado-de-pluna-y-esperan-ratificacion/|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120616011648/http://www.elobservador.com.uy/noticia/225855/acuerdan-salida-de-socio-privado-de-pluna-y-esperan-ratificacion/|archive-date= 16 June 2012|url-status= dead|access-date= 21 June 2012}}</ref> Despite being initially disclosed that Jazz Air was not interested in taking over the entire 75% stock,<ref name="Jazz no está interesada en adquirir más acciones de Pluna"/><ref>{{cite news|title= Chorus Aviation won't invest more to help Pluna airlines out of financial woes|first= Sylvain|last= Larocque|agency= [[The Canadian Press]]|work= [[Canadian Business]]|date= 15 June 2012|url= http://www.canadianbusiness.com/article/87972--chorus-aviation-won-t-invest-more-to-help-pluna-airlines-out-of-financial-woes|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120620174327/http://www.canadianbusiness.com/article/87972--chorus-aviation-won-t-invest-more-to-help-pluna-airlines-out-of-financial-woes|archive-date= 20 June 2012|url-status= dead|access-date= 21 June 2012}}</ref> and that it was later informed that the Canadian airline was evaluating the acquisition,<ref name="Canadian company still interested in recapitalization of Uruguay’s national airline"/><ref name="Ejecutivos de Jazz llegan al país para negociar compra de Pluna"/> the government suspended PLUNA's operations on {{end date|2012|7|5|df=y}}—following a strike that started two days earlier, after failing to find new investors for the company.<ref name="Uruguay's Pluna halts operations indefinitely"/><ref name="Pluna closes down"/><ref name="Uruguay to shut down bankrupt flagship carrier Pluna -source"/> The government announced that both PLUNA's fleet and routes would be auctioned.<ref name="Liquidated Pluna to auction fleet, route rights within 60 days"/> It seemed there were no plans for the government to have any stake in PLUNA's successor.<ref name="Liquidated Pluna to auction fleet, route rights within 60 days"/>
-In {{start date|2012|9}}, the auction of the seven Bombardier aircraft that belonged to the liquidated carrier was delayed until {{start date|2012|10}} as there were no bidders.<ref name="Pluna’s fleet auction postponed to Oct. 1"/><ref name="Auction of Pluna’s Bombardier aircraft collapses: terms “non attractive” and “non viable”"/> Cosmo Airlines, a Spanish charter carrier, eventually purchased the seven aircraft at a price of $137 million.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://atwonline.com/aircraft-engines-components/news/cosmo-buys-liquidated-pluna-s-seven-crj900s-1004 |title=Cosmo buys liquidated Pluna’s seven CRJ900s |author=Edvaldo Pereira Lima | date=4 October 2012}}</ref> Regionally, the void created by PLUNA's collapse benefited foreign airlines on some routes.<ref name="Aerolineas Argentinas, BQB, Gol and LAN-TAM poised to benefit from demise of Uruguay's Pluna"/><!-- The auction was finally held, and [[BQB Líneas Aéreas]] bought these seven aircraft for {{US$|137}} million; there are plans for another six aircraft to be auctioned in the future.<ref>{{cite news|title= Cosmo buys liquidated Pluna’s seven CRJ900s|first= Edvaldo|last= Pereira Lima|publisher= [[Air Transport World]]|date= 4 October 2012|url= http://atwonline.com/aircraft-engines-components/news/cosmo-buys-liquidated-pluna-s-seven-crj900s-1004|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121006091957/http://atwonline.com/aircraft-engines-components/news/cosmo-buys-liquidated-pluna-s-seven-crj900s-1004|archive-date= 6 October 2012|url-status= dead|access-date= 4 October 2012}}</ref> The aircraft will be used mainly on flights to Argentina and Brazil.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ieco.clarin.com/economia/Lopez-Mena-compra-aviones-Pluna_0_790721173.html | title=El dueño de Buquebús se queda con los aviones de la ex Pluna | publisher=El Clarín | date=12 October 2012 | access-date=14 October 2012 | language=es}}</ref> -->
+In {{start date|2012|9}}, the auction of the seven Bombardier aircraft that belonged to the liquidated carrier was delayed until {{start date|2012|10}} as there were no bidders.<ref name="Pluna’s fleet auction postponed to Oct. 1"/><ref name="Auction of Pluna’s Bombardier aircraft collapses: terms “non attractive” and “non viable”"/> Cosmo Airlines, a Spanish charter carrier, eventually purchased the seven aircraft at a price of $137 million.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://atwonline.com/aircraft-engines-components/news/cosmo-buys-liquidated-pluna-s-seven-crj900s-1004 |title=Cosmo buys liquidated Pluna's seven CRJ900s |author=Edvaldo Pereira Lima | date=4 October 2012}}</ref> Regionally, the void created by PLUNA's collapse benefited foreign airlines on some routes.<ref name="Aerolineas Argentinas, BQB, Gol and LAN-TAM poised to benefit from demise of Uruguay's Pluna"/><!-- The auction was finally held, and [[BQB Líneas Aéreas]] bought these seven aircraft for {{US$|137}} million; there are plans for another six aircraft to be auctioned in the future.<ref>{{cite news|title= Cosmo buys liquidated Pluna’s seven CRJ900s|first= Edvaldo|last= Pereira Lima|publisher= [[Air Transport World]]|date= 4 October 2012|url= http://atwonline.com/aircraft-engines-components/news/cosmo-buys-liquidated-pluna-s-seven-crj900s-1004|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121006091957/http://atwonline.com/aircraft-engines-components/news/cosmo-buys-liquidated-pluna-s-seven-crj900s-1004|archive-date= 6 October 2012|url-status= dead|access-date= 4 October 2012}}</ref> The aircraft will be used mainly on flights to Argentina and Brazil.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ieco.clarin.com/economia/Lopez-Mena-compra-aviones-Pluna_0_790721173.html | title=El dueño de Buquebús se queda con los aviones de la ex Pluna | publisher=El Clarín | date=12 October 2012 | access-date=14 October 2012 | language=es}}</ref> -->
 In 2016, a Uruguayan court concluded that no Leadgate executives were responsible for Pluna's collapse. Two years later, in 2018 a Panamanian-based investment consortium named Caballero Verde S. de R.L. took ownership of LARAH, which still owned 75% of Pluna's shares. The consortium plans to seek compensation from the Uruguayan government for Pluna's demise.<ref name="New Pluna owners to challenge Uruguay over airline’s demise" />
@@ Line 68: / Line 68: @@
 [[File:Pluna CRJ-900ER CX-CRC AEP 2009-1-12.png|thumb|upright=1.14|A PLUNA CRJ-900 at [[Aeroparque Jorge Newbery]] in 2009.]]{{As of|2011|4}}, PLUNA linked Uruguay with two destinations in Argentina, one in Chile, one in Paraguay, and eight in Brazil.<ref name="Pluna confirma la compra de tres nuevos aviones Bombardier CRJ 900 NextGen"/> The following is a list of destinations that were served by PLUNA as part of its scheduled services throughout its history:
-{|class="sortable wikitable toccolours"
+{|class="sortable wikitable"
 !Country
 !City
@@ Line 319: / Line 319: @@
 <ref name="ATDB">{{cite web|title= SubFleets for: PLUNA|url= http://www.aerotransport.org/php/go.php?query=operator&qstring=PLUNA&where=4218&luck=|work= AeroTransport Data Bank|date= 8 June 2012|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120314024607/http://www.aerotransport.org/php/go.php?query=operator&qstring=PLUNA&where=4218&luck=|archive-date= 14 March 2012|url-status= live|access-date= 8 June 2012}}</ref>
 <!--  -->
-<ref name="Auction of Pluna’s Bombardier aircraft collapses: terms “non attractive” and “non viable”">{{cite news|title= Auction of Pluna’s Bombardier aircraft collapses: terms "non attractive" and "non viable"|publisher= MercoPress|date= 14 September 2012|url= http://en.mercopress.com/2012/09/14/auction-of-pluna-s-bombardier-aircraft-collapses-terms-non-attractive-and-non-viable|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120916230321/http://en.mercopress.com/2012/09/14/auction-of-pluna-s-bombardier-aircraft-collapses-terms-non-attractive-and-non-viable|access-date= 14 September 2012|url-status= live|archive-date= 16 September 2012}}</ref>
+<ref name="Auction of Pluna’s Bombardier aircraft collapses: terms “non attractive” and “non viable”">{{cite news|title= Auction of Pluna's Bombardier aircraft collapses: terms "non attractive" and "non viable"|publisher= MercoPress|date= 14 September 2012|url= http://en.mercopress.com/2012/09/14/auction-of-pluna-s-bombardier-aircraft-collapses-terms-non-attractive-and-non-viable|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120916230321/http://en.mercopress.com/2012/09/14/auction-of-pluna-s-bombardier-aircraft-collapses-terms-non-attractive-and-non-viable|access-date= 14 September 2012|url-status= live|archive-date= 16 September 2012}}</ref>
 <!--  -->
-<ref name="Canadian company still interested in recapitalization of Uruguay’s national airline">{{cite news|title= Canadian company still interested in recapitalization of Uruguay’s national airline|date= 22 June 2012|publisher= MercoPress|url= http://en.mercopress.com/2012/06/22/canadian-company-still-interested-in-recapitalization-of-uruguay-s-national-airline|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160303230142/http://en.mercopress.com/2012/06/22/canadian-company-still-interested-in-recapitalization-of-uruguay-s-national-airline|archive-date= 3 March 2016|url-status= live|access-date= 6 July 2012}}</ref>
+<ref name="Canadian company still interested in recapitalization of Uruguay’s national airline">{{cite news|title= Canadian company still interested in recapitalization of Uruguay's national airline|date= 22 June 2012|publisher= MercoPress|url= http://en.mercopress.com/2012/06/22/canadian-company-still-interested-in-recapitalization-of-uruguay-s-national-airline|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160303230142/http://en.mercopress.com/2012/06/22/canadian-company-still-interested-in-recapitalization-of-uruguay-s-national-airline|archive-date= 3 March 2016|url-status= live|access-date= 6 July 2012}}</ref>
 <!--  -->
 <ref name="El empresario argentino Campiani abandona Pluna">{{cite news|title= El empresario argentino Campiani abandona Pluna|language= es|trans-title=Argentine businessman Campiani abandons Pluna|first= Nélson|last= Fernandez|date= 15 June 2012|newspaper= [[La Nación]]|url= http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1482506-el-empresario-argentino-campiani-abandona-pluna|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120617113722/http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1482506-el-empresario-argentino-campiani-abandona-pluna|archive-date= 17 June 2012|url-status= live|access-date= 21 June 2012}}</ref>
@@ Line 337: / Line 337: @@
 <ref name="Liquidated Pluna to auction fleet, route rights within 60 days">{{cite news|title= Liquidated Pluna to auction fleet, route rights within 60 days|first= Edvaldo|last= Pereira Lima|publisher= [[Air Transport World]]|date= 23 July 2012|url= http://atwonline.com/airline-finance-data/news/liquidated-pluna-auction-fleet-route-rights-within-60-days-0723|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120725021839/http://atwonline.com/airline-finance-data/news/liquidated-pluna-auction-fleet-route-rights-within-60-days-0723|archive-date= 25 July 2012|url-status= dead|access-date= 26 July 2012}}</ref>
 <!-- + -->
-<ref name="New Pluna owners to challenge Uruguay over airline’s demise">{{cite news |last1=Broderick |first1=Sean |title=New Pluna owners to challenge Uruguay over airline’s demise |url=http://atwonline.com/airlines/new-pluna-owners-challenge-uruguay-over-airline-s-demise |publisher=[[Air Transport World]] |date=19 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110005204/http://atwonline.com/airlines/new-pluna-owners-challenge-uruguay-over-airline-s-demise |archive-date=10 November 2018}}</ref>
+<ref name="New Pluna owners to challenge Uruguay over airline’s demise">{{cite news |last1=Broderick |first1=Sean |title=New Pluna owners to challenge Uruguay over airline's demise |url=http://atwonline.com/airlines/new-pluna-owners-challenge-uruguay-over-airline-s-demise |publisher=[[Air Transport World]] |date=19 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110005204/http://atwonline.com/airlines/new-pluna-owners-challenge-uruguay-over-airline-s-demise |archive-date=10 November 2018}}</ref>
 <!--  -->
 <ref name="Pluna closes down">{{cite news|title= Pluna closes down|publisher= Centre for Aviation|date= 6 July 2012|url= http://www.centreforaviation.com/news/pluna-closes-down-163226|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304110728/http://www.centreforaviation.com/news/pluna-closes-down-163226|archive-date= 4 March 2016|url-status= live|access-date= 6 July 2012}}</ref>
@@ Line 347: / Line 347: @@
 <ref name="Pluna to buy three more CRJ900s, looks at CRJ200s">{{cite news|title= Pluna to buy three more CRJ900s, looks at CRJ200s|first= Rainer|last= Uphoff|location= Madrid|agency= Air Transport Intelligence news|work= Flightglobal|date=6 April 2010|url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/pluna-to-buy-three-more-crj900s-looks-at-crj200s-340308/|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121102222233/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/pluna-to-buy-three-more-crj900s-looks-at-crj200s-340308/|archive-date= 2 November 2012|url-status= live|access-date= 30 October 2012}}</ref> -->
 <!--  -->
-<ref name="Pluna’s fleet auction postponed to Oct. 1">{{cite news|title= Pluna’s fleet auction postponed to Oct. 1|first= Edvaldo|last= Pereira Lima|publisher= Air Transport World|date= 14 September 2012|url= http://atwonline.com/aircraft-engines-components/news/pluna-s-fleet-auction-postponed-oct-1-0914|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120917100040/http://atwonline.com/aircraft-engines-components/news/pluna-s-fleet-auction-postponed-oct-1-0914|access-date= 14 September 2012|url-status= dead|archive-date= 17 September 2012}}</ref>
+<ref name="Pluna’s fleet auction postponed to Oct. 1">{{cite news|title= Pluna's fleet auction postponed to Oct. 1|first= Edvaldo|last= Pereira Lima|publisher= Air Transport World|date= 14 September 2012|url= http://atwonline.com/aircraft-engines-components/news/pluna-s-fleet-auction-postponed-oct-1-0914|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120917100040/http://atwonline.com/aircraft-engines-components/news/pluna-s-fleet-auction-postponed-oct-1-0914|access-date= 14 September 2012|url-status= dead|archive-date= 17 September 2012}}</ref>
 <!--  -->
 <ref name="Uruguay seeks new investor for Pluna after Leadgate's withdrawal">{{cite news|title= Uruguay seeks new investor for Pluna after Leadgate's withdrawal|first= Rainer|last= Uphoff|date= 19 June 2012|location= Madrid|work= [[Flightglobal]]|url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/uruguay-seeks-new-investor-for-pluna-after-leadgates-withdrawal-373177/|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120623082508/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/uruguay-seeks-new-investor-for-pluna-after-leadgates-withdrawal-373177/|archive-date= 23 June 2012|url-status= live|access-date= 20 June 2012}}</ref>
@@ Line 353: / Line 353: @@
 <ref name="Uruguay to shut down bankrupt flagship carrier Pluna -source">{{cite news|title= Uruguay to shut down bankrupt flagship carrier Pluna -source|agency= Reuters|first= Malena|last= Castaldi|date= 6 July 2012|url= http://in.reuters.com/article/uruguay-pluna-idINL2E8I5FM620120706|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130104044940/http://in.reuters.com/article/2012/07/06/uruguay-pluna-idINL2E8I5FM620120706|archive-date= 4 January 2013|url-status= dead|access-date= 6 July 2012}}</ref>
 <!--  -->
-<ref name="Uruguay’s flag carrier Pluna indefinitely grounded and most staff redundant">{{cite news|title= Uruguay’s flag carrier Pluna "indefinitely grounded" and most staff redundant|date= 6 July 2012|publisher= MercoPress|url= http://en.mercopress.com/2012/07/06/uruguay-s-flag-carrier-pluna-indefinitely-grounded-and-most-staff-redundant|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120709090300/http://en.mercopress.com/2012/07/06/uruguay-s-flag-carrier-pluna-indefinitely-grounded-and-most-staff-redundant|archive-date= 9 July 2012|url-status= live|access-date= 6 July 2012}}</ref>
+<ref name="Uruguay’s flag carrier Pluna indefinitely grounded and most staff redundant">{{cite news|title= Uruguay's flag carrier Pluna "indefinitely grounded" and most staff redundant|date= 6 July 2012|publisher= MercoPress|url= http://en.mercopress.com/2012/07/06/uruguay-s-flag-carrier-pluna-indefinitely-grounded-and-most-staff-redundant|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120709090300/http://en.mercopress.com/2012/07/06/uruguay-s-flag-carrier-pluna-indefinitely-grounded-and-most-staff-redundant|archive-date= 9 July 2012|url-status= live|access-date= 6 July 2012}}</ref>
 <!--  -->
 <ref name="Uruguay's Pluna airline hits 'strong turbulence'">{{cite news|title= Uruguay's Pluna airline hits 'strong turbulence'|first= Alex|last= Leff|work= [[GlobalPost]]|date= 5 June 2012|url= http://www.globalpost.com/dispatches/globalpost-blogs/chatter/uruguays-pluna-airline-hits-strong-turbulence|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120605213955/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatches/globalpost-blogs/chatter/uruguays-pluna-airline-hits-strong-turbulence|archive-date= 5 June 2012|url-status= live|access-date= 21 June 2012}}</ref>
@@ Line 359: / Line 359: @@
 <ref name="Uruguay's Pluna halts operations indefinitely">{{cite news|title= Uruguay's Pluna halts operations indefinitely|first= David|last= Kaminski-Morrow|work= Flightglobal|date= 6 July 2012|url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/uruguays-pluna-halts-operations-indefinitely-373828/|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160306155652/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/uruguays-pluna-halts-operations-indefinitely-373828/|archive-date= 6 March 2016|url-status= live|access-date= 6 July 2012}}</ref>
 <!--  -->
-<ref name="Uruguay’s Pluna suspends operations indefinitely">{{cite news|title= Uruguay’s Pluna suspends operations indefinitely|first= Edvaldo|last= Pereira Lima|date= 9 July 2012|publisher= Air Transport World|url= http://atwonline.com/airline-finance-data/news/uruguay-s-pluna-suspends-operations-indefinitely-0709|archive-url= https://archive.today/20130117091831/http://atwonline.com/airline-finance-data/news/uruguay-s-pluna-suspends-operations-indefinitely-0709|archive-date= 17 January 2013|url-status= dead|access-date= 9 July 2012}}</ref>
+<ref name="Uruguay’s Pluna suspends operations indefinitely">{{cite news|title= Uruguay's Pluna suspends operations indefinitely|first= Edvaldo|last= Pereira Lima|date= 9 July 2012|publisher= Air Transport World|url= http://atwonline.com/airline-finance-data/news/uruguay-s-pluna-suspends-operations-indefinitely-0709|archive-url= https://archive.today/20130117091831/http://atwonline.com/airline-finance-data/news/uruguay-s-pluna-suspends-operations-indefinitely-0709|archive-date= 17 January 2013|url-status= dead|access-date= 9 July 2012}}</ref>
 <!--  -->
-<ref name="Uruguay’s Pluna temporarily suspends operations after strike threat">{{cite news|title= Uruguay’s Pluna temporarily suspends operations after strike threat|first= Edvaldo|last= Pereira Lima|date= 3 July 2012|publisher= [[Air Transport World]]|url= http://atwonline.com/operations-maintenance/news/uruguay-s-pluna-suspends-operations-after-strike-threat-0703|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121108155404/http://atwonline.com/operations-maintenance/news/uruguay-s-pluna-suspends-operations-after-strike-threat-0703|archive-date= 8 November 2012|url-status= dead|access-date= 6 July 2012}}</ref>
+<ref name="Uruguay’s Pluna temporarily suspends operations after strike threat">{{cite news|title= Uruguay's Pluna temporarily suspends operations after strike threat|first= Edvaldo|last= Pereira Lima|date= 3 July 2012|publisher= [[Air Transport World]]|url= http://atwonline.com/operations-maintenance/news/uruguay-s-pluna-suspends-operations-after-strike-threat-0703|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121108155404/http://atwonline.com/operations-maintenance/news/uruguay-s-pluna-suspends-operations-after-strike-threat-0703|archive-date= 8 November 2012|url-status= dead|access-date= 6 July 2012}}</ref>
 <!--  -->
 <ref name="Uruguay's Pluna warns of collapse, but CEO's missive may be more political than financial">{{cite news|title= Uruguay's Pluna warns of collapse, but CEO's missive may be more political than financial|publisher= Centre for Aviation|date= 8 June 2012|url= http://centreforaviation.com/analysis/uruguays-pluna-warns-of-collapse-but-ceos-missive-may-be-more-political-than-financial-75498|access-date= 31 July 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150731185917/http://centreforaviation.com/analysis/uruguays-pluna-warns-of-collapse-but-ceos-missive-may-be-more-political-than-financial-75498|archive-date= 31 July 2015|url-status= dead}}&nbsp;</ref>
@@ Line 370: / Line 370: @@
 ==External links==
-{{Commons category inline|PLUNA}}
+{{Commons category-inline|PLUNA}}
 *{{cite news|title= ROUTES: Guide to airline start-ups and groundings in 2012|first= Graham|last= Dunn|location= London|work= [[Flightglobal]]|date= 1 October 2012|url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/routes-guide-to-airline-start-ups-and-groundings-in-2012-376918/|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121004043833/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/routes-guide-to-airline-start-ups-and-groundings-in-2012-376918/|url-status= live|archive-date= 4 October 2012}}
 *[http://www.pilotoviejo.com ''Memorias del Tiempo de Vuelo''] (In Spanish)
-{{Portalbar|Uruguay|Aviation}}
+{{Portal bar|Uruguay|Aviation}}
 {{Airlines of Uruguay}}
 {{Authority control}}

PLUNA: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 08:33, 5 October 2025

Contents

History

Foundation

Nationalisation

Privatisation

Collapse

Destinations

Codeshare agreements

Fleet

Fleet at bankruptcy

Historical fleet

Accidents and incidents

See also

References

External links

Navigation menu

PLUNA: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 08:33, 5 October 2025

History

Foundation

Nationalisation

Privatisation

Collapse

Destinations

Codeshare agreements

Fleet

Fleet at bankruptcy

Historical fleet

Accidents and incidents

See also

References

External links

Navigation menu

Search