Mac OS X Server: Difference between revisions
imported>DandelionAndBurdock Reverting edit(s) by 2023macstudio (talk) to rev. 1293524693 by BunnysBot: it didn't get un-discontinued, so present tense is correct here (UV 0.1.6) |
imported>Graham11 No edit summary |
||
| Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
| screenshot = File:OS X Server Snow Leopard.png | | screenshot = File:OS X Server Snow Leopard.png | ||
| caption = Mac OS X Snow Leopard Server running Server Admin on Desktop | | caption = Mac OS X Snow Leopard Server running Server Admin on Desktop | ||
| developer = [[Apple Inc.]] | | developer = [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] | ||
| family = {{flat list| | | family = {{flat list| | ||
* [[Macintosh operating systems|Macintosh]] | * [[Macintosh operating systems|Macintosh]] | ||
| Line 30: | Line 30: | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Mac OS X Server''' is a series of [[Discontinued software|discontinued]] [[Unix]]-like server [[operating systems]] developed by [[Apple Inc.]], based on [[macOS]]. It provided server functionality and system administration tools, and tools to manage both macOS-based computers and [[iOS]]-based devices, [[network service]]s such as a [[message transfer agent|mail transfer agent]], [[Apple Filing Protocol|AFP]] and [[Server Message Block|SMB]] servers, an [[Lightweight Directory Access Protocol|LDAP]] server, and a [[Domain Name System|domain name server]], as well as server applications including a [[Web server]], [[database]], and [[Calendar (Apple)|calendar]] server.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.apple.com/server/macosx/technology/unix.html|title=Mac OS X Server Snow Leopard - UNIX|publisher=Apple|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609032125/http://www.apple.com/server/macosx/technology/unix.html |archive-date=June 9, 2011|access-date=November 25, 2012}}</ref> | '''Mac OS X Server''' is a series of [[Discontinued software|discontinued]] [[Unix]]-like server [[operating systems]] developed by [[Apple Inc.|Apple]], based on [[macOS]]. It provided server functionality and system administration tools, and tools to manage both macOS-based computers and [[iOS]]-based devices, [[network service]]s such as a [[message transfer agent|mail transfer agent]], [[Apple Filing Protocol|AFP]] and [[Server Message Block|SMB]] servers, an [[Lightweight Directory Access Protocol|LDAP]] server, and a [[Domain Name System|domain name server]], as well as server applications including a [[Web server]], [[database]], and [[Calendar (Apple)|calendar]] server.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.apple.com/server/macosx/technology/unix.html |title=Mac OS X Server Snow Leopard - UNIX |publisher=Apple |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609032125/http://www.apple.com/server/macosx/technology/unix.html |archive-date=June 9, 2011 |access-date=November 25, 2012}}</ref> | ||
Starting with [[OS X Lion]], Apple stopped selling a standalone server operating system, instead releasing an add-on Server app marketed as '''OS X Server''' (and later '''macOS Server'''), which was sold through the [[Mac App Store]].<ref name="server-specs">{{cite web|url=https://www.apple.com/macos/server/specs/|title=Apple - macOS Server - Read the technical specifications.|publisher=Apple Inc.|access-date=November 2, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114180555/https://www.apple.com/macos/server/specs/|archive-date=November 14, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1822?viewlocale=en_US&locale=en_US|title=OS X Server: Admin tools compatibility information|publisher=Apple Inc.|date=July 25, 2012|access-date=October 21, 2013}}</ref> The Server app lacked many features from Mac OS X Server, and later versions of the app only included functionality related to user and group management, [[Xsan]], and [[mobile device management]] through profiles. The Server app was discontinued on April 21, 2022, and Apple said that later versions of macOS would drop support for it.<ref name="about-5.7.1-and-later" /> | Starting with [[OS X Lion]], Apple stopped selling a standalone server operating system, instead releasing an add-on Server app marketed as '''OS X Server''' (and later '''macOS Server'''), which was sold through the [[Mac App Store]].<ref name="server-specs">{{cite web|url=https://www.apple.com/macos/server/specs/|title=Apple - macOS Server - Read the technical specifications.|publisher=Apple Inc.|access-date=November 2, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114180555/https://www.apple.com/macos/server/specs/|archive-date=November 14, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1822?viewlocale=en_US&locale=en_US|title=OS X Server: Admin tools compatibility information|publisher=Apple Inc.|date=July 25, 2012|access-date=October 21, 2013}}</ref> The Server app lacked many features from Mac OS X Server, and later versions of the app only included functionality related to user and group management, [[Xsan]], and [[mobile device management]] through profiles. The Server app was discontinued on April 21, 2022, and Apple said that later versions of macOS would drop support for it.<ref name="about-5.7.1-and-later" /> | ||
| Line 48: | Line 48: | ||
===Mac OS X Server 10.1 (Puma)=== | ===Mac OS X Server 10.1 (Puma)=== | ||
Mac OS X Server 10.1 (released September 25, 2001) featured improved performance, increased system stability, and decreased file transfer times compared to Mac OS X Server 10.0. Support was added for RAID 0 and RAID 1 storage configurations, and Mac OS 9.2.1 in NetBoot.<ref>{{Cite | Mac OS X Server 10.1 (released September 25, 2001) featured improved performance, increased system stability, and decreased file transfer times compared to Mac OS X Server 10.0. Support was added for RAID 0 and RAID 1 storage configurations, and Mac OS 9.2.1 in NetBoot.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Major Mac OS X Server v10.1 Update Now Available |url=https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2001/09/25Major-Mac-OS-X-Server-v10-1-Update-Now-Available/ |access-date=2020-11-21 |website=Apple Newsroom |language=en-US}}</ref> | ||
===Mac OS X Server 10.2 (Jaguar)=== | ===Mac OS X Server 10.2 (Jaguar)=== | ||
| Line 57: | Line 57: | ||
===Mac OS X Server 10.4 (Tiger)=== | ===Mac OS X Server 10.4 (Tiger)=== | ||
The 10.4 release (April 29, 2005) adds [[64-bit]] application support, [[Access Control Lists]], [[Xgrid]], [[link aggregation]], [[e-mail spam]] filtering ([[SpamAssassin]]), virus detection ([[ClamAV]]), Gateway Setup Assistant, and servers for [[Apple Software Update|Software Update]], [[iChat Server]] using [[Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol|XMPP]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.apple.com/server/macosx/collaborationservices.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060813212747/http://www.apple.com/server/macosx/collaborationservices.html |title= Apple - Mac OS X Server - Collaboration Services|archive-date=August 13, 2006|access-date=November 25, 2012}}</ref> Boot Camp Assistant, Dashboard, and Weblog Server based on the open-source [[Blojsom]] project ([[Java (programming language)|Java]]).<ref>{{Cite | The 10.4 release (April 29, 2005) adds [[64-bit]] application support, [[Access Control Lists]], [[Xgrid]], [[link aggregation]], [[e-mail spam]] filtering ([[SpamAssassin]]), virus detection ([[ClamAV]]), Gateway Setup Assistant, and servers for [[Apple Software Update|Software Update]], [[iChat Server]] using [[Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol|XMPP]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.apple.com/server/macosx/collaborationservices.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060813212747/http://www.apple.com/server/macosx/collaborationservices.html |title=Apple - Mac OS X Server - Collaboration Services |archive-date=August 13, 2006 |access-date=November 25, 2012}}</ref> Boot Camp Assistant, Dashboard, and Weblog Server based on the open-source [[Blojsom]] project ([[Java (programming language)|Java]]).<ref>{{Cite press release |date=28 June 2004 |title=Apple Previews Mac OS X Server "Tiger" |url=https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2004/06/28Apple-Previews-Mac-OS-X-Server-Tiger/ |access-date=2022-05-31 |website=Apple Newsroom |language=en-US}}</ref> | ||
On August 10, 2006, Apple announced the first [[Universal Binary]] release of Mac OS X Server, version 10.4.7, supporting both PowerPC and Intel processors. At the same time Apple announced the release of the Intel-based [[Mac Pro]] and [[Xserve]] systems. | On August 10, 2006, Apple announced the first [[Universal Binary]] release of Mac OS X Server, version 10.4.7, supporting both PowerPC and Intel processors. At the same time Apple announced the release of the Intel-based [[Mac Pro]] and [[Xserve]] systems. | ||
| Line 63: | Line 63: | ||
===Mac OS X Server 10.5 (Leopard)=== | ===Mac OS X Server 10.5 (Leopard)=== | ||
[[File:Leopard Server 10.5.png|right|thumb|Screenshot of OS X Leopard 10.5 Server]] | [[File:Leopard Server 10.5.png|right|thumb|Screenshot of OS X Leopard 10.5 Server]] | ||
Leopard Server (released October 26, 2007) sold for $999 for an unlimited-client license.<ref name="In depth with Lion OS X Server"> | Leopard Server (released October 26, 2007) sold for $999 for an unlimited-client license.<ref name="In depth with Lion OS X Server">{{cite web |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/4547/mac-os-x-lion-server-review |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805182406/http://www.anandtech.com/show/4547/mac-os-x-lion-server-review |archive-date=August 5, 2011 |title=In depth with Lion OS X Server |website=[[AnandTech]] |date=August 2, 2011}}</ref> Mac OS X Server version 10.5.x ‘Leopard’ was the last major version of Mac OS X Server to support [[PowerPC]]-based servers and workstations, such as the Apple [[Xserve G5]] and [[Power Mac G5]]. | ||
'''Features:''' | '''Features:''' | ||
* [[RADIUS]] Server. Leopard Server includes [[FreeRADIUS]] for network authentication. It ships with support for wireless access stations however can be modified into a fully functioning FreeRADIUS server.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.macosxhints.com/article.php?story=20071130134610850| title = 10.5: Enable full RADIUS support on OS X Server| website = Mac OS X Hints | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090918051730/http://www.macosxhints.com/article.php?story=20071130134610850| archive-date = September 18, 2009}}</ref> | * [[RADIUS]] Server. Leopard Server includes [[FreeRADIUS]] for network authentication. It ships with support for wireless access stations however can be modified into a fully functioning FreeRADIUS server.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.macosxhints.com/article.php?story=20071130134610850 | title = 10.5: Enable full RADIUS support on OS X Server | website = Mac OS X Hints | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090918051730/http://www.macosxhints.com/article.php?story=20071130134610850 | archive-date = September 18, 2009}}</ref> | ||
* [[Ruby on Rails]]. Mac OS X Server version 10.5 ‘Leopard’ was the first version to ship with [[Ruby on Rails]], the [[server-side]] [[Web framework|Web application framework]] used by sites such as [[GitHub]].<ref>{{citation|url=https://weblog.rubyonrails.org/2006/8/7/ruby-on-rails-will-ship-with-os-x-10-5-leopard/|title=Ruby on Rails will ship with OS X 10.5 (Leopard)|author=David|date=August 7, 2006|website=RubyOnRails.org}}</ref> | * [[Ruby on Rails]]. Mac OS X Server version 10.5 ‘Leopard’ was the first version to ship with [[Ruby on Rails]], the [[server-side]] [[Web framework|Web application framework]] used by sites such as [[GitHub]].<ref>{{citation |url=https://weblog.rubyonrails.org/2006/8/7/ruby-on-rails-will-ship-with-os-x-10-5-leopard/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060813093250/https://weblog.rubyonrails.org/2006/8/7/ruby-on-rails-will-ship-with-os-x-10-5-leopard/ |archive-date=August 13, 2006 |title=Ruby on Rails will ship with OS X 10.5 (Leopard) |author=David |date=August 7, 2006 |website=RubyOnRails.org}}</ref> | ||
===Mac OS X Server 10.6 (Snow Leopard)=== | ===Mac OS X Server 10.6 (Snow Leopard)=== | ||
| Line 73: | Line 73: | ||
'''New Features:''' | '''New Features:''' | ||
* Full [[64-bit computing|64-bit]] operating system. On appropriate systems with 4 GB of RAM or more, Snow Leopard Server uses a 64-bit kernel to address up to a theoretical 16 TB of RAM.<ref>{{cite web|title=Apple - Mac OS X Server Snow Leopard - 64-bit Computing |url=https://www.apple.com/server/macosx/technology/sixtyfour-bit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608204248/http://www.apple.com/server/macosx/technology/sixtyfour-bit.html |archive-date=June 8, 2011|access-date=August 26, 2009}}</ref> | * Full [[64-bit computing|64-bit]] operating system. On appropriate systems with 4 GB of RAM or more, Snow Leopard Server uses a 64-bit kernel to address up to a theoretical 16 TB of RAM.<ref>{{cite web |title=Apple - Mac OS X Server Snow Leopard - 64-bit Computing |url=https://www.apple.com/server/macosx/technology/sixtyfour-bit.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608204248/http://www.apple.com/server/macosx/technology/sixtyfour-bit.html |archive-date=June 8, 2011 |access-date=August 26, 2009}}</ref> | ||
* [[iCal Server]] 2 with improved [[CalDAV]] support, a new web calendaring application, push notifications and the ability to send email invitations to non-iCal users. | * [[iCal Server]] 2 with improved [[CalDAV]] support, a new web calendaring application, push notifications and the ability to send email invitations to non-iCal users. | ||
* [[Calendar and Contacts Server|Address Book Server]] provides a central location for users to store and access personal contacts across multiple Macs and synchronized iPhones. Based on the [[CardDAV]] protocol standard. | * [[Calendar and Contacts Server|Address Book Server]] provides a central location for users to store and access personal contacts across multiple Macs and synchronized iPhones. Based on the [[CardDAV]] protocol standard. | ||
| Line 83: | Line 83: | ||
=== Server app === | === Server app === | ||
[[File:Yosemite Server 10.10.png|thumb|The Server app running on OS X Yosemite]] | [[File:Yosemite Server 10.10.png|thumb|The Server app running on OS X Yosemite]] | ||
In releasing the developer preview of [[Mac OS X Lion]] in February 2011, Apple indicated that beginning with Lion, Mac OS X Server would be bundled with the operating system and would not be marketed as a separate product.<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2011/02/24Apple-Releases-Developer-Preview-of-Mac-OS-X-Lion/ |title=Apple Releases Developer Preview of Mac OS X Lion |publisher=Apple |date=February 24, 2011 |access-date=March 14, 2018}}</ref> However, a few months later, the company said it would instead sell the server components as a [[United States dollar|US$]]49.99 add-on to Lion, distributed through the [[Mac App Store]] (as well as Lion itself).<ref name="lion-june-pr">{{cite press release|url=https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2011/06/06Mac-OS-X-Lion-With-250-New-Features-Available-in-July-From-Mac-App-Store/|title=Mac OS X Lion With 250 New Features Available in July From Mac App Store|publisher=Apple|date=June 6, 2011|access-date=March 14, 2018}}</ref> The combined cost of an upgrade to Lion and the purchase of the OS X Server add-on, which costs approximately US$50,<ref name="In depth with Lion OS X Server" /> was nonetheless significantly lower than the retail cost of Snow Leopard Server (US$499). Lion Server came with unlimited client licenses as did Snow Leopard Server. Lion Server includes new versions of [[iCal Server]], [[Wiki Server]], and [[Mail Server]].<ref name="lion-server-specs">{{cite web |url= | In releasing the developer preview of [[Mac OS X Lion]] in February 2011, Apple indicated that beginning with Lion, Mac OS X Server would be bundled with the operating system and would not be marketed as a separate product.<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2011/02/24Apple-Releases-Developer-Preview-of-Mac-OS-X-Lion/ |title=Apple Releases Developer Preview of Mac OS X Lion |publisher=Apple |date=February 24, 2011 |access-date=March 14, 2018}}</ref> However, a few months later, the company said it would instead sell the server components as a [[United States dollar|US$]]49.99 add-on to Lion, distributed through the [[Mac App Store]] (as well as Lion itself).<ref name="lion-june-pr">{{cite press release|url=https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2011/06/06Mac-OS-X-Lion-With-250-New-Features-Available-in-July-From-Mac-App-Store/|title=Mac OS X Lion With 250 New Features Available in July From Mac App Store|publisher=Apple|date=June 6, 2011|access-date=March 14, 2018}}</ref> The combined cost of an upgrade to Lion and the purchase of the OS X Server add-on, which costs approximately US$50,<ref name="In depth with Lion OS X Server" /> was nonetheless significantly lower than the retail cost of Snow Leopard Server (US$499). Lion Server came with unlimited client licenses as did Snow Leopard Server. Lion Server includes new versions of [[iCal Server]], [[Wiki Server]], and [[Mail Server]].<ref name="lion-server-specs">{{cite web |url=https://support.apple.com/en-us/112430 |title=OS X Lion Server - Technical Specifications |author=[[Apple Inc.]] |date=November 15, 2011 |access-date=September 2, 2025}}</ref> More significantly, Lion Server can be used for iOS mobile device management. Starting with Apple Mac OS X Server Version 10.7 “Lion,” [[PostgreSQL]] replaces [[MySQL]] as the database provided with Mac OS X Server, coinciding with [[Oracle Corporation]]’s acquisition of [[Sun Microsystems]] and Oracle’s subsequent attempts to tighten MySQL’s licensing restrictions and to exert influence on MySQL’s previously open and independent development model.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.computerworld.com.au/article/457551/dead_database_walking_mysql_creator_why_future_belongs_mariadb/|title=Dead database walking: MySQL's creator on why the future belongs to MariaDB|last=Pearce|first=Rohan|date=2013-03-28|website=Computerworld.com.au|publisher=[[Computerworld]]|access-date=2020-10-07|archive-date=October 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003111459/https://www2.computerworld.com.au/article/457551/dead_database_walking_mysql_creator_why_future_belongs_mariadb/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
Like Lion, Mountain Lion had no separate server edition. An OS X Server package was available for Mountain Lion from the Mac App Store for US$19.99, which included a server management application called Server, as well as other additional administrative tools to manage client profiles and [[Xsan]].<ref>{{cite web|title=OS X Server|url=http://movies.apple.com/media/us/osx/2012/server/docs/OSXServer_Product_Overview.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619100813/http://movies.apple.com/media/us/osx/2012/server/docs/OSXServer_Product_Overview.pdf |archive-date=2012-06-19 |url-status=live|publisher=Apple Inc.|date=June 2012|access-date=July 31, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Server, simplified: A power user's guide to OS X Server|url=https://arstechnica.com/apple/2012/07/the-server-simplified-a-power-users-guide-to-os-x-server|author=Andrew Cunningham|website=Ars Technica|date=July 29, 2012|access-date=July 31, 2012}}</ref> Mountain Lion Server, like Lion Server, was provided with unlimited client licenses, and once purchased could be run on an unlimited number of systems. | Like Lion, Mountain Lion had no separate server edition. An OS X Server package was available for Mountain Lion from the Mac App Store for US$19.99, which included a server management application called Server, as well as other additional administrative tools to manage client profiles and [[Xsan]].<ref>{{cite web|title=OS X Server|url=http://movies.apple.com/media/us/osx/2012/server/docs/OSXServer_Product_Overview.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619100813/http://movies.apple.com/media/us/osx/2012/server/docs/OSXServer_Product_Overview.pdf |archive-date=2012-06-19 |url-status=live|publisher=Apple Inc.|date=June 2012|access-date=July 31, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Server, simplified: A power user's guide to OS X Server|url=https://arstechnica.com/apple/2012/07/the-server-simplified-a-power-users-guide-to-os-x-server|author=Andrew Cunningham|website=Ars Technica|date=July 29, 2012|access-date=July 31, 2012}}</ref> Mountain Lion Server, like Lion Server, was provided with unlimited client licenses, and once purchased could be run on an unlimited number of systems. | ||
| Line 124: | Line 124: | ||
=== iChat Server === | === iChat Server === | ||
iChat Server is an XMPP server that was added in [[Mac OS X Server#Mac OS X Server 10.4 (Tiger)|Mac OS X Server 10.4]], and was upgraded to version 2 with the release of Mac OS X 10.5 Server in October 2007.<ref> | iChat Server is an XMPP server that was added in [[Mac OS X Server#Mac OS X Server 10.4 (Tiger)|Mac OS X Server 10.4]], and was upgraded to version 2 with the release of Mac OS X 10.5 Server in October 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.apple.com/server/macosx/leopard/more.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080107014029/http://www.apple.com/server/macosx/features/ |archive-date=January 7, 2008 |title=Mac OS X Server - Features |website=Apple}}</ref> iChat Server was originally based on jabberd 1.4.3 and is named after Apple's [[iChat]] [[online chat]] client software.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://github.com/apple-oss-distributions/ChatServer/blob/ChatServer-37.4/jabberd-src/README |title=ChatServer/jabberd-src/README at ChatServer-37.4 - apple-oss-distributions/ChatServer |website=[[GitHub]] }}</ref> Version 2 of the software is based on [[Jabberd2|jabberd2 2.0s9]] and supports server federation,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://github.com/apple-oss-distributions/ChatServer/blob/ChatServer-260/jabberd2/README |title=ChatServer/jabberd2/README at ChatServer-260 - apple-oss-distributions/ChatServer |website=[[GitHub]] }}</ref> which allows chat clients to talk directly with other systems that support [[Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol|XMPP]]. It also supports server-based chat archiving.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.informationweek.com/news/software/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=198700215&pgno=3 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080930233037/http://www.informationweek.com/news/software/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=198700215&pgno=3 |archive-date=September 30, 2008 |title=Inside Apple's Leopard Server OS |website=[[InformationWeek]] |date=March 27, 2007}}</ref> | ||
=== Wiki Server === | === Wiki Server === | ||
Latest revision as of 04:47, 16 October 2025
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Distinguish". Template:Use mdy dates Script error: No such module "Unsubst".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Mac OS X Server is a series of discontinued Unix-like server operating systems developed by Apple, based on macOS. It provided server functionality and system administration tools, and tools to manage both macOS-based computers and iOS-based devices, network services such as a mail transfer agent, AFP and SMB servers, an LDAP server, and a domain name server, as well as server applications including a Web server, database, and calendar server.[1]
Starting with OS X Lion, Apple stopped selling a standalone server operating system, instead releasing an add-on Server app marketed as OS X Server (and later macOS Server), which was sold through the Mac App Store.[2][3] The Server app lacked many features from Mac OS X Server, and later versions of the app only included functionality related to user and group management, Xsan, and mobile device management through profiles. The Server app was discontinued on April 21, 2022, and Apple said that later versions of macOS would drop support for it.[4]
History
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".
Mac OS X Server is based on an open source foundation called Darwin and uses open industry standards and protocols. Mac OS X Server was provided as the operating system for Xserve computers, and rack-mounted server computers designed by Apple. It was optionally pre-installed on the Mac Mini and Mac Pro and was sold separately for use on any Macintosh computer meeting its minimum requirements.
Mac OS X Server 1.0 (Rhapsody)
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Mac OS X Server 1.0 was released in March 1999, predating the release of the consumer version of Mac OS X by two years. Mac OS X Server 1.0 was based on Rhapsody, a hybrid of OPENSTEP from NeXT Computer and Mac OS 8.5.1. The GUI looked like a mixture of Mac OS 8's Platinum appearance with OPENSTEP's NeXT-based interface. It included a runtime layer called Blue Box for running legacy Mac OS-based applications within a separate window. There was discussion of implementing a 'transparent blue box' which would intermix Mac OS applications with those written for Rhapsody's Yellow Box environment, but this would not happen until Mac OS X's Classic environment. Apple File Services, Macintosh Manager, QuickTime Streaming Server, WebObjects, and NetBoot were included with Mac OS X Server 1.0. It could not use FireWire devices. The last release is Mac OS X Server 1.2v3.
Mac OS X Server 10.0 (Cheetah)
Mac OS X Server 10.0 (released May 21, 2001) included the new Aqua user interface, Apache, PHP, MySQL, Tomcat, WebDAV support, Macintosh Manager, and NetBoot.
Mac OS X Server 10.1 (Puma)
Mac OS X Server 10.1 (released September 25, 2001) featured improved performance, increased system stability, and decreased file transfer times compared to Mac OS X Server 10.0. Support was added for RAID 0 and RAID 1 storage configurations, and Mac OS 9.2.1 in NetBoot.[5]
Mac OS X Server 10.2 (Jaguar)
Mac OS X Server 10.2 (released August 23, 2002) includes updated Open Directory user and file management, which with this release is based on LDAP, beginning the deprecation of the NeXT-originated NetInfo architecture. The new Workgroup Manager interface improved configuration significantly. The release also saw major updates to NetBoot and NetInstall. Many common network services are provided such as NTP, SNMP, web server (Apache), mail server (Postfix and Cyrus), LDAP (OpenLDAP), AFP, and print server. The inclusion of Samba version 3 allows tight integration with Windows clients and servers. MySQL v4.0.16 and PHP v4.3.7 are also included.
Mac OS X Server 10.3 (Panther)
Mac OS X Server 10.3 (released October 24, 2003) release includes updated Open Directory user and file management, which with this release is based on LDAP, beginning the deprecation of the NeXT-originated NetInfo architecture. The new Workgroup Manager interface improved configuration significantly. Many common network services are provided such as NTP, SNMP, web server (Apache), mail server (Postfix and Cyrus), LDAP (OpenLDAP), AFP, and print server. The inclusion of Samba version 3 allows tight integration with Windows clients and servers. MySQL v4.0.16 and PHP v4.3.7 are also included.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Mac OS X Server 10.4 (Tiger)
The 10.4 release (April 29, 2005) adds 64-bit application support, Access Control Lists, Xgrid, link aggregation, e-mail spam filtering (SpamAssassin), virus detection (ClamAV), Gateway Setup Assistant, and servers for Software Update, iChat Server using XMPP,[6] Boot Camp Assistant, Dashboard, and Weblog Server based on the open-source Blojsom project (Java).[7]
On August 10, 2006, Apple announced the first Universal Binary release of Mac OS X Server, version 10.4.7, supporting both PowerPC and Intel processors. At the same time Apple announced the release of the Intel-based Mac Pro and Xserve systems.
Mac OS X Server 10.5 (Leopard)
Leopard Server (released October 26, 2007) sold for $999 for an unlimited-client license.[8] Mac OS X Server version 10.5.x ‘Leopard’ was the last major version of Mac OS X Server to support PowerPC-based servers and workstations, such as the Apple Xserve G5 and Power Mac G5.
Features:
- RADIUS Server. Leopard Server includes FreeRADIUS for network authentication. It ships with support for wireless access stations however can be modified into a fully functioning FreeRADIUS server.[9]
- Ruby on Rails. Mac OS X Server version 10.5 ‘Leopard’ was the first version to ship with Ruby on Rails, the server-side Web application framework used by sites such as GitHub.[10]
Mac OS X Server 10.6 (Snow Leopard)
Mac OS X Snow Leopard Server (released August 28, 2009) sold for $499 and included unlimited client licenses.[8]
New Features:
- Full 64-bit operating system. On appropriate systems with 4 GB of RAM or more, Snow Leopard Server uses a 64-bit kernel to address up to a theoretical 16 TB of RAM.[11]
- iCal Server 2 with improved CalDAV support, a new web calendaring application, push notifications and the ability to send email invitations to non-iCal users.
- Address Book Server provides a central location for users to store and access personal contacts across multiple Macs and synchronized iPhones. Based on the CardDAV protocol standard.
- Wiki Server 2, with server side Quick Look and the ability to view wiki content on iPhone.
- A new Mail server engine that supports push email so users receive immediate access to new messages. However, Apple's implementation of push email is not supported for Apple's iPhone.
- Podcast Producer 2 with dual-source video support. Also includes a new Podcast Composer application to automate the production process, making it simple to create podcasts with a customized, consistent look and feel. Podcast Composer creates a workflow to add titles, transitions and effects, save to a desired format and share to wikis, blogs, iTunes, iTunes U, Final Cut Server or Podcast Library.
- Mobile Access Server enables iPhone and Mac users to access secured network services, including corporate websites, online business applications, email, calendars and contacts. Without requiring additional software, Mobile Access Server acts as a reverse proxy server and provides SSL encryption and authentication between the user's iPhone or Mac and a private network.
Server app
In releasing the developer preview of Mac OS X Lion in February 2011, Apple indicated that beginning with Lion, Mac OS X Server would be bundled with the operating system and would not be marketed as a separate product.[12] However, a few months later, the company said it would instead sell the server components as a US$49.99 add-on to Lion, distributed through the Mac App Store (as well as Lion itself).[13] The combined cost of an upgrade to Lion and the purchase of the OS X Server add-on, which costs approximately US$50,[8] was nonetheless significantly lower than the retail cost of Snow Leopard Server (US$499). Lion Server came with unlimited client licenses as did Snow Leopard Server. Lion Server includes new versions of iCal Server, Wiki Server, and Mail Server.[14] More significantly, Lion Server can be used for iOS mobile device management. Starting with Apple Mac OS X Server Version 10.7 “Lion,” PostgreSQL replaces MySQL as the database provided with Mac OS X Server, coinciding with Oracle Corporation’s acquisition of Sun Microsystems and Oracle’s subsequent attempts to tighten MySQL’s licensing restrictions and to exert influence on MySQL’s previously open and independent development model.[15]
Like Lion, Mountain Lion had no separate server edition. An OS X Server package was available for Mountain Lion from the Mac App Store for US$19.99, which included a server management application called Server, as well as other additional administrative tools to manage client profiles and Xsan.[16][17] Mountain Lion Server, like Lion Server, was provided with unlimited client licenses, and once purchased could be run on an unlimited number of systems.
Server 5.7 (released September 28, 2018) stopped bundling open source services such as Calendar Server, Contacts Server, the Mail Server, DNS, DHCP, VPN Server, and Websites.[4] Included services are now limited to Profile Manager, Open Directory and Xsan.[4]
Server 5.8 (released March 25, 2019) added new restrictions, payloads, and commands to Profile Manager.
The Server app does not support versions of macOS newer than Monterey, marking the end of Mac OS X Server product line.[4]
Bundled applications
Prior to OS X Mountain Lion
One of Mac OS X Server's main administrative tools was the Server Administrator app, which allowed users to configure server services, and turn them on or off.
RAID Admin was a utility for administering and controlling RAIDs, usually Xserve RAIDs. It was written in Java,[18] and could run on Windows or Linux.
Other bundled tools include:
- Server Preferences (application)
- Server Assistant
- Server Monitor
- System Image Utility
- Workgroup Manager
- Xgrid Admin
After OS X Mountain Lion
Beginning with the release of OS X Mountain Lion (version 10.8), there is only one Administrative tool, an app called "Server", which can be bought and downloaded from the Mac App Store, and is updated independently of OS X. This Server tool is used to configure, maintain and monitor one or more macOS Server installations.
Server services
Apple's Address Book Server, iCal Server, Wiki Server, and Web Server are mostly written in the Python programming language, relying on the Twisted framework.[19] MostTemplate:Clarify of these services were discontinued and removed in version 5.7.1 of the Server app, released on September 30, 2018.
Address Book Server
Address Book Server is a contacts server, and the first commercial server to have implemented CardDAV, which relies on the WebDAV protocol. It was added in Mac OS X Server 10.6.[19]
iCal Server
iCal Server is the first commercial calendar server to have implemented the CalDAV standard, built on top of WebDAV. iCal Server was added in Mac OS X Server 10.5, and was also released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 as Darwin Calendar Server.[19]
The server, named "Template:Mono", is a daemon background service. It has been ported to non-Apple computer platforms. It is currently possible to install it on FreeBSD and several flavours of Linux. The server uses an SQL database for storage of calendar data.
iChat Server
iChat Server is an XMPP server that was added in Mac OS X Server 10.4, and was upgraded to version 2 with the release of Mac OS X 10.5 Server in October 2007.[20] iChat Server was originally based on jabberd 1.4.3 and is named after Apple's iChat online chat client software.[21] Version 2 of the software is based on jabberd2 2.0s9 and supports server federation,[22] which allows chat clients to talk directly with other systems that support XMPP. It also supports server-based chat archiving.[23]
Wiki Server
Wiki Server was a set of services which have shipped with all versions of Mac OS X Server since v10.5 until macOS High Sierra. Mac OS X Server includes web-based Wiki, Weblog, Calendaring, and Contact services. Additionally, it includes a Cocoa application called Directory which allows directory viewing as well as enabling of group services.
Server 5.7.1, the version aligned with macOS 10.14 and released on September 30, 2018, removed the Wiki Server functionality from Server.app.
Discontinuation
On April 21, 2022, Apple announced that they have discontinued macOS Server and that the most popular features (Caching Server, File Sharing Server, and Time Machine Server) are already bundled with every copy of macOS High Sierra and later, so customers will still have access to them. Existing macOS Server customers can still download and use the app with macOS Monterey.[4]
Technical specifications
<templatestyles src="Col-begin/styles.css"/>
|
File and print services
Directory services and authentication
Mail services
Calendaring
Web hosting
|
Collaboration services
Application servers
Media streaming
Client management
Networking and VPN |
Distributed computing
High-availability features
File systems
Management features
|
References
External links
- Apple – macOS Server
- Official feedback page
- Apple Introduces Mac OS X Server – Apple press release
- Major Mac OS X Server v10.1 Update Now Available – Apple press release
- Apple Announces Mac OS X Server “Jaguar”, World’s Easiest-to-Manage UNIX-Based Server Software – Apple press release
- Apple Announces Mac OS X Server “Panther” – Apple press release
- Apple Announces Mac OS X Server “Tiger” – Apple press release
- Apple Announces New Mac OS X Server "Leopard" Features – Apple press release
- Apple Introduces Mac OS X Server Snow Leopard – Apple press release
Script error: No such module "Navbox". Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:Darwin derivations Template:Apple Inc. operating systems Template:Apple
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d e Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedabout-5.7.1-and-later - ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".