Hamadryad: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Panmosaic.jpg|thumb|Tile mosaic of [[Pan (mythology)|Pan]] and a Hamadryad, found in [[Pompeii]]{{cn|date=February 2025}}]] | [[File:Panmosaic.jpg|thumb|Tile mosaic of [[Pan (mythology)|Pan]] and a Hamadryad, found in [[Pompeii]]{{cn|date=February 2025}}]] | ||
In [[Greek mythology]], a '''Hamadryad''' or '''Hamadryas''' ({{IPAc-en|h|æ|m|ə|ˈ|d|r|aɪ|.|æ|d}}; {{langx|grc|ἁμαδρυάς, pl: ἁμαδρυάδες|Hamadryás, pl: Hamadryádes}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rhodios |first1=Apollonios |last2=Seaton |first2=Robert Cooper |title=Argonautika 2.477 |date=1900 |publisher=Clarendon Press |page=80 |url=https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC/%CE%92 |access-date=26 July 2023 |language=el}}</ref>) is a tree [[nymph]].<ref>''[[Brill's New Pauly]]'', s.v. Hamadryads.</ref> They are born bonded to a certain tree on which their life depends.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ἁμαδρυάδες - Ancient Greek (LSJ) |url=https://lsj.gr/wiki/%E1%BC%89%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%B4%CF%81%CF%85%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%82 |website=Liddell, Scott, Jones Ancient Greek Lexicon |access-date=26 July 2023}}</ref><ref name="Bell1790">{{cite book|author=[[John Bell (publisher)|John Bell]]|title=Bell's New Pantheon; Or, Historical Dictionary of the Gods, Demi-gods, Heroes, and Fabulous Personages of Antiquity: Also, of the Images and Idols Adored in the Pagan World; Together with Their Temples, Priests, Altars, Oracles, Fasts, Festivals, Games ...|url=https://archive.org/details/bellsnewpantheo00bellgoog|year=1790|publisher=J. Bell|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bellsnewpantheo00bellgoog/page/n376 366]–7}}</ref> Some maintain that a Hamadryad is the tree itself, with a normal dryad being simply the indwelling [[Non-physical entity|entity]], or [[tree deity|spirit]], of the tree. If the tree should die, the Hamadryad associated with it would die as well. For this reason, both dryads and the other gods would punish [[Human|mortal]]s who harmed trees. | In [[Greek mythology]], a '''Hamadryad''' or '''Hamadryas''' ({{IPAc-en|h|æ|m|ə|ˈ|d|r|aɪ|.|æ|d}}; {{langx|grc|ἁμαδρυάς, pl: ἁμαδρυάδες|Hamadryás, pl: Hamadryádes}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rhodios |first1=Apollonios |last2=Seaton |first2=Robert Cooper |title=Argonautika 2.477 |date=1900 |publisher=Clarendon Press |page=80 |url=https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC/%CE%92 |access-date=26 July 2023 |language=el}}</ref>) is a tree [[nymph]].<ref>''[[Brill's New Pauly]]'', s.v. Hamadryads.</ref> They are born bonded to a certain tree on which their life depends.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ἁμαδρυάδες - Ancient Greek (LSJ) |url=https://lsj.gr/wiki/%E1%BC%89%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%B4%CF%81%CF%85%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%82 |website=Liddell, Scott, Jones Ancient Greek Lexicon |access-date=26 July 2023}}</ref><ref name="Bell1790">{{cite book|author=[[John Bell (publisher)|John Bell]]|title=Bell's New Pantheon; Or, Historical Dictionary of the Gods, Demi-gods, Heroes, and Fabulous Personages of Antiquity: Also, of the Images and Idols Adored in the Pagan World; Together with Their Temples, Priests, Altars, Oracles, Fasts, Festivals, Games ...|url=https://archive.org/details/bellsnewpantheo00bellgoog|year=1790|publisher=J. Bell|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bellsnewpantheo00bellgoog/page/n376 366]–7}}</ref> Some maintain that a Hamadryad is the tree itself, with a normal [[Dryad|dryad]] being simply the indwelling [[Non-physical entity|entity]], or [[tree deity|spirit]], of the tree. If the tree should die, the Hamadryad associated with it would die as well. For this reason, both dryads and the other gods would punish [[Human|mortal]]s (such as [[Erysichthon of Thessaly|King Erysichthon]]) who harmed trees. | ||
==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
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* [[Querquetulanae]], Roman nymphs of the oak | * [[Querquetulanae]], Roman nymphs of the oak | ||
* [[Plant soul]], the soul of a plant | * [[Plant soul]], the soul of a plant | ||
* [[Dryad]] | |||
* [http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/Literature.DeipnoSub The Deipnosophists, or, Banquet of the Learned of Athenaeus] presented online by the [http://uwdc.library.wisc.edu University of Wisconsin Digital Collections Center] | * [http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/Literature.DeipnoSub The Deipnosophists, or, Banquet of the Learned of Athenaeus] presented online by the [http://uwdc.library.wisc.edu University of Wisconsin Digital Collections Center] | ||
Latest revision as of 01:16, 7 September 2025
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In Greek mythology, a Hamadryad or Hamadryas (Template:IPAc-en; Template:Langx[1]) is a tree nymph.[2] They are born bonded to a certain tree on which their life depends.[3][4] Some maintain that a Hamadryad is the tree itself, with a normal dryad being simply the indwelling entity, or spirit, of the tree. If the tree should die, the Hamadryad associated with it would die as well. For this reason, both dryads and the other gods would punish mortals (such as King Erysichthon) who harmed trees.
Etymology
The name of the Hamadryades was compounded from the ancient Greek words háma (Script error: No such module "Lang"., Doric: Script error: No such module "Lang"., "together, concurrently"[5][6]) and dryás (Script error: No such module "Lang"., "tree, wood nymph"[7]). This informs the understanding that the life of a Hamadryas is concurrent with that of its tree: one cannot exist without the other.
List of Hamadryads
Template:Greek myth (nymph) The Deipnosophistae of Athenaeus lists eight Hamadryads, the daughters of Oxylus and Hamadryas:
- Karya (walnut or hazelnut)
- Balanos (oak)
- Kraneia (dogwood)
- Morea (mulberry)
- Aigeiros (black poplar)
- Ptelea (elm)
- Ampelos (vines, especially Vitis)
- Syke/Sykea (fig)
Other Hamadryads
Scientific names
The mother, Hamadryas, is immortalized in three scientific names, two of which are still valid: the generic name of the cracker butterfly, the specific name of the northernmost monkey in Asia Minor, the hamadryas baboon, and the original (but no longer valid) genus name of the king cobra (originally Hamadryas hannah, now Ophiophagus hannah). The cracker butterfly is more arboreal than most butterflies, as it commonly camouflages itself on trees. It feeds on sap, rotting fruit and dung. The hamadryas baboon is one of the least arboreal monkeys, but was the most common monkey in Hellenic lands. The king cobra is sometimes considered arboreal or semi-arboreal, and is also referred to by the common name "hamadryad", especially in older literature.
Notes
References
- Brill's New Pauly: Encyclopaedia of the Ancient World. Antiquity, Volume 5, Equ – Has, edited by Hubert Cancik and Helmuth Schneider, Brill, 2004. Template:ISBN.
Further reading
See also
- Querquetulanae, Roman nymphs of the oak
- Plant soul, the soul of a plant
- Dryad
- The Deipnosophists, or, Banquet of the Learned of Athenaeus presented online by the University of Wisconsin Digital Collections Center
Template:Greek mythology (deities)
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Brill's New Pauly, s.v. Hamadryads.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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