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{{Short description|Jamaican musician (born 1945)}}
{{for|the Florida State University society|Burning Spear Society}}
{{for|the Florida State University society|Burning Spear Society}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
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| years_active    = 1969–present
| years_active    = 1969–present
| label          = {{Hlist|[[Studio One (record label)|Studio One]]|[[Island Records|Island]]|[[EMI]]|[[Heartbeat Records|Heartbeat]]|[[Slash Records|Slash]]/[[Warner Bros. Records|Warner Bros.]]|Burning}}
| label          = {{Hlist|[[Studio One (record label)|Studio One]]|[[Island Records|Island]]|[[EMI]]|[[Heartbeat Records|Heartbeat]]|[[Slash Records|Slash]]/[[Warner Bros. Records|Warner Bros.]]|Burning}}
| associated_acts =
| website        = {{URL|www.burningspearwebsite.com/}}
| website        = {{URL|www.burningspearwebsite.com/}}
}}
}}
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==Early life==
==Early life==
Winston Rodney was born in Saint Ann's Bay, [[Saint Ann Parish, Jamaica|Saint Ann]], Jamaica. He is married to Sonia Rodney. As a young man he listened to the R&B, soul and jazz music transmitted by the US radio stations whose broadcasts reached Jamaica. [[Curtis Mayfield]] is cited by Rodney as a major US musical influence along with [[James Brown]].<ref name="NPR">[https://archive.today/20130704120529/http://m.npr.org/story/4964910  'Our Music': New Reggae from Burning Spear by Christopher Johnson] NPR Radio Show transcription 19 October 2005. Retrieved 27 April 2013</ref> Rodney was deeply influenced as a young man by the views of the political activist [[Marcus Garvey]], especially with regard to the exploration of the themes of Pan-Africanism and [[self-determination]].<ref name="NPR" /> In 1969, [[Bob Marley]], who was also from Saint Ann, advised Rodney to approach [[Coxsone Dodd]]'s [[Studio One (record label)|Studio One]] label after Rodney sought his advice during a casual conversation.<ref name="Thompson">Thompson, Dave: ''Reggae & Caribbean Music'', 2002, Backbeat Books, {{ISBN|0-87930-655-6}}, p. 51-54</ref><ref name="Jackson">Jackson, Kevin (2004) "Audience appreciation gives Burning Spear the drive to continue", ''[[Jamaica Observer]]'', 23 July 2004.</ref><ref name="Barrow">Barrow, Steve & Dalton, Peter (2004) ''The Rough Guide to Reggae, 3rd edn.'', Rough Guides, {{ISBN|1-84353-329-4}}, p. 95</ref>
Winston Rodney was born in Saint Ann's Bay, [[Saint Ann Parish, Jamaica|Saint Ann]], Jamaica.<ref name="LarkinReggae">{{cite book|title=[[Encyclopedia of Popular Music|The Guinness Who's Who of Reggae]]|editor=[[Colin Larkin (writer)|Colin Larkin]]|publisher=[[Guinness Publishing]]|date=1994|edition=First|isbn=0-85112-734-7|pages=41/3}}</ref> He is married to Sonia Rodney. As a young man he listened to the R&B, soul and jazz music transmitted by the US radio stations whose broadcasts reached Jamaica. [[Curtis Mayfield]] is cited by Rodney as a major US musical influence along with [[James Brown]].<ref name="NPR">[https://archive.today/20130704120529/http://m.npr.org/story/4964910  'Our Music': New Reggae from Burning Spear by Christopher Johnson] NPR Radio Show transcription 19 October 2005. Retrieved 27 April 2013</ref> Rodney was deeply influenced as a young man by the views of the political activist [[Marcus Garvey]], especially with regard to the exploration of the themes of Pan-Africanism and [[self-determination]].<ref name="NPR" /> In 1969, [[Bob Marley]], who was also from Saint Ann, advised Rodney to approach [[Coxsone Dodd]]'s [[Studio One (record label)|Studio One]] label after Rodney sought his advice during a casual conversation.<ref name="Thompson">Thompson, Dave: ''Reggae & Caribbean Music'', 2002, Backbeat Books, {{ISBN|0-87930-655-6}}, pp. 51-54</ref><ref name="Jackson">Jackson, Kevin (2004) "Audience appreciation gives Burning Spear the drive to continue", ''[[Jamaica Observer]]'', 23 July 2004.</ref><ref name="Barrow">Barrow, Steve & Dalton, Peter (2004) ''The Rough Guide to Reggae, 3rd edn.'', Rough Guides, {{ISBN|1-84353-329-4}}, p. 95</ref>


==Career==
==Career==
Burning Spear was originally Rodney's group, named after a military award given by [[Jomo Kenyatta]], the first President of an independent [[Kenya]],<ref name="Moskowitz" /> and included bass singer Rupert Willington. The duo auditioned for Dodd in 1969 which led to the release of their debut single "Door Peep" (the session also included [[Cedric Brooks]] on saxophone).<ref name="Thompson" /><ref>[http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20100311/ent/ent2.html Cedric Brooks – Jamaica Gleaner "Saxophonist Cedric Brooks recovering but critical"] Published 11 March 2010. Reporter: Howard Campbell. Retrieved 27 April 2013.</ref> They were then joined by tenor Delroy Hinds. The trio recorded several more singles for Dodd, and two albums, before they moved on to work with [[Jack Ruby (record producer)|Jack Ruby]] in 1975.<ref name="Thompson" /> Their first recording with Ruby, "Marcus Garvey", was intended as an exclusive track for Ruby's [[Ocho Rios]]–based Hi-Power [[Sound system (Jamaican)|sound system]], but was released as a single, giving them an immediate hit, and was followed by "Slavery Days".<ref name="Thompson" /> These recordings featured the backing band The Black Disciples, which included [[Earl "Chinna" Smith]], [[Valentine Chin]], [[Robbie Shakespeare]] and [[Leroy Wallace]].<ref name="Thompson" /> The group worked with Ruby on their third album, ''[[Marcus Garvey (album)|Marcus Garvey]]'' (1975), which was immediately successful and led to a deal with [[Island Records]] to give the album a wider release.<ref name="Thompson" /> Island remixed and altered the speed of some of the tracks, much to the annoyance of fans and the group,<ref name="Greene">Greene, Jo-Ann "[{{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p2872/biography|pure_url=yes}} Burning Spear Biography]", [[AllMusic]], Macrovision Corporation</ref> leading Rodney to set up his own Burning Music<ref>correction per discussion with Winston Rodney aka Burning Spear</ref> label for future releases where he would have full control, although further releases followed on Island including ''[[Garvey's Ghost]]'', a [[Dub music|dub]] version of the Marcus Garvey album, and ''[[Man in the Hills]]''.<ref name="Thompson" /> In late 1976, Rodney split from both Ruby and group members Willington and Hinds, and from that point on used the name Burning Spear for himself alone. ''Dry and Heavy'' followed in 1977, self-produced but still on Island, and with a sizeable following by now in the United Kingdom,<ref name="Greene" /> he performed in London that year with members of [[Aswad (band)|Aswad]] acting as his backing band for a sold-out show at the [[Rainbow Theatre]], which was recorded and released as the album ''Live!''.<ref name="Thompson" /> Aswad also provided backing on his next studio album, ''[[Social Living]]'' (1978), which also featured [[Sly Dunbar]] and [[Rico Rodriguez (musician)|Rico Rodriguez]].<ref name="Thompson" /> A dub version of the album, ''Living Dub'' (1979), was mixed by [[Sylvan Morris]].<ref name="Thompson" /> His profile was raised further by an appearance in the film ''[[Rockers (1978 film)|Rockers]]'', performing "Jah no Dead".<ref name="Greene" />
Burning Spear was originally Rodney's group, named after a military award given by [[Jomo Kenyatta]], the first President of an independent [[Kenya]],<ref name="Moskowitz" /> and included bass singer Rupert Willington. The duo auditioned for Dodd in 1969 which led to the release of their debut single "Door Peep" (the session also included [[Cedric Brooks]] on saxophone).<ref name="Thompson" /><ref>[http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20100311/ent/ent2.html Cedric Brooks – Jamaica Gleaner "Saxophonist Cedric Brooks recovering but critical"] Published 11 March 2010. Reporter: Howard Campbell. Retrieved 27 April 2013.</ref> They were then joined by tenor Delroy Hinds. The trio recorded several more singles for Dodd, and two albums, before they moved on to work with [[Jack Ruby (record producer)|Jack Ruby]] in 1975.<ref name="Thompson" /> Their first recording with Ruby, "Marcus Garvey", was intended as an exclusive track for Ruby's [[Ocho Rios]]–based Hi-Power [[Sound system (Jamaican)|sound system]], but was released as a single, giving them an immediate hit, and was followed by "Slavery Days".<ref name="Thompson" /> These recordings featured the backing band The Black Disciples, which included [[Earl "Chinna" Smith]], [[Valentine Chin]], [[Robbie Shakespeare]] and [[Leroy Wallace]].<ref name="Thompson" /> The group worked with Ruby on their third album, ''[[Marcus Garvey (album)|Marcus Garvey]]'' (1975), which was immediately successful and led to a deal with [[Island Records]] to give the album a wider release.<ref name="Thompson" /> Island remixed and altered the speed of some of the tracks, much to the annoyance of fans and the group,<ref name="Greene">Greene, Jo-Ann "[{{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p2872/biography|pure_url=yes}} Burning Spear Biography]", [[AllMusic]]</ref> leading Rodney to set up his own Burning Music label for future releases where he would have full control, although further releases followed on Island including ''[[Garvey's Ghost]]'', a [[Dub music|dub]] version of the Marcus Garvey album, and ''[[Man in the Hills]]''.<ref name="Thompson" /> In late 1976, Rodney split from both Ruby and group members Willington and Hinds, and from that point on used the name Burning Spear for himself alone. ''Dry and Heavy'' followed in 1977, self-produced but still on Island, and with a sizeable following by now in the United Kingdom,<ref name="Greene" /> he performed in London that year with members of [[Aswad (band)|Aswad]] acting as his backing band for a sold-out show at the [[Rainbow Theatre]], which was recorded and released as the album ''Live!''.<ref name="Thompson" /> Aswad also provided backing on his next studio album, ''[[Social Living]]'' (1978), which also featured [[Sly Dunbar]] and [[Rico Rodriguez (musician)|Rico Rodriguez]].<ref name="Thompson" /> A dub version of the album, ''Living Dub'' (1979), was mixed by [[Sylvan Morris]].<ref name="Thompson" /> His profile was raised further by an appearance in the film ''[[Rockers (1978 film)|Rockers]]'', performing "Jah no Dead".<ref name="Greene" />


In 1980, Rodney left Island Records and set up the Burning Music Production Company,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.burningspear.net/history |title=Official Website |publisher=Burning Spear |access-date=25 April 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426214840/http://www.burningspear.net/history |archive-date=26 April 2014  }}</ref><ref>conversation with Winston Rodney, Spring 2012</ref> which he signed to [[EMI]],<ref name="Greene" /> debuting on the label with ''[[Hail H.I.M.]]'', recorded at Marley's [[Tuff Gong]] studio and co-produced by [[Aston Barrett]].<ref name="Thompson" /> A Sylvan Morris dub version followed in the form of ''Living Dub Volume Two''.<ref name="Thompson" /> In 1982, Rodney signed with [[Heartbeat Records]] with a series of well-received albums following, including the 1985 [[Grammy Award|Grammy]]-nominated ''Resistance''.<ref name="Thompson" /> He returned to Island in the early 1990s, releasing two albums before rejoining Heartbeat.  This arrangement in which Burning Music Productions delivered completed albums of music to EMI, Island and Heartbeat Records for worldwide distribution lasted for many years. When Heartbeat ceased releasing new material, Burning Music took matters into their own hands and began to release music solely through their own imprint.<ref>confirmation by telephone and email with Sonia and Winston Rodney January 2013.</ref> Albums released by Heartbeat through an agreement with Burning Music include: ''The World Should Know'' (1993), ''Rasta Business'' (1995), ''Appointment with His Majesty'' (1997) and the Grammy award winning ''Calling Rastafari'' (1999) which was the last completed album to be solely pressed by an outside label.{{citation needed|date=February 2019}}
In 1980, Rodney left Island Records and set up the Burning Music Production Company,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.burningspear.net/history |title=Official Website |publisher=Burning Spear |access-date=25 April 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426214840/http://www.burningspear.net/history |archive-date=26 April 2014  }}</ref> which he signed to [[EMI]],<ref name="Greene" /> debuting on the label with ''[[Hail H.I.M.]]'', recorded at Marley's [[Tuff Gong]] studio and co-produced by [[Aston Barrett]].<ref name="Thompson" /><ref name="LarkinReggae"/> A Sylvan Morris dub version followed in the form of ''Living Dub Volume Two''.<ref name="Thompson" /> In 1982, Rodney signed with [[Heartbeat Records]] with a series of well-received albums following, including the 1985 [[Grammy Award|Grammy]]-nominated ''Resistance''.<ref name="Thompson" /> He returned to Island in the early 1990s, releasing two albums before rejoining Heartbeat.  This arrangement in which Burning Music Productions delivered completed albums of music to EMI, Island and Heartbeat Records for worldwide distribution lasted for many years. When Heartbeat ceased releasing new material, Burning Music took matters into their own hands and began to release music solely through their own imprint. Albums released by Heartbeat through an agreement with Burning Music include: ''The World Should Know'' (1993), ''Rasta Business'' (1995), and ''Appointment with His Majesty'' (1997).


Burning Spear spent decades touring extensively, and several live albums have been issued including ''Burning Spear Live'', ''Live in Paris'', ''Live in South Africa'', ''Live in Vermont'', ''Peace and Love Live'', ''Live at Montreux Jazz Festival'' and ''(A)live 1997''.<ref>conversation with Sonia Rodney January 2013. www.burningspear.net</ref> Touring the world time and time again, the band's live sound matured and grew more sophisticated. While remaining firmly rooted in reggae, accents of free jazz, funk and psychedelic music were increasingly in evidence.<ref>Heselgrave, Douglas 'the burning spear experience' January 2007 CD greatest hits liner notes</ref>
Burning Spear spent decades touring extensively, and several live albums have been issued including ''Burning Spear Live'', ''Live in Paris'', ''Live in South Africa'', ''Live in Vermont'', ''Peace and Love Live'', ''Live at Montreux Jazz Festival'' and ''(A)live 1997''. Touring the world time and time again, the band's live sound matured and grew more sophisticated. While remaining firmly rooted in reggae, accents of free jazz, funk and psychedelic music were increasingly in evidence.<ref>Heselgrave, Douglas, ''The Burning Spear Experience'', January 2007, CD greatest hits liner notes</ref>


His 1999 album, ''[[Calling Rastafari]]'' brought his first [[Grammy Award]] in 2000,<ref name="Moskowitz">Moskowitz, David V. (2006) ''Caribbean Popular Music: an Encyclopedia of Reggae, Mento, Ska, Rock Steady, and Dancehall'', Greenwood Press, {{ISBN|0-313-33158-8}}, p. 45-46</ref> a feat which he repeated with ''[[Jah Is Real]]'' in 2009.<ref name="Rodman">Rodman, Sarah (2009) "[http://www.boston.com/ae/music/articles/2009/07/03/roots_reggae_pioneer_keeps_it_8216real8217/ Roots-reggae pioneer keeps it ‘Real’]", ''[[Boston Globe]]'', 3 July 2009. Retrieved 20 September 2009</ref> In 2000 Home to My Roots Tour he performed in Cape Town, South Africa alongside other reggae icon [[Joseph Hill (musician)|Joseph Hill]] with [[Culture (band)]]. In 2002 he and his wife, Sonia Rodney who has produced a number of his albums, restarted Burning Music Records, giving him a greater degree of artistic control.<ref name="Jackson" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.darmik.com/web/free_text.php?id=77|archive-url=https://archive.today/20080602160340/http://www.darmik.com/web/free_text.php?id=77|url-status=dead|title=Darmik|date=2 June 2008|archive-date=2 June 2008|website=Darmik.com|access-date=18 November 2017}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">Brooks, Sadeke (2009) "[http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20090201/ent/ent9.html Grammy Nods Burning Spear optimistic] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090313142630/http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20090201/ent/ent9.html |date=13 March 2009 }}", ''[[Jamaica Gleaner]]'', 1 February 2009. Retrieved 20 September 2009</ref><!-- likely needs a better source per post at BLPN He signed a distribution deal for the label with MRI/Ryko,<ref name="Devenish">Devenish, Colin (2004) "[https://web.archive.org/web/20080807164740/http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/burningspear/articles/story/6085655/burning_spear_a_free_man Burning Spear a Free Man – Rolling Stone via Internet wayback archive]", ''[[Rolling Stone]]'', 2 June 2004. Retrieved 20 September 2009</ref> but according to his blog has been trying to end the contract since 2007.<ref>"[http://www.burningspear.net/blog/ The Burning Spear Blog]", burningspear.net, 5 October 2010. Retrieved 27 March 2011</ref> --> Since the mid-1990s, he has been based in [[Queens]] in New York City.<ref name="Baxter">Baxter, Nicky (1996) "[http://www.metroactive.com/papers/metro/02.15.96/burn-spear-9607.html Reggae Torch Bearer: Burning Spear remembers the days of slavery]", ''[[Metro Silicon Valley|Metroactive]]'', 15–21 February 1996. Retrieved 20 September 2009</ref> Burning Spear was awarded the [[Order of Distinction]] in the rank of Officer on 15 October 2007.<ref>"[http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/lifestyle/html/20071015T230000-0500_128382_OBS_ARTISTES_PRESENTED_WITH_NATIONAL_AWARDS.asp Artistes presented with national awards] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016131400/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/lifestyle/html/20071015T230000-0500_128382_OBS_ARTISTES_PRESENTED_WITH_NATIONAL_AWARDS.asp |date=16 October 2007 }}", ''[[Jamaica Observer]]'', 16 October 2007. Retrieved 20 September 2009</ref> Since establishing their own label, Winston and Sonia Rodney have released nearly forty singles, CDs, DVDs and vinyl albums on the Burning Music imprint. Many of these albums have been deluxe editions of albums previously available on other labels and often include bonus tracks and DVD footage.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.burningspear.net/store |title=Official Website |publisher=Burning Spear |access-date=25 April 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426215057/http://www.burningspear.net/store |archive-date=26 April 2014  }}</ref><ref>conversation with Sonia Rodney November 2012</ref>
His 1999 album, ''[[Calling Rastafari]]'' brought his first [[Grammy Award]] in 2000,<ref name="Moskowitz">Moskowitz, David V. (2006) ''Caribbean Popular Music: an Encyclopedia of Reggae, Mento, Ska, Rock Steady, and Dancehall'', Greenwood Press, {{ISBN|0-313-33158-8}}, pp. 45-46</ref> a feat which he repeated with ''[[Jah Is Real]]'' in 2009.<ref name="Rodman">Rodman, Sarah (2009) "[http://www.boston.com/ae/music/articles/2009/07/03/roots_reggae_pioneer_keeps_it_8216real8217/ Roots-reggae pioneer keeps it ‘Real’]", ''[[Boston Globe]]'', 3 July 2009. Retrieved 20 September 2009</ref> In 2000 Home to My Roots Tour he performed in Cape Town, South Africa, alongside another reggae musician  [[Joseph Hill (musician)|Joseph Hill]] with [[Culture (band)|Culture]]. In 2002 he and his wife, Sonia Rodney who has produced a number of his albums, restarted Burning Music Records, giving him a greater degree of artistic control.<ref name="Jackson" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.darmik.com/web/free_text.php?id=77|archive-url=https://archive.today/20080602160340/http://www.darmik.com/web/free_text.php?id=77|url-status=dead|title=Darmik|date=2 June 2008|archive-date=2 June 2008|website=Darmik.com|access-date=18 November 2017}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">Brooks, Sadeke (2009) "[http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20090201/ent/ent9.html Grammy Nods Burning Spear optimistic] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090313142630/http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20090201/ent/ent9.html |date=13 March 2009 }}", ''[[Jamaica Gleaner]]'', 1 February 2009. Retrieved 20 September 2009</ref><!-- likely needs a better source per post at BLPN He signed a distribution deal for the label with MRI/Ryko,<ref name="Devenish">Devenish, Colin (2004) "[https://web.archive.org/web/20080807164740/http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/burningspear/articles/story/6085655/burning_spear_a_free_man Burning Spear a Free Man – Rolling Stone via Internet wayback archive]", ''[[Rolling Stone]]'', 2 June 2004. Retrieved 20 September 2009</ref> but according to his blog has been trying to end the contract since 2007.<ref>"[http://www.burningspear.net/blog/ The Burning Spear Blog]", ''Burningspear.net'', 5 October 2010. Retrieved 27 March 2011</ref> --> Since the mid-1990s, he has been based in [[Queens]] in New York City.<ref name="Baxter">Baxter, Nicky (1996) "[http://www.metroactive.com/papers/metro/02.15.96/burn-spear-9607.html Reggae Torch Bearer: Burning Spear remembers the days of slavery]", ''[[Metro Silicon Valley|Metroactive]]'', 15–21 February 1996. Retrieved 20 September 2009</ref> Burning Spear was awarded the [[Order of Distinction]] in the rank of Officer on 15 October 2007.<ref>"[http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/lifestyle/html/20071015T230000-0500_128382_OBS_ARTISTES_PRESENTED_WITH_NATIONAL_AWARDS.asp Artistes presented with national awards] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016131400/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/lifestyle/html/20071015T230000-0500_128382_OBS_ARTISTES_PRESENTED_WITH_NATIONAL_AWARDS.asp |date=16 October 2007 }}", ''[[Jamaica Observer]]'', 16 October 2007. Retrieved 20 September 2009</ref> Since establishing their own label, Winston and Sonia Rodney have released nearly 40 singles, CDs, DVDs and vinyl albums on the Burning Music imprint. Many of these albums have been deluxe editions of albums previously available on other labels and often include bonus tracks and DVD footage.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.burningspear.net/store |title=Official Website |publisher=Burning Spear |access-date=25 April 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426215057/http://www.burningspear.net/store |archive-date=26 April 2014  }}</ref>


In 2016 Rodney announced his retirement, but in 2022 it was announced that he would perform at the [[Rototom Sunsplash]] festival in Spain, and on the 'Welcome to Jamrock' cruise in December.<ref>Campbell, Howard (2022) "[https://www.jamaicaobserver.com/entertainment/fire-still-burns-in-spear_247267?profile=1116 Fire still burns in Spear]", ''[[Jamaica Observer]]'', 28 March 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2022</ref>
In 2016 Rodney announced his retirement, but in 2022 it was announced that he would perform at the [[Rototom Sunsplash]] festival in Spain, and on the 'Welcome to Jamrock' cruise in December.<ref>Campbell, Howard (2022) "[https://www.jamaicaobserver.com/entertainment/fire-still-burns-in-spear_247267?profile=1116 Fire still burns in Spear]", ''[[Jamaica Observer]]'', 28 March 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2022</ref>


Rodney announced three shows in California in July 2022: San Francisco on 22 July, San Diego on 23 July and Los Angeles on 24 July. He also announced a show at the Levitt Pavilion, Denver, Colorado on 30 July 2022. These shows were followed by two dates in the UK, at Forum Birmingham on 13 August and the O2 Academy, Brixton, London on 14 August. On 14 August 2023 he performed a highly acclaimed, packed-out show in the [[:he:%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99 (%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9F)|Barby Club]] live music venue in [[Tel Aviv]], [[Israel]] and on 15 August 2023 in [[Megiddo, Israel]] where he appeared together with [[Ehud Banai]].
Rodney announced three shows in California in July 2022: San Francisco on 22 July, San Diego on 23 July and Los Angeles on 24 July. He also announced a show at the Levitt Pavilion, Denver, Colorado on 30 July 2022. These shows were followed by dates at Forum Birmingham on 13 August and the O2 Academy, Brixton, London on 14 August. On 14 August 2023 he performed a show in the [[:he:%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99 (%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9F)|Barby Club]] live music venue in [[Tel Aviv]], [[Israel]] and on 15 August 2023 in [[Megiddo, Israel]] where he appeared together with [[Ehud Banai]].


==Discography==
==Discography==

Latest revision as of 19:35, 31 October 2025

Template:Short description Script error: No such module "For". Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use Jamaican English Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherTemplate:Main otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Main other

Winston Rodney OD (born 1 March 1945), better known by the stage name Burning Spear, is a Jamaican roots reggae singer-songwriter, vocalist, and musician. Burning Spear is a Rastafarian and one of the most influential and long-standing roots artists to emerge from the 1970s.[1][2]

Early life

Winston Rodney was born in Saint Ann's Bay, Saint Ann, Jamaica.[3] He is married to Sonia Rodney. As a young man he listened to the R&B, soul and jazz music transmitted by the US radio stations whose broadcasts reached Jamaica. Curtis Mayfield is cited by Rodney as a major US musical influence along with James Brown.[4] Rodney was deeply influenced as a young man by the views of the political activist Marcus Garvey, especially with regard to the exploration of the themes of Pan-Africanism and self-determination.[4] In 1969, Bob Marley, who was also from Saint Ann, advised Rodney to approach Coxsone Dodd's Studio One label after Rodney sought his advice during a casual conversation.[5][6][7]

Career

Burning Spear was originally Rodney's group, named after a military award given by Jomo Kenyatta, the first President of an independent Kenya,[8] and included bass singer Rupert Willington. The duo auditioned for Dodd in 1969 which led to the release of their debut single "Door Peep" (the session also included Cedric Brooks on saxophone).[5][9] They were then joined by tenor Delroy Hinds. The trio recorded several more singles for Dodd, and two albums, before they moved on to work with Jack Ruby in 1975.[5] Their first recording with Ruby, "Marcus Garvey", was intended as an exclusive track for Ruby's Ocho Rios–based Hi-Power sound system, but was released as a single, giving them an immediate hit, and was followed by "Slavery Days".[5] These recordings featured the backing band The Black Disciples, which included Earl "Chinna" Smith, Valentine Chin, Robbie Shakespeare and Leroy Wallace.[5] The group worked with Ruby on their third album, Marcus Garvey (1975), which was immediately successful and led to a deal with Island Records to give the album a wider release.[5] Island remixed and altered the speed of some of the tracks, much to the annoyance of fans and the group,[10] leading Rodney to set up his own Burning Music label for future releases where he would have full control, although further releases followed on Island including Garvey's Ghost, a dub version of the Marcus Garvey album, and Man in the Hills.[5] In late 1976, Rodney split from both Ruby and group members Willington and Hinds, and from that point on used the name Burning Spear for himself alone. Dry and Heavy followed in 1977, self-produced but still on Island, and with a sizeable following by now in the United Kingdom,[10] he performed in London that year with members of Aswad acting as his backing band for a sold-out show at the Rainbow Theatre, which was recorded and released as the album Live!.[5] Aswad also provided backing on his next studio album, Social Living (1978), which also featured Sly Dunbar and Rico Rodriguez.[5] A dub version of the album, Living Dub (1979), was mixed by Sylvan Morris.[5] His profile was raised further by an appearance in the film Rockers, performing "Jah no Dead".[10]

In 1980, Rodney left Island Records and set up the Burning Music Production Company,[11] which he signed to EMI,[10] debuting on the label with Hail H.I.M., recorded at Marley's Tuff Gong studio and co-produced by Aston Barrett.[5][3] A Sylvan Morris dub version followed in the form of Living Dub Volume Two.[5] In 1982, Rodney signed with Heartbeat Records with a series of well-received albums following, including the 1985 Grammy-nominated Resistance.[5] He returned to Island in the early 1990s, releasing two albums before rejoining Heartbeat. This arrangement in which Burning Music Productions delivered completed albums of music to EMI, Island and Heartbeat Records for worldwide distribution lasted for many years. When Heartbeat ceased releasing new material, Burning Music took matters into their own hands and began to release music solely through their own imprint. Albums released by Heartbeat through an agreement with Burning Music include: The World Should Know (1993), Rasta Business (1995), and Appointment with His Majesty (1997).

Burning Spear spent decades touring extensively, and several live albums have been issued including Burning Spear Live, Live in Paris, Live in South Africa, Live in Vermont, Peace and Love Live, Live at Montreux Jazz Festival and (A)live 1997. Touring the world time and time again, the band's live sound matured and grew more sophisticated. While remaining firmly rooted in reggae, accents of free jazz, funk and psychedelic music were increasingly in evidence.[12]

His 1999 album, Calling Rastafari brought his first Grammy Award in 2000,[8] a feat which he repeated with Jah Is Real in 2009.[13] In 2000 Home to My Roots Tour he performed in Cape Town, South Africa, alongside another reggae musician Joseph Hill with Culture. In 2002 he and his wife, Sonia Rodney who has produced a number of his albums, restarted Burning Music Records, giving him a greater degree of artistic control.[6][14][15] Since the mid-1990s, he has been based in Queens in New York City.[16] Burning Spear was awarded the Order of Distinction in the rank of Officer on 15 October 2007.[17] Since establishing their own label, Winston and Sonia Rodney have released nearly 40 singles, CDs, DVDs and vinyl albums on the Burning Music imprint. Many of these albums have been deluxe editions of albums previously available on other labels and often include bonus tracks and DVD footage.[18]

In 2016 Rodney announced his retirement, but in 2022 it was announced that he would perform at the Rototom Sunsplash festival in Spain, and on the 'Welcome to Jamrock' cruise in December.[19]

Rodney announced three shows in California in July 2022: San Francisco on 22 July, San Diego on 23 July and Los Angeles on 24 July. He also announced a show at the Levitt Pavilion, Denver, Colorado on 30 July 2022. These shows were followed by dates at Forum Birmingham on 13 August and the O2 Academy, Brixton, London on 14 August. On 14 August 2023 he performed a show in the Barby Club live music venue in Tel Aviv, Israel and on 15 August 2023 in Megiddo, Israel where he appeared together with Ehud Banai.

Discography

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Awards

File:Burning Spear Live.jpg
Burning Spear in 2013

Burning Spear has won two Grammy Awards for Best Reggae Album; one at the 42nd Grammy Awards in 2000 for Calling Rastafari, and one for 2009's Jah Is Real. He has been nominated for a total of 12 Grammy Awards.[15][20]

Nominations for Grammy Award for Best Reggae Album:[21]

References

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External links

Template:Burning Spear Template:Pan-Africanism Template:Authority control

  1. ↑ Larkin, Colin (2002) The Virgin Encyclopedia of 70s Music, Virgin Books, Template:ISBN, p. 57
  2. ↑ Some sources state 1948 (e.g. Thompson)
  3. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ a b 'Our Music': New Reggae from Burning Spear by Christopher Johnson NPR Radio Show transcription 19 October 2005. Retrieved 27 April 2013
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Thompson, Dave: Reggae & Caribbean Music, 2002, Backbeat Books, Template:ISBN, pp. 51-54
  6. ↑ a b Jackson, Kevin (2004) "Audience appreciation gives Burning Spear the drive to continue", Jamaica Observer, 23 July 2004.
  7. ↑ Barrow, Steve & Dalton, Peter (2004) The Rough Guide to Reggae, 3rd edn., Rough Guides, Template:ISBN, p. 95
  8. ↑ a b Moskowitz, David V. (2006) Caribbean Popular Music: an Encyclopedia of Reggae, Mento, Ska, Rock Steady, and Dancehall, Greenwood Press, Template:ISBN, pp. 45-46
  9. ↑ Cedric Brooks – Jamaica Gleaner "Saxophonist Cedric Brooks recovering but critical" Published 11 March 2010. Reporter: Howard Campbell. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  10. ↑ a b c d Greene, Jo-Ann "[[[:Template:Allmusic]] Burning Spear Biography]", AllMusic
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Heselgrave, Douglas, The Burning Spear Experience, January 2007, CD greatest hits liner notes
  13. ↑ Rodman, Sarah (2009) "Roots-reggae pioneer keeps it ‘Real’", Boston Globe, 3 July 2009. Retrieved 20 September 2009
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ a b Brooks, Sadeke (2009) "Grammy Nods Burning Spear optimistic Template:Webarchive", Jamaica Gleaner, 1 February 2009. Retrieved 20 September 2009
  16. ↑ Baxter, Nicky (1996) "Reggae Torch Bearer: Burning Spear remembers the days of slavery", Metroactive, 15–21 February 1996. Retrieved 20 September 2009
  17. ↑ "Artistes presented with national awards Template:Webarchive", Jamaica Observer, 16 October 2007. Retrieved 20 September 2009
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Campbell, Howard (2022) "Fire still burns in Spear", Jamaica Observer, 28 March 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2022
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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