Merlucciidae: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Family of fishes}} | {{Short description|Family of fishes}} | ||
{{Automatic taxobox | {{Automatic taxobox | ||
| image =Merluccius_bilinearis.jpg | | fossil_range = {{fossil range|Middle Eocene|present}} | ||
| image = Merluccius_bilinearis.jpg | |||
| image_caption = [[Silver hake]], ''Merluccius bilinearis'' | | image_caption = [[Silver hake]], ''Merluccius bilinearis'' | ||
| taxon = Merlucciidae | | taxon = Merlucciidae | ||
| authority = [[Theodore Gill|T. N. Gill]], 1884 | | authority = [[Theodore Gill|T. N. Gill]], 1884 | ||
| subdivision_ranks = Genera | | subdivision_ranks = Genera | ||
| subdivision = | | subdivision = * ''[[Lyconodes]]'' <small>[[John Gilchrist (zoologist)|Gilchrist]], 1922</small> | ||
''[[Lyconodes]]''< | * ''[[Merluccius]]'' <small>[[Constantine Samuel Rafinesque|Rafinesque]], 1810</small> | ||
''[[ | |||
}} | }} | ||
The ''' | The '''Merlucciidae''', commonly called '''merluccid [[hake]]s''' {{IPAc-en|m|@r|'|l|u:|ch|I|d}},<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wH3MBQAAQBAJ&dq=%22merluccid+hakes%22&pg=PA633|title=Early Stages of Atlantic Fishes: An Identification Guide for the Western Central North Atlantic, Two Volume Set|first=William J.|last=Richards|date=August 8, 2005|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9780203500217 |via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dfXzBgAAQBAJ&dq=%22merluccid+hakes%22&pg=PA324|title=Hakes: Biology and Exploitation|first=Hugo|last=Arancibia|date=September 28, 2015|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9781118568415 |via=Google Books}}</ref><ref name="Hakes">{{cite book |last=Lloris |first=Domingo |url=https://www.fao.org/4/y4876e/y4876e00.htm |title=Hakes of the world (family Merlucciidae) : an annotated and illustrated catalogue of hake species known to date |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |year=2005 |isbn=92-5-104984-X |location=Rome}}</ref> are a [[Family (biology)|family]] of [[Gadiformes|cod-like fish]], containing two genera.<ref name="CofFF">{{Cof family|family=Merlucciidae|access-date=16 July 2025}}</ref> They are the only member of the suborder '''Merlucciodei'''.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Fricke |first=R. |last2=Eschmeyer |first2=W. N. |last3=Van der Laan |first3=R. |date=2025 |title=ESCHMEYER'S CATALOG OF FISHES: CLASSIFICATION |url=https://www.calacademy.org/eschmeyers-catalog-of-fishes-classification |access-date=2025-07-02 |website=California Academy of Sciences |language=en}}</ref> | ||
They are native to cold water in the [[Atlantic]] and [[Pacific]] oceans, and typically are found at depths greater than {{convert|50|m|ft|abbr=on}} in subtropical, temperate, sub-[[Arctic]] or sub-[[Antarctic]] regions. | They are native to cold water in the [[Atlantic]] and [[Pacific]] oceans, and typically are found at depths greater than {{convert|50|m|ft|abbr=on}} in subtropical, temperate, sub-[[Arctic]] or sub-[[Antarctic]] regions. | ||
These predatory fish are up to {{convert|1.55|m|abbr=on}} in length, though most only reach about half that length, inhabiting the waters of the [[continental shelf]] and upper [[continental slope]], where they feed on small fish such as [[lanternfish]]es. Several species are important commercial fish, for example the [[North Pacific hake]] (''Merluccius productus'') that is fished off western North America. | |||
This family contained many more genera in the past.<ref name="Endo">{{cite journal |author=Hiromitsu Endo |year=2002 |title=Phylogeny of the Order Gadiformes (Teleostei, Paracanthopterygii) |url=https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2115/22016/1/49%282%29_P75-149.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Memoirs of the Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences Hokkaido University |volume=49 |issue=2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830001519/https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2115/22016/1/49(2)_P75-149.pdf |archive-date=2017-08-30 |access-date=2018-04-06}}</ref> However, ''[[Luminous hake|Steindachneria]]'', ''[[Lyconus]]'' and ''[[Macruronus]]'' have been found to represent their own distinct clades more closely related to the [[rattails]], and are thus now placed in their own families within the [[Macrouroidei]]. This leaves ''[[Merluccius]]'' and ''[[Lyconodes argenteus|Lyconodes]]'' as the only remaining members of the Merlucciidae and Merluccioidei.<ref name="CofFF" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Roa-Varón |first=Adela |last2=Ortí |first2=Guillermo |date=2009-09-01 |title=Phylogenetic relationships among families of Gadiformes (Teleostei, Paracanthopterygii) based on nuclear and mitochondrial data |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790309000980 |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=52 |issue=3 |pages=688–704 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2009.03.020 |issn=1055-7903 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":132">{{Cite web |last=Fricke |first=R. |last2=Eschmeyer |first2=W. N. |last3=Van der Laan |first3=R. |date=2025 |title=ESCHMEYER'S CATALOG OF FISHES: CLASSIFICATION |url=https://www.calacademy.org/eschmeyers-catalog-of-fishes-classification |access-date=2025-07-02 |website=California Academy of Sciences |language=en}}</ref> | |||
Fossil merlucciid remains are known from the mid-late [[Eocene]] of [[Sverdlovsk Oblast|Sverdlovsk]], Russia, suggesting that they inhabited the former [[Turgai Strait]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Marramà |first=Giuseppe |last2=Carnevale |first2=Giorgio |last3=Smirnov |first3=Pavel V. |last4=Trubin |first4=Yaroslav S. |last5=Kriwet |first5=Jürgen |date=2019 |title=First report of Eocene gadiform fishes from the Trans-Urals (Sverdlovsk and Tyumen regions, Russia) |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-paleontology/article/first-report-of-eocene-gadiform-fishes-from-the-transurals-sverdlovsk-and-tyumen-regions-russia/4FC491EF095220BBFD4EFCE67C10118C |journal=Journal of Paleontology |language=en |volume=93 |issue=5 |pages=1001–1009 |doi=10.1017/jpa.2019.15 |issn=0022-3360|doi-access=free }}</ref> The fossil gadiform †''[[Rhinocephalus]]'' <small>Casier, 1966</small> from the Early Eocene of England has sometimes been considered an early merlucciid, but is currently thought to belong to an uncertain family.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schwarzhans |first=Werner |last2=Beckett |first2=Hermione T. |last3=Schein |first3=Jason D. |last4=Friedman |first4=Matt |date=2018 |title=Computed tomography scanning as a tool for linking the skeletal and otolith-based fossil records of teleost fishes |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/pala.12349 |journal=Palaeontology |language=en |volume=61 |issue=4 |pages=511–541 |doi=10.1111/pala.12349 |issn=1475-4983|hdl=2027.42/144669 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Alleged merluciid fossils from the middle Eocene-aged [[La Meseta Formation]] of [[Seymour Island]], Antarctica are now thought to belong to small individuals of the early [[Notothenioidei|notothenioid]] †''[[Mesetaichthys]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Claeson |first=Kerin M. |last2=Eastman |first2=Joseph T. |last3=Macphee |first3=Ross D. E. |date=2012 |title=Definitive specimens of Merlucciidae (Gadiformes) from the Eocene James Ross Basin of Isla Marambio (Seymour Island), Antarctic Peninsula |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antarctic-science/article/abs/definitive-specimens-of-merlucciidae-gadiformes-from-the-eocene-james-ross-basin-of-isla-marambio-seymour-island-antarctic-peninsula/DE40DD2DB6189F9C53A57ADF8C1CDD55 |journal=Antarctic Science |language=en |volume=24 |issue=5 |pages=467–472 |doi=10.1017/S0954102012000247 |issn=1365-2079|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bieńkowska-Wasiluk |first=Małgorzata |last2=Bonde |first2=Niels |last3=Møller |first3=Peter Rask |last4=Gaździcki |first4=Andrzej |date=2013-06-24 |title=Eocene relatives of cod icefishes (Perciformes: Notothenioidei) from Seymour Island, Antarctica |url=https://gq.pgi.gov.pl/article/view/8404 |journal=Geological Quarterly |language=en |volume=57 |issue=4 |pages=567–doi: 10.7306/gq.1112 |doi=10.7306/gq.1112 |issn=1641-7291|doi-access=free }}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 10:49, 1 September 2025
Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox
The Merlucciidae, commonly called merluccid hakes Template:IPAc-en,[1][2][3] are a family of cod-like fish, containing two genera.[4] They are the only member of the suborder Merlucciodei.[5] They are native to cold water in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, and typically are found at depths greater than Script error: No such module "convert". in subtropical, temperate, sub-Arctic or sub-Antarctic regions.
These predatory fish are up to Script error: No such module "convert". in length, though most only reach about half that length, inhabiting the waters of the continental shelf and upper continental slope, where they feed on small fish such as lanternfishes. Several species are important commercial fish, for example the North Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) that is fished off western North America.
This family contained many more genera in the past.[6] However, Steindachneria, Lyconus and Macruronus have been found to represent their own distinct clades more closely related to the rattails, and are thus now placed in their own families within the Macrouroidei. This leaves Merluccius and Lyconodes as the only remaining members of the Merlucciidae and Merluccioidei.[4][7][8]
Fossil merlucciid remains are known from the mid-late Eocene of Sverdlovsk, Russia, suggesting that they inhabited the former Turgai Strait.[9] The fossil gadiform †Rhinocephalus Casier, 1966 from the Early Eocene of England has sometimes been considered an early merlucciid, but is currently thought to belong to an uncertain family.[10] Alleged merluciid fossils from the middle Eocene-aged La Meseta Formation of Seymour Island, Antarctica are now thought to belong to small individuals of the early notothenioid †Mesetaichthys.[11][12]
References
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External links
- Terra Curanda Fishery StatisticsScript error: No such module "Unsubst".