Basil Rathbone: Difference between revisions

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Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use British English Script error: No such module "infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Main otherScript error: No such module "Check for clobbered parameters".Template:Wikidata image Philip St. John Basil Rathbone MC (13 June 1892 – 21 July 1967) was an English actor. Born in South Africa and raised in Derbyshire, he rose to prominence in the United Kingdom as a Shakespearean stage actor and went on to appear in more than 70 films, primarily costume dramas, swashbucklers, and, occasionally, horror films.

Rathbone frequently portrayed suave villains or morally ambiguous characters, such as Mr. Murdstone in David Copperfield (1935), Tybalt in Romeo and Juliet (1936) and Sir Guy of Gisbourne in The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). His most famous role was that of Sherlock Holmes in fourteen Hollywood films made between 1939 and 1946 and in a radio series.

Rathbone's later career included roles on Broadway, as well as self-ironic film and television work. In 1948, he shared the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play with two others. He was also nominated for two Academy Awards and honoured with three stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

Early life

Rathbone was born in Johannesburg, South African Republic,^[1] to English parents. His mother, Anna Barbara (née George), was a violinist, and his father, Edgar Philip Rathbone, was a mining engineer and scion of the Liverpool Rathbone family. He had two older half-brothers, Harold and Horace, as well as two younger siblings, Beatrice and John. Basil was the great-grandson of the noted Victorian philanthropist, William Rathbone V, and thus a descendant of William Rathbone II.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

The Rathbones fled to Britain when Basil was three years old after his father was accused by the Boers of being a spy following the Jameson Raid. Rathbone attended Repton School in Derbyshire from 1906 to 1910, where he excelled at sports and was given the nickname "Ratters" by schoolmates. Thereafter, he was briefly employed as an insurance clerk by the Liverpool and Globe Insurance Companies,^[2] to appease his father's wish for him to have a conventional career.^[3]

On 22 April 1911, Rathbone made his first appearance on stage at the Theatre Royal, Ipswich, Suffolk, as Hortensio in The Taming of the Shrew, with his cousin Sir Frank Benson's No. 2 Company, under the direction of Henry Herbert. In October 1912, he went to the United States with Benson's company, playing roles such as Paris in Romeo and Juliet, Fenton in The Merry Wives of Windsor, and Silvius in As You Like It. Returning to Britain, he made his first appearance in London at the Savoy Theatre on 9 July 1914, as Finch in The Sin of David. That December, he appeared at the Shaftesbury Theatre as the Dauphin in Henry V. During 1915, he toured with Benson and appeared with him at London's Court Theatre in December as Lysander in A Midsummer Night's Dream.

Military service

During the First World War (in 1915), Rathbone was called up via the Derby Scheme into the British Army as a private with the London Scottish Regiment, joining a regiment that also included his future professional acting contemporaries Claude Rains, Herbert Marshall and Ronald Colman at different points during the conflict. After basic training with the London Scots in early 1916, he received a commission as a lieutenant in the 2/10th Battalion of the King's Liverpool Regiment (Liverpool Scottish), where he served as an intelligence officer, eventually attaining the rank of captain.^[4]

Rathbone was a two-time British Army Fencing Champion; a skill that served him well in the movies, it allowed him to teach swordsmanship to actors Errol Flynn and Tyrone Power.

Rathbone was deeply affected by the news that his younger brother John, a captain in the Dorsetshire Regiment, had been killed in action near Arras on 4 June 1918.^[5] In 2012 two letters Rathbone wrote to his family while he was serving on the Western Front were published. One reveals the anguish and anger he felt following the death of John:

I want to tell him to mind his place. I think of his ridiculous belief that everything would always be well, his ever-hopeful smile, and I want to cuff him for a little fool. He had no business to let it happen and it maddens me that I shall never be able to tell him so, or change it or bring him back. I can't think of him without being consumed with anger at him for being dead and beyond anything I can do to him.
— 26 July 1918^[6]

Following his brother's death, Rathbone appears to have become unconcerned about the dangers of serving at the front. Richard Van Emden in Famous 1914–18 speculates that his extreme bravery may have been a form of guilt or a need for vengeance.^[7] He persuaded his superiors to allow him to scout enemy positions during daylight rather than at night, as was the usual practice to minimise the chance of detection.^[8] Rathbone wore a special camouflage suit that resembled a tree with a wreath of freshly plucked foliage on his head, and with burnt cork applied to his hands and face.^[9] As a result of these highly dangerous daylight reconnaissance missions in September 1918 he was awarded the Military Cross for "conspicuous daring and resource on patrol".^[10]

Career

Theatre

File:Rathbone-Barretts-of-Wimpole-Street.jpg

Rathbone as Robert Browning in Katharine Cornell's 1933–1934 touring production of The Barretts of Wimpole Street

During the Summer Festival of 1919, he appeared at Stratford-upon-Avon with the New Shakespeare Company playing Romeo, Cassius, Ferdinand in The Tempest and Florizel in The Winter's Tale; in October he was at London's Queen's Theatre as the aide de camp in Napoleon, and in February 1920 he was at the Savoy Theatre in the title role in Peter Ibbetson with huge success.

During the 1920s, Rathbone appeared regularly in Shakespearean and other roles on the British stage. He began to travel and appeared at the Cort Theatre, New York City, in October 1923 in a production of Molnár's play The Swan opposite Eva Le Gallienne, which made him a star on Broadway. He toured in the United States in 1925, appearing in San Francisco in May and the Lyceum Theatre, New York, in October. He was in the US again in 1927 and 1930 and again in 1931, when he appeared on stage with Ethel Barrymore. He continued his stage career in Britain, returning late in 1934 to the US, where he appeared with Katharine Cornell in several plays.

Rathbone was once arrested in 1926 along with every other member of the cast of The Captive, a play in which his character's wife left him for another woman. Though the charges were eventually dropped, Rathbone was very angry about the censorship because he believed that homosexuality needed to be brought into the open.^[11]^[12]

File:Romeo and Juliet lobby card 2.jpg

With John Barrymore and Leslie Howard in Romeo and Juliet, 1936

Film

He commenced his film career in Hollywood in 1921 in silent movies and appeared in 1923's The School for Scandal, and in The Masked Bride, plus a few other silents. His sound debut was in the first screen adaptation of Frederick Lonsdale's play Template:Film show year opposite Norma Shearer, which was his last appearance as a romantic leading man. He portrayed detective Philo Vance in the 1930 film The Bishop Murder Case, based on the best-selling novel. In the film, there is a coincidental reference to Sherlock Holmes. Like George Sanders and Vincent Price after him, Rathbone made a name for himself in the 1930s by playing suave villains in costume dramas and swashbucklers, including Template:Film show year as the abusive stepfather Mr. Murdstone; Template:Film show year as her distant husband, Karenin; Template:Film show year as Pontius Pilate; Template:Film show year; Template:Film show year, as the Marquis St. Evremonde; The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938) playing his best-remembered villain, Sir Guy of Gisbourne; The Adventures of Marco Polo (1938); and Template:Film show year as Captain Esteban Pasquale. He also appeared in several early horror films: Template:Film show year, as Richard III, and Son of Frankenstein (1939), portraying the dedicated surgeon Baron Wolf von Frankenstein, son of the monster's creator, and, in 1949, was also the narrator for the segment "The Wind in the Willows" in the Disney animated feature, The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad.

He was admired for his athletic swordsmanship. (He listed fencing among his favourite recreations.) His character lost to Errol Flynn twice: in a duel on the beach in Captain Blood and in an elaborate fight sequence in The Adventures of Robin Hood. He was also involved in noteworthy sword fights in Tower of London, The Mark of Zorro, and The Court Jester. Rathbone earned Academy Award nominations for Best Actor in a Supporting Role for his performances as Tybalt in Romeo and Juliet (1936) and as King Louis XI in If I Were King (1938). In Template:Film show year, he played one of his few heroic roles in the 1930s, as a Royal Flying Corps (RFC) squadron commander brought to the brink of a nervous breakdown by the strain and guilt of sending his battle-weary pilots off to near-certain death in the skies of 1915 France. Errol Flynn, Rathbone's perennial foe, starred in the film as his successor when Rathbone's character is promoted.

According to Hollywood legend, Rathbone was Margaret Mitchell's first choice to play Rhett Butler in the film version of her novel Gone with the Wind.^[13] Rathbone actively campaigned for the role.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Despite his film success, Rathbone always insisted that he wished to be remembered for his stage career. He said that his favourite role was Romeo.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

The Sherlock Holmes films

File:Basil Rathbone Sherlock Holmes.jpeg

Basil Rathbone as Sherlock Holmes

Template:Main article Rathbone is most widely recognised for his many portrayals of Sherlock Holmes. In a radio interview, Rathbone recalled that Twentieth Century-Fox producer and director Gene Markey, lunching with producer-director-actor Gregory Ratoff and 20th Century-Fox mogul Daryl Zanuck at Lucey's Restaurant in Hollywood, proposed a film version of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's The Hound of the Baskervilles. When asked who could possibly play Holmes, Markey incredulously replied, "Who?! Basil Rathbone!" The film was so successful that Fox produced a sequel that appeared later in 1939. Interest in Holmes cooled at Fox, but Universal Pictures picked up the character, and produced 12 Holmes features from 1942 to 1946.^[14] All of the Fox and Universal features co-starred Nigel Bruce as Dr. Watson.

The first two films, The Hound of the Baskervilles and The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (both produced by Fox in 1939), were set in the late Victorian times of the original stories. The later instalments, produced by Universal, beginning with Sherlock Holmes and the Voice of Terror (1942), were set in contemporary times, with the first three having World War II-related plots.

Concurrent with the films, Rathbone and Bruce reprised their film roles in the radio series The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, which began in October 1939. Rathbone appeared in the radio series as long as the film series was active, but, after the films lapsed in 1946, Rathbone ceded his radio part to Tom Conway. Conway and Bruce carried on with the series for two seasons, until both dropped out in July 1947.

The many Holmes sequels typecast Rathbone, and he was unable to free himself from the shadow of the Great Detective, despite appearing in other film roles. Resenting the typecasting, Rathbone refused to renew his contract at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and returned to Broadway. In later years, Rathbone willingly made the Holmes association, as in a TV sketch with Milton Berle in the early 1950s, in which he donned the deerstalker cap and Inverness cape. In the 1960s, dressed as Holmes, he appeared in a series of TV commercials for Getz Exterminators ("Getz gets 'em, since 1888!'").

In 1953, Rathbone played the detective in The Adventure of the Black Baronet, an episode of the anthology television series Suspense. Later that year, he also brought Holmes to the stage in a play written by his wife Ouida. Thomas Gomez, who had appeared as a Nazi ringleader in Sherlock Holmes and the Voice of Terror, played the villainous Professor Moriarty. Nigel Bruce was slated to portray Dr Watson once more but became too ill and the part was played by character actor Jack Raine. Bruce's absence depressed Rathbone, particularly after Bruce died on 8 October 1953, while the play was in rehearsals. The play ran for only three performances.

Later career

In the 1950s, Rathbone appeared in two spoofs of his earlier swashbuckling villains: Casanova's Big Night (1954) opposite Bob Hope and The Court Jester (1956) with Danny Kaye. He appeared frequently on TV game shows and continued to appear in major films, including the Humphrey Bogart comedy Template:Film show year and John Ford's political drama Template:Film show year.

Rathbone also appeared on Broadway numerous times in this period. In 1948, he shared the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play for his performance as the unyielding Dr. Austin Sloper in the original production of The Heiress and with Henry Fonda in Mister Roberts and Paul Kelly in Command Decision. He also received accolades for his performance in Archibald Macleish's J.B., a modernisation of the Biblical trials of Job.

Through the 1950s and 1960s, he continued to appear in several dignified anthology programmes on television. To support his second wife's lavish tastes, he appeared as a panellist on the television game show The Name's the Same (in 1954), and took roles in cheap film thrillers of far lesser quality, such as The Black Sleep (1956), Queen of Blood (1966), The Ghost in the Invisible Bikini (1966, wherein the character 'Eric Von Zipper' played by Harvey Lembeck jokes, "That guy looks like Sherlock Holmes"), Hillbillys in a Haunted House (1967, also featuring Lon Chaney Jr and John Carradine), and his last film, a low-budget, horror film called Autopsy of a Ghost (1968).

He is also known for his spoken word recordings, including his interpretation of Clement C. Moore's "The Night Before Christmas". Rathbone's readings of the stories and poems of Edgar Allan Poe are collected together with readings by Vincent Price in Caedmon Audio's The Edgar Allan Poe Audio Collection on CD.

In four Caedmon albums, Rathbone revisited his characterisation of Sherlock Holmes. The first, "The Speckled Band" (Caedmon Records TC 1172, recorded in 1963), is a straight narration of the tale. In the rest, he changes his voice for each character, including a rendition of Nigel Bruce as Dr. Watson.^[15]

Rathbone also made many other recordings, including Oliver Twist, Prokofiev's Peter and the Wolf (with Leopold Stokowski conducting), and Charles Dickens's A Christmas Carol.^[15]

On television, he appeared in two musical versions of Dickens's A Christmas Carol: one in 1954, in which he played Marley's Ghost opposite Fredric March's Scrooge, and the original 1956 live action version of The Stingiest Man in Town (1956), in which he starred as a singing Ebenezer Scrooge.

In the 1960s, he toured with a one-man show, In and Out of Character (the same title as his autobiography). He recited poetry and Shakespeare, accented by reminiscences from his life and career (including the humorous, "I could have killed Errol Flynn any time I wanted to!"). As an encore, he recited "221B", a poem written by writer-critic Vincent Starrett, one of the preeminent members of the Baker Street Irregulars whom Rathbone held in high regard.

Price and Rathbone appeared together, along with Boris Karloff, in Tower of London (1939) and The Comedy of Terrors (1963). The latter was the only film to feature the "Big Four" of American International Pictures' horror films: Price, Rathbone, Karloff and Peter Lorre. Rathbone appeared with Price in the final segment of Roger Corman's 1962 anthology film Tales of Terror, a loose dramatisation of Poe's "The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar".

In 1965, Belmont Books issued the anthology Basil Rathbone Selects Strange Tales, a collection of horror stories by Poe, Hawthorne, Bulwer-Lytton, Charles Dickens, Allston Collins, Le Fanu, and Wilkie Collins. The volume features a cover portrait of Rathbone; however, the back cover's legend "Produced by Lyle Kenyon Engel" indicates the anthology probably was not edited by Rathbone. Canadian editor and book packager Engel packaged shows and magazines for other horror stars, including Boris Karloff.^[16]

Basil Rathbone has three stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame: one for films at 6549 Hollywood Boulevard; one for radio at 6300 Hollywood Boulevard; and one for television at 6915 Hollywood Boulevard in Hollywood.

Personal life

Rathbone married actress Ethel Marion Foreman (1887–1976) in 1914. They had one son, Rodion Rathbone (1915–1996), who had a brief Hollywood career under the name John Rodion. The couple divorced in 1926. In the same year, he married writer Ouida Bergère; their infant child died in 1928. In 1939, the couple adopted a daughter, Cynthia Rathbone (1939–1969). The American actor Jackson Rathbone is a distant relation.^[17]

Rathbone bore a strong resemblance to his cousin, the actor Frank Benson.^[18] He was a first cousin once removed of the campaigning independent British MP Eleanor Rathbone.

During Rathbone's Hollywood career Ouida Rathbone, who was also her husband's business manager, developed a reputation for hosting elaborate and expensive parties in their home, with many prominent and influential people on the guest lists. This trend inspired a joke in The Ghost Breakers (1940), a film in which Rathbone does not appear: during a tremendous thunderstorm in New York City Bob Hope observes that "Basil Rathbone must be throwing a party." Actress Mrs Patrick Campbell described Rathbone as "two profiles pasted together".^[19] As cited in the same autobiography, Mrs Campbell later referred to him as "a folded umbrella taking elocution lessons".^[20]

Rathbone was a devout Anglican (or, in U.S. English, Episcopalian) and a member of the Episcopal Actors Guild.^[21]

Death

Rathbone died suddenly of a heart attack in New York City on 21 July 1967 at the age of 75. His body was interred in a crypt in the Shrine of Memories Mausoleum at Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, New York.^[22]

Filmography

Film

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1921	Innocent	Amadis de Jocelyn
1921	The Fruitful Vine	Don Cesare Carelli
1923	The School for Scandal	Joseph Surface
1923	The Loves of Mary, Queen of Scots	Bit part	Uncredited
1924	Trouping with Ellen	Tony Winterslip	Lost film
1925	The Masked Bride	Antoine
1926	The Great Deception	Rizzio
1929	The Last of Mrs. Cheyney	Lord Arthur Dilling
1930	The Bishop Murder Case	Philo Vance
	This Mad World	Paul Parisot
	A Notorious Affair	Paul Gherardi
	The Flirting Widow	Colonel John "Johnny" Vaughn-Smith
	The Lady of Scandal	Edward, Duke of Warrington
	The Lady Surrenders	Carl Vandry
	Sin Takes a Holiday	Reginald "Reggie" Durant
1932	A Woman Commands	Capt. Alex Pastitsch
1932	After the Ball	Jack Harrowby
1933	One Precious Year	Derek Nagel
1933	Loyalties	Ferdinand de Levis
1935	David Copperfield	Mr. Murdstone
	Anna Karenina	Karenin
	The Last Days of Pompeii	Pontius Pilate
	A Feather in Her Hat	Captain Randolph Courtney
	Kind Lady	Henry Abbott
	A Tale of Two Cities	Marquis St. Evremonde
	Captain Blood	Levasseur
1936	Private Number	Thomas Wroxton
	Romeo and Juliet	Tybalt	Nominated–Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
	The Garden of Allah	Count Ferdinand Anteoni
1937	Love from a Stranger	Gerald Lovell
	Confession	Michael Michailow, aka Michael Koslov
	Make a Wish	Johnny Selden
	Tovarich	Commissar Dimitri Gorotchenko
1938	The Adventures of Marco Polo	Ahmed
	The Adventures of Robin Hood	Sir Guy of Gisbourne
	If I Were King	King Louis XI	Nominated–Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
	The Dawn Patrol	Major Brand
1939	Son of Frankenstein	Baron Wolf von Frankenstein
	The Hound of the Baskervilles	Sherlock Holmes
	The Sun Never Sets	Clive Randolph
	The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes	Sherlock Holmes
	Rio	Paul Reynard
	Tower of London	Richard – Duke of Gloucester
1940	Rhythm on the River	Oliver Courtney
1940	The Mark of Zorro	Captain Esteban Pasquale
1941	The Mad Doctor	Dr. George Sebastian
	The Black Cat	Montague Hartley
	International Lady	Reggie Oliver
	Paris Calling	Andre Benoit
1942	Fingers at the Window	Cesar Ferrari / Dr. H. Santelle
	Crossroads	Henri Sarrou
	Sherlock Holmes and the Voice of Terror	Sherlock Holmes
	Sherlock Holmes and the Secret Weapon
1943	Sherlock Holmes in Washington
	Above Suspicion	Sig von Aschenhausen
	Sherlock Holmes Faces Death	Sherlock Holmes
	Crazy House		Cameo appearance
	The Spider Woman
1944
	Bathing Beauty	George Adams
	The Pearl of Death	Sherlock Holmes
	The Scarlet Claw	Sherlock Holmes
	Frenchman's Creek	Lord Rockingham
1945	The House of Fear	Sherlock Holmes
	The Woman in Green
	Pursuit to Algiers
1946	Terror by Night
	Heartbeat	Professor Aristide
	Dressed to Kill	Sherlock Holmes
1949	The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad	Narrator	Segment: "The Wind in the Willows"
1954	Casanova's Big Night	Lucio / Narrator
1955	We're No Angels	Andre Trochard
1955	The Court Jester	Sir Ravenhurst
1956	The Black Sleep	Sir Joel Cadman
1958	The Last Hurrah	Norman Cass Sr.
1961	The Black Cat	Voices	Short film
1961	Mystic Prophecies and Nostradamus	Narrator
1962	The Magic Sword	Lodac
	Ponzio Pilato	Caiaphas
	Tales of Terror	Carmichael	Segment: "The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar"
	Two Before Zero (aka Red Hell)	Narrator
1963	The Comedy of Terrors	John F. Black, Esq.
1965	Voyage to the Prehistoric Planet	Prof. Hartman, Lunar 7
1965	Dr. Rock and Mr. Roll
1966	Queen of Blood	Dr. Farraday
1966	The Ghost in the Invisible Bikini	Reginald Ripper
1967	Hillbillys in a Haunted House	Gregor	final film released during his lifetime
1968	Autopsia de un fantasma	Canuto Perez	final film role, released posthumously
1986	The Great Mouse Detective	Sherlock Holmes	archive sound, released posthumously

Television

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1953	Season's Greetings		TV movie
1954	Shower of Stars	Jacob Marley	Episode: "A Christmas Carol"
1954	Schlitz Playhouse of Stars	General Lee	Episode: "The General's Boots"
1955	Svengali and the Blonde	Svengali	TV movie
1953	The Alcoa Hour	Ebenezer Scrooge	Episode: "The Stingiest Man in Town"^[23]
1957	The Lark	Chief Inquisitor	TV movie
1958	Hans Brinker and the Silver Skates	Dr. Boekman	TV movie
1961	Hallmark Hall of Fame	Benjamin Disraeli	Episode: "Victoria Regina"

Radio appearances

Year	Program	Episode/source
1937	Lux Radio Theatre	Captain Blood^[24]
1939–46	The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes
1943	Lux Radio Theatre	The Phantom of the Opera
1949	Tales of Fatima
1952	Theatre Guild on the Air	Oliver Twist^[25]
1952	Theatre Guild on the Air	The Winslow Boy^[26]

Stage credits

Year	Title	Role(s)	Venue(s)	Notes	Ref.
1913	As You Like It	Silvius	Shakespeare Memorial Theatre; North American tour		^[27]^[28]
	Hamlet	Guildenstern			^[29]^[30]
	Henry IV, Part 2	Westmoreland			^[31]^[32]
	King John	Lewis			^[33]^[34]
	The Merchant of Venice	Lorenzo			^[35]^[36]
	The Merry Wives of Windsor	Fenton			^[37]^[38]
	Richard II	Duke of Aumerle			^[39]^[40]
	Romeo and Juliet	Paris			^[41]^[42]
	Twelfth Night	Sebastian			^[43]^[44]
	Richelieu	Clermont	Shakespeare Memorial Theatre		^[45]
	The Tragedy of Pompey the Great	Sailor	Shakespeare Memorial Theatre		^[46]
	Henry V	Louis the Dauphin	North American tour		^[47]
1914	As You Like It	Silvius	Shakespeare Memorial Theatre		^[48]
	Hamlet	Guildenstern			^[49]
	Henry IV, Part 2	Earl of Westmoreland, Poins			^[50]
	Henry V	Louis the Dauphin			^[51]
	Julius Caesar	Octavius Caesar			^[52]
	The Merchant of Venice	Lorenzo			^[53]
	The Merry Wives of Windsor	Fenton			^[54]
	Much Ado About Nothing	Conrad			^[55]
	Richard II	Duke of Aumerle			^[56]
	Romeo and Juliet	Paris			^[57]
	She Stoops to Conquer	Tom Twist			^[58]
	Twelfth Night	Sebastian			^[59]
1915	Julius Caesar	Octavius Caesar			^[60]
	Romeo and Juliet	Romeo			^[61]
	The Merchant of Venice	Bassanio			^[62]
	The Merry Wives of Windsor	Mr Page			^[63]
	Hamlet	Laertes			^[64]
	Henry V	Louis the Dauphin			^[65]
	The Taming of the Shrew	Lucentio			^[66]
	Richard III	Duke of Norfolk, Lord Hastings			^[67]
	Twelfth Night	Orsino			^[68]
	Coriolanus	Tullus Aufidius			^[69]
	Richard II	Duke of Aumerle			^[70]
	Henry IV, Part 2	Prince Henry			^[71]
	As You Like It	Orlando			^[72]
	Paolo and Francesca	Paolo			^[73]
1919	The Merry Wives of Windsor	Fenton			^[74]
	The Winter's Tale	Florizel			^[75]
	Julius Caesar	Cassius			^[76]
	A Midsummer Night's Dream	Lysander			^[77]
	The Tempest	Ferdinand			^[78]
	Romeo and Juliet	Romeo			^[79]
1922	The Czarina	Count Alexei Czerny	Empire Theatre	Broadway debut	^[80]^[81]
1923	The Swan	Dr. Nicholas Agi	Cort Theatre		^[82]
1924	The Swan	Dr. Nicholas Agi	Empire Theatre		^[83]
1924	The Assumption of Hannele	Gottwald, The Stranger	Cort Theatre		^[84]
1925	The Grand Duchess and the Waiter	Albert	Lyceum Theatre		^[85]
1926	Port O' London	Anthony Pook	Daly's 63rd Street Theatre		^[86]
1926	The Captive	Jacques Virieu	Empire Theatre		^[85]
1927	Love is Like That	Vladimir Dubriski	Cort Theatre		^[87]
	Julius Caesar	Cassius	New Amsterdam Theatre		^[88]
	The Guardsman	performer	Cape Playhouse		^[89]
	Peter Ibbetson	performer
	The Grand Duchess and the Waiter	performer
	Outward Bound	performer
	The Command to Love	Gaston, Marquis du Saint-Lac	Longacre Theatre		^[90]
1929	Judas	Judas	Longacre Theatre	co-authored by Rathbone and Walter Ferris	^[91]
1930	A Kiss of Importance	Christian Saint Obin	Fulton Theatre		^[92]
1931	Heat Wave	Hugh Dawltry	Fulton Theatre		^[93]
1931	Melo	Marcel Blanc	Ethel Barrymore Theatre		^[94]
1932	The Devil Passes	Rev. Nicholas Lucy	Selwyn Theatre		^[95]
1934	Romeo and Juliet	Romeo	Martin Beck Theatre		^[96]
1946	Obsession	Maurice	Plymouth Theatre		^[97]
1947	The Heiress	Dr. Austin Sloper	Biltmore Theatre	Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play	^[98]^[99]
1949			Cape Playhouse		^[89]
1950			New York City Center		^[100]
	Julius Caesar	Cassius	Arena Theatre		^[101]
	The Gioconda Smile	Henry Hutton	Lyceum Theatre		^[102]
	The Gioconda Smile	Henry Hutton	Fulton Theatre		^[102]
1952	Jane	William Tower	Coronet Theatre		^[103]
1953	Sherlock Holmes	Sherlock Holmes	New Century Theatre	written by Ouida Bergère	^[104]
1957	Hide and Seek	Sir Roger Johnson	Ethel Barrymore Theatre		^[105]
1957	Witness for the Prosecution	performer	Cape Playhouse		^[89]
1959	J.B.	Mr Zuss	ANTA Playhouse	replacement	^[106]

References

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External links

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Template:First word Template:PAGENAMEBASE at the Internet Broadway Database Template:EditAtWikidata Template:WikidataCheck
Template:PAGENAMEBASE at Find a Grave Template:EditAtWikidata
Biography
Template:PAGENAMEBASE discography at Discogs
Basil Rathbone at Virtual History
Basil Rathbone bio on (re)Search my Trash

Template:TonyAward PlayLeadActor Template:Authority control

↑ "South Africa, Church of the Province of South Africa, Parish Registers, 1801–2004," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVSH-SB15 : 16 August 2019), Philip St John Basil Rathbone, 26 March 1894; citing Baptism, Transvaal, South Africa, p. , William Cullen Library, Wits University, Johannesburg.
↑ "England and Wales Census, 1911," database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XWG3-B6W : 8 May 2019), Basil Philip St John Rathbone in household of Colin Forsyth Burn, Stoke Newington, London, England; from "1911 England and Wales census," database and images, findmypast (http://www.findmypast.com : n.d.); citing PRO RG 14, The National Archives of the UK, Kew, Surrey.
↑ basilrathbone.net Retrieved 22 May 2018.
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↑ Basil Rathbone, In and Out of Character (New York: Doubleday, 1962).
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↑ Wilson, Scott. Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons, 3d ed.: 2 (Kindle Locations 38744-38745). McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. Kindle Edition
↑ DVD of program
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[baptism-1] "South Africa, Church of the Province of South Africa, Parish Registers, 1801–2004," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVSH-SB15 : 16 August 2019), Philip St John Basil Rathbone, 26 March 1894; citing Baptism, Transvaal, South Africa, p. , William Cullen Library, Wits University, Johannesburg.

[1911census-2] "England and Wales Census, 1911," database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XWG3-B6W : 8 May 2019), Basil Philip St John Rathbone in household of Colin Forsyth Burn, Stoke Newington, London, England; from "1911 England and Wales census," database and images, findmypast (http://www.findmypast.com : n.d.); citing PRO RG 14, The National Archives of the UK, Kew, Surrey.

[3] silrathbone.net Retrieved 22 May 2018.

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[5] "Famous 1914–18," Richard Van Emden, 2010, p. 132

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[7] Famous 1914–18, Richard Van Emden, 2010, p. 134

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[9] In and Out of Character, Basil Rathbone, 1962, p. 2

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[14] Motion Picture Herald, 2 February 1946, p. 41.

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[autogenerated1-19] Basil Rathbone, In and Out of Character (New York: Doubleday, 1962).

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[22] Wilson, Scott. Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons, 3d ed.: 2 (Kindle Locations 38744-38745). McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. Kindle Edition

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Basil Rathbone: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 02:09, 30 October 2025

Contents

Early life

Military service

Career

Theatre

Film

The Sherlock Holmes films

Later career

Personal life

Death

Filmography

Film

Television

Radio appearances

Stage credits

See also

References

Further reading

External links

Navigation menu

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Short description|English actor (1892–1967)}}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
+{{Use British English|date=August 2025}}
 {{Infobox person
 | name               = Basil Rathbone
 | honorific_suffix   = [[Military Cross|MC]]
-| image              = Basil Rathbone headshot, 1935.jpg
+| image              = Basil Rathbone, 1935.jpg
-| caption            = Basil Rathbone (1935)
+| caption            = Rathbone in 1935
 | birth_name         = Philip St. John Basil Rathbone
 | birth_date         = {{Birth date|1892|6|13|df=y}}
-| birth_place        = [[Johannesburg]], [[South African Republic]]
+| birth_place        = [[Johannesburg]], [[South African Republic]]<br>{{small|(present-day South Africa)}}
 | death_date         = {{Death date and age|1967|7|21|1892|6|13|df=y}}
-| death_place        = [[New York City]], US
+| death_place        = New York City, New York, US
 | resting_place      = [[Ferncliff Cemetery and Mausoleum|Ferncliff Cemetery Shrine of Memories]], [[Hartsdale, New York]], US
+| citizenship        = United Kingdom
 | years_active       = 1911–1967
 | occupation         = Actor
 | spouse             = {{plainlist|
-* {{marriage|Ethel Marian Foreman|1914|1926|reason=divorced}}
+* {{marriage|Ethel Marion Foreman|1914|1926|reason=divorced}}
 * {{marriage|[[Ouida Bergère]]|1926}}
 }}
 | children           = 3
-| relatives          = [[Frank Benson (actor)|Sir Frank Benson]] (cousin)
+| relatives          = [[Frank Benson (actor)|Sir Frank Benson]] (cousin)<br>[[William Rathbone V]] (great-grandfather)
+| family             = [[Rathbone family|Rathbone]]
 | module             = {{Infobox military person|embed=yes
 | allegiance    = {{Flagu|United Kingdom|size=23px}}
@@ Line 31: / Line 34: @@
 }}
 }}
-'''Philip St. John Basil Rathbone''' [[Military Cross|MC]] (13 June 1892 – 21 July 1967) was an [[Anglo-South African]] actor. He rose to prominence in the United Kingdom as a [[Shakespearean]] stage actor and went on to appear in more than 70 films, primarily costume dramas, [[swashbuckler]]s, and, occasionally, horror films.
+'''Philip St. John Basil Rathbone''' [[Military Cross|MC]] (13 June 1892 – 21 July 1967) was an English actor. Born in South Africa and raised in [[Derbyshire]], he rose to prominence in the United Kingdom as a [[Shakespearean]] stage actor and went on to appear in more than 70 films, primarily costume dramas, [[swashbuckler]]s, and, occasionally, horror films.
 Rathbone frequently portrayed suave villains or morally ambiguous characters, such as [[Edward Murdstone|Mr. Murdstone]] in ''[[David Copperfield (1935 film)|David Copperfield]]'' (1935), Tybalt in ''[[Romeo and Juliet (1936 film)|Romeo and Juliet]]'' (1936) and [[Sir Guy of Gisbourne]] in ''[[The Adventures of Robin Hood]]'' (1938). His most famous role was that of [[Sherlock Holmes]] in [[Sherlock Holmes (1939 film series)|fourteen Hollywood films made between 1939 and 1946]] and in a radio series.
@@ Line 38: / Line 41: @@
 ==Early life==
-Rathbone was born in [[Johannesburg]], [[South African Republic]],<ref name="baptism">"South Africa, Church of the Province of South Africa, Parish Registers, 1801–2004," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVSH-SB15 : 16 August 2019), Philip St John Basil Rathbone, 26 March 1894; citing Baptism, Transvaal, South Africa, p. , William Cullen Library, Wits University, Johannesburg.</ref> to British parents. His mother, Anna Barbara (''née'' George), was a violinist, and his father, Edgar Philip Rathbone, was a mining engineer and scion of the [[Liverpool]] [[Rathbone family]]. He had two older half-brothers, Harold and Horace, as well as two younger siblings, Beatrice and John. Basil was the great-grandson of the noted Victorian philanthropist, [[William Rathbone V]], and thus a descendant of [[William Rathbone II]].{{Citation needed |date=February 2023}}
+Rathbone was born in [[Johannesburg]], [[South African Republic]],<ref name="baptism">"South Africa, Church of the Province of South Africa, Parish Registers, 1801–2004," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVSH-SB15 : 16 August 2019), Philip St John Basil Rathbone, 26 March 1894; citing Baptism, Transvaal, South Africa, p. , William Cullen Library, Wits University, Johannesburg.</ref> to English parents. His mother, Anna Barbara (''née'' George), was a violinist, and his father, Edgar Philip Rathbone, was a mining engineer and scion of the [[Liverpool]] [[Rathbone family]]. He had two older half-brothers, Harold and Horace, as well as two younger siblings, Beatrice and John. Basil was the great-grandson of the noted Victorian philanthropist, [[William Rathbone V]], and thus a descendant of [[William Rathbone II]].{{Citation needed |date=February 2023}}
-The Rathbones fled to Britain when Basil was three years old after his father was accused by the [[Boer]]s of being a spy following the [[Jameson Raid]]. Rathbone attended [[Repton School]] in [[Derbyshire]] from 1906 to 1910, where he excelled at sports and was given the nickname "Ratters" by schoolmates. Thereafter, he was briefly employed as an insurance clerk by the Liverpool and Globe Insurance Companies,<ref name="1911census">"England and Wales Census, 1911," database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XWG3-B6W : 8 May 2019), Basil Philip St John Rathbone in household of Colin Forsyth Burn, Stoke Newington, London, England, United Kingdom; from "1911 England and Wales census," database and images, findmypast (http://www.findmypast.com : n.d.); citing PRO RG 14, The National Archives of the UK, Kew, Surrey.</ref> to appease his father's wish for him to have a conventional career.<ref>[http://www.basilrathbone.net/biography/ basilrathbone.net] Retrieved 22 May 2018.</ref>
+The Rathbones fled to Britain when Basil was three years old after his father was accused by the [[Boer]]s of being a spy following the [[Jameson Raid]]. Rathbone attended [[Repton School]] in Derbyshire from 1906 to 1910, where he excelled at sports and was given the nickname "Ratters" by schoolmates. Thereafter, he was briefly employed as an insurance clerk by the Liverpool and Globe Insurance Companies,<ref name="1911census">"England and Wales Census, 1911," database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XWG3-B6W : 8 May 2019), Basil Philip St John Rathbone in household of Colin Forsyth Burn, Stoke Newington, London, England; from "1911 England and Wales census," database and images, findmypast (http://www.findmypast.com : n.d.); citing PRO RG 14, The National Archives of the UK, Kew, Surrey.</ref> to appease his father's wish for him to have a conventional career.<ref>[http://www.basilrathbone.net/biography/ basilrathbone.net] Retrieved 22 May 2018.</ref>
-On 22 April 1911, Rathbone made his first appearance on stage at the Theatre Royal, [[Ipswich]], [[Suffolk]], as Hortensio in ''[[The Taming of the Shrew]]'', with his cousin [[Frank Benson (actor)|Sir Frank Benson]]'s No. 2 Company, under the direction of [[Henry Herbert (actor)|Henry Herbert]]. In October 1912, he went to the United States with Benson's company, playing roles such as Paris in ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'', Fenton in ''[[The Merry Wives of Windsor]]'', and Silvius in ''[[As You Like It]]''. Returning to Britain, he made his first appearance in London at the [[Savoy Theatre]] on 9 July 1914, as Finch in ''The Sin of David''. That December, he appeared at the [[Original Shaftesbury Theatre|Shaftesbury Theatre]] as the Dauphin in ''[[Henry V (play)|Henry V]]''. During 1915, he toured with Benson and appeared with him at London's Court Theatre in December as Lysander in ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.
+On 22 April 1911, Rathbone made his first appearance on stage at the Theatre Royal, [[Ipswich]], Suffolk, as Hortensio in ''[[The Taming of the Shrew]]'', with his cousin [[Frank Benson (actor)|Sir Frank Benson]]'s No. 2 Company, under the direction of [[Henry Herbert (actor)|Henry Herbert]]. In October 1912, he went to the United States with Benson's company, playing roles such as Paris in ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'', Fenton in ''[[The Merry Wives of Windsor]]'', and Silvius in ''[[As You Like It]]''. Returning to Britain, he made his first appearance in London at the [[Savoy Theatre]] on 9 July 1914, as Finch in ''The Sin of David''. That December, he appeared at the [[Original Shaftesbury Theatre|Shaftesbury Theatre]] as the Dauphin in ''[[Henry V (play)|Henry V]]''. During 1915, he toured with Benson and appeared with him at London's Court Theatre in December as Lysander in ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.
 ==Military service==
@@ Line 62: / Line 65: @@
 During the Summer Festival of 1919, he appeared at [[Stratford-upon-Avon]] with the New Shakespeare Company playing Romeo, Cassius, Ferdinand in ''[[The Tempest]]'' and Florizel in ''[[The Winter's Tale]]''; in October he was at London's [[Sondheim Theatre|Queen's Theatre]] as the aide de camp in ''Napoleon'', and in February 1920 he was at the [[Savoy Theatre]] in the title role in ''[[Peter Ibbetson (play)|Peter Ibbetson]]'' with huge success.
-During the 1920s, Rathbone appeared regularly in Shakespearean and other roles on the British stage. He began to travel and appeared at the [[James Earl Jones Theatre|Cort Theatre]], [[New York City|New York]], in October 1923 in a production of [[Ferenc Molnár|Molnár]]'s play ''[[The Swan (play)|The Swan]]'' opposite [[Eva Le Gallienne]], which made him a star on Broadway. He toured in the United States in 1925, appearing in [[San Francisco]] in May and the [[Lyceum Theatre (Broadway)|Lyceum Theatre]], New York, in October. He was in the US again in 1927 and 1930 and again in 1931, when he appeared on stage with [[Ethel Barrymore]]. He continued his stage career in Britain, [[returning]] late in 1934 to the US, where he appeared with [[Katharine Cornell]] in several plays.
+During the 1920s, Rathbone appeared regularly in Shakespearean and other roles on the British stage. He began to travel and appeared at the [[James Earl Jones Theatre|Cort Theatre]], New York City, in October 1923 in a production of [[Ferenc Molnár|Molnár]]'s play ''[[The Swan (play)|The Swan]]'' opposite [[Eva Le Gallienne]], which made him a star on Broadway. He toured in the United States in 1925, appearing in San Francisco in May and the [[Lyceum Theatre (Broadway)|Lyceum Theatre]], New York, in October. He was in the US again in 1927 and 1930 and again in 1931, when he appeared on stage with [[Ethel Barrymore]]. He continued his stage career in Britain, [[returning]] late in 1934 to the US, where he appeared with [[Katharine Cornell]] in several plays.
-Rathbone was once arrested in 1926 along with every other member of the cast of ''[[The Captive (play)|The Captive]]'', a play in which his character's wife left him for another woman. Though the charges were eventually dropped, Rathbone was very angry about the censorship because he believed that [[homosexuality]] needed to be brought into the open.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://outhistory.org/wiki/New_York_Times:_Reaction_to_%22The_Captive%22,_1926-1927 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130415190819/http://outhistory.org/wiki/New_York_Times:_Reaction_to_%22The_Captive%22,_1926-1927 |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 April 2013 |title=The New York Times: Reaction to 'The Captive', 1926–1927 – OutHistory |work=outhistory.org |year=2012 |access-date=25 September 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.basilrathbone.net/biography/ |title=Basil Rathbone, Master of Stage and Screen: Biography |publisher=Basilrathbone.net |access-date=2014-08-23}}</ref>
+Rathbone was once arrested in 1926 along with every other member of the cast of ''[[The Captive (play)|The Captive]]'', a play in which his character's wife left him for another woman. Though the charges were eventually dropped, Rathbone was very angry about the censorship because he believed that homosexuality needed to be brought into the open.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://outhistory.org/wiki/New_York_Times:_Reaction_to_%22The_Captive%22,_1926-1927 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130415190819/http://outhistory.org/wiki/New_York_Times:_Reaction_to_%22The_Captive%22,_1926-1927 |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 April 2013 |title=The New York Times: Reaction to 'The Captive', 1926–1927 – OutHistory |work=outhistory.org |year=2012 |access-date=25 September 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.basilrathbone.net/biography/ |title=Basil Rathbone, Master of Stage and Screen: Biography |publisher=Basilrathbone.net |access-date=23 August 2014}}</ref>
 [[File:Romeo and Juliet lobby card 2.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|right|With [[John Barrymore]] and [[Leslie Howard]] in ''Romeo and Juliet'', 1936]]
 === Film ===
-He commenced his film career in Hollywood in 1921 in silent movies and appeared in 1923's ''{{film year|The School for Scandal|1923}}'', and in ''[[The Masked Bride]]'', plus a few other silents. His sound debut was in the first screen adaptation of [[Frederick Lonsdale]]'s play {{film show year|The Last of Mrs. Cheyney|1929}} opposite [[Norma Shearer]], which was his last appearance as a romantic leading man. He portrayed detective [[Philo Vance]] in the 1930 film ''{{film year|The Bishop Murder Case}}'', based on the best-selling novel. In the film, there is a coincidental reference to Sherlock Holmes. Like [[George Sanders]] and [[Vincent Price]] after him, Rathbone made a name for himself in the 1930s by playing suave villains in costume dramas and swashbucklers, including {{film show year|David Copperfield|1935}} as the abusive stepfather Mr. Murdstone; {{film show year|Anna Karenina|1935}} as her distant husband, Karenin; {{film show year|The Last Days of Pompeii|1935}} as [[Pontius Pilate]]; {{film show year|Captain Blood|1935}}; {{film show year|A Tale of Two Cities|1935}}, as the Marquis St. Evremonde; ''[[The Adventures of Robin Hood]]'' (1938) playing his best-remembered villain, Sir [[Guy of Gisbourne]]; ''[[The Adventures of Marco Polo]]'' (1938); and {{film show year|The Mark of Zorro|1940}} as Captain Esteban Pasquale. He also appeared in several early horror films: {{film show year|Tower of London|1939}}, as [[Richard III of England|Richard III]], and ''[[Son of Frankenstein]]'' (1939), portraying the dedicated surgeon [[Wolf Frankenstein|Baron Wolf von Frankenstein]], son of [[Frankenstein's monster|the monster]]'s creator, and, in 1949, was also the narrator for the segment "The Wind in the Willows" in the Disney animated feature, ''[[The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad]]''.
+He commenced his film career in Hollywood in 1921 in silent movies and appeared in 1923's ''[[The School for Scandal (1923 film)|The School for Scandal]]'', and in ''[[The Masked Bride]]'', plus a few other silents. His sound debut was in the first screen adaptation of [[Frederick Lonsdale]]'s play {{film show year|The Last of Mrs. Cheyney|1929}} opposite [[Norma Shearer]], which was his last appearance as a romantic leading man. He portrayed detective [[Philo Vance]] in the 1930 film ''[[The Bishop Murder Case (film)|The Bishop Murder Case]]'', based on the best-selling novel. In the film, there is a coincidental reference to Sherlock Holmes. Like [[George Sanders]] and [[Vincent Price]] after him, Rathbone made a name for himself in the 1930s by playing suave villains in costume dramas and swashbucklers, including {{film show year|David Copperfield|1935}} as the abusive stepfather Mr. Murdstone; {{film show year|Anna Karenina|1935}} as her distant husband, Karenin; {{film show year|The Last Days of Pompeii|1935}} as [[Pontius Pilate]]; {{film show year|Captain Blood|1935}}; {{film show year|A Tale of Two Cities|1935}}, as the Marquis St. Evremonde; ''[[The Adventures of Robin Hood]]'' (1938) playing his best-remembered villain, Sir [[Guy of Gisbourne]]; ''[[The Adventures of Marco Polo]]'' (1938); and {{film show year|The Mark of Zorro|1940}} as Captain Esteban Pasquale. He also appeared in several early horror films: {{film show year|Tower of London|1939}}, as [[Richard III of England|Richard III]], and ''[[Son of Frankenstein]]'' (1939), portraying the dedicated surgeon [[Wolf Frankenstein|Baron Wolf von Frankenstein]], son of [[Frankenstein's monster|the monster]]'s creator, and, in 1949, was also the narrator for the segment "The Wind in the Willows" in the Disney animated feature, ''[[The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad]]''.
 He was admired for his athletic swordsmanship. (He listed [[fencing]] among his favourite recreations.) His character lost to [[Errol Flynn]] twice: in a duel on the beach in ''Captain Blood'' and in an elaborate fight sequence in ''The Adventures of Robin Hood''. He was also involved in noteworthy sword fights in ''Tower of London'', ''The Mark of Zorro'', and ''[[The Court Jester]].''
 Rathbone earned [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]] nominations for [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Actor in a Supporting Role]] for his performances as Tybalt in ''Romeo and Juliet'' (1936) and as King [[Louis XI]] in ''[[If I Were King]]'' (1938). In {{film show year|The Dawn Patrol|1938}}, he played one of his few heroic roles in the 1930s, as a [[Royal Flying Corps]] (RFC) squadron commander brought to the brink of a [[nervous breakdown]] by the strain and guilt of sending his battle-weary pilots off to near-certain death in the skies of 1915 France. Errol Flynn, Rathbone's perennial foe, starred in the film as his successor when Rathbone's character is promoted.
-According to Hollywood legend, Rathbone was [[Margaret Mitchell]]'s first choice to play [[Rhett Butler]] in the film version of her novel ''[[Gone with the Wind (novel)|Gone with the Wind]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AFI{{!}}Catalog |url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/1181 |access-date=2024-10-12 |website=catalog.afi.com}}</ref> Rathbone actively campaigned for the role.{{Citation needed|date=December 2019}}
+According to Hollywood legend, Rathbone was [[Margaret Mitchell]]'s first choice to play [[Rhett Butler]] in the film version of her novel ''[[Gone with the Wind (novel)|Gone with the Wind]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AFI{{!}}Catalog |url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/1181 |access-date=12 October 2024 |website=catalog.afi.com}}</ref> Rathbone actively campaigned for the role.{{Citation needed|date=December 2019}}
 Despite his film success, Rathbone always insisted that he wished to be remembered for his stage career. He said that his favourite role was Romeo.{{Citation needed|date=December 2019}}
@@ Line 80: / Line 83: @@
 [[File:Basil Rathbone Sherlock Holmes.jpeg|thumb|Basil Rathbone as [[Sherlock Holmes]]]]
 {{main article|Sherlock Holmes (1939 film series)}}
-Rathbone is most widely recognised for his many portrayals of [[Sherlock Holmes]]. In a radio interview, Rathbone recalled that [[Twentieth Century-Fox]] producer and director [[Gene Markey]], lunching with producer-director-actor [[Gregory Ratoff]] and 20th Century-Fox mogul [[Daryl Zanuck]] at Lucey's Restaurant in Hollywood, proposed a film version of [[Sir Arthur Conan Doyle]]'s ''[[The Hound of the Baskervilles]]''. When asked who could possibly play Holmes, Markey incredulously replied, "Who?! Basil Rathbone!" The film was so successful that Fox produced a sequel that appeared later in 1939. Interest in Holmes cooled at Fox, but [[Universal Pictures]] picked up the character, and produced 12 Holmes features from 1942 to 1946.<ref>''Motion Picture Herald'', 2 Feb. 1946, p. 41.</ref> All of the Fox and Universal features co-starred [[Nigel Bruce]] as [[Dr. Watson]].
+Rathbone is most widely recognised for his many portrayals of [[Sherlock Holmes]]. In a radio interview, Rathbone recalled that [[Twentieth Century-Fox]] producer and director [[Gene Markey]], lunching with producer-director-actor [[Gregory Ratoff]] and 20th Century-Fox mogul [[Daryl Zanuck]] at Lucey's Restaurant in Hollywood, proposed a film version of [[Sir Arthur Conan Doyle]]'s ''[[The Hound of the Baskervilles]]''. When asked who could possibly play Holmes, Markey incredulously replied, "Who?! Basil Rathbone!" The film was so successful that Fox produced a sequel that appeared later in 1939. Interest in Holmes cooled at Fox, but [[Universal Pictures]] picked up the character, and produced 12 Holmes features from 1942 to 1946.<ref>''Motion Picture Herald'', 2 February 1946, p. 41.</ref> All of the Fox and Universal features co-starred [[Nigel Bruce]] as [[Dr. Watson]].
-The first two films, ''{{film year|The Hound of the Baskervilles|1939}}'' and ''{{film year|The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes}}'' (both produced by Fox in 1939), were set in the late [[Victorian era|Victorian times]] of the original stories. The later instalments, produced by Universal, beginning with ''[[Sherlock Holmes and the Voice of Terror]]'' (1942), were set in contemporary times, with the first three having World War II-related plots.
+The first two films, ''[[The Hound of the Baskervilles (1939 film)|The Hound of the Baskervilles]]'' and ''[[The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (film)|The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes]]'' (both produced by Fox in 1939), were set in the late [[Victorian era|Victorian times]] of the original stories. The later instalments, produced by Universal, beginning with ''[[Sherlock Holmes and the Voice of Terror]]'' (1942), were set in contemporary times, with the first three having World War II-related plots.
 Concurrent with the films, Rathbone and Bruce reprised their film roles in the radio series ''[[The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes]]'', which began in October 1939. Rathbone appeared in the radio series as long as the film series was active, but, after the films lapsed in 1946, Rathbone ceded his radio part to [[Tom Conway]]. Conway and Bruce carried on with the series for two seasons, until both dropped out in July 1947.
@@ Line 88: / Line 91: @@
 The many Holmes sequels typecast Rathbone, and he was unable to free himself from the shadow of the Great Detective, despite appearing in other film roles. Resenting the typecasting, Rathbone refused to renew his contract at [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] and returned to Broadway. In later years, Rathbone willingly made the Holmes association, as in a TV sketch with [[Milton Berle]] in the early 1950s, in which he donned the [[deerstalker]] cap and [[Inverness cape]]. In the 1960s, dressed as Holmes, he appeared in a series of TV commercials for Getz Exterminators ("Getz gets 'em, since 1888!'").
-Rathbone also brought Holmes to the stage in a play written by his wife Ouida. [[Thomas Gomez]], who had appeared as a [[Nazi]] ringleader in ''[[Sherlock Holmes and the Voice of Terror]]'', played the villainous [[Professor Moriarty]]. Nigel Bruce was slated to portray Dr Watson once more but became too ill and the part was played by character actor [[Jack Raine]]. Bruce's absence depressed Rathbone, particularly after Bruce died on 8 October 1953, while the play was in rehearsals. The play ran for only three performances.
+In 1953, Rathbone played the detective in ''[[The Adventure of the Black Baronet]]'', an episode of the anthology television series ''[[Suspense (American TV series)|Suspense]]''. Later that year, he also brought Holmes to the stage in a play written by his wife Ouida. [[Thomas Gomez]], who had appeared as a [[Nazi]] ringleader in ''[[Sherlock Holmes and the Voice of Terror]]'', played the villainous [[Professor Moriarty]]. Nigel Bruce was slated to portray Dr Watson once more but became too ill and the part was played by character actor [[Jack Raine]]. Bruce's absence depressed Rathbone, particularly after Bruce died on 8 October 1953, while the play was in rehearsals. The play ran for only three performances.
 ===Later career===
 In the 1950s, Rathbone appeared in two spoofs of his earlier swashbuckling villains: ''[[Casanova's Big Night]]'' (1954) opposite [[Bob Hope]] and ''[[The Court Jester]]'' (1956) with [[Danny Kaye]]. He appeared frequently on TV game shows and continued to appear in major films, including the [[Humphrey Bogart]] comedy {{film show year|We're No Angels|1955}} and [[John Ford]]'s political drama {{film show year|The Last Hurrah|1958}}.
-Rathbone also appeared on Broadway numerous times in this period. In 1948, he shared the [[Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play]] for his performance as the unyielding Dr. Austin Sloper in the original production of ''[[The Heiress (1947 play)|The Heiress]]'' with [[Henry Fonda]] in ''[[Mister Roberts (play)|Mister Roberts]]'' and [[Paul Kelly (actor)|Paul Kelly]] in ''[[Command Decision (play)|Command Decision]]''. He also received accolades for his performance in [[Archibald Macleish]]'s ''[[J.B. (play)|J.B.]]'', a modernisation of the Biblical trials of [[Job (Biblical figure)|Job]].
+Rathbone also appeared on Broadway numerous times in this period. In 1948, he shared the [[Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play]] for his performance as the unyielding Dr. Austin Sloper in the original production of ''[[The Heiress (1947 play)|The Heiress]]'' and with [[Henry Fonda]] in ''[[Mister Roberts (play)|Mister Roberts]]'' and [[Paul Kelly (actor)|Paul Kelly]] in ''[[Command Decision (play)|Command Decision]]''. He also received accolades for his performance in [[Archibald Macleish]]'s ''[[J.B. (play)|J.B.]]'', a modernisation of the Biblical trials of [[Job (Biblical figure)|Job]].
-Through the 1950s and 1960s, he continued to appear in several dignified anthology programmes on television. To support his second wife's lavish tastes, he appeared as a panelist on the television game show ''[[The Name's the Same]]'' (in 1954), and took roles in cheap film thrillers of far lesser quality, such as ''[[The Black Sleep]]'' (1956), ''[[Queen of Blood]]'' (1966), ''[[The Ghost in the Invisible Bikini]]'' (1966, wherein the character 'Eric Von Zipper' played by [[Harvey Lembeck]] jokes, "That guy looks like Sherlock Holmes"), ''[[Hillbillys in a Haunted House]]'' (1967, also featuring [[Lon Chaney Jr]] and [[John Carradine]]), and his last film, a low-budget, horror film called ''Autopsy of a Ghost'' (1968).
+Through the 1950s and 1960s, he continued to appear in several dignified anthology programmes on television. To support his second wife's lavish tastes, he appeared as a panellist on the television game show ''[[The Name's the Same]]'' (in 1954), and took roles in cheap film thrillers of far lesser quality, such as ''[[The Black Sleep]]'' (1956), ''[[Queen of Blood]]'' (1966), ''[[The Ghost in the Invisible Bikini]]'' (1966, wherein the character 'Eric Von Zipper' played by [[Harvey Lembeck]] jokes, "That guy looks like Sherlock Holmes"), ''[[Hillbillys in a Haunted House]]'' (1967, also featuring [[Lon Chaney Jr]] and [[John Carradine]]), and his last film, a low-budget, horror film called ''Autopsy of a Ghost'' (1968).
 He is also known for his spoken word recordings, including his interpretation of [[Clement C. Moore]]'s "[[The Night Before Christmas]]". Rathbone's readings of the stories and poems of [[Edgar Allan Poe]] are collected together with readings by [[Vincent Price]] in [[Caedmon Audio]]'s ''The Edgar Allan Poe Audio Collection'' on CD.
-In four Caedmon albums, Rathbone revisited his characterization of Sherlock Holmes. The first, "The Speckled Band" (Caedmon Records TC 1172, recorded in 1963), is a straight narration of the tale. In the rest, he changes his voice for each character, including a rendition of Nigel Bruce as Dr. Watson.<ref name=BRR1>{{cite web | url=http://www.basilrathbone.net/recordings | title=Recordings made by Basil Rathbone | publisher=basilrathbone.net | access-date=10 November 2019 }}</ref>
+In four Caedmon albums, Rathbone revisited his characterisation of Sherlock Holmes. The first, "The Speckled Band" (Caedmon Records TC 1172, recorded in 1963), is a straight narration of the tale. In the rest, he changes his voice for each character, including a rendition of Nigel Bruce as Dr. Watson.<ref name=BRR1>{{cite web | url=http://www.basilrathbone.net/recordings | title=Recordings made by Basil Rathbone | publisher=basilrathbone.net | access-date=10 November 2019 }}</ref>
 Rathbone also made many other recordings, including ''[[Oliver Twist]]'', [[Prokofiev]]'s ''[[Peter and the Wolf]]'' (with [[Leopold Stokowski]] conducting), and [[Charles Dickens]]'s ''[[A Christmas Carol]]''.<ref name=BRR1 />
@@ Line 114: / Line 117: @@
 ==Personal life==
-Rathbone married actress Ethel Marion Foreman (1887–1976) in 1914. They had one son, Rodion Rathbone (1915–1996), who had a brief Hollywood career under the name John Rodion. The couple divorced in 1926. In the same year, he married writer [[Ouida Bergère]]; their infant child died in 1928. In 1939, the couple adopted a daughter, Cynthia Rathbone (1939–1969). The American actor [[Jackson Rathbone]] is a distant relation.<ref>{{cite news|last=Millar |first=John |url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/showbiz/celebrity-interviews/2010/08/08/vampire-star-jackson-rathbone-on-his-family-ties-to-legendary-swashbuckler-86908-22473663 |title=Jackson Rathbone profile, detailing blood relationship to Basil Rathbone |work=Daily Record|location=Glasgow |date=2010-08-08 |access-date=2014-08-23}}</ref>
+Rathbone married actress Ethel Marion Foreman (1887–1976) in 1914. They had one son, Rodion Rathbone (1915–1996), who had a brief Hollywood career under the name John Rodion. The couple divorced in 1926. In the same year, he married writer [[Ouida Bergère]]; their infant child died in 1928. In 1939, the couple adopted a daughter, Cynthia Rathbone (1939–1969). The American actor [[Jackson Rathbone]] is a distant relation.<ref>{{cite news|last=Millar |first=John |url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/showbiz/celebrity-interviews/2010/08/08/vampire-star-jackson-rathbone-on-his-family-ties-to-legendary-swashbuckler-86908-22473663 |title=Jackson Rathbone profile, detailing blood relationship to Basil Rathbone |work=Daily Record|location=Glasgow |date=8 August 2010 |access-date=23 August 2014}}</ref>
-Rathbone bore a strong resemblance to his cousin, the actor [[Frank Benson (actor)|Frank Benson]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.basilrathbone.net/biography/ |title=Basil Rathbone, Master of Stage and Screen: Biography |publisher=Basilrathbone.net |access-date=2020-08-06}}</ref> He was a first cousin once removed of the  campaigning independent British MP [[Eleanor Rathbone]].
+Rathbone bore a strong resemblance to his cousin, the actor [[Frank Benson (actor)|Frank Benson]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.basilrathbone.net/biography/ |title=Basil Rathbone, Master of Stage and Screen: Biography |publisher=Basilrathbone.net |access-date=6 August 2020}}</ref> He was a first cousin once removed of the campaigning independent British MP [[Eleanor Rathbone]].
 During Rathbone's Hollywood career Ouida Rathbone, who was also her husband's business manager, developed a reputation for hosting elaborate and expensive parties in their home, with many prominent and influential people on the guest lists. This trend inspired a joke in ''[[The Ghost Breakers]]'' (1940), a film in which Rathbone does not appear: during a tremendous thunderstorm in New York City [[Bob Hope]] observes that "Basil Rathbone must be throwing a party." Actress [[Mrs Patrick Campbell]] described Rathbone as "two profiles pasted together".<ref name=autogenerated1>Basil Rathbone, ''In and Out of Character'' (New York: [[Doubleday (publisher)|Doubleday]], 1962).</ref> As cited in the same autobiography, Mrs Campbell later referred to him as "a folded umbrella taking elocution lessons".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Rathbone|first=Basil|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nL7GCsYhiHwC|title=In and Out of Character|publisher=Limelight Editions|year=1989|isbn=9780879101190|page=92}}</ref>
-Rathbone was a devout Anglican (or, in U.S. English, Episcopalian) and a member of the Episcopal Actors Guild.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://littlechurch.org/#/who-we-are/episcopal-actors-guild |title=We embrace all who seek God's inclusive love |publisher=Littlechurch.org |accessdate=2022-08-07}}</ref>
+Rathbone was a devout Anglican (or, in U.S. English, Episcopalian) and a member of the Episcopal Actors Guild.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://littlechurch.org/#/who-we-are/episcopal-actors-guild |title=We embrace all who seek God's inclusive love |publisher=Littlechurch.org |accessdate=7 August 2022}}</ref>
 ==Death==
@@ Line 126: / Line 129: @@
 ==Filmography==
-{| class=wikitable
+=== Film ===
+{| class="wikitable"
 |-
 ! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
 |-
-| rowspan=2|1921 || ''[[Innocent (1921 film)|Innocent]]'' || Amadis de Jocelyn ||
+| rowspan="2" |1921 || ''[[Innocent (1921 film)|Innocent]]'' || Amadis de Jocelyn ||
 |-
 | ''[[The Fruitful Vine]]'' || Don Cesare Carelli ||
 |-
-| rowspan=2|1923 || ''[[The School for Scandal (1923 film)|The School for Scandal]]'' || Joseph Surface ||
+| rowspan="2" |1923 || ''[[The School for Scandal (1923 film)|The School for Scandal]]'' || Joseph Surface ||
 |-
-| ''[[The Loves of Mary, Queen of Scots]]'' || Undetermined role || Uncredited
+| ''[[The Loves of Mary, Queen of Scots]]'' || Bit part || Uncredited
 |-
-| 1924 || ''[[Trouping with Ellen]]'' || Tony Winterslip || [[Lost film]]
+| 1924 || ''[[Trouping with Ellen]]'' || Tony Winterslip || rowspan="3" | [[Lost film]]
 |-
-| 1925 || ''[[The Masked Bride]]'' || Antoine || Lost film
+| 1925 || ''[[The Masked Bride]]'' || Antoine
 |-
-| 1926 || ''[[The Great Deception]]'' || Rizzio || Lost film
+| 1926 || ''[[The Great Deception]]'' || Rizzio
 |-
 | 1929 || ''[[The Last of Mrs. Cheyney (1929 film)|The Last of Mrs. Cheyney]]'' || Lord Arthur Dilling ||
 |-
-| rowspan=7|1930 || ''[[The Bishop Murder Case (1930 film)|The Bishop Murder Case]]'' || [[Philo Vance]] ||
+| rowspan="7" |1930 || ''[[The Bishop Murder Case (1930 film)|The Bishop Murder Case]]'' || [[Philo Vance]] ||
 |-
 | ''[[This Mad World]]'' || Paul Parisot ||
@@ Line 160: / Line 165: @@
 | ''[[Sin Takes a Holiday]]'' || Reginald "Reggie" Durant ||
 |-
-| rowspan=2|1932 || ''[[A Woman Commands]]'' || Capt. Alex Pastitsch ||
+| rowspan="2" |1932 || ''[[A Woman Commands]]'' || Capt. Alex Pastitsch ||
 |-
 | ''[[After the Ball (1932 film)|After the Ball]]'' || Jack Harrowby ||
 |-
-| rowspan=2|1933 || ''[[One Precious Year]]'' || Derek Nagel ||
+| rowspan="2" |1933 || ''[[One Precious Year]]'' || Derek Nagel ||
 |-
 | ''[[Loyalties (1933 film)|Loyalties]]'' || Ferdinand de Levis ||
 |-
-| rowspan=7|1935 || ''[[Personal History, Adventures, Experience, and Observation of David Copperfield the Younger|David Copperfield]]'' || [[Edward Murdstone|Mr. Murdstone]] ||
+| rowspan="7" |1935 || ''[[Personal History, Adventures, Experience, and Observation of David Copperfield the Younger|David Copperfield]]'' || [[Edward Murdstone|Mr. Murdstone]] ||
 |-
 | ''[[Anna Karenina (1935 film)|Anna Karenina]]'' || Karenin ||
@@ Line 182: / Line 187: @@
 | ''[[Captain Blood (1935 film)|Captain Blood]]'' || Levasseur ||
 |-
-| rowspan=3|1936 || ''[[Private Number (1936 film)|Private Number]]'' || Thomas Wroxton ||
+| rowspan="3" |1936 || ''[[Private Number (1936 film)|Private Number]]'' || Thomas Wroxton ||
 |-
-| ''[[Romeo and Juliet (1936 film)|Romeo and Juliet]]'' || [[Tybalt|Tybalt – Nephew to Lady Capulet]] || Nominated – [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor]]
+| ''[[Romeo and Juliet (1936 film)|Romeo and Juliet]]'' || [[Tybalt]] || Nominated–[[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor]]
 |-
 | ''[[The Garden of Allah (1936 film)|The Garden of Allah]]'' || Count Ferdinand Anteoni ||
 |-
-| rowspan=4|1937 || ''[[Love from a Stranger (1937 film)|Love from a Stranger]]'' || Gerald Lovell ||
+| rowspan="4" |1937 || ''[[Love from a Stranger (1937 film)|Love from a Stranger]]'' || Gerald Lovell ||
 |-
 | ''[[Confession (1937 film)|Confession]]'' || Michael Michailow, aka Michael Koslov ||
@@ Line 196: / Line 201: @@
 | ''[[Tovarich (film)|Tovarich]]'' || Commissar Dimitri Gorotchenko ||
 |-
-| rowspan=4|1938 || ''[[The Adventures of Marco Polo]]'' || Ahmed ||
+| rowspan="4" |1938 || ''[[The Adventures of Marco Polo]]'' || Ahmed ||
 |-
 | ''[[The Adventures of Robin Hood]]'' || [[Guy of Gisbourne|Sir Guy of Gisbourne]] ||
 |-
-| ''[[If I Were King]]'' || King [[Louis XI]] || Nominated – [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor]]
+| ''[[If I Were King]]'' || King [[Louis XI]] || Nominated–[[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor]]
 |-
 | ''[[The Dawn Patrol (1938 film)|The Dawn Patrol]]'' || Major Brand ||
 |-
-| rowspan=6|1939 || ''[[Son of Frankenstein]]'' || Baron Wolf von Frankenstein ||
+| rowspan="6" |1939 || ''[[Son of Frankenstein]]'' || Baron Wolf von Frankenstein ||
 |-
 | ''[[The Hound of the Baskervilles (1939 film)|The Hound of the Baskervilles]]'' || [[Sherlock Holmes]] ||
@@ Line 216: / Line 221: @@
 | ''[[Tower of London (1939 film)|Tower of London]]'' || [[Richard III of England|Richard – Duke of Gloucester]] ||
 |-
-| rowspan=2|1940 || ''[[Rhythm on the River]]'' || Oliver Courtney ||
+| rowspan="2" |1940 || ''[[Rhythm on the River]]'' || Oliver Courtney ||
 |-
 | ''[[The Mark of Zorro (1940 film)|The Mark of Zorro]]'' || Captain Esteban Pasquale ||
 |-
-| rowspan=4|1941 || ''[[The Mad Doctor (1941 film)|The Mad Doctor]]'' || Dr. George Sebastian || According to IMDb, it was released on 9 November 1940, in Mexico.
+| rowspan="4" |1941 || ''[[The Mad Doctor (1941 film)|The Mad Doctor]]'' || Dr. George Sebastian ||
 |-
 | ''[[The Black Cat (1941 film)|The Black Cat]]'' || Montague Hartley ||
@@ Line 228: / Line 233: @@
 | ''[[Paris Calling]]'' || Andre Benoit ||
 |-
-| rowspan=4|1942 || ''[[Fingers at the Window]]'' || Cesar Ferrari, alias Dr. H. Santelle ||
+| rowspan="4" |1942 || ''[[Fingers at the Window]]'' || Cesar Ferrari / Dr. H. Santelle ||
 |-
 | ''[[Crossroads (1942 film)|Crossroads]]'' || Henri Sarrou ||
 |-
-| ''[[Sherlock Holmes and the Voice of Terror]]'' || Sherlock Holmes ||
+| ''[[Sherlock Holmes and the Voice of Terror]]'' || rowspan="3" | Sherlock Holmes ||
 |-
-| ''[[Sherlock Holmes and the Secret Weapon]]'' || Sherlock Holmes ||
+| ''[[Sherlock Holmes and the Secret Weapon]]'' ||
 |-
-| rowspan="5"|1943 || ''[[Sherlock Holmes in Washington]]'' || Sherlock Holmes ||
+| rowspan="5" |1943 || ''[[Sherlock Holmes in Washington]]'' ||
 |-
 | ''[[Above Suspicion (1943 film)|Above Suspicion]]'' || Sig von Aschenhausen ||
 |-
-| ''[[Sherlock Holmes Faces Death]]'' || Sherlock Holmes ||
+| ''[[Sherlock Holmes Faces Death]]'' || rowspan="3" | Sherlock Holmes ||
 |-
-| ''[[Crazy House (1943 film)|Crazy House]]'' || Sherlock Holmes || Cameo appearance
+| ''[[Crazy House (1943 film)|Crazy House]]'' || Cameo appearance
 |-
-| ''[[The Spider Woman]]'' || Sherlock Holmes ||
+| ''[[The Spider Woman]]'' ||
 |-
 | rowspan="5" |1944
@@ Line 250: / Line 255: @@
 | ''[[Bathing Beauty]]'' || George Adams ||
 |-
-| ''[[The Pearl of Death]]'' || Sherlock Holmes ||
+| ''[[The Pearl of Death]]'' || rowspan="2" | Sherlock Holmes ||
 |-
-|''[[The Scarlet Claw]]'' ||Sherlock Holmes||
+|''[[The Scarlet Claw]]'' ||
 |-
 | ''[[Frenchman's Creek (film)|Frenchman's Creek]]'' ||Lord Rockingham||
 |-
-| rowspan=3|1945 || ''[[Sherlock Holmes and the House of Fear|The House of Fear]]'' || Sherlock Holmes ||
+| rowspan="3" |1945 || ''[[Sherlock Holmes and the House of Fear|The House of Fear]]'' || rowspan="4" | Sherlock Holmes ||
 |-
-| ''[[The Woman in Green]]'' || Sherlock Holmes ||
+| ''[[The Woman in Green]]'' ||
 |-
-| ''[[Pursuit to Algiers]]'' || Sherlock Holmes ||
+| ''[[Pursuit to Algiers]]'' ||
 |-
-| rowspan=3|1946 || ''[[Terror by Night]]'' || Sherlock Holmes ||
+| rowspan="3" |1946 || ''[[Terror by Night]]'' ||
 |-
 | ''[[Heartbeat (1946 film)|Heartbeat]]'' || Professor Aristide ||
@@ Line 268: / Line 273: @@
 | ''[[Dressed to Kill (1946 film)|Dressed to Kill]]'' || Sherlock Holmes ||
 |-
-| 1949 || ''[[The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad]]'' || Narrator || segment "The Wind in the Willows"
+| 1949 || ''[[The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad]]'' || Narrator || Segment: "The Wind in the Willows"
 |-
-| 1953 || ''Season's Greetings'' || || TV movie
+|1954 || ''[[Casanova's Big Night]]'' || Lucio / Narrator ||
 |-
-| rowspan=3|1954 || ''[[Casanova's Big Night]]'' || Lucio / Narrator ||
+| rowspan="2" |1955 || ''[[We're No Angels (1955 film)|We're No Angels]]'' || Andre Trochard ||
-|-
-| ''[[A Christmas Carol]]'' || Jacob Marley. || A Shower of Stars episode
-|-
-|  ''The General's Boots'' || General Lee || A Schlitz Playhouse episode
-|-
-| rowspan=3|1955 || ''[[We're No Angels (1955 film)|We're No Angels]]'' || Andre Trochard ||
-|-
-| ''Svengali and the Blonde'' || Svengali || TV movie
 |-
 | ''[[The Court Jester]]'' || Sir Ravenhurst ||
 |-
-| rowspan=2|1956 || ''[[The Black Sleep (1956 film)|The Black Sleep]]'' || Sir Joel Cadman ||
+|1956 || ''[[The Black Sleep (1956 film)|The Black Sleep]]'' || Sir Joel Cadman ||
-|-
-| ''[[The Stingiest Man in Town (1956)|The Stingiest Man in Town]]'' || Ebeneezer Scrooge. || An Alcoa Hour episode<ref>DVD of program</ref>
-|-
-| 1957 || ''The Lark'' || Chief Inquisitor || TV movie
-|-
-| rowspan=2|1958 || ''Hans Brinker and the Silver Skates'' || Dr. Boekman || TV movie
 |-
+|1958
 | ''[[The Last Hurrah (1958 film)|The Last Hurrah]]'' || Norman Cass Sr. ||
 |-
-|rowspan=3| 1961 || ''Victoria Regina''|| [[Benjamin Disraeli]] ||[[Hallmark Hall of Fame]] TV movie adaptation of [[Laurence Housman]]'s play ''[[Victoria Regina (play)|Victoria Regina]]''
+| rowspan="2" |1961
-|-
+| ''The Black Cat'' || Voices || Short film
-| ''The Black Cat'' || Voices || A short
 |-
 | ''Mystic Prophecies and Nostradamus'' || Narrator ||
 |-
-| rowspan=4|1962 || ''[[The Magic Sword (1962 film)|The Magic Sword]]'' || Lodac ||
+| rowspan="4" |1962 || ''[[The Magic Sword (1962 film)|The Magic Sword]]'' || Lodac ||
 |-
 | ''[[Pontius Pilate (1962 film)|Ponzio Pilato]]'' || [[Caiaphas]] ||
 |-
-| ''[[Tales of Terror]]'' || Carmichael || segment "The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar"
+| ''[[Tales of Terror]]'' || Carmichael || Segment: "The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar"
 |-
 | ''Two Before Zero'' (aka ''Red Hell'') || Narrator ||
@@ Line 310: / Line 301: @@
 | 1963 || ''[[The Comedy of Terrors]]'' || John F. Black, Esq. ||
 |-
-| rowspan=2|1965 || ''[[Voyage to the Prehistoric Planet]]'' || Prof. Hartman, Lunar 7 ||
+| rowspan="2" |1965 || ''[[Voyage to the Prehistoric Planet]]'' || Prof. Hartman, Lunar 7 ||
 |-
 | ''Dr. Rock and Mr. Roll'' || ||
 |-
-| rowspan=2|1966 || ''[[Queen of Blood]]'' || Dr. Farraday ||
+| rowspan="2" |1966 || ''[[Queen of Blood]]'' || Dr. Farraday ||
 |-
 | ''[[The Ghost in the Invisible Bikini]]'' || Reginald Ripper ||
@@ Line 323: / Line 314: @@
 |-
 | 1986 || ''[[The Great Mouse Detective]]'' || Sherlock Holmes || archive sound, released posthumously
+|}
+=== Television ===
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
+|-
+| 1953 || ''Season's Greetings'' || || TV movie
+|-
+| rowspan="2" |1954
+|''[[Shower of Stars]]''
+|[[Jacob Marley]]
+|Episode: "[[A Christmas Carol]]"
+|-
+|''[[Schlitz Playhouse of Stars]]''
+|General Lee
+|Episode: "The General's Boots"
+|-
+|1955
+| ''Svengali and the Blonde'' || [[Svengali]] || TV movie
+|-
+|1953
+|''[[The Alcoa Hour]]''
+|[[Ebenezer Scrooge]]
+|Episode: "[[The Stingiest Man in Town (1956)|The Stingiest Man in Town]]"<ref>DVD of program</ref>
+|-
+| 1957 || ''The Lark'' || Chief Inquisitor || TV movie
+|-
+|1958 || ''Hans Brinker and the Silver Skates'' || Dr. Boekman || TV movie
+|-
+|1961
+|''[[Hallmark Hall of Fame]]''
+|[[Benjamin Disraeli]]
+|Episode: "[[Victoria Regina (play)|Victoria Regina]]"
 |}
@@ Line 332: / Line 357: @@
 | 1937|| ''[[Lux Radio Theatre]]''|| ''[[Captain Blood (1935 film)|Captain Blood]]''<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Those Were the Days|magazine=Nostalgia Digest|date=Spring 2013|volume=39|issue=2|pages=32–39}}</ref>
 |-
-| 1939–1946 || ''[[The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes]]'' ||
+| 1939–46 || ''[[The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes]]'' ||
 |-
 | 1943|| ''[[Lux Radio Theatre]]''|| ''[[The Phantom of the Opera (novel)|The Phantom of the Opera]]''
@@ Line 343: / Line 368: @@
 |}
-==Stage==
+==Stage credits==
 {| class=wikitable
 |-
 ! Year !! Title !! Role(s) !! Venue(s)!! Notes !! Ref.
 |-
-| rowspan=12|1913 || ''[[As You Like It]]'' || Silvius  ||rowspan=9| [[Shakespeare Memorial Theatre]]; North American tour ||  || <ref>{{cite web |title=AYL191304 – As You Like It |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/ayl191304/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=AYL191310 – As You Like It |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/ayl191310/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+| rowspan=12|1913 || ''[[As You Like It]]'' || Silvius  ||rowspan=9| [[Shakespeare Memorial Theatre]]; North American tour ||  ||<ref>{{cite web |title=AYL191304 – As You Like It |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/ayl191304/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 |archive-date=22 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722154932/https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/ayl191304/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=AYL191310 – As You Like It |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/ayl191310/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 |archive-date=22 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722154924/https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/ayl191310/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 |-
-| ''[[Hamlet]]'' || Guildenstern ||  || <ref>{{cite web |title=HAM191308 – Hamlet |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/ham191308/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=HAM191310 – Hamlet |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/ham191310/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+| ''[[Hamlet]]'' || Guildenstern ||  ||<ref>{{cite web |title=HAM191308 – Hamlet |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/ham191308/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=HAM191310 – Hamlet |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/ham191310/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 |archive-date=16 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616064730/https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/ham191310 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 |-
-|  ''[[Henry IV, Part 2]]'' || Westmoreland ||  || <ref>{{cite web |title=HF2191308 – Henry IV, Part 2 |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/hf2191308 |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=HF2191310 – Henry IV, Part 2 |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/hf2191310/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+|  ''[[Henry IV, Part 2]]'' || Westmoreland ||  ||<ref>{{cite web |title=HF2191308 – Henry IV, Part 2 |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/hf2191308 |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=HF2191310 – Henry IV, Part 2 |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/hf2191310/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 |-
-|  ''[[King John (play)|King John]]'' || Lewis ||  || <ref>{{cite web |title=KJO191308 – King John |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/kjo191308/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=KJO191310 – King John |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/kjo191310/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+|  ''[[King John (play)|King John]]'' || Lewis ||  ||<ref>{{cite web |title=KJO191308 – King John |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/kjo191308/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=KJO191310 – King John |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/kjo191310/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 |-
-|  ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' || Lorenzo ||  || <ref>{{cite web |title=MER191308 – The Merchant of Venice |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/mer191308/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=MER191310 – The Merchant of Venice |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/mer191310/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+|  ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' || Lorenzo ||  ||<ref>{{cite web |title=MER191308 – The Merchant of Venice |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/mer191308/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=MER191310 – The Merchant of Venice |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/mer191310/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 |-
-|  ''[[The Merry Wives of Windsor]]'' || Fenton ||  || <ref>{{cite web |title=MEW191308 – The Merry Wives of Windsor  |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/mew191308/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=MEW191310 – The Merry Wives of Windsor |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/mew191310/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+|  ''[[The Merry Wives of Windsor]]'' || Fenton ||  ||<ref>{{cite web |title=MEW191308 – The Merry Wives of Windsor |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/mew191308/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=MEW191310 – The Merry Wives of Windsor |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/mew191310/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 |archive-date=22 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722154928/https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/mew191310/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 |-
-|  ''[[Richard II (play)|Richard II]]'' || Duke of Aumerle ||  || <ref>{{cite web |title=RI2191310 – Richard II |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/ri2191310/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=RI2191308 – Richard II |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/ri2191308/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+|  ''[[Richard II (play)|Richard II]]'' || Duke of Aumerle ||  ||<ref>{{cite web |title=RI2191310 – Richard II |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/ri2191310/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=RI2191308 – Richard II |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/ri2191308/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 |-
-|  ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' || Paris ||  || <ref>{{cite web |title=ROM191308 – Romeo and Juliet |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/rom191308/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ROM191310 – Romeo and Juliet |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/rom191310/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+|  ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' || Paris ||  ||<ref>{{cite web |title=ROM191308 – Romeo and Juliet |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/rom191308/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 |archive-date=21 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621200819/https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/rom191308 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ROM191310 – Romeo and Juliet |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/rom191310/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 |archive-date=22 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722154934/https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/rom191310/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 |-
-|  ''[[Twelfth Night]]'' || Sebastian ||  || <ref>{{cite web |title=TWE191310 – Twelfth Night |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/twe191308/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=TWE191308 – Twelfth Night |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/twe191310/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+|  ''[[Twelfth Night]]'' || Sebastian ||  ||<ref>{{cite web |title=TWE191310 – Twelfth Night |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/twe191308/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=TWE191308 – Twelfth Night |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/twe191310/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 |archive-date=22 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722154937/https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/twe191310/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 |-
-| ''[[Richelieu (play)|Richelieu]]'' || Clermont ||rowspan=2| [[Shakespeare Memorial Theatre]] || || <ref>{{cite web |title=HE5191310 – Henry V |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/he5191310/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+| ''[[Richelieu (play)|Richelieu]]'' || Clermont ||rowspan=2| [[Shakespeare Memorial Theatre]] || ||<ref>{{cite web |title=HE5191310 – Henry V |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/he5191310/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 |archive-date=22 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722154923/https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/he5191310/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 |-
-| ''[[The Tragedy of Pompey the Great]]'' || Sailor || || <ref>{{cite web |title=TRE191308 – The Tragedy of Pompey the Great |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/tre191308/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+| ''[[The Tragedy of Pompey the Great]]'' || Sailor || ||<ref>{{cite web |title=TRE191308 – The Tragedy of Pompey the Great |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/tre191308/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 |archive-date=22 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722154928/https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/tre191308/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 |-
-| ''[[Henry V (play)|Henry V]]'' || Louis the Dauphin || North American tour || || <ref>{{cite web |title=HE5191310 – Henry V |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/he5191310/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+| ''[[Henry V (play)|Henry V]]'' || Louis the Dauphin || North American tour || ||<ref>{{cite web |title=HE5191310 – Henry V |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/he5191310/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 |archive-date=22 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722154923/https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/he5191310/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 |-
-| rowspan=12|1914 || ''[[As You Like It]]'' || Silvius  ||rowspan=32| [[Shakespeare Memorial Theatre]] ||  || <ref>{{cite web |title=AYL191408 – As You Like It |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/ayl191408/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+| rowspan=12|1914 || ''[[As You Like It]]'' || Silvius  ||rowspan=32| [[Shakespeare Memorial Theatre]] ||  ||<ref>{{cite web |title=AYL191408 – As You Like It |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/ayl191408/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 |archive-date=22 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722154917/https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/ayl191408/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 |-
-|  ''[[Hamlet]]'' || Guildenstern   ||  || <ref>{{cite web |title=AYL191408 – As You Like It |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/ayl191408/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+|  ''[[Hamlet]]'' || Guildenstern   ||  ||<ref>{{cite web |title=AYL191408 – As You Like It |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/ayl191408/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 |archive-date=22 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722154917/https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/ayl191408/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 |-
-|  ''[[Henry IV, Part 2]]'' || Earl of Westmoreland, Poins  ||  || <ref>{{cite web |title=HF2191408 – Henry IV, Part 2  |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/hf2191408/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+|  ''[[Henry IV, Part 2]]'' || Earl of Westmoreland, Poins  ||  ||<ref>{{cite web |title=HF2191408 – Henry IV, Part 2 |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/hf2191408/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 |-
-|  ''[[Henry V (play)|Henry V]]'' || Louis the Dauphin  ||  || <ref>{{cite web |title=HE5191408 – Henry V  |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/he5191408/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+|  ''[[Henry V (play)|Henry V]]'' || Louis the Dauphin  ||  ||<ref>{{cite web |title=HE5191408 – Henry V |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/he5191408/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 |-
-|  ''[[Julius Caesar (play)|Julius Caesar]]'' || Octavius Caesar  ||   || <ref>{{cite web |title=JUL191408 – Julius Caesar |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/jul191408/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+|  ''[[Julius Caesar (play)|Julius Caesar]]'' || Octavius Caesar  ||   ||<ref>{{cite web |title=JUL191408 – Julius Caesar |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/jul191408/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 |-
-|  ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' || Lorenzo  ||  || <ref>{{cite web |title=MER191408 – The Merchant of Venice |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/mer191408/|website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+|  ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' || Lorenzo  ||  ||<ref>{{cite web |title=MER191408 – The Merchant of Venice |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/mer191408/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 |archive-date=22 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722154926/https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/mer191408/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 |-
-|  ''[[The Merry Wives of Windsor]]'' || Fenton  ||  || <ref>{{cite web |title=MEW191408 – The Merry Wives of Windsor |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/mew191408/|website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+|  ''[[The Merry Wives of Windsor]]'' || Fenton  ||  ||<ref>{{cite web |title=MEW191408 – The Merry Wives of Windsor |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/mew191408/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 |-
-|  ''[[Much Ado About Nothing]]'' || Conrad  ||  || <ref>{{cite web |title=MUC191408 – Much Ado About Nothing |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/muc191408/|website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+|  ''[[Much Ado About Nothing]]'' || Conrad  ||  ||<ref>{{cite web |title=MUC191408 – Much Ado About Nothing |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/muc191408/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 |-
-| ''[[Richard II (play)|Richard II]]'' || Duke of Aumerle  ||  || <ref>{{cite web |title=RI2191408 – Richard II  |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/ri2191408/|website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+| ''[[Richard II (play)|Richard II]]'' || Duke of Aumerle  ||  ||<ref>{{cite web|title=RI2191408 – Richard II|url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/ri2191408/|website=RSC Performances|publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust|access-date=22 July 2024|archive-date=22 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722154926/https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/ri2191408/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 |-
-|  ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' || Paris  ||  || <ref>{{cite web |title=ROM191408 – Romeo and Juliet |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/rom191408/|website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+|  ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' || Paris  ||  ||<ref>{{cite web |title=ROM191408 – Romeo and Juliet |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/rom191408/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 |-
-|  ''[[She Stoops to Conquer]]'' || Tom Twist  ||  || <ref>{{cite web |title=SHC191408 – She Stoops to Conquer |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/shc191408/|website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+|  ''[[She Stoops to Conquer]]'' || Tom Twist  ||  ||<ref>{{cite web |title=SHC191408 – She Stoops to Conquer |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/shc191408/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 |-
-|  ''[[Twelfth Night]]'' || Sebastian ||   || <ref>{{cite web |title=TWE191408 – Twelfth Night  |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/twe191408/|website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+|  ''[[Twelfth Night]]'' || Sebastian ||   ||<ref>{{cite web|title=TWE191408 – Twelfth Night|url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/twe191408/|website=RSC Performances|publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust|access-date=22 July 2024}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 |-
-| rowspan=14|1915 || ''[[Julius Caesar (play)|Julius Caesar]]'' || Octavius Caesar ||  || <ref>{{cite web |title= JUL191504 – Julius Caesar |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/jul191504/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+| rowspan=14|1915 || ''[[Julius Caesar (play)|Julius Caesar]]'' || Octavius Caesar ||  ||<ref>{{cite web |title=JUL191504 – Julius Caesar |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/jul191504/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 |-
-| ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' || Romeo  || || <ref>{{cite web |title= ROM191504 – Romeo and Juliet |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/rom191504/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+| ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' || Romeo  || ||<ref>{{cite web |title=ROM191504 – Romeo and Juliet |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/rom191504/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 |archive-date=22 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722154928/https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/rom191504/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 |-
-| ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' || Bassanio || || <ref>{{cite web |title=MER191504 – The Merchant of Venice|url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/mer191504 |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+| ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' || Bassanio || ||<ref>{{cite web |title=MER191504 – The Merchant of Venice |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/mer191504 |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 |-
-| ''[[The Merry Wives of Windsor]]'' || Mr Page || || <ref>{{cite web |title=MEW191504 – The Merry Wives of Windsor|url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/mew191504 |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+| ''[[The Merry Wives of Windsor]]'' || Mr Page || ||<ref>{{cite web |title=MEW191504 – The Merry Wives of Windsor |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/mew191504 |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 |-
-| ''[[Hamlet]]'' || Laertes  || || <ref>{{cite web |title=HAM191504 – Hamlet|url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/ham191504/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+| ''[[Hamlet]]'' || Laertes  || ||<ref>{{cite web |title=HAM191504 – Hamlet |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/ham191504/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 |archive-date=22 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722154925/https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/ham191504/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 |-
-| ''[[Henry V (play)|Henry V]]'' || Louis the Dauphin || || <ref>{{cite web |title=HE5191504 – Henry V |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/he5191504/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+| ''[[Henry V (play)|Henry V]]'' || Louis the Dauphin || ||<ref>{{cite web |title=HE5191504 – Henry V |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/he5191504/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 |-
-| ''[[The Taming of the Shrew]]'' || Lucentio || || <ref>{{cite web |title=TAM191504 – The Taming of the Shrew |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/tam191504/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+| ''[[The Taming of the Shrew]]'' || Lucentio || ||<ref>{{cite web |title=TAM191504 – The Taming of the Shrew |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/tam191504/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 |-
-| ''[[Richard III (play)|Richard III]]'' || Duke of Norfolk, Lord Hastings || || <ref>{{cite web |title=RI3191504 – Richard III |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/ri3191504 |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+| ''[[Richard III (play)|Richard III]]'' || Duke of Norfolk, Lord Hastings || ||<ref>{{cite web |title=RI3191504 – Richard III |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/ri3191504 |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 |archive-date=22 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722154935/https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/ri3191504 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 |-
-|  ''[[Twelfth Night]]'' || Orsino || || <ref>{{cite web |title=TWE191504 – Twelfth Night |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/twe191504/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+|  ''[[Twelfth Night]]'' || Orsino || ||<ref>{{cite web |title=TWE191504 – Twelfth Night |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/twe191504/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 |-
-|  ''[[Coriolanus]]'' || Tullus Aufidius  || || <ref>{{cite web |title=COR191504 – Coriolanus |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/cor191504/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+|  ''[[Coriolanus]]'' || Tullus Aufidius  || ||<ref>{{cite web |title=COR191504 – Coriolanus |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/cor191504/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 |-
-| ''[[Richard II]]'' || Duke of Aumerle  || || <ref>{{cite web |title=RI2191508 – Richard II|url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/ri2191508/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+| ''[[Richard II]]'' || Duke of Aumerle  || ||<ref>{{cite web |title=RI2191508 – Richard II |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/ri2191508/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 |archive-date=22 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722154925/https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/ri2191508/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 |-
-|  ''[[Henry IV, Part 2]]'' || Prince Henry || || <ref>{{cite web |title=HF2191508 – Henry IV, Part 2|url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/hf2191508/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+|  ''[[Henry IV, Part 2]]'' || Prince Henry || ||<ref>{{cite web |title=HF2191508 – Henry IV, Part 2 |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/hf2191508/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 |-
-|  ''[[As You Like It]]'' || Orlando ||  || <ref>{{cite web |title=AYL191508 – As You Like It |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/ayl191508/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+|  ''[[As You Like It]]'' || Orlando ||  ||<ref>{{cite web |title=AYL191508 – As You Like It |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/ayl191508/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 |-
-| ''[[Paolo and Francesca]]'' || Paolo || || <ref>{{cite web |title=PAO191508 – Paolo and Francesca |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/pao191508/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+| ''[[Paolo and Francesca]]'' || Paolo || ||<ref>{{cite web |title=PAO191508 – Paolo and Francesca |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/pao191508/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
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-|rowspan=6| 1919 || ''[[The Merry Wives of Windsor]]'' || Fenton  || || <ref>{{cite web |title=MEW191908 – The Merry Wives of Windsor |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/mew191908/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+|rowspan=6| 1919 || ''[[The Merry Wives of Windsor]]'' || Fenton  || ||<ref>{{cite web |title=MEW191908 – The Merry Wives of Windsor |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/mew191908/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 |-
-|  ''[[The Winter's Tale]]'' || Florizel ||  || <ref>{{cite web |title=WIN191908 – The Winter's Tale |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/win191908/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+|  ''[[The Winter's Tale]]'' || Florizel ||  ||<ref>{{cite web |title=WIN191908 – The Winter's Tale |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/win191908/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 |-
-|  ''[[Julius Caesar (play)|Julius Caesar]]'' || Cassius  ||  || <ref>{{cite web |title=JUL191908 – Julius Caesar  |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/jul191908/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+|  ''[[Julius Caesar (play)|Julius Caesar]]'' || Cassius  ||  ||<ref>{{cite web |title=JUL191908 – Julius Caesar |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/jul191908/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 |-
-| ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]'' || Lysander  ||  || <ref>{{cite web |title=MND191908 – A Midsummer Night's Dream |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/mnd191908/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+| ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]'' || Lysander  ||  ||<ref>{{cite web |title=MND191908 – A Midsummer Night's Dream |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/mnd191908/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 |archive-date=22 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722154929/https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/mnd191908/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 |-
-| ''[[The Tempest]]'' || Ferdinand  ||  || <ref>{{cite web |title=TEM191908 – The Tempest |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/tem191908/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+| ''[[The Tempest]]'' || Ferdinand  ||  ||<ref>{{cite web |title=TEM191908 – The Tempest |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/tem191908/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 |-
-| ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' || Romeo  ||  || <ref>{{cite web |title=ROM191908 – Romeo and Juliet |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/rom191908/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+| ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' || Romeo  ||  ||<ref>{{cite web |title=ROM191908 – Romeo and Juliet |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/rom191908/ |website=RSC Performances |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=22 July 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 |-
-| 1922 || ''The Czarina'' || Count Alexei Czerny  || [[Empire Theatre (41st Street)|Empire Theatre]] || Broadway debut || <ref name="rathboneibdb">{{cite web |title=Basil Rathbone – Broadway Cast & Staff |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/basil-rathbone-4443 |website=Internet Broadway Database |publisher=The Broadway League LLC |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Czarina – Broadway Play – Original |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/the-czarina-12694#OpeningNightCast |website=Internet Broadway Database |publisher=The Broadway League LLC |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+| 1922 || ''The Czarina'' || Count Alexei Czerny  || [[Empire Theatre (41st Street)|Empire Theatre]] || Broadway debut ||<ref name="rathboneibdb">{{cite web |title=Basil Rathbone – Broadway Cast & Staff |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/basil-rathbone-4443 |website=Internet Broadway Database |publisher=The Broadway League LLC |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Czarina – Broadway Play – Original |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/the-czarina-12694#OpeningNightCast |website=Internet Broadway Database |publisher=The Broadway League LLC |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
 |-
-| 1923 || rowspan=2| ''The Swan'' ||rowspan=2| Dr. Nicholas Agi   || [[James Earl Jones Theatre|Cort Theatre]] ||  || <ref>{{cite web |title=The Swan – Broadway Play – Original |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/the-swan-9304#OpeningNightCast |website=Internet Broadway Database |publisher=The Broadway League LLC |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+| 1923 || rowspan=2| ''The Swan'' ||rowspan=2| Dr. Nicholas Agi   || [[James Earl Jones Theatre|Cort Theatre]] ||  ||<ref>{{cite web |title=The Swan – Broadway Play – Original |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/the-swan-9304#OpeningNightCast |website=Internet Broadway Database |publisher=The Broadway League LLC |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
 |-
-| rowspan=2|1924 || [[Empire Theatre (41st Street)|Empire Theatre]]  ||  || <ref>{{cite web |title=The Swan – Broadway Play – Original |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/the-swan-501431#OpeningNightCast |website=Internet Broadway Database |publisher=The Broadway League LLC |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+| rowspan=2|1924 || [[Empire Theatre (41st Street)|Empire Theatre]]  ||  ||<ref>{{cite web |title=The Swan – Broadway Play – Original |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/the-swan-501431#OpeningNightCast |website=Internet Broadway Database |publisher=The Broadway League LLC |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
 |-
-| ''[[The Assumption of Hannele]]'' || Gottwald, The Stranger   || [[James Earl Jones Theatre|Cort Theatre]] ||  || <ref>{{cite web |title=The Assumption of Hannele – Broadway Play – Original |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/the-assumption-of-hannele-9477#OpeningNightCast |website=Internet Broadway Database |publisher=The Broadway League LLC |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+| ''[[The Assumption of Hannele]]'' || Gottwald, The Stranger   || [[James Earl Jones Theatre|Cort Theatre]] ||  ||<ref>{{cite web |title=The Assumption of Hannele – Broadway Play – Original |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/the-assumption-of-hannele-9477#OpeningNightCast |website=Internet Broadway Database |publisher=The Broadway League LLC |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
 |-
-| 1925||''[[The Grand Duchess and the Waiter]]'' || Albert || [[Lyceum Theatre (Broadway)|Lyceum Theatre]] ||  || <ref name="The Broadway League LLC">{{cite web |title=The Grand Duchess and the Waiter – Broadway Play – Original |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/the-grand-duchess-and-the-waiter-8362#OpeningNightCast |website=Internet Broadway Database |publisher=The Broadway League LLC |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+| 1925||''[[The Grand Duchess and the Waiter]]'' || Albert || [[Lyceum Theatre (Broadway)|Lyceum Theatre]] ||  ||<ref name="The Broadway League LLC">{{cite web |title=The Grand Duchess and the Waiter – Broadway Play – Original |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/the-grand-duchess-and-the-waiter-8362#OpeningNightCast |website=Internet Broadway Database |publisher=The Broadway League LLC |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
 |-
-| rowspan=2|1926||''Port O' London'' || Anthony Pook  || [[Daly's 63rd Street Theatre]] ||  || <ref>{{cite web |title=Port O' London – Broadway Play – Original |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/port-o-london-9997#OpeningNightCast |website=Internet Broadway Database |publisher=The Broadway League LLC |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+| rowspan=2|1926||''Port O' London'' || Anthony Pook  || [[Daly's 63rd Street Theatre]] ||  ||<ref>{{cite web |title=Port O' London – Broadway Play – Original |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/port-o-london-9997#OpeningNightCast |website=Internet Broadway Database |publisher=The Broadway League LLC |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
 |-
-| ''[[The Captive (play)|The Captive]]'' || Jacques Virieu  || [[Empire Theatre (41st Street)|Empire Theatre]] ||  || <ref name="The Broadway League LLC"/>
+| ''[[The Captive (play)|The Captive]]'' || Jacques Virieu  || [[Empire Theatre (41st Street)|Empire Theatre]] ||  ||<ref name="The Broadway League LLC"/>
 |-
-|rowspan=7| 1927||''Love is Like That'' || Vladimir Dubriski  || [[James Earl Jones Theatre|Cort Theatre]] ||  || <ref>{{cite web |title=Love Is Like That – Broadway Play – Original |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/love-is-like-that-10281#OpeningNightCast |website=Internet Broadway Database |publisher=The Broadway League LLC |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+|rowspan=7| 1927||''Love is Like That'' || Vladimir Dubriski  || [[James Earl Jones Theatre|Cort Theatre]] ||  ||<ref>{{cite web |title=Love Is Like That – Broadway Play – Original |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/love-is-like-that-10281#OpeningNightCast |website=Internet Broadway Database |publisher=The Broadway League LLC |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
 |-
-| ''[[Julius Caesar (play)|Julius Caesar]]'' || Cassius || [[New Amsterdam Theatre]] ||  || <ref>{{cite web |title=Julius Caesar – Broadway Play – 1927 Revival |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/julius-caesar-10331#OpeningNightCast |website=Internet Broadway Database |publisher=The Broadway League LLC |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+| ''[[Julius Caesar (play)|Julius Caesar]]'' || Cassius || [[New Amsterdam Theatre]] ||  ||<ref>{{cite web |title=Julius Caesar – Broadway Play – 1927 Revival |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/julius-caesar-10331#OpeningNightCast |website=Internet Broadway Database |publisher=The Broadway League LLC |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
 |-
-| ''[[The Guardsman]]'' || performer || rowspan=4|Cape Playhouse ||  ||rowspan=4| <ref name=cph>{{cite web |title=Production History |url=https://capeplayhouse.com/production-history/ |website=The Cape Playhouse |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+| ''[[The Guardsman]]'' || performer || rowspan=4|Cape Playhouse ||  ||rowspan=4|<ref name=cph>{{cite web |title=Production History |url=https://capeplayhouse.com/production-history/ |website=The Cape Playhouse |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
 |-
 | ''[[Peter Ibbetson]]'' || performer ||
 |-
 | ''[[The Grand Duchess and the Waiter]]'' || performer ||
 |-
 | ''[[Outward Bound (play)|Outward Bound]]'' || performer ||
 |-
-| ''The Command to Love'' || Gaston, Marquis du Saint-Lac   || rowspan=2|[[Longacre Theatre]] ||  || <ref>{{cite web |title=The Command to Love – Broadway Play – Original |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/the-command-to-love-10373#OpeningNightCast |website=Internet Broadway Database |publisher=The Broadway League LLC |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+| ''The Command to Love'' || Gaston, Marquis du Saint-Lac   || rowspan=2|[[Longacre Theatre]] ||  ||<ref>{{cite web |title=The Command to Love – Broadway Play – Original |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/the-command-to-love-10373#OpeningNightCast |website=Internet Broadway Database |publisher=The Broadway League LLC |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
 |-
-| 1929||''Judas'' || Judas  ||  co-authored by Rathbone and Walter Ferris || <ref>{{cite web |title=Judas – Broadway Play – Original |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/judas-10840#OpeningNightCast |website=Internet Broadway Database |publisher=The Broadway League |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+| 1929||''Judas'' || Judas  ||  co-authored by Rathbone and Walter Ferris ||<ref>{{cite web |title=Judas – Broadway Play – Original |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/judas-10840#OpeningNightCast |website=Internet Broadway Database |publisher=The Broadway League |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
 |-
-| 1930||''A Kiss of Importance'' || Christian Saint Obin  ||rowspan=2| [[Fulton Theatre]] ||  || <ref>{{cite web |title=A Kiss of Importance – Broadway Play – Original |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/a-kiss-of-importance-11277#OpeningNightCast |website=Internet Broadway Database |publisher=The Broadway League LLC |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+| 1930||''A Kiss of Importance'' || Christian Saint Obin  ||rowspan=2| [[Fulton Theatre]] ||  ||<ref>{{cite web |title=A Kiss of Importance – Broadway Play – Original |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/a-kiss-of-importance-11277#OpeningNightCast |website=Internet Broadway Database |publisher=The Broadway League LLC |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
 |-
-| 1931||''Heat Wave'' || Hugh Dawltry  || || <ref>{{cite web |title=Heat Wave – Broadway Play – Original |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/heat-wave-11323#OpeningNightCast |website=Internet Broadway Database |publisher=The Broadway League |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+| 1931||''Heat Wave'' || Hugh Dawltry  || ||<ref>{{cite web |title=Heat Wave – Broadway Play – Original |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/heat-wave-11323#OpeningNightCast |website=Internet Broadway Database |publisher=The Broadway League |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
 |-
-| 1931||''[[Mélo (play)|Melo]]'' || Marcel Blanc || [[Ethel Barrymore Theatre]] ||  || <ref>{{cite web |title=Melo – Broadway Play – Original |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/melo-11354#OpeningNightCast |website=Internet Broadway Database |publisher=The Broadway League LLC |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+| 1931||''[[Mélo (play)|Melo]]'' || Marcel Blanc || [[Ethel Barrymore Theatre]] ||  ||<ref>{{cite web |title=Melo – Broadway Play – Original |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/melo-11354#OpeningNightCast |website=Internet Broadway Database |publisher=The Broadway League LLC |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
 |-
-| 1932||''The Devil Passes'' || Rev. Nicholas Lucy || [[Selwyn Theatre]] ||  || <ref>{{cite web |title=The Devil Passes – Broadway Play – Original |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/the-devil-passes-11478#OpeningNightCast |website=Internet Broadway Database |publisher=The Broadway League LLC |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+| 1932||''The Devil Passes'' || Rev. Nicholas Lucy || [[Selwyn Theatre]] ||  ||<ref>{{cite web |title=The Devil Passes – Broadway Play – Original |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/the-devil-passes-11478#OpeningNightCast |website=Internet Broadway Database |publisher=The Broadway League LLC |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
 |-
-| 1934||''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' || Romeo || [[Martin Beck Theatre]] ||  || <ref>{{cite news |title=NEWS OF THE STAGE; Katharine Cornell in Her Own Arrangement of 'Romeo and Juliet' Tonight -- 'Rain' to Be Revived? |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1934/12/20/94590083.html?pageNumber=30 |access-date=22 July 2024 |work=The New York Times |date=20 December 1934}}</ref>
+| 1934||''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' || Romeo || [[Martin Beck Theatre]] ||  ||<ref>{{cite news |title=NEWS OF THE STAGE; Katharine Cornell in Her Own Arrangement of 'Romeo and Juliet' Tonight -- 'Rain' to Be Revived? |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1934/12/20/94590083.html?pageNumber=30 |access-date=22 July 2024 |work=The New York Times |date=20 December 1934}}</ref>
 |-
-| 1946||''Obsession'' || Maurice || [[Gerald Schoenfeld Theatre|Plymouth Theatre]] ||  || <ref>{{cite web |title=Obsession – Broadway Play – Original |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/obsession-1458#OpeningNightCast |website=Internet Broadway Database |publisher=The Broadway League LLC |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+| 1946||''Obsession'' || Maurice || [[Gerald Schoenfeld Theatre|Plymouth Theatre]] ||  ||<ref>{{cite web |title=Obsession – Broadway Play – Original |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/obsession-1458#OpeningNightCast |website=Internet Broadway Database |publisher=The Broadway League LLC |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
 |-
-| 1947|| rowspan=3|''[[The Heiress (1947 play)|The Heiress]]'' ||rowspan=3| Dr. Austin Sloper  || [[Samuel J. Friedman Theatre|Biltmore Theatre]] || [[Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play]] || <ref>{{cite news |last1=Atkinson |first1=Brooks |title=THE NEW PLAY |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1947/09/30/282546522.html?pageNumber=22 |access-date=22 July 2024 |work=The New York Times |date=30 September 1947}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Winners (1948) |url=https://www.tonyawards.com/winners/year/1948/category/any/show/any/ |website=The Tony Awards |publisher=Tony Award ® Productions |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+| 1947|| rowspan=3|''[[The Heiress (1947 play)|The Heiress]]'' ||rowspan=3| Dr. Austin Sloper  || [[Samuel J. Friedman Theatre|Biltmore Theatre]] || [[Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play]] ||<ref>{{cite news |last1=Atkinson |first1=Brooks |title=THE NEW PLAY |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1947/09/30/282546522.html?pageNumber=22 |access-date=22 July 2024 |work=The New York Times |date=30 September 1947}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Winners (1948) |url=https://www.tonyawards.com/winners/year/1948/category/any/show/any/ |website=The Tony Awards |publisher=Tony Award Productions |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
 |-
-|1949 || Cape Playhouse  || || <ref name=cph />
+|1949 || Cape Playhouse  || ||<ref name=cph />
 |-
-|rowspan=4|1950 || [[New York City Center]]  || || <ref>{{cite web |title=The Heiress – Broadway Play – 1950 Revival |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/the-heiress-476327#OpeningNightCast |website=Internet Broadway Database |publisher=The Broadway League LLC |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+|rowspan=4|1950 || [[New York City Center]]  || ||<ref>{{cite web |title=The Heiress – Broadway Play – 1950 Revival |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/the-heiress-476327#OpeningNightCast |website=Internet Broadway Database |publisher=The Broadway League LLC |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
 |-
-| ''[[Julius Caesar (play)|Julius Caesar]]'' || Cassius || [[Edison Theatre|Arena Theatre]] || || <ref>{{cite news |last1=Calta |first1=Louis |title=PREMIERE TONIGHT OF 'JULIUS CAESAR'; Basil Rathbone to Play Role of Cassius in Version at Arena --Levin Directed Show Unions and Owners Meet A.N.T.A. Votes Members Aqua Show" Due June 27 |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1950/06/20/113162135.html?pageNumber=23 |access-date=22 July 2024 |work=The New York Times |date=20 June 1950}}</ref>
+| ''[[Julius Caesar (play)|Julius Caesar]]'' || Cassius || [[Edison Theatre|Arena Theatre]] || ||<ref>{{cite news |last1=Calta |first1=Louis |title=PREMIERE TONIGHT OF 'JULIUS CAESAR'; Basil Rathbone to Play Role of Cassius in Version at Arena --Levin Directed Show Unions and Owners Meet A.N.T.A. Votes Members Aqua Show" Due June 27 |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1950/06/20/113162135.html?pageNumber=23 |access-date=22 July 2024 |work=The New York Times |date=20 June 1950}}</ref>
 |-
-|rowspan=2| ''[[The Gioconda Smile]]'' ||rowspan=2| Henry Hutton || [[Lyceum Theatre (Broadway)|Lyceum Theatre]] ||  ||rowspan=2| <ref>{{cite web |title=The Gioconda Smile – Broadway Play – Original |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/the-gioconda-smile-1813#OpeningNightCast |website=Internet Broadway Database |publisher=The Broadway League LLC |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+|rowspan=2| ''[[The Gioconda Smile]]'' ||rowspan=2| Henry Hutton || [[Lyceum Theatre (Broadway)|Lyceum Theatre]] ||  ||rowspan=2|<ref>{{cite web |title=The Gioconda Smile – Broadway Play – Original |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/the-gioconda-smile-1813#OpeningNightCast |website=Internet Broadway Database |publisher=The Broadway League LLC |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
 |-
 | [[Fulton Theatre]] ||
 |-
-| 1952||''Jane'' || William Tower || [[Eugene O'Neill Theatre|Coronet Theatre]] ||  || <ref>{{cite news |last1=Atkinson |first1=Brooks |title=S. N. BEHRMAN'S 'JANE'; Edna Best and Basil Rathbone Playing in a Theatre Guild Production |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1952/02/02/84300754.html?pageNumber=10 |access-date=22 July 2024 |work=The New York Times |date=2 February 1952}}</ref>
+| 1952||''Jane'' || William Tower || [[Eugene O'Neill Theatre|Coronet Theatre]] ||  ||<ref>{{cite news |last1=Atkinson |first1=Brooks |title=S. N. BEHRMAN'S 'JANE'; Edna Best and Basil Rathbone Playing in a Theatre Guild Production |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1952/02/02/84300754.html?pageNumber=10 |access-date=22 July 2024 |work=The New York Times |date=2 February 1952}}</ref>
 |-
-| 1953||''Sherlock Holmes'' || Sherlock Holmes || [[New Century Theatre]] || written by [[Ouida Bergère]] || <ref>{{cite news |last1=Atkinson |first1=Brooks |title=AT THE THEATRE; Basil Rathbone Plays 'Sherlock Holmes' in a Detective Drama Written by His Wife |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1953/10/31/83739351.html?pageNumber=11 |access-date=22 July 2024 |work=The New York Times |date=31 October 1953}}</ref>
+| 1953||''Sherlock Holmes'' || Sherlock Holmes || [[New Century Theatre]] || written by [[Ouida Bergère]] ||<ref>{{cite news |last1=Atkinson |first1=Brooks |title=AT THE THEATRE; Basil Rathbone Plays 'Sherlock Holmes' in a Detective Drama Written by His Wife |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1953/10/31/83739351.html?pageNumber=11 |access-date=22 July 2024 |work=The New York Times |date=31 October 1953}}</ref>
 |-
-| rowspan=2|1957||''Hide and Seek'' || Sir Roger Johnson || [[Ethel Barrymore Theatre]] || || <ref>{{cite web |title=Hide and Seek – Broadway Play – Original |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/hide-and-seek-2626#OpeningNightCast |website=Internet Broadway Database |publisher=The Broadway League LLC |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+| rowspan=2|1957||''Hide and Seek'' || Sir Roger Johnson || [[Ethel Barrymore Theatre]] || ||<ref>{{cite web |title=Hide and Seek – Broadway Play – Original |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/hide-and-seek-2626#OpeningNightCast |website=Internet Broadway Database |publisher=The Broadway League LLC |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
 |-
-| ''[[Witness for the Prosecution (play)|Witness for the Prosecution]]'' || performer || Cape Playhouse || || <ref name=cph />
+| ''[[Witness for the Prosecution (play)|Witness for the Prosecution]]'' || performer || Cape Playhouse || ||<ref name=cph />
 |-
-| 1959||''J.B.'' || Mr Zuss || [[ANTA Playhouse]] || replacement || <ref>{{cite web |title=J.B. – Broadway Play – Original |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/jb-2725#Replacements |website=Internet Broadway Database |publisher=The Broadway League LLC |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+| 1959||''J.B.'' || Mr Zuss || [[ANTA Playhouse]] || replacement ||<ref>{{cite web |title=J.B. – Broadway Play – Original |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/jb-2725#Replacements |website=Internet Broadway Database |publisher=The Broadway League LLC |access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
 |-
 |}
@@ Line 511: / Line 536: @@
 ==Further reading==
 * {{cite book |last= Alistair |first= Rupert |title= The Name Below the Title : 65 Classic Movie Character Actors from Hollywood's Golden Age |chapter= Basil Rathbone |pages= 218–220 |date= 2018 |edition= First |type= softcover |publisher= Independently published |location= Great Britain |isbn = 978-1-7200-3837-5}}
+* {{cite book|last=Druxman|first=Michael B.|title=Basil Rathbone: His Life and His Films|publisher=BearManor Media|year=2011|isbn=978-1629337234}}
 * {{cite book |editor-last= Parker |editor-first= John |title= The Dramatic List; Who's Who in the Theatre; A Biographical Record of the Contemporary Stage |url= https://archive.org/details/dramaticlistwhos007920mbp |url-access= limited |pages= [https://archive.org/details/dramaticlistwhos007920mbp/page/n1206 1183–1184]|date= 1947 |edition= Tenth revised |type= hardcover |publisher= Sir Isaac Pitman |location= London |isbn = <!-- None -->}}
@@ Line 533: / Line 559: @@
 [[Category:Audiobook narrators]]
 [[Category:British Army personnel of World War I]]
-[[Category:English expatriate male actors in the United States]]
+[[Category:British expatriate actors in the United States]]
 [[Category:Burials at Ferncliff Cemetery]]
 [[Category:English Anglicans]]
+[[Category:English expatriate actors in the United States]]
+[[Category:English expatriate male actors in the United States]]
 [[Category:English male film actors]]
-[[Category:English male stage actors]]
 [[Category:English male radio actors]]
 [[Category:English male Shakespearean actors]]
+[[Category:English male stage actors]]
 [[Category:English male television actors]]
 [[Category:English male voice actors]]
+[[Category:Liverpool Scottish officers]]
 [[Category:London Scottish soldiers]]
-[[Category:Liverpool Scottish officers]]
 [[Category:Male actors from Johannesburg]]
 [[Category:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract players]]
+[[Category:Military personnel from Johannesburg]]
 [[Category:People educated at Repton School]]
 [[Category:Rathbone family|Basil]]
 [[Category:Recipients of the Military Cross]]
+[[Category:South African emigrants to the United Kingdom]]
+[[Category:South African people of English descent]]
+[[Category:Territorial Force officers]]
+[[Category:Territorial Force soldiers]]
 [[Category:Tony Award winners]]
 [[Category:Universal Pictures contract players]]
-[[Category:Military personnel from Johannesburg]]
-[[Category:Territorial Force soldiers]]
-[[Category:Territorial Force officers]]