Drogheda: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
imported>Iveagh Gardens
m Hinterland: typography
 
imported>Canterbury Tail
Not the website of the town
 
(2 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 5: Line 5:
| settlement_type    = [[List of towns and villages in the Republic of Ireland|Town]]
| settlement_type    = [[List of towns and villages in the Republic of Ireland|Town]]
| name              = Drogheda
| name              = Drogheda
| native_name        = {{lang|ga|Droichead Átha}}
| native_name        = {{nativename|ga|Droichead Átha}}
| image_skyline      = DroghedaLouthMeath.jpg
| image_skyline      = DroghedaLouthMeath.jpg
| image_caption      = Clockwise from top: Drogheda viewed from the south; [[Millmount Fort]]; West Street, Drogheda
| image_caption      = Clockwise from top: Drogheda viewed from the south; [[Millmount Fort]]; West Street, Drogheda
Line 11: Line 11:
| flag_size          = 125px
| flag_size          = 125px
| image_shield      = Arms of Drogheda.svg
| image_shield      = Arms of Drogheda.svg
| motto             = "God Our Strength, Merchandise Our Glory."
| motto = {{force singular}} "God Our Strength, Merchandise Our Glory."
| mapsize            = 230px
| mapsize            = 230px
| map_caption        = Location of Drogheda in Ireland
| map_caption        = Location of Drogheda in Ireland
Line 53: Line 53:
| elevation_min_m    = 1
| elevation_min_m    = 1
| elevation_max_m    = 27
| elevation_max_m    = 27
| website            = {{Official URL}}
| website            =  
| area_code_type    = [[Telephone numbers in the Republic of Ireland|Telephone area code]]
| area_code_type    = [[Telephone numbers in the Republic of Ireland|Telephone area code]]
| area_code          = +353(0)41
| area_code          = +353(0)41
Line 65: Line 65:
[[File:Map of Drogheda.png|thumb|Map of Drogheda]]
[[File:Map of Drogheda.png|thumb|Map of Drogheda]]


'''Drogheda''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|d|r|ɒ|h|ə|d|ə|,_|ˈ|d|r|ɔː|d|ə}} {{respell|DRO|həd|ə}}, {{respell|DRAW|də}}; {{Irish place name|Droichead Átha}} {{IPA|ga|ˈd̪ˠɾˠɛhəd̪ˠ ˈaːhə|}}, meaning "bridge at the ford") is an industrial and port town in County Louth on the east coast of Ireland, {{cvt|43|km}} north of [[Dublin]]. It is located on the [[Dublin–Belfast corridor]] on the east coast of Ireland, mostly in [[County Louth]] but with the south fringes of the town in [[County Meath]], {{cvt|40|km}} north of Dublin city centre. Drogheda had a population of 44,135 inhabitants in 2022, making it the [[List of settlements on the island of Ireland by population|eleventh largest settlement]] by population in all of [[Ireland]], and the largest [[town]] in Ireland,{{efn|[[Tallaght]], which also does not have [[City status in Ireland|city status]], has about 20,000 more inhabitants than Drogheda although whether or not it can be considered a town is up for debate.}} by both population and area.<ref name="tableF1015census2022"/> It is the second largest in County Louth with 35,990 and sixth largest in County Meath with 8,145. It is the last bridging point on the [[River Boyne]] before it enters the [[Irish Sea]]. The [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] of [[Newgrange]] is located {{cvt|8|km}} west of the town.
'''Drogheda''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|d|r|ɒ|h|ə|d|ə|,_|ˈ|d|r|ɔː|d|ə}} {{respell|DRO|həd|ə}}, {{respell|DRAW|də}}; {{Irish place name|Droichead Átha}} {{IPA|ga|ˈd̪ˠɾˠɛhəd̪ˠ ˈaːhə||audio=Droichead_Átha.ogg}}, meaning "bridge at the ford") is an industrial and port town in County Louth on the east coast of Ireland, {{cvt|43|km}} north of [[Dublin]]. It is located on the [[Dublin–Belfast corridor]] on the east coast of Ireland, mostly in [[County Louth]] but with the south fringes of the town in [[County Meath]], {{cvt|40|km}} north of Dublin city centre. Drogheda had a population of 44,135 inhabitants in 2022, making it the [[List of settlements on the island of Ireland by population|eleventh largest settlement]] by population in all of [[Ireland]], and the largest [[town]] in the [[Republic of Ireland]],{{efn|[[Tallaght]], which also does not have [[City status in Ireland|city status]], has about 20,000 more inhabitants than Drogheda although whether or not it can be considered a town is up for debate.}} by both population and area.<ref name="tableF1015census2022"/> It is the second largest in County Louth with 35,990 and sixth largest in County Meath with 8,145. It is the last bridging point on the [[River Boyne]] before it enters the [[Irish Sea]]. The [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] of [[Newgrange]] is located {{cvt|8|km}} west of the town.


==Area==
==Area==
Line 136: Line 136:


===Town arms===
===Town arms===
Drogheda's coat of arms features [[Laurence's Gate|St. Laurence's Gate]] with three lions, and a ship emerging from either side of the [[barbican]]. The town's motto {{lang|la|Deus praesidium, mercatura decus}} translates as "God our strength, merchandise our glory".
Drogheda's coat of arms features [[Laurence's Gate|St. Laurence's Gate]] with three lions, and a ship emerging from either side of the [[barbican]]. It is [[blazoned]] as ''[[Azure (heraldry)|Azure]] [[per pale]] [[dimidiated]], on the dexter side three lions [[passant guardant]] [[in pale]] [[or (heraldry)|or]], on the sinister as many hulls of ships in pale of the last, surmounted by a castle with two towers triple-towered [[argent]]''.<ref>''The Book of Public Arms: A Cyclopædia of the Armorial Bearings, Heraldic Devices, and Seals, as Authorized and as Used, of the Counties, Cities, Towns, and Universities of the United Kingdom''. Derived from the Official Records. (1894:3). United Kingdom: T.C. & E.C. Jack.</ref> The town's motto {{lang|la|Deus praesidium, mercatura decus}} translates as "God our strength, merchandise our glory".


The [[star and crescent]] emblem in the crest of the coat of arms is mentioned as part of the mayor's seal by [[John D'Alton|D'Alton]] (1844).<ref>John D'Alton, The History of Drogheda: With Its Environs, and an Introductory Memoir of the Dublin and Drogheda Railway (1844), [https://archive.org/details/historydrogheda00dalgoog/page/n308 p. 138].</ref> In 2010, Irish president [[Mary McAleese]], in a speech delivered during an official visit to [[Turkey]], stated that the star and crescent had been added in the aftermath of the [[Great Famine (Ireland)|Great Famine]] as gratitude for food supplies donated by the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] Sultan [[Abdülmecid I]], which had arrived at Drogheda by ship. Irish press quickly pointed out the story was a myth, with a local historian calling it 'nothing short of sheer nonsense'.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Comyn |first=Alison |date=March 31, 2010 |title=PRESIDENT SPARKS STAR AND CRESCENT DEBATE |url=https://www.independent.ie/regionals/droghedaindependent/news/president-sparks-star-and-crescent-debate-27144260.html |website=[[Irish Independent]] |access-date=21 October 2018 |archive-date=21 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021112933/https://www.independent.ie/regionals/droghedaindependent/news/president-sparks-star-and-crescent-debate-27144260.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Arms">{{cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2010/0325/1224267012277.html |title=President tells Turks an anecdote of myth not fact |last=Murray |first=Ken |date=25 March 2010 |newspaper=The Irish Times |access-date=25 March 2010 |archive-date=20 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020142250/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2010/0325/1224267012277.html |url-status=live}} "Liam Reilly, an administrator with the Old Drogheda Society based in the town's Millmount Museum, said last night the comments were incorrect. 'There are no records with the Drogheda Port Authority of this ever happening. Drogheda historians can trace the star and crescent back to 1210 when the British governor of Ireland, King John Lackland, granted the town its first charter,' he said"{{unreliable source?|date=December 2016}}
The [[star and crescent]] emblem in the crest of the coat of arms is mentioned as part of the mayor's seal by [[John D'Alton|D'Alton]] (1844).<ref>John D'Alton, The History of Drogheda: With Its Environs, and an Introductory Memoir of the Dublin and Drogheda Railway (1844), [https://archive.org/details/historydrogheda00dalgoog/page/n308 p. 138].</ref> In 2010, Irish president [[Mary McAleese]], in a speech delivered during an official visit to [[Turkey]], stated that the star and crescent had been added in the aftermath of the [[Great Famine (Ireland)|Great Famine]] as gratitude for food supplies donated by the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] Sultan [[Abdülmecid I]], which had arrived at Drogheda by ship. Irish press quickly pointed out the story was a myth, with a local historian calling it 'nothing short of sheer nonsense,' and the star and crescent dating back to [[John of England|King John]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Comyn |first=Alison |date=March 31, 2010 |title=PRESIDENT SPARKS STAR AND CRESCENT DEBATE |url=https://www.independent.ie/regionals/droghedaindependent/news/president-sparks-star-and-crescent-debate-27144260.html |website=[[Irish Independent]] |access-date=21 October 2018 |archive-date=21 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021112933/https://www.independent.ie/regionals/droghedaindependent/news/president-sparks-star-and-crescent-debate-27144260.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Arms">{{cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2010/0325/1224267012277.html |title=President tells Turks an anecdote of myth not fact |last=Murray |first=Ken |date=25 March 2010 |newspaper=The Irish Times |access-date=25 March 2010 |archive-date=20 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020142250/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2010/0325/1224267012277.html |url-status=live}} "Liam Reilly, an administrator with the Old Drogheda Society based in the town's Millmount Museum, said last night the comments were incorrect. 'There are no records with the Drogheda Port Authority of this ever happening. Drogheda historians can trace the star and crescent back to 1210 when the British governor of Ireland, King John Lackland, granted the town its first charter,' he said"{{unreliable source?|date=December 2016}}


{{Cite web |title=Ottoman aid to the Irish to hit the big screen |url=http://www.todayszaman.com/news-269871-ottoman-aid-to-the-irish-to-hit-the-big-screen.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006144345/http://www.todayszaman.com/news-269871-ottoman-aid-to-the-irish-to-hit-the-big-screen.html |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=20 November 2014 |website=TodaysZaman}}{{cite web |url=http://www.irishcentral.com/news/New-evidence-shows-Turkey-delivered-food--to-Ireland-during-the-famine-156681255.html |title=New evidence shows Turkey delivered food to Ireland during the famine |work=IrishCentral.com |date=2 June 2012 |access-date=20 November 2014 |archive-date=17 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017112248/http://www.irishcentral.com/news/New-evidence-shows-Turkey-delivered-food--to-Ireland-during-the-famine-156681255.html |url-status=live}}</ref><!-- In addition, a letter found in Ottoman archives, written by Irish notables, explicitly thanks [[Sultan]] [[Abdülmecid I]] for his help.{{cn}}--> However, later evidence, including a letter displayed at the office of the European Commission, confirms that Turkey came to the aid of the Irish during the 1845–1852 famine.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Murray |first=Ken |date=June 1, 2010 |title=Role of Turkey during Famine clarified |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/role-of-turkey-during-famine-clarified-1.672383 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |access-date=10 April 2019 |archive-date=12 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112035418/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/role-of-turkey-during-famine-clarified-1.672383 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/article/153809 |title=Ireland remembers how 19th century aid from Ottoman sultan changed fate of thousands &#124; Daily Sabah |date=16 February 2020 |website=Ireland remembers how 19th century aid from Ottoman sultan changed fate of thousands |access-date=7 September 2020 |archive-date=1 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701121310/https://www.dailysabah.com/history/2020/02/16/ireland-remembers-how-19th-century-aid-from-ottoman-sultan-changed-fate-of-thousands |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{Cite web |title=Ottoman aid to the Irish to hit the big screen |url=http://www.todayszaman.com/news-269871-ottoman-aid-to-the-irish-to-hit-the-big-screen.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006144345/http://www.todayszaman.com/news-269871-ottoman-aid-to-the-irish-to-hit-the-big-screen.html |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=20 November 2014 |website=TodaysZaman}}{{cite web |url=http://www.irishcentral.com/news/New-evidence-shows-Turkey-delivered-food--to-Ireland-during-the-famine-156681255.html |title=New evidence shows Turkey delivered food to Ireland during the famine |work=IrishCentral.com |date=2 June 2012 |access-date=20 November 2014 |archive-date=17 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017112248/http://www.irishcentral.com/news/New-evidence-shows-Turkey-delivered-food--to-Ireland-during-the-famine-156681255.html |url-status=live}}</ref><!-- In addition, a letter found in Ottoman archives, written by Irish notables, explicitly thanks [[Sultan]] [[Abdülmecid I]] for his help.{{cn}}--> Later evidence, including a letter displayed at the office of the European Commission, showed that the Sultan did send aid during the 1845–1852 famine.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Murray |first=Ken |date=June 1, 2010 |title=Role of Turkey during Famine clarified |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/role-of-turkey-during-famine-clarified-1.672383 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |access-date=10 April 2019 |archive-date=12 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112035418/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/role-of-turkey-during-famine-clarified-1.672383 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/article/153809 |title=Ireland remembers how 19th century aid from Ottoman sultan changed fate of thousands &#124; Daily Sabah |date=16 February 2020 |website=Ireland remembers how 19th century aid from Ottoman sultan changed fate of thousands |access-date=7 September 2020 |archive-date=1 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701121310/https://www.dailysabah.com/history/2020/02/16/ireland-remembers-how-19th-century-aid-from-ottoman-sultan-changed-fate-of-thousands |url-status=live }}</ref>


===20th century===
===20th century===
Line 215: Line 215:
Drogheda acquired rail links to [[Dublin]] in 1844, [[Navan]] in 1850 and [[Belfast]] in 1852. Passenger services between Drogheda and [[Navan]] were ended in 1958, however the line remains open for freight (Tara Mines/Platin Cement) traffic. In 1966 Drogheda station was renamed "MacBride". [[Drogheda railway station]] opened on 26 May 1844.<ref>{{cite book| first=R.V.J.| last=Butt| title=The Directory of Railway Stations| publisher=Patrick Stephens Ltd| year=1995| isbn=1-85260-508-1|pages =82}}</ref>
Drogheda acquired rail links to [[Dublin]] in 1844, [[Navan]] in 1850 and [[Belfast]] in 1852. Passenger services between Drogheda and [[Navan]] were ended in 1958, however the line remains open for freight (Tara Mines/Platin Cement) traffic. In 1966 Drogheda station was renamed "MacBride". [[Drogheda railway station]] opened on 26 May 1844.<ref>{{cite book| first=R.V.J.| last=Butt| title=The Directory of Railway Stations| publisher=Patrick Stephens Ltd| year=1995| isbn=1-85260-508-1|pages =82}}</ref>


The station has direct trains on the [[Enterprise (train service)|Enterprise]] northbound to [[Dundalk railway station|Dundalk]], {{stnlnk|Newry}}, {{stnlnk|Portadown}} and [[Belfast Grand Central station|Belfast Grand Central]], and southbound to [[Dublin Connolly]]. 1 Train a day to Belfast skips Drogheda
The station has direct trains on the [[Enterprise (train service)|Enterprise]] northbound to [[Dundalk railway station|Dundalk]], {{stnlnk|Newry}}, {{stnlnk|Portadown}} and [[Belfast Grand Central station|Belfast Grand Central]], and southbound to [[Dublin Connolly]]. 1 Train a day to Belfast skips Drogheda.


A wide variety of [[Iarnród Éireann]] commuter services connect southbound to {{stnlnk|Balbriggan}}, {{stnlnk|Malahide}}, {{stnlnk|Howth Junction}}, [[Dublin Connolly]], {{stnlnk|Tara Street}}, [[Dublin Pearse railway station|Dublin Pearse]], [[Dún Laoghaire railway station|Dún Laoghaire]], {{stnlnk|Bray}}, {{stnlnk|Greystones}}, {{stnlnk|Wicklow}}, and [[Wexford]]. The [[Dublin Area Rapid Transit|DART]] is planned to be extended to Drogheda in the late 2020s or 30s as part of the [[Dublin Area Rapid Transit#DART+|DART+]] program.
A wide variety of [[Iarnród Éireann]] commuter services connect southbound to {{stnlnk|Balbriggan}}, {{stnlnk|Malahide}}, {{stnlnk|Howth Junction}}, [[Dublin Connolly]], {{stnlnk|Tara Street}}, [[Dublin Pearse railway station|Dublin Pearse]], [[Dún Laoghaire railway station|Dún Laoghaire]], {{stnlnk|Bray}}, {{stnlnk|Greystones}}, {{stnlnk|Wicklow}}, and [[Wexford]]. The [[Dublin Area Rapid Transit|DART]] is planned to be extended to Drogheda in the late 2020s or 30s as part of the [[Dublin Area Rapid Transit#DART+|DART+]] program.


===Bus transport===
===Bus transport===
Drogheda's bus station is located on Donore Road. Past [[Bus Éireann]] routes included the 184 to [[Garristown]] and 185 to [[Bellewstown]]. Currently there are buses to [[Monaghan]] and [[Dublin]]
Drogheda's bus station is located on Donore Road. Past [[Bus Éireann]] routes included the 184 to [[Garristown]] and 185 to [[Bellewstown]]. Currently there are buses to [[Monaghan]] and [[Dublin]].


==Administration==
==Administration==
Line 243: Line 243:
==Education==
==Education==
There are seven secondary schools situated in Drogheda. St. Joseph's secondary school in Newfoundwell is an all-boys school, as is St. Marys Diocesan School on Beamore Rd. The Sacred Heart School,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sacred Heart Secondary School – Principal's Welcome |url=http://www.sacredheart.ie |access-date=17 June 2017 |website=www.sacredheart.ie |archive-date=26 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626104017/http://sacredheart.ie/ |url-status=live}}</ref> situated in Sunnyside Drogheda, is an all-girls school. The Drogheda Grammar school, located on Mornington Road, [[St Oliver’s Community College, Drogheda|St. Oliver's Community College]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home Page |url=http://www.socc.ie |access-date=17 June 2017 |website=www.socc.ie |archive-date=18 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170618112855/http://socc.ie/ |url-status=live}}</ref> on Rathmullen Road, and Ballymakenny College, on the Ballymakenny Road, are [[Mixed-sex education|mixed]] schools. Our Lady's College,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.ourladys.ie/index.php/en/ |access-date=17 June 2017 |website=www.ourladys.ie |archive-date=26 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626031211/http://www.ourladys.ie/index.php/en |url-status=live}}</ref> in Greenhills is an all-girls school. There is also Drogheda Institute for Further Education (DIFE), a third-level college situated in [[Moneymore, Drogheda|Moneymore]] townland.
There are seven secondary schools situated in Drogheda. St. Joseph's secondary school in Newfoundwell is an all-boys school, as is St. Marys Diocesan School on Beamore Rd. The Sacred Heart School,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sacred Heart Secondary School – Principal's Welcome |url=http://www.sacredheart.ie |access-date=17 June 2017 |website=www.sacredheart.ie |archive-date=26 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626104017/http://sacredheart.ie/ |url-status=live}}</ref> situated in Sunnyside Drogheda, is an all-girls school. The Drogheda Grammar school, located on Mornington Road, [[St Oliver’s Community College, Drogheda|St. Oliver's Community College]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home Page |url=http://www.socc.ie |access-date=17 June 2017 |website=www.socc.ie |archive-date=18 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170618112855/http://socc.ie/ |url-status=live}}</ref> on Rathmullen Road, and Ballymakenny College, on the Ballymakenny Road, are [[Mixed-sex education|mixed]] schools. Our Lady's College,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.ourladys.ie/index.php/en/ |access-date=17 June 2017 |website=www.ourladys.ie |archive-date=26 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626031211/http://www.ourladys.ie/index.php/en |url-status=live}}</ref> in Greenhills is an all-girls school. There is also Drogheda Institute for Further Education (DIFE), a third-level college situated in [[Moneymore, Drogheda|Moneymore]] townland.
==Climate==
Drogheda has an [[oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Cfb'').
{{Weather box
| width = auto
| location = Drogheda
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| Jan mean C = 6.1
| Feb mean C = 6.3
| Mar mean C = 7.2
| Apr mean C = 9.0
| May mean C = 11.8
| Jun mean C = 14.5
| Jul mean C = 15.9
| Aug mean C = 15.7
| Sep mean C = 14.0
| Oct mean C = 11.4
| Nov mean C = 8.4
| Dec mean C = 6.6
| year mean C =
| Jan high C = 8.1
| Feb high C = 8.6
| Mar high C = 9.9
| Apr high C = 12.0
| May high C = 14.9
| Jun high C = 17.5
| Jul high C = 18.9
| Aug high C = 18.6
| Sep high C = 16.9
| Oct high C = 13.8
| Nov high C = 10.5
| Dec high C = 8.6
| year high C =
| Jan low C = 4.0
| Feb low C = 4.0
| Mar low C = 4.5
| Apr low C = 6.0
| May low C = 8.6
| Jun low C = 11.3
| Jul low C = 13.0
| Aug low C = 12.9
| Sep low C = 11.3
| Oct low C = 9.0
| Nov low C = 6.2
| Dec low C = 4.6
| year low C =
| Jan precipitation mm = 62.3
| Feb precipitation mm = 54.2
| Mar precipitation mm = 55.6
| Apr precipitation mm = 53.6
| May precipitation mm = 65.4
| Jun precipitation mm = 68.1
| Jul precipitation mm = 73.3
| Aug precipitation mm = 77.1
| Sep precipitation mm = 68.2
| Oct precipitation mm = 83.8
| Nov precipitation mm = 80.9
| Dec precipitation mm = 74.4
| year precipitation mm =
| source 1 = Weather.Directory<ref name="Weather.Directory">
{{cite web|url=https://weather.directory/ie/drogheda
|title= Drogheda Weather & Climate Guide
|access-date= 26 Jul 2025
|website= Weather.Directory}}</ref>
}}


==Sport==
==Sport==
Line 255: Line 323:


==Notable people==
==Notable people==
{{more citations needed|section|date=February 2020}}
{{more citations needed section|date=February 2020}}


===Arts and media===
===Arts and media===
*[[Yasmine Akram]], comedian and actress in [[Sherlock (TV series)|Sherlock]]
*[[Yasmine Akram]], comedian and actress in [[Sherlock (TV series)|Sherlock]]
*[[Pierce Brosnan]], actor, film producer and environmentalist was born in Drogheda<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-11-02 |title=The Official Pierce Brosnan site |url=http://www.piercebrosnan.com/menu.php?mm=5&sm=2&pn=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102180843/http://www.piercebrosnan.com/menu.php?mm=5&sm=2&pn=1 |archive-date=2013-11-02 |access-date=2022-03-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanwari |first=Ahad |date=2023-09-12 |title=Pierce Brosnan - Biography |url=https://www.hellomagazine.com/profiles/20091008219/pierce-brosnan/ |url-status=live |access-date=2025-05-17 |website=Hello! |language=en-GB}}</ref>
*[[Pierce Brosnan]], actor, film producer and environmentalist was born in Drogheda<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-11-02 |title=The Official Pierce Brosnan site |url=http://www.piercebrosnan.com/menu.php?mm=5&sm=2&pn=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102180843/http://www.piercebrosnan.com/menu.php?mm=5&sm=2&pn=1 |archive-date=2013-11-02 |access-date=2022-03-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanwari |first=Ahad |date=2023-09-12 |title=Pierce Brosnan - Biography |url=https://www.hellomagazine.com/profiles/20091008219/pierce-brosnan/ |access-date=2025-05-17 |website=Hello! |language=en-GB}}</ref>
*[[Eamonn Campbell]], member of [[The Dubliners]]
*[[Eamonn Campbell]], member of [[The Dubliners]]
*[[Alison Comyn]], journalist and broadcaster  
*[[Alison Comyn]], journalist and broadcaster  
Line 273: Line 341:
*[[Deirdre O'Kane]], actress and casting director
*[[Deirdre O'Kane]], actress and casting director
*[[Eliza O'Neill]], actress.
*[[Eliza O'Neill]], actress.
*[[Paddy McCabe]], singer.
*[[John Boyle O'Reilly]], poet and novelist, member of the [[Irish Republican Brotherhood]]
*[[John Boyle O'Reilly]], poet and novelist, member of the [[Irish Republican Brotherhood]]
*[[Nano Reid]], painter of landscapes, particularly Drogheda, the Boyne Valley and surrounding areas
*[[Nano Reid]], painter of landscapes, particularly Drogheda, the Boyne Valley and surrounding areas
Line 279: Line 348:
===Politics and diplomacy===
===Politics and diplomacy===
*[[Éamonn Ceannt]] 1916 Rising Leader – secondary school student in St Joseph CBS Drogheda
*[[Éamonn Ceannt]] 1916 Rising Leader – secondary school student in St Joseph CBS Drogheda
*[[Damien English]], Minister of State at the [[Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment]] and TD for [[Meath West (Dáil constituency)|Meath West]]
*[[Damien English]], Minister of State at the [[Department of Enterprise, Tourism and Employment|Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment]] and TD for [[Meath West (Dáil constituency)|Meath West]]
*[[William Hughes (senator)|William Hughes]], Irish-born US senator from New Jersey
*[[William Hughes (senator)|William Hughes]], Irish-born US senator from New Jersey
*[[Alison Kelly (diplomat)|Alison Kelly]], Irish ambassador to Israel
*[[Alison Kelly (diplomat)|Alison Kelly]], Irish ambassador to Israel
Line 324: Line 393:
*[[Daryl DeLeon]], Filipino-British racing driver
*[[Daryl DeLeon]], Filipino-British racing driver
*[[Mick Fairclough]], Former Irish International (English Premier League of that era)
*[[Mick Fairclough]], Former Irish International (English Premier League of that era)
*[[Evan Ferguson]], professional footballer for [[Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.]] in the [[Premier League]]
*[[Evan Ferguson]], professional footballer for [[A.S. Roma]] in the [[Seria A]]
*[[Bernard Flynn]], member of the Meath football team during the 1980s and 1990s
*[[Bernard Flynn]], member of the Meath football team during the 1980s and 1990s
*[[Paddy Gavin]], former full-back for [[Dundalk F.C.|Dundalk]], [[Doncaster Rovers F.C.|Doncaster Rovers]] and [[Republic of Ireland national football B team|Republic of Ireland B]]
*[[Paddy Gavin]], former full-back for [[Dundalk F.C.|Dundalk]], [[Doncaster Rovers F.C.|Doncaster Rovers]] and [[Republic of Ireland national football B team|Republic of Ireland B]]

Latest revision as of 21:25, 17 November 2025

Template:Short description Template:Use Hiberno-English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Main otherScript error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Check for clobbered parameters".Template:Main other

File:Map of Drogheda.png
Map of Drogheda

Drogheda (Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell, Template:Respell; Template:Irish place name Script error: No such module "IPA"., meaning "bridge at the ford") is an industrial and port town in County Louth on the east coast of Ireland, Template:Cvt north of Dublin. It is located on the Dublin–Belfast corridor on the east coast of Ireland, mostly in County Louth but with the south fringes of the town in County Meath, Template:Cvt north of Dublin city centre. Drogheda had a population of 44,135 inhabitants in 2022, making it the eleventh largest settlement by population in all of Ireland, and the largest town in the Republic of Ireland,Template:Efn by both population and area.[1] It is the second largest in County Louth with 35,990 and sixth largest in County Meath with 8,145. It is the last bridging point on the River Boyne before it enters the Irish Sea. The UNESCO World Heritage Site of Newgrange is located Template:Cvt west of the town.

Area

File:123 of 'Cromwell in Ireland, a history of Cromwell's Irish Campaign ... with map, plans and illustrations' (11162537876).jpg
Drogheda, 1749

Drogheda was founded as two separately administered towns in two different territories: Drogheda-in-Meath (i.e. the Lordship and Liberty of Meath, from which a charter was granted in 1194) and Drogheda-in-Oriel (or 'Uriel', as County Louth was then known). The division came from the twelfth-century boundary between two Irish kingdoms, colonised by different Norman interests, just as the River Boyne continues to divide the town between the dioceses of Armagh and Meath. In 1412, these two towns were united, and Drogheda became a county corporate, styled as "the County of the Town of Drogheda". Drogheda continued as a county borough until the establishment of county councils under the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898, which saw all of Drogheda, including a large area south of the Boyne, become part of an extended County Louth. With the passing of the County of Louth and Borough of Drogheda (Boundaries) Provisional Order 1976, County Louth again grew larger at the expense of County Meath. The boundary was further altered in 1994 by the Local Government (Boundaries) (Town Elections) Regulations 1994. The 2007–2013 Meath County Development Plan recognises the Meath environs of Drogheda as a primary growth centre on a par with Navan.

History

File:Looking down Peter Street Drogheda - geograph.org.uk - 4796214 (cropped).jpg
The Tholsel
File:Drogheda Commemorates.jpg
Commemoration of Official Charter

Hinterland

Template:Historical populations

The town is situated in an area which contains a number of archaeological monuments dating from the Neolithic period onwards, of which the large passage tombs of Newgrange, Knowth, and Dowth are probably the best known.[2] The density of archaeological sites of the prehistoric and early Christian periods uncovered in the course of ongoing developments, (including during construction of the Northern Motorway or 'Drogheda Bypass'), has shown that the hinterland of Drogheda has been a settled landscape for millennia.[3][4]

Town beginnings

File:Drogheda StMaryMagdaleneFriary.JPG
St Mary Magdalene Friary.

Despite local tradition linking Millmount to Amergin Glúingel, in his 1978 study of the history and archaeology of the town, John Bradley stated that "neither the documentary nor the archaeological evidence indicates that there was any settlement at the town prior to the coming of the Normans".[5] The results of a number of often large-scale excavations carried out within the area of the medieval town appear to confirm this statement.[6]

One of the earliest structures in the town is the motte-and-bailey castle, now known as Millmount Fort, which overlooks the town from a bluff on the south bank of the Boyne and which was probably erected by the Norman Lord of Meath, Hugh de Lacy, sometime before 1186. The wall on the east side of Rosemary Lane, a back-lane which runs from St. Laurence Street towards the Augustinian Church, is the oldest stone structure in Drogheda.[7] It was completed in 1234 as the west wall of the first castle guarding access to the northern crossing point of the Boyne. A later castle, circa 1600, called Laundy's Castle stood at the junction of West Street and Peter's Street. On Meathside, the Castle of Drogheda or The Castle of Comfort was a tower house castle on the south side of the Bull Ring. It served as a prison, and as a sitting of the Irish parliament in 1494.[8] The earliest known town charter is that granted to Drogheda-in-Meath by Walter de Lacy in 1194.[9] In the 1600s, the name of the town was also spelled "Tredagh" in keeping with the common pronunciation, as documented by Gerard Boate in his work Irelands' Natural History. In c. 1655 it was spelled "Droghedagh" on a map by William Farriland.[10]

Drogheda was an important walled town in the English Pale in the medieval period. It frequently hosted meetings of the Irish Parliament at that time. According to R.J. Mitchell in John Tiptoft, Earl of Worcester, in a spill-over from the War of the Roses the Earl of Desmond and his two youngest sons (still children) were executed there on Valentine's Day 1468 on orders of the Earl of Worcester, the Lord Deputy of Ireland. It later came to light (for example in Robert Fabyan's The New Chronicles of England and France), that Elizabeth Woodville, the queen consort, was implicated in the orders given.[11] The parliament was moved to the town in 1494 and passed Poynings' Law, the most significant legislation in Irish history, a year later. This effectively subordinated the Irish Parliament's legislative powers to the King and his English Council.

Later events

File:Drogheda - St. Laurences Gate (5638818100).jpg
St. Laurence's Gate

Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote". The town was besieged twice during the Irish Confederate Wars.

In the second siege of Drogheda, an assault was made on the town from the south, the tall walls breached, and the town was taken by Oliver Cromwell on 11 September 1649,[12] as part of the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland and it was the site of a massacre of the Royalist defenders. In Cromwell's own words after the siege of Drogheda, "When they submitted, their officers were knocked on the head, and every tenth man of the soldiers killed and the rest shipped to Barbados."[13]

In 1661, Henry Moore, 3rd Viscount Moore was created the Earl of Drogheda in the Peerage of Ireland.

The Battle of the Boyne, 1690, occurred some Template:Cvt west of the town, on the banks of the River Boyne, at Oldbridge. The Tholsel in West Street was completed in 1770.[14]

In 1790, Drogheda Harbour Commissioners were established by the Port of Drogheda Act 1790.[15] They remained in place until 1997 when a commercial enterprise, the Drogheda Port Company, replaced them.

In 1825, the Drogheda Steam Packet Company was formed in the town, providing shipping services to Liverpool.

In 1837, the population of Drogheda area was 17,365 people, of whom 15,138 lived in the town.[16]

Town arms

Drogheda's coat of arms features St. Laurence's Gate with three lions, and a ship emerging from either side of the barbican. It is blazoned as Azure per pale dimidiated, on the dexter side three lions passant guardant in pale or, on the sinister as many hulls of ships in pale of the last, surmounted by a castle with two towers triple-towered argent.[17] The town's motto Script error: No such module "Lang". translates as "God our strength, merchandise our glory".

The star and crescent emblem in the crest of the coat of arms is mentioned as part of the mayor's seal by D'Alton (1844).[18] In 2010, Irish president Mary McAleese, in a speech delivered during an official visit to Turkey, stated that the star and crescent had been added in the aftermath of the Great Famine as gratitude for food supplies donated by the Ottoman Sultan Abdülmecid I, which had arrived at Drogheda by ship. Irish press quickly pointed out the story was a myth, with a local historian calling it 'nothing short of sheer nonsense,' and the star and crescent dating back to King John.[19][20] Later evidence, including a letter displayed at the office of the European Commission, showed that the Sultan did send aid during the 1845–1852 famine.[21][22]

20th century

File:St Oliver Plunkett's head 2007-10-5.jpg
St Oliver Plunkett's Head

In 1921, the preserved severed head of Saint Oliver Plunkett, who was executed in London in 1681, was put on display in St. Peter's (Catholic) Church, where it remains today. The church is located on West Street, which is the main street in the town.

In 1979, Pope John Paul II visited Drogheda as part of his five-stop tour of Ireland. He arrived less than a month after the IRA assassination of Lord Mountbatten, Queen Elizabeth's cousin, in Mullaghmore. On 29 September 1979, he arrived in Dublin, where he gave his first mass. He then addressed 300,000 people in Drogheda, where he appealed "on his knees" to paramilitaries to end the violence in Ireland:[23][24][25]

"Now I wish to speak to all men and women engaged in violence. I appeal to you, in language of passionate pleading. On my knees I beg you to turn away from the paths of violence and to return to the ways of peace. You may claim to seek justice. I too believe in justice and seek justice. But violence only delays the day of justice. Violence destroys the work of justice. Further violence in Ireland will only drag down to ruin the land you claim to love and the values you claim to cherish."[26]

21st century

Two decades into the 21st century some of the historic core of Drogheda town has suffered urban decline. Some of the buildings have been derelict for some years and are in danger of collapse.[27] There was a 2006 traffic plan for pedestrianisation of West Street. It was rejected at a vote of the elected councillors. They had come under pressure from traders in the area concerned about a potential further decline in customer footfall. But the issue has come up for debate again.[28] When asked, Drogheda residents point out that a combination of expensive car-parking and high commercial rates had a push-pull effect on the town's centre. Shops were forced to close and at the same time shoppers brought their business to retail parks such as the Boyne Shopping Centre on Bolton Street.[29] A substantial root-and-branch approach to renewal of the locality was proposed in "Westgate Vision: A Townscape Recovery Guide". The Westgate area of Drogheda is to be subject to a 10-year regeneration by Louth County Council.[30]

Demographics

Drogheda has a hinterland of 70,000+ within a Template:Cvt radius. According to the 2022 census, there were 44,135 people living in Drogheda town at that time.[1]

As of the 2011 census, non-Irish nationals accounted for 16.1% of the population, compared with a national average of 12%. Polish nationals (1,127) were the largest group, followed by Lithuanian nationals (1,044 people).[31] As of the 2016 census, 17.4% of the population were non-Irish nationals, with 676 people from the UK, 1,324 Polish nationals, 1,014 Lithuanians, 1,798 people from elsewhere in the EU, and 1,400 with other (non-EU) nationalities.[32]

As of the 2022 census,[33] the ethnic makeup of the town was 80.65% white total, including 67.81% white Irish and 12.57% other white people, 7.48% not stated, 5.7% Asian, 2.44% other and 3.73% black.

Arts and entertainment

Music

The town was selected to host Fleadh Cheoil na hÉireann for two years in 2018 and 2019.[34]

Drogheda is home to two brass bands: Drogheda Brass Band and Lourdes Brass Band. In 2014, the town hosted the international summer Samba festival in which samba bands from around the world came to the town for three days of drumming and parades.[35]

The composer and member of Aosdána, Michael Holohan, has lived in Drogheda since 1983. His compositions have been performed and broadcast both at home and internationally. Career highlights in Drogheda include Cromwell 1994, 'Drogheda 800' (RTECO, Lourdes Church); The Mass of Fire 1995, 'Augustinian 700' (RTÉ TV live broadcast); No Sanctuary 1997 with Nobel Laureate and poet Seamus Heaney (Augustinian Church); Remembrance Sunday Service and Drogheda Unification 600 (RTE TV live broadcast, St Peter's Church of Ireland) and two major concerts with The Boyne Valley Chamber Orchestra at Fleadh Cheoil na hÉireann in 2018 and 2019.

Drogheda regularly hosts "Music at the Gate", a community-run event led by uilleann piper Darragh Ó Heiligh, next to Saint Laurence's Gate in the centre of Drogheda.[36]

Drogheda Arts Festival, a mix of music, live performance and street entertainment, is held over the May Bank Holiday weekend.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Visual arts

October 2006 saw the opening of the Highlanes Gallery, the town's first dedicated municipal art gallery. It is located in the former Franciscan Church and Friary on St. Laurence Street. The gallery houses Drogheda's municipal art collection, which dates from the 17th century.

Places of interest

File:Millmount Fort in Drogheda.jpg
Millmount Monument

Drogheda is an ancient town that has a growing tourism industry.[37] It has a UNESCO World Heritage site, Newgrange, located Template:Cvt to the west of the town centre. Other tourist sites in the area include: Template:Div col

Template:Div col end

File:View of Drogheda from Millmount.jpg
View of Drogheda from Millmount

Industry and economy

There are several international companies based in the Drogheda area. Local employers include Coca-Cola International Services, State Street International Services, Natures Best, Yapstone Inc,[39][40] the Drogheda Port Company, Glanbia and Flogas (only Flogas Terminals since 2025)

Drogheda also has a history of brewing and distilling, with companies Jameson Whiskey, Coca-Cola, Guinness, Jack Daniel's all having previously produced (or still producing) their products in or near the town. These include the Boann distillery and brewery, Slane Whiskey (a Jack Daniel's-owned company), Listoke House, Dan Kellys (cider), and Jack Codys. The town formerly distilled Prestons whiskey, a Jameson Whiskey brand; Cairnes Beer,[41] founded locally and sold to Guinness; and Coca-Cola concentrate.

Drogheda in recent years has seen growth in the construction of apartments, commercial property and houses. Drogheda in 2024 is expected to receive over 1000 newly constructed homes varying between housing types and prices.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Transport, communications and amenities

File:De lacey Bridge 001.jpg
De Lacey Bridge
File:Boyne River Bridge, M1 motorway 353105.jpg
M1 traffic crossing Mary McAleese Boyne Valley Bridge
File:Boyne and Railway Bridge.JPG
Railway viaduct over River Boyne

Road links and infrastructure

Drogheda is located close to the M1 (E1 Euro Route 1) (main DublinBelfast motorway). The Mary McAleese Boyne Valley Bridge carries traffic from the M1, across the River Boyne, Template:Cvt west of the town. It was opened on 9 June 2003 and is the longest cable-stayed bridge in Ireland. The town's postcode, or eircode, is A92.

Railway

Drogheda acquired rail links to Dublin in 1844, Navan in 1850 and Belfast in 1852. Passenger services between Drogheda and Navan were ended in 1958, however the line remains open for freight (Tara Mines/Platin Cement) traffic. In 1966 Drogheda station was renamed "MacBride". Drogheda railway station opened on 26 May 1844.[42]

The station has direct trains on the Enterprise northbound to Dundalk, Template:Stnlnk, Template:Stnlnk and Belfast Grand Central, and southbound to Dublin Connolly. 1 Train a day to Belfast skips Drogheda.

A wide variety of Iarnród Éireann commuter services connect southbound to Template:Stnlnk, Template:Stnlnk, Template:Stnlnk, Dublin Connolly, Template:Stnlnk, Dublin Pearse, Dún Laoghaire, Template:Stnlnk, Template:Stnlnk, Template:Stnlnk, and Wexford. The DART is planned to be extended to Drogheda in the late 2020s or 30s as part of the DART+ program.

Bus transport

Drogheda's bus station is located on Donore Road. Past Bus Éireann routes included the 184 to Garristown and 185 to Bellewstown. Currently there are buses to Monaghan and Dublin.

Administration

File:Scotch Hall Shopping Centre Drogheda.jpg
Scotch Hall Shopping Centre
File:Hebble Sand.jpg
Hebble Sand moored on the Boyne.

Drogheda was one of ten boroughs retained under the Municipal Corporations (Ireland) Act 1840. Under the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898, the area became an urban district,[43] while retaining the style of a borough corporation.[44]

Drogheda Borough Corporation became a borough council in 2002.[45] On 1 June 2014, the borough council was dissolved and the administration of the town was amalgamated with Louth County Council.[46][47] It retains the right to be described as a borough.[48] The chair of the borough district uses the title of mayor, rather than Cathaoirleach.[49]

As of the 2019 Louth County Council election, the borough district of Drogheda contains the local electoral areas of Drogheda Urban (6 seats) and Drogheda Rural (4 seats), electing 10 seats to the council.[50]

The parliamentary borough of Drogheda returned two MPs to the Irish House of Commons until 1801. Under the Act of Union, the parliamentary borough returned one MP to the United Kingdom House of Commons, until its abolition under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885. It was thereafter represented by the South Louth from 1885 to 1918, by County Louth from 1918 to 1922, by Louth–Meath from 1921 to 1923, and by the Dáil constituency of Louth from 1923 to the present.

Media

The local newspapers are the Drogheda Leader and the Drogheda Independent and known locally as The Leader and D.I.. Both newspapers are published weekly. The office of The Drogheda Independent is at 9 Shop Street and The Drogheda Leader's offices are at 13/14 West Street.

The local radio station is LMFM, broadcasting on 95.8 FM. The headquarters of LMFM is on Marley's Lane on the south side of the town.

Hospitals and health care

Drogheda is a regional centre for medical care. Its main hospital is Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, a public hospital located in the town. and is part of the Louth Meath Hospital Group. Facilities include a 24-hour emergency department for the populations of County Louth, County Meath and the North-East of Ireland. The hospital provides 340 beds, of which 30 are reserved for acute day cases.[51]

Education

There are seven secondary schools situated in Drogheda. St. Joseph's secondary school in Newfoundwell is an all-boys school, as is St. Marys Diocesan School on Beamore Rd. The Sacred Heart School,[52] situated in Sunnyside Drogheda, is an all-girls school. The Drogheda Grammar school, located on Mornington Road, St. Oliver's Community College,[53] on Rathmullen Road, and Ballymakenny College, on the Ballymakenny Road, are mixed schools. Our Lady's College,[54] in Greenhills is an all-girls school. There is also Drogheda Institute for Further Education (DIFE), a third-level college situated in Moneymore townland.

Climate

Drogheda has an oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb).

Template:Weather box

Sport

The town's association football team, Drogheda United, was formed in 1919, and their home matches are played at Head In The Game Park. Nicknamed "The Drogs", they currently compete in the League of Ireland Premier Division, which they won for the first time in 2007. The club achieved success by winning the FAI Cup in 2005 and 2024, and back to back Setanta Sports Cup successes in 2006 and 2007, along with the 2012 EA Sports Cup. The Drogs came close to UEFA Champions League qualification on 2 occasions, in 2008 and 2013. They also narrowly missed out on a UEFA Cup place twice, in 2006 and 2007. Since their formation, the club have won 12 major honours. In 2011, Drogheda became the sister club of Turkish club Trabzonspor due to their matching colours, and the town's history of Ottoman assistance during the Great Famine. They are also the sister club of English club Walsall and Danish club Silkeborg through their shared ownership through Trivela Group. As cup winners, the Drogs will compete in the preliminary rounds of the UEFA Conference League in July 2025.

In rugby union, the local Boyne RFC team was formed in 1997 from the amalgamation of Delvin RFC and Drogheda RFC. Template:As of, the men's 1st XV team were playing in the Leinster J1 1st division.

Town twinning

Notable people

Template:More citations needed section

Arts and media

Politics and diplomacy

Military

Academia and science

Religion

  • James Chadwick, theologian, lyricist and Archbishop of Newcastle and Hexham
  • Patrick Curtis Archbishop of Armagh, Spymaster for the Duke of Wellington in the Peninsular War. No 1 on Napoleon's most wanted list.
  • Thomas Lancaster, bishop, buried at St. Peter's Church

Sport

Other

Freedom of the Town

The following people have received the Freedom of the Town of Drogheda.

  • Charles Stewart Parnell: 1884.[64]
  • Éamon de Valera: July 1933.[65]
  • Pope John Paul II: 29 September 1979.[66]
  • John Hume: 14 May 2001.[67]
  • Father Iggy O’Donovan: 23 October 2013.[68]
  • Michael D. Higgins: 22 May 2015.[69]
  • Seamus Mallon: 8 June 2018.[70]
  • Geraldine Byrne Nason: 10 January 2020.[71]
  • Brother Edmund Garvey, the former Head of the Christian Brothers Order, was awarded the Freedom of Drogheda in 1997. Following outrage over the fact that when he was Head of the Order he enacted a legal strategy as head of the Congregation making it more difficult for survivors of those who were sexually abused as Children to pursue Civil cases against the Order, a campaign commenced on LMFM on the show of the late Michael Reade supported by some elected members of Louth County Council and Drogheda Borough Council who voted by 5 votes to 4 with 1 abstention to rescind Garvey's name in September 2023. Legal advice provided from the then CE Joan Martin was than the elected members could be sued if they voted as allowed under the local government act and ignored her advice. They were not sued. However, Garvey's name remains on the list of the Freedom of Drogheda on the Louth County Council website with a codicil that elected members voted to remove the name but that the Staff opposed its removal.[72]

[73]

See also

References

Template:Reflist

Notes

Template:Notelist

Further reading

  • Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

External links

Template:Wikivoyage Template:Sister project

Template:County Louth Template:Largest urban areas in the Republic of Ireland by population

Template:Authority control

  1. a b Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named tableF1015census2022
  2. Stout, G. 2002 Newgrange and the Bend of the Boyne. Cork University Press.
  3. Bennett, I. (ed) 1987–2004 Excavations : Summary accounts of archaeological excavations in Ireland. Bray.
  4. The Hidden Places of Ireland 190443410X David Gerrard – 2004 -"Two minutes from the centre of Drogheda. in the old townland of Mell."
  5. Bradley, J. 1978 'The Topography and Layout of Medieval Drogheda', Co. Louth Archaeological and Historical Journal, 19, 2, 98–127.
  6. Bennett op cit.
  7. Archaeology No. 5257: The medieval walls of Drogheda
  8. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. Bradley op cit 105
  10. NLI. MS. 716, copy of map by Daniel O'Brien, c. 1780
  11. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. Antonia Fraser, Cromwell, our chief of men (London, 1973)
  13. Cromwell letter to William Lenthall (1649)
  14. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. (30 Geo. 3. c. 39 (I))
  16. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. The Book of Public Arms: A Cyclopædia of the Armorial Bearings, Heraldic Devices, and Seals, as Authorized and as Used, of the Counties, Cities, Towns, and Universities of the United Kingdom. Derived from the Official Records. (1894:3). United Kingdom: T.C. & E.C. Jack.
  18. John D'Alton, The History of Drogheda: With Its Environs, and an Introductory Memoir of the Dublin and Drogheda Railway (1844), p. 138.
  19. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". "Liam Reilly, an administrator with the Old Drogheda Society based in the town's Millmount Museum, said last night the comments were incorrect. 'There are no records with the Drogheda Port Authority of this ever happening. Drogheda historians can trace the star and crescent back to 1210 when the British governor of Ireland, King John Lackland, granted the town its first charter,' he said"Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. Template:Cite ISB
  45. Template:Cite ISB
  46. Template:Cite ISB
  47. Template:Cite ISB
  48. Template:Cite ISB
  49. Template:Cite ISB
  50. Template:Cite ISB
  51. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  55. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  57. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  58. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  60. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  61. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  69. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  70. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  71. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  72. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  73. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".