Mount Fuji: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 23:15, 19 November 2025

Template:Short description Script error: No such module "redirect hatnote". Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox mountain Script error: No such module "infobox".

Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is an active stratovolcano located on the Japanese island of Honshu, with a summit elevation of Template:Cvt. It is the highest mountain in Japan, the second-highest volcano on any Asian island (after Mount Kerinci on the Indonesian island of Sumatra), and the seventh-highest peak of an island on Earth.^[1] Mount Fuji last erupted from 1707 to 1708.^[2]^[3]

It is located about Template:Cvt southwest of Tokyo, from where it is visible on clear days. It has an exceptionally symmetrical cone, which is covered in snow for about five months of the year. It is a Japanese cultural icon and is frequently depicted in art and photography, as well as visited by sightseers, hikers, and mountain climbers.^[4]

Mount Fuji is one of Japan's Script error: No such module "Nihongo". along with Mount Tate and Mount Haku. It is a Special Place of Scenic Beauty and one of Japan's Historic Sites.^[5] It was added to the World Heritage List as a Cultural Site on June 22, 2013.^[5] According to UNESCO, Mount Fuji has "inspired artists and poets and been the object of pilgrimage for centuries". UNESCO recognizes 25 sites of cultural interest within the Mount Fuji locality. These 25 locations include Mount Fuji and the Shinto shrine, Fujisan Hongū Sengen Taisha.^[6]

Etymology

Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote". The current kanji for Mount Fuji, Script error: No such module "Lang". and Script error: No such module "Lang"., mean "wealth" or "abundant" and "man of status" respectively. The origins of this spelling and the name Fuji continue to be debated. In Japanese, kanji characters are often applied by sound, and the meaning of the kanji may have nothing to do with the name of the mountain. It was named Fuji before the kanji was applied to it.^[7]

富士山記 (Fuji-san Ki) written by Miyako no Yoshika (都良香) in Heian period states, ”The name of the mountain, Fuji, is taken from the name of the county."

A text of the 9th century, Tale of the Bamboo Cutter, says that the name came from Script error: No such module "Nihongo". and also from the image of Script error: No such module "Nihongo". Script error: No such module "Nihongo".Template:Efn ascending the mountain slopes.^[8] An early folk etymology claims that Fuji came from Script error: No such module "Lang". (not + two), meaning without equal or nonpareil. Another claims that it came from Script error: No such module "Lang". (not + to exhaust), meaning never-ending.

Hirata Atsutane, a Japanese classical scholar in the Edo period, speculated that the name is from a word meaning "a mountain standing up shapely as an Script error: No such module "Nihongo". of a rice plant". British missionary John Batchelor (1855–1944) argued that the name is from the Ainu word for "fire" (fuchi) of the fire deity Kamui Fuchi, which was denied by a Japanese linguist Kyōsuke Kindaichi on the grounds of phonetic development (sound change). Fuji and Fuchi are known to be false friends, and Batchelor's argument is rejected by modern academics.^[9] Huchi means "old woman" and ape is the word for "fire", thus ape huchi kamuy is the fire deity. Research on the distribution of place names that fuji suggests that fuji originates in the Yamato language rather than Ainu. Japanese toponymist Kanji Kagami claimed that the name has the same root as Script error: No such module "Nihongo". and Script error: No such module "Nihongo"., and came from its "long well-shaped slope".^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]

File:Aerial panorama of Mount Fuji from Lake Saiko. June 2023.jpg

Aerial panorama of Mount Fuji from Lake Saiko, June 2023

File:Aerial panorama of Mount Fuji with Saiko Iyashi-no-Sato Nenba in the foreground. June 2023.jpg

Aerial panorama of Mount Fuji with Saiko Iyashi-no-Sato Nenba in the foreground, June 2023

Vovin proposed an alternative hypothesis based on Old Japanese reading Script error: No such module "IPA".: the word may have been borrowed from Eastern Old Japanese Script error: No such module "IPA". 火主, meaning "fire master".^[14]

Variations

In English, the mountain is known as Mount Fuji. Some sources refer to it as "Fuji-san", "Fujiyama" or, redundantly, "Mt. Fujiyama". Japanese speakers refer to the mountain as "Fuji-san". This "san" is not the honorific suffix used with people's names, but the Sino-Japanese reading of the character Script error: No such module "Nihongo". used in Sino-Japanese compounds. In Nihon-shiki and Kunrei-shiki romanization, the name is transliterated as Huzi.

Other Japanese names that have become obsolete or poetic include Script error: No such module "Nihongo"., Script error: No such module "Nihongo"., Script error: No such module "Nihongo"., and Script error: No such module "Nihongo"., created by combining the first character of Script error: No such module "Lang"., Fuji, and Script error: No such module "Lang"., mountain.^[15]

History

File:「富嶽三十六景凱風快晴」-South Wind, Clear Sky (Gaifū kaisei), also known as Red Fuji, from the series Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji (Fugaku sanjūrokkei) MET DP141062.jpg

Fine Wind, Clear Morning woodblock print by Hokusai, 19th century

File:Mount Fuji from Omiya by Kusakabe Kimbei c1890.png

Mount Fuji from Omiya (now part of Fujinomiya), Template:Circa

Mount Fuji is widely regarded to have an attractive volcanic cone. It has been a frequent subject of Japanese art, especially after 1600, when Edo (now Tokyo) became the capital and people saw the mountain while traveling on the Tōkaidō road. According to historian H. Byron Earhart, "in medieval times it eventually came to be seen by Japanese as the "number one" mountain of the known world of the three countries of India, China, and Japan".^[16] The mountain is mentioned in Japanese literature throughout the ages and is the subject of many poems.^[17]

The summit has been thought of as sacred since ancient times, and was therefore forbidden to women. In 1872 the Japanese government issued an edict (May 4, 1872, Grand Council of State Edict 98) stating, "Any remaining practices of female exclusion on shrine and temple lands shall be immediately abolished, and mountain climbing for worship, etc., shall be permitted."^[18] Tatsu Takayama was the first woman on record to summit Mount Fuji in the fall of 1832.^[19]^[20]^[21]

Ancient samurai used the base of the mountain as a remote training area, near the present-day town of Gotemba. The shōgun Minamoto no Yoritomo held yabusame archery contests in the area in the early Kamakura period.

The first ascent by a foreigner was by Sir Rutherford Alcock in September 1860, who ascended the mountain in 8 hours and descended in 3 hours.^[22]Template:Rp Alcock's brief narrative in The Capital of the Tycoon was the first widely disseminated description of the mountain in the West.^[22]Template:Rp Lady Fanny Parkes, the wife of British ambassador Sir Harry Parkes, was the first non-Japanese woman to summit, in 1867.^[23] Photographer Felix Beato climbed Mount Fuji two years later.^[24]

On March 5, 1966, BOAC Flight 911, a Boeing 707, broke up in flight and crashed near the Mount Fuji Gotemba New fifth station, shortly after departure. All 113 passengers and 11 crew members died, which was attributed to clear-air turbulence caused by lee waves downwind of the mountain. A memorial for the crash victims sits near Gotemba New Fifth Station.^[25]

Today, Mount Fuji is an international destination for tourism and mountain climbing.^[26]^[27] In the early 20th century, populist educator Frederick Starr's Chautauqua lectures about his ascents of Mount Fuji were widely known in America.^[28] A Japanese saying suggests that a wise person will climb Mt. Fuji once in their lifetime, but only a fool would climb it twice.^[29]^[30] It remains a popular symbol in Japanese culture, including making numerous movie appearances,^[31] inspiring the Infiniti logo,^[32] and appearing in medicine with the Mount Fuji sign.^[33]^[34]

In September 2004, the staffed weather station at the summit was closed after 72 years in operation. Observers monitored radar sweeps that detected typhoons and heavy rains. The station, which was the highest in Japan at Template:Cvt, was replaced by an automated system.^[35]

Mount Fuji was added to the World Heritage List as a Cultural Site on June 22, 2013.^[5]

Geography

File:Fujisan-video-views-airplane-bullet-train2014.ogv

Mount Fuji as seen from the air and from the window of a bullet train, 2014

File:Mt Fuji NASA ISS002-E-6971 large.jpg

Fuji in early summer seen from the International Space Station (May 2001)

Mount Fuji is a distinctive feature of the geography of Japan. It stands Template:Cvt tall and is located near the Pacific coast of central Honshu, just southwest of Tokyo. It straddles the boundary of Shizuoka and Yamanashi prefectures. Four small cities surround it - Gotemba to the east, Fujiyoshida to the north, Fujinomiya to the southwest, and Fuji to the south - accompanied by towns and villages. It is surrounded by five lakes: Lake Kawaguchi, Lake Yamanaka, Lake Sai, Lake Motosu and Lake Shōji.^[36] They, and nearby Lake Ashi in Kanagawa Prefecture, provide views. The mountain is part of Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park. It can be seen more distantly from Yokohama, Tokyo, and sometimes as far as Chiba, Saitama, Tochigi, Ibaraki and Lake Hamana under skies. It was photographed from space during a space shuttle mission.^[37]

Climate

The summit has a tundra climate (Köppen climate classification ET). The temperature is low at high altitude, and the cone is covered by snow for several months of the year. The lowest recorded temperature is Template:Cvt recorded in February 1981, and the highest temperature was Template:Cvt recorded in August 1942.

Fuji's seasonal snowcap appears at an average date of 2 October. In 2024, the snowcap formed on 6 November, the latest-occurring since records began in 1894.^[38]

Template:Weather box

Geology

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File:Geologycal cross-section of Fuji.png

Geological cross-section of Fuji volcano. Key: N₂ = Tertiary sedimentary rocks; αN₂ = Tertiary volcanic rocks; αQ₁ = Komitake volcano; α-δQ₁ = Ashitaka volcano; βQ₂ = Older Fuji volcano; αβQ₂ = Younger Fuji volcano.^[39]

Mount Fuji is located at a triple junction trench where the Eurasian Plate, North American Plate, and Philippine Sea Plate meet.^[40]^[41] These three plates form the western part of Japan, the eastern part of Japan, and the Izu Peninsula respectively.^[42] The Pacific Plate is subducting beneath these plates, resulting in volcanic activity. Mount Fuji is located near three island arcs: the Southwestern Japan Arc, the Northeastern Japan Arc, and the Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc.^[42] The Fuji triple junction is only Template:Convert from the Boso triple junction.

Fuji's main crater is Template:Cvt in diameter and Template:Cvt deep. The bottom of the crater is Template:Cvt in diameter. Slope angles from the crater to a distance of Template:Cvt are 31°–35°, the angle of repose for dry gravel. Beyond this distance, slope angles are about 27°, which is caused by an increase in scoria. Mid-flank slope angles decrease from 23° to less than 10° in the piedmont.^[42]

File:Hasshinpo of Mt.Fuji 40.jpg

Crater with the Eight Sacred Peaks (Hasshin-po)

Scientists have identified four distinct phases of volcanic activity in the formation of Mount Fuji. The first phase, called Sen-komitake, is composed of an andesite core deep within the mountain, discovered in 2004. Sen-komitake was followed by the "Komitake Fuji", a basalt layer believed to have formed several hundred thousand years ago. Approximately 100,000 years ago, "Old Fuji" was formed over the top of Komitake Fuji. The modern, "New Fuji" is believed to have formed over the top of Old Fuji around 10,000 years ago.^[43]

Pre-Komitake started erupting in the Middle Pleistocene in an area Template:Cvt north of Mount Fuji. After a relatively short pause, eruptions began again, which formed Komitake Volcano. These eruptions ended 100,000 years ago. Ashitaka Volcano was active from 400,000 to 100,000 years ago and is located Template:Cvt southeast of Mount Fuji. Mount Fuji started erupting 100,000 years ago, with Ko-Fuji (old-Fuji) forming 100,000 to 17,000 years ago, but it is now almost completely buried. A large landslide on the southwest flank occurred about 18,000 years ago. Shin-Fuji (new-Fuji) eruptions in the form of lava, lapilli, and volcanic ash have occurred between 17,000 and 8,000 years ago, between 7,000 and 3,500 years ago, and between 4,000 and 2,000 years ago. Flank eruptions, mostly in the form of parasitic cinder cones, ceased in 1707. The largest cone, Omuro-Yama, is one of more than 100 cones aligned NW-SE and NE-SW through the summit. Mt. Fuji also has more than 70 lava tunnels and extensive lava tree molds. Two large landslides are at the head of the Yoshida-Osawa and Osawa-Kuzure valleys.^[42]

Template:As of, the volcano was classified as active with a low risk of eruption. The last recorded eruption was the Hōei eruption which started on December 16, 1707 (Hōei 4, 23rd day of the 11th month), and ended about January 1, 1708 (Hōei 4, 9th day of the 12th month).^[44] The eruption formed a new crater and a second peak, named Mount Hōei, halfway down its southeastern side. Fuji spewed cinders and ash that resembled rainfall in Izu, Kai, Sagami, and Musashi.^[45] Since then, no signs of an eruption are recorded. On the evening of March 15, 2011, however, a magnitude 6.2 earthquake at shallow depth occurred a few kilometres from Mount Fuji on its southern side.

Recorded eruptions

About 11,000 years ago, a large amount of lava erupted from the west side of the top. This lava formed new Fuji, which is the main body of Mount Fuji. Since then, the tops of ancient Fuji and new Fuji have been side by side. About 2,500–2,800 years ago, the top part of ancient Fuji was destroyed in a large sector collapse and only the top of Shin-Fuji remained. Ten known eruptions can be traced to reliable records.^[46]^[47]

Date(s)	Notes	Template:Refh
July 31, 781	The eruption was recorded in the Shoku Nihongi, and it was noted that "ash fell", but there are no other details.	^[48]
April 11 – May 15, 800 February 13, 802	The Nihon Kiryaku states that during the first phase, the skies were dark even during the daytime. The second phase is known from the Nippon Kiseki, which notes that gravel fell like hail.	^[49]
June–September 864 December 865 – January 866	Both phases were recorded in the Script error: No such module "Lang".. This eruption created three of the Fuji Five Lakes: Motosu, Shōji, and Saiko, from a single lake that became separated by lava flow.	^[50]
November 937	This was recorded in the Nihon Kiryaku.	^[51]
March 999	It is noted in the Honchō Seiki that news of an eruption was brought to Kyoto, but no other details are known.	^[52]
January 1033	According to the Nihon Kiryaku, news of this eruption was brought to Kyoto two months later.	^[53]
April 17, 1083	The only contemporary recording of this was written by a Buddhist monk and can be found in the Fusō Ryakuki. Later writings indicate that the sound of the eruption may have been heard in Kyoto.	^[54]
between January 30, 1435, and January 18, 1436	A record of this appears in the Ōdaiki, a chronicle kept by the monks at Kubo Hachiman Shrine in Yamanashi City, and it states that a flame was visible on Mount Fuji. As there is no mention of smoke, this appears to have been a Hawaiian eruption (lava only).	^[55]
August 1511	The Katsuyamaki (or Myōhōjiki), written by monks at Myōhō-ji in Fujikawaguchiko, indicates that there was a fire on Mount Fuji at this time, but as there is no vegetation at the described location, this was almost certainly a lava flow.	^[56]
December 16, 1707	The Hōei eruption	^[44]

Current eruptive danger

Template:Update section Following the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake, media speculated that the shock might induce volcanic unrest at Mount Fuji. In September 2012, mathematical models created by the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NRIESDP) suggested that the pressure in Mount Fuji's magma chamber could be 1.6 megapascals higher than before its 1707 eruption. This was interpreted by some media outlets to mean that an eruption of Mount Fuji could be imminent.^[57] Absent any method of directly measuring the pressure of a volcano's magma chamber however, indirect calculations of the type used by NRIESDP remained speculative and unverifiable. Other indicators suggestive of heightened eruptive danger, such as active fumaroles and recently discovered faults, are typical occurrences at this type of volcano.^[58]

Eruption fears continued into the 2020s. In 2021, a new hazard map was created to help residents plan for evacuation, stoking fears because of its increased estimate of lava flow and additional vents.^[59] Soon afterwards, a 4.8 magnitude earthquake hit the area.^[60] The Japan Meteorological Agency however, assured the public that the earthquake did not increase the eruption risk. In 2023, a new evacuation plan was developed to account for the 2021 hazard map update.^[61]

Aokigahara forest

File:Mount Ashiwada and Mount Fuji.jpg

Aokigahara forest with Mount Fuji and Mount Ashiwada

Aokigahara forest sits at Fuji's northwest base. Folk tales and legends tell of ghosts, demons, yūrei and yōkai haunting the forest, and in the 19th century, Aokigahara was one of many places where poor families abandoned their young and elderly.^[62] Approximately 30 suicides are counted yearly, with a high of nearly 80 2002.^[63] The recent increase prompted local officials to erect signs that attempt to convince suicidal individuals to reconsider, which have disrupted some attempts.^[64] Earlier suicides have created an allure that has persisted across decades.^[65]^[66]

Many hikers mark their routes by leaving colored plastic tape behind as they pass, raising concern about effects on the forest's ecosystem.^[67]

Access

File:Fuji in the Mountains of Taisekiji LACMA M.2006.136.141a-b.jpg

A view of Mount Fuji from the Taisekiji temple as depicted by the woodblock artist Katsushika Hokusai. The one hundred views of Mount Fuji. From the Elizabeth Joan Tanney estate, Template:Circa.

Transport

File:Mt.Fuji Shizuoka Airport.jpg

Shizuoka Airport is overlooked by Mount Fuji.

The closest airport with scheduled international service is Mt. Fuji Shizuoka Airport. It opened in June 2009. It is about Template:Cvt from Mount Fuji.^[68] Tokyo International Airport (Haneda Airport) and Narita International Airport are approximately three hours and 15 minutes from Mount Fuji.

Climbing routes

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File:Fuji illustration.jpeg

Historical illustration of the routes to Mount Fuji

File:Torii near the summit of mount Fuji 2015.jpg

Torii near the summit

File:Mt Fuji Summit.jpg

Hikers climbing Mount Fuji

Approximately 300,000 people climbed Mount Fuji in 2009.^[69] The most popular period for people to hike up Mount Fuji is from July to August, while huts and other facilities are operating and the weather is warmest.^[69] Buses to the trail heads typically used by climbers start running on July 1.^[70] Climbing from October to May is discouraged, after several high-profile deaths amid cold weather.^[71] Most Japanese climb the mountain at night to be in a position at or near the summit when the sun rises. The morning light is called Script error: No such module "Lang". goraikō, "arrival of light".^[72]

The four major routes to the summit each have numbered stations along the way. They are (clockwise, starting north): Yoshida, Subashiri, Gotemba, and Fujinomiya routes.^[73] Climbers usually start at the fifth stations, as these are reachable by car or by bus. The summit is the tenth station on each trail. The stations on different routes are at different elevations; the highest fifth station is located at Fujinomiya, followed by Yoshida, Subashiri, and Gotemba. Four routes start from the base of the mountain: Shojiko, Yoshida, Suyama, and Murayama routes.^[74]

Even though it has only the second-highest elevation, the Yoshida route is the most popular. It offers a large parking area and many large mountain huts where climbers can rest or stay. During the summer season, most Mount Fuji climbing tour buses arrive there. The next most popular is the Fujinomiya route, which has the highest fifth station, followed by Subashiri and Gotemba. The ascent from the fifth station can take anywhere between five and seven hours, while the descent can take from three to four hours.^[73] Even though most climbers do not ascend the Subashiri and Gotemba routes, many descend these because of their ash-covered paths. From the seventh station to near the fifth station, running down these ash-covered paths takes approximately 30 minutes.

Tractor routes accompany the climbing routes. These routes are used to bring food and other materials to huts on the mountain. Because the tractors usually take up most of the width of these paths and tend to push large rocks from the side of the path, tractor paths are off-limits to climbers on sections that are not merged with the climbing or descending paths. Nevertheless, people often ride mountain bikes down tractor routes from the summit. This is particularly risky, as it may send rocks into others.

The four routes from the base of the mountain offer historical sites. Murayama is the oldest route, while the Yoshida route has many old shrines, teahouses, and huts along its path. These routes are gaining popularity and are undergoing restoration, although still relatively uncommon. Bears have been sighted along the Yoshida route.

Huts at and above the fifth stations are usually staffed during climbing season, but those below the fifth stations are not usually staffed. Yoshida has the most huts, while Gotemba has the fewest. The huts along the Gotemba route also tend to open later and close earlier than those along the Yoshida route. Because Mount Fuji is designated as a national park, it is illegal to camp above the fifth station.

Eight peaks surround the summit. The highest point in Japan, Ken-ga-mine, is where the Mount Fuji Radar System used to be (replaced by an automated system on October 1, 2008).^[75]^[76] Climbers can visit each of these peaks.

Paragliding

Paragliders take off in the vicinity of the fifth station, Gotemba parking lot, between Subashiri and Hōei-zan peak on Fuji's south side, and at other locations, depending on wind direction. Several paragliding schools use the wide sandy/grassy slope between Gotemba and Subashiri parking lots as a training hill.

Overtourism concerns

On 1 February 2024, the Yamanashi prefectural government imposed a mandatory fee of 2,000 yen ($13) for hikers using the Yoshida trail beginning in the summer season as part of efforts to ease congestion and provide funding for safety protocols.^[77] It later announced that it would impose a daily limit of 4,000 hikers on the trail and close it between 4 p.m. and 3 a.m. except for guests in mountain lodges.^[78] The Shizuoka prefectural government subsequently announced that it would close the Subashiri, Gotemba and Fujinomiya trails at the same time with the same exceptions, citing concerns over congestion.^[79]

In culture

File:Outer shrine of Fujisan Hongu SengenTaisha (富士山本宮浅間大社) - panoramio.jpg

Outer shrine of Fujisan Hongū Sengen Taisha

Shinto mythology

In Shinto mythology, Kuninotokotachi (国之常立神^?, Kuninotokotachi-no-Kami, in Kojiki) (国常立尊^?, Kuninotokotachi-no-Mikoto, in Nihon Shoki) is one of the two gods born from "something like a reed that arose from the soil" when the earth was chaotic. According to the Nihon Shoki, Konohanasakuya-hime, wife of Ninigi, is the goddess of Mount Fuji, where Fujisan Hongū Sengen Taisha is dedicated to her.

In ancient times, the mountain was worshipped from afar. The Asama shrine was set up at the foothills to ward off eruptions. In the Heian period (794–1185), volcanic activity subsided and Fuji was used as a base for Shugendō, a syncretic religion combining mountain worship and Buddhism. Worshippers began to climb the slopes, and by the early 12th century, Matsudai Shonin had founded a temple on the summit.^[80]

Fuji-kō was an Edo period cult centred around the mountain that was founded by an ascetic named Hasegawa Kakugyō (1541–1646).^[81] The cult venerated the mountain as a female deity, and encouraged its members to climb it. In doing so, they would be reborn, "purified and... able to find happiness." The cult waned in the Meiji period, and although it persists to this day, it has been subsumed into Shintō sects.^[81]

Popular culture

As a national symbol of the country, the mountain has been depicted in media such as paintings, woodblock prints (such as Hokusai's Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji and One Hundred Views of Mount Fuji from the 1830s), poetry, music, theater, film, manga, anime, pottery^[82] and even Kawaii subculture.

Before its explosive eruption in 1980, Mount St. Helens was once known as "The Fuji of America", for its striking resemblance to Mount Fuji. Mount Taranaki in New Zealand is also said to bear a resemblance to Mount Fuji, and for this reason has been used as a stand-in for the mountain in films and television.

Notes

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References

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External links

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Fujisan (Mount Fuji) – Smithsonian Institution: Global Volcanism Program
Comprehensive Database of Archaeological Site Reports in Japan, Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties
Mount Fuji Tours

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Short description|Volcano in Yamanashi and Shizuoka Prefectures, Japan}}
+{{Short description|Volcano in Japan}}
 {{Redirect|Fujiyama|other uses|Fujiyama (disambiguation)}}
 {{Use mdy dates|date=January 2018}}
@@ Line 31: / Line 31: @@
 | mountain_type = [[Stratovolcano]]
 | age = 100,000 years
+| volcanic_arc = [[Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc]]
 | last_eruption = [[Hōei eruption|1707–08]]
 | first_ascent = 663 by [[En no Gyōja|En no Odzunu]] (役行者, En no gyoja, En no Odzuno)
@@ Line 55: / Line 56: @@
 }}
-{{Nihongo|'''Mount Fuji'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|lang|ˈ|f|u:|.|dZ|i|audio=en-us-Fuji.ogg}},<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Wells |editor-first=John |editor-link=John C. Wells |title=Longman Pronunciation Dictionary |publisher=Pearson Longman |edition=3rd |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-4058-8118-0}}</ref>}}|富士山・富士の山|Fujisan, Fuji no Yama{{efn|{{IPA|ja|ɸɯꜜ.(d)ʑi, ɸɯꜜ.(d)ʑi.saɴ, ɸɯꜜ.(d)ʑi no ja.ma|lang|Ja-Fuji-san.oga}}<ref>{{cite book|script-title=ja:NHK日本語発音アクセント新辞典|publisher=NHK Publishing|editor=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|date=24 May 2016|lang=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|script-title=ja:新明解日本語アクセント辞典|edition=2nd|editor-last=Kindaichi|editor-first=Haruhiko|editor-link=Haruhiko Kindaichi|editor-last2=Akinaga|editor-first2=Kazue|publisher=[[Sanseidō]]|date=10 March 2025|lang=ja}}</ref>}}}} is an active [[stratovolcano]] located on the [[Japan]]ese island of [[Honshu]], with a summit elevation of {{cvt|3,776.24|m|ftin|frac=2}}. It is the highest mountain in Japan, the second-highest [[volcano]] on any Asian island (after [[Mount Kerinci]] on the [[Indonesia]]n island of [[Sumatra]]), and [[List of islands by highest point|seventh-highest peak of an island]] on Earth.<ref name=Fujiinfo />
+{{Nihongo|'''Mount Fuji'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|lang|ˈ|f|u:|.|dZ|i|audio=en-us-Fuji.ogg}}<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Wells |editor-first=John |editor-link=John C. Wells |title=Longman Pronunciation Dictionary |publisher=Pearson Longman |edition=3rd |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-4058-8118-0}}</ref>}}|富士山・富士の山|Fujisan, Fuji no Yama{{efn|{{IPA|ja|ɸɯꜜ.(d)ʑi, ɸɯꜜ.(d)ʑi.saɴ, ɸɯꜜ.(d)ʑi no ja.ma|lang|Ja-Fuji-san.oga}}<ref>{{cite book|script-title=ja:NHK日本語発音アクセント新辞典|publisher=NHK Publishing|editor=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|date=24 May 2016|lang=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|script-title=ja:新明解日本語アクセント辞典|edition=2nd|editor-last=Kindaichi|editor-first=Haruhiko|editor-link=Haruhiko Kindaichi|editor-last2=Akinaga|editor-first2=Kazue|publisher=[[Sanseidō]]|date=10 March 2025|lang=ja}}</ref>}}}} is an active [[stratovolcano]] located on the [[Japan]]ese island of [[Honshu]], with a summit elevation of {{cvt|3,776.24|m|ftin|frac=2}}. It is the highest mountain in Japan, the second-highest [[volcano]] on any Asian island (after [[Mount Kerinci]] on the [[Indonesia]]n island of [[Sumatra]]), and the [[List of islands by highest point|seventh-highest peak of an island]] on Earth.<ref name=Fujiinfo /> Mount Fuji [[Hōei eruption|last erupted from 1707 to 1708]].<ref name="GSJ_active" /><ref name="Britannica" />
-Mount Fuji [[Hōei eruption|last erupted from 1707 to 1708]].<ref name="GSJ_active" /><ref name="Britannica" /> It is located about {{cvt|100|km|mi}} southwest of [[Tokyo]], from where it is visible on clear days. Its exceptionally symmetrical cone, which is [[snow field|covered in snow]] for about five months of the year, is a Japanese [[cultural icon]] and is frequently depicted in art and photography, as well as visited by sightseers, hikers and mountain climbers.<ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book |title=Natural Wonders of the World |url=https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche |url-access=registration |publisher=Reader's Digest Association |year=1980 |isbn=0-89577-087-3 |editor-last=Scheffel |editor-first=Richard L. |location=United States |page=[https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche/page/153 153] |editor-last2=Wernet |editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref>
+It is located about {{cvt|100|km|mi}} southwest of [[Tokyo]], from where it is visible on clear days. It has an exceptionally symmetrical cone, which is [[snow field|covered in snow]] for about five months of the year. It is a Japanese [[cultural icon]] and is frequently depicted in art and photography, as well as visited by sightseers, hikers, and mountain climbers.<ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book |title=Natural Wonders of the World |url=https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche |url-access=registration |publisher=Reader's Digest Association |year=1980 |isbn=0-89577-087-3 |editor-last=Scheffel |editor-first=Richard L. |location=United States |page=[https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche/page/153 153] |editor-last2=Wernet |editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref>
 Mount Fuji is one of Japan's {{Nihongo|"[[Three Holy Mountains]]"|三霊山|Sanreizan}} along with [[Mount Tate]] and [[Mount Haku]]. It is a [[List of Special Places of Scenic Beauty, Special Historic Sites and Special Natural Monuments|Special Place of Scenic Beauty]] and one of Japan's [[Monuments of Japan|Historic Sites]].<ref name="channelnewsasia.com">{{cite news|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/japan-s-mt-fuji-granted/720700.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627003540/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/japan-s-mt-fuji-granted/720700.html|archive-date=June 27, 2013|url-status=dead|title=Japan's Mt. Fuji granted World Heritage status|date=June 22, 2013|publisher=[[CNA (TV network)|CNA]]}}</ref> It was added to the [[List of World Heritage Sites in Japan|World Heritage List]] as a Cultural Site on June 22, 2013.<ref name="channelnewsasia.com" /> According to [[UNESCO]], Mount Fuji has "inspired artists and poets and been the object of pilgrimage for centuries". UNESCO recognizes 25 sites of cultural interest within the Mount Fuji locality. These 25 locations include Mount Fuji and the [[Shinto shrine]], [[Fujisan Hongū Sengen Taisha]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Centre |first=UNESCO World Heritage |title=Fujisan, sacred place and source of artistic inspiration |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1418/ |access-date=2022-02-11 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en |archive-date=October 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017180110/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1418/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
@@ Line 63: / Line 64: @@
 == Etymology ==
 {{Further|wikt:富士#Etymology 3}}
-The current ''[[kanji]]'' for Mount Fuji, {{lang|ja|富}} and {{lang|ja|士}}, mean "wealth" or "abundant" and "man of status" respectively. The origins of this spelling and the name ''Fuji'' continue to be debated.
+The current ''[[kanji]]'' for Mount Fuji, {{lang|ja|富}} and {{lang|ja|士}}, mean "wealth" or "abundant" and "man of status" respectively. The origins of this spelling and the name ''Fuji'' continue to be debated. In Japanese, kanji characters are often applied by sound, and the meaning of the kanji may have nothing to do with the name of the mountain. It was named Fuji before the kanji was applied to it.<ref>{{Cite web |title=「富士山」の別称・呼称・愛称、呼び名 |url=https://www.yamareco.com/modules/diary/346163-detail-168002 |access-date=2025-07-18 |website=Yamareco}}</ref>
-A text of the 9th century, ''[[The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter|Tale of the Bamboo Cutter]]'', says that the name came from {{Nihongo|"immortal"|不死|fushi, fuji}} and also from the image of {{Nihongo|abundant|富|fu}} {{Nihongo|soldiers|士|shi, ji}}{{efn|Although the word [[Radical 33|士]] [[wikt:士#Japanese|can mean]] a {{Nihongo|soldier|兵士|heishi, heiji}}, or a {{Nihongo|samurai|武士|bushi}}, its original meaning is ''a man with a certain status''.{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}}}} ascending the slopes of the mountain.<ref>{{cite book|script-title=ja:竹取物語 かぐや姫のおひたち|title=Taketorimonogatari kaguyahime no o hi-tachi|trans-title=The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter: Kaguyahime's Ohitachi|publisher=Iwanami shoten|date=1929|url=https://jti.lib.virginia.edu/japanese/taketori/AnoTake.html|location=Tokyo|via=Japanese Text Initiative}}{{wikibooks inline|ja:竹取物語 かぐや姫のおひたち}}</ref> An early [[folk etymology]] claims that ''Fuji'' came from {{lang|ja|不二}} (''not'' + ''two''), meaning ''without equal'' or ''nonpareil''. Another claims that it came from {{lang|ja|不盡}} (''not'' + ''to exhaust''), meaning ''never-ending''.
+富士山記 (Fuji-san Ki) written by [[Miyako no Yoshika]] (都良香) in [[Heian period]] states, ”The name of the mountain, Fuji, is taken from the name of the county."
-[[Hirata Atsutane]], a Japanese classical scholar in the [[Edo period]], speculated that the name is from a word meaning "a mountain standing up shapely as an {{Nihongo|ear|穗|ho}} of a rice plant". British missionary [[John Batchelor (missionary)|John Batchelor]] (1855–1944) argued that the name is from the [[Ainu language|Ainu]] word for "fire" (''fuchi'') of the fire deity [[Kamuy-huci|Kamui Fuchi]], which was denied by a Japanese linguist [[Kyōsuke Kindaichi]] on the grounds of phonetic development ([[sound change]]). It is also pointed out that ''huchi'' means an "old woman" and ''ape'' is the word for "fire", ''ape huchi kamuy'' being the fire deity. Research on the distribution of place names that include ''fuji'' also suggests the origin of the word ''fuji'' is in the [[Yamato people|Yamato]] language rather than Ainu. Japanese [[Toponymy|toponymist]] Kanji Kagami argued that the name has the same root as {{Nihongo|[[wisteria]]|藤|fuji}} and {{Nihongo|rainbow|虹|niji|but with an alternative reading, ''fuji''}}, and came from its "long well-shaped slope".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.city.fujinomiya.shizuoka.jp/e-museum/fujiyama/furufuji4.htm |script-title=ja:富士山の名前の由来|title=Fujisan no namaenoyurai|trans-title=Origin of the name Mt. Fuji|language=ja|date=May 31, 2008 |access-date=December 23, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531001107/http://www.city.fujinomiya.shizuoka.jp/e-museum/fujiyama/furufuji4.htm |archive-date=May 31, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://tisen.jp/tisenwiki/index.php?%C9%D9%BB%CE%BB%B3 |script-title=ja:富士山|title=Fujisan|trans-title=Mt. Fuji|language=ja|website=Chisen Wiki|date=October 25, 2006 |access-date=December 23, 2010 |archive-date=December 18, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091218185331/http://tisen.jp/tisenwiki/index.php?%C9%D9%BB%CE%BB%B3 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www5f.biglobe.ne.jp/~genn/sub5.html |script-title=ja:地名・富士山の意味|title=Chimei Fujisan no imi|trans-title=Meaning of place name Mt. Fuji|language=ja|date=June 3, 2008 |access-date=December 23, 2010 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20080603055732/http://www5f.biglobe.ne.jp/~genn/sub5.html |archive-date=June 3, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~hi5k-stu/aynu/huji.htm |script-title=ja:富士山アイヌ語語源説について|title=Fujisan ainukotoba gogen-setsu ni tsuite|trans-title=About the etymology of the Ainu language of Mt. Fuji|language=ja|publisher=Asahi-net.or.jp |access-date=December 23, 2010 |archive-date=July 22, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722120652/http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~hi5k-stu/aynu/huji.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
+A text of the 9th century, ''[[The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter|Tale of the Bamboo Cutter]]'', says that the name came from {{Nihongo|"immortal"|不死|fushi, fuji}} and also from the image of {{Nihongo|abundant|富|fu}} {{Nihongo|soldiers|士|shi, ji}}{{efn|Although the word [[Radical 33|士]] [[wikt:士#Japanese|can mean]] a {{Nihongo|soldier|兵士|heishi, heiji}}, or a {{Nihongo|samurai|武士|bushi}}, its original meaning is ''a man with a certain status''.{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}}}} ascending the mountain slopes.<ref>{{cite book|script-title=ja:竹取物語 かぐや姫のおひたち|title=Taketorimonogatari kaguyahime no o hi-tachi|trans-title=The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter: Kaguyahime's Ohitachi|publisher=Iwanami shoten|date=1929|url=https://jti.lib.virginia.edu/japanese/taketori/AnoTake.html|location=Tokyo|via=Japanese Text Initiative}}{{wikibooks inline|ja:竹取物語 かぐや姫のおひたち}}</ref> An early [[folk etymology]] claims that ''Fuji'' came from {{lang|ja|不二}} (''not'' + ''two''), meaning ''without equal'' or ''nonpareil''. Another claims that it came from {{lang|ja|不盡}} (''not'' + ''to exhaust''), meaning ''never-ending''.
+[[Hirata Atsutane]], a Japanese classical scholar in the [[Edo period]], speculated that the name is from a word meaning "a mountain standing up shapely as an {{Nihongo|ear|穗|ho}} of a rice plant". British missionary [[John Batchelor (missionary)|John Batchelor]] (1855–1944) argued that the name is from the [[Ainu language|Ainu]] word for "fire" (''fuchi'') of the fire deity [[Kamuy-huci|Kamui Fuchi]], which was denied by a Japanese linguist [[Kyōsuke Kindaichi]] on the grounds of phonetic development ([[sound change]]). Fuji and Fuchi are known to be false friends, and Batchelor's argument is rejected by modern academics.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=鏡味 |first=完 二 |date=May 1995 |title=富士山の地名学的研究 |url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/grj1925/28/5/28_5_237/_pdf |journal=地理学評論 |volume=28 |issue=5 |pages=238}}</ref> ''Huchi'' means "old woman" and ''ape'' is the word for "fire", thus ''ape huchi kamuy'' is the fire deity. Research on the distribution of place names that ''fuji''  suggests that ''fuji'' originates in the [[Yamato people|Yamato]] language rather than Ainu. Japanese [[Toponymy|toponymist]] Kanji Kagami claimed that the name has the same root as {{Nihongo|[[wisteria]]|藤|fuji}} and {{Nihongo|rainbow|虹|niji|but with an alternative reading, ''fuji''}}, and came from its "long well-shaped slope".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.city.fujinomiya.shizuoka.jp/e-museum/fujiyama/furufuji4.htm |script-title=ja:富士山の名前の由来|title=Fujisan no namaenoyurai|trans-title=Origin of the name Mt. Fuji|language=ja|date=May 31, 2008 |access-date=December 23, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531001107/http://www.city.fujinomiya.shizuoka.jp/e-museum/fujiyama/furufuji4.htm |archive-date=May 31, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://tisen.jp/tisenwiki/index.php?%C9%D9%BB%CE%BB%B3 |script-title=ja:富士山|title=Fujisan|trans-title=Mt. Fuji|language=ja|website=Chisen Wiki|date=October 25, 2006 |access-date=December 23, 2010 |archive-date=December 18, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091218185331/http://tisen.jp/tisenwiki/index.php?%C9%D9%BB%CE%BB%B3 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www5f.biglobe.ne.jp/~genn/sub5.html |script-title=ja:地名・富士山の意味|title=Chimei Fujisan no imi|trans-title=Meaning of place name Mt. Fuji|language=ja|date=June 3, 2008 |access-date=December 23, 2010 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20080603055732/http://www5f.biglobe.ne.jp/~genn/sub5.html |archive-date=June 3, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~hi5k-stu/aynu/huji.htm |script-title=ja:富士山アイヌ語語源説について|title=Fujisan ainukotoba gogen-setsu ni tsuite|trans-title=About the etymology of the Ainu language of Mt. Fuji|language=ja|publisher=Asahi-net.or.jp |access-date=December 23, 2010 |archive-date=July 22, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722120652/http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~hi5k-stu/aynu/huji.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
 [[File:Aerial panorama of Mount Fuji from Lake Saiko. June 2023.jpg|thumb|Aerial panorama of Mount Fuji from Lake Saiko, June 2023]]
 [[File:Aerial panorama of Mount Fuji with Saiko Iyashi-no-Sato Nenba in the foreground. June 2023.jpg|thumb|Aerial panorama of Mount Fuji with Saiko Iyashi-no-Sato Nenba in the foreground, June 2023]]
-Modern linguist [[Alexander Vovin]] proposes an alternative hypothesis based on Old Japanese reading {{IPA|*/puⁿzi/}}: the word may have been borrowed from [[Eastern Old Japanese]] {{IPA|*/pu nusi/}} 火主, meaning "fire master".<ref>{{cite book |chapter=On the Etymology of the Name of Mt. Fuji |title=Studies in Japanese and Korean Historical and Theoretical Linguistics and Beyond|last=Vovin|first=Alexander|author-link=Alexander Vovin|editor-last1=Vovin|editor-first1=Alexander|editor-last2=McClure|editor-first2=William|doi=10.1163/9789004351134_010 |chapter-url=https://brill.com/view/book/9789004351134/B9789004351134_010.xml |series=Languages of Asia |volume=16 |date=2017-01-01 |publisher=Brill |pages=80–89 |isbn=9789004351134 |access-date=November 15, 2023}}</ref>
+[[Alexander Vovin|Vovin]] proposed an alternative hypothesis based on Old Japanese reading {{IPA|*/puⁿzi/}}: the word may have been borrowed from [[Eastern Old Japanese]] {{IPA|*/pu nusi/}} 火主, meaning "fire master".<ref>{{cite book |chapter=On the Etymology of the Name of Mt. Fuji |title=Studies in Japanese and Korean Historical and Theoretical Linguistics and Beyond|last=Vovin|first=Alexander|author-link=Alexander Vovin|editor-last1=Vovin|editor-first1=Alexander|editor-last2=McClure|editor-first2=William|doi=10.1163/9789004351134_010 |chapter-url=https://brill.com/view/book/9789004351134/B9789004351134_010.xml |series=Languages of Asia |volume=16 |date=2017-01-01 |publisher=Brill |pages=80–89 |isbn=9789004351134 |access-date=November 15, 2023}}</ref>
 === Variations ===
-In English, the mountain is known as Mount Fuji. Some sources refer to it as "Fuji-san", "Fujiyama" or, redundantly, "Mt. Fujiyama". Japanese speakers refer to the mountain as "Fuji-san". This "san" is not the [[-san|honorific suffix]] used with people's names, such as Watanabe-san, but the [[On reading|Sino-Japanese reading]] of the character {{nihongo||山|yama|"mountain"}} used in [[Sino-Japanese vocabulary|Sino-Japanese]] compounds. In [[Nihon-shiki romanization|Nihon-shiki]] and [[Kunrei-shiki romanization]], the name is transliterated as ''Huzi''.
+In English, the mountain is known as Mount Fuji. Some sources refer to it as "Fuji-san", "Fujiyama" or, redundantly, "Mt. Fujiyama". Japanese speakers refer to the mountain as "Fuji-san". This "san" is not the [[-san|honorific suffix]] used with people's names, but the [[On reading|Sino-Japanese reading]] of the character {{nihongo||山|yama|"mountain"}} used in [[Sino-Japanese vocabulary|Sino-Japanese]] compounds. In [[Nihon-shiki romanization|Nihon-shiki]] and [[Kunrei-shiki romanization]], the name is transliterated as ''Huzi''.
-Other Japanese names which have become obsolete or poetic include {{nihongo||ふじの山|Fuji-no-Yama|"the Mountain of Fuji"}}, {{nihongo||ふじの高嶺|Fuji-no-Takane|"the High Peak of Fuji"}}, {{nihongo||芙蓉峰|Fuyō-hō|"the Lotus Peak"}}, and {{nihongo||富岳／富嶽|Fugaku}}, created by combining the first character of {{lang|ja|富士}}, ''Fuji'', and {{lang|ja|岳}}, ''mountain''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dic.yahoo.co.jp/dsearch?p=%E3%83%95%E3%82%B8%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3&enc=UTF-8&stype=0&dtype=0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722101305/http://dic.yahoo.co.jp/dsearch?p=%E3%83%95%E3%82%B8%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3&enc=UTF-8&stype=0&dtype=0 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2011-07-22 |title=Fuji-san |publisher=Daijisen |language=ja}}</ref>
+Other Japanese names that have become obsolete or poetic include {{nihongo||ふじの山|Fuji-no-Yama|"the Mountain of Fuji"}}, {{nihongo||ふじの高嶺|Fuji-no-Takane|"the High Peak of Fuji"}}, {{nihongo||芙蓉峰|Fuyō-hō|"the Lotus Peak"}}, and {{nihongo||富岳／富嶽|Fugaku}}, created by combining the first character of {{lang|ja|富士}}, ''Fuji'', and {{lang|ja|岳}}, ''mountain''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dic.yahoo.co.jp/dsearch?p=%E3%83%95%E3%82%B8%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3&enc=UTF-8&stype=0&dtype=0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722101305/http://dic.yahoo.co.jp/dsearch?p=%E3%83%95%E3%82%B8%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3&enc=UTF-8&stype=0&dtype=0 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2011-07-22 |title=Fuji-san |publisher=Daijisen |language=ja}}</ref>
 == History ==
 [[File:「富嶽三十六景 凱風快晴」-South Wind, Clear Sky (Gaifū kaisei), also known as Red Fuji, from the series Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji (Fugaku sanjūrokkei) MET DP141062.jpg|thumb|left|''[[Fine Wind, Clear Morning]]'' woodblock print by [[Hokusai]], 19th century]]
 [[File:Mount Fuji from Omiya by Kusakabe Kimbei c1890.png|thumb|Mount Fuji from Omiya (now part of [[Fujinomiya, Shizuoka|Fujinomiya]]), {{Circa|1890}}]]
-Mount Fuji is widely regarded to have an attractive [[volcanic cone]]. It has been a frequent subject of [[Japanese art]], especially after 1600, when [[Edo (Tokyo)|Edo]] (now Tokyo) became the capital and people saw the mountain while traveling on the [[Tōkaidō (road)|Tōkaidō]] road. According to the historian [[H. Byron Earhart]], "in medieval times it eventually came to be seen by Japanese as the "number one" mountain of the known world of the three countries of India, China, and Japan".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Earhart|first=H. Byron|author-link=H. Byron Earhart|title=Mount Fuji: Shield of War, Badge of Peace |url=https://apjjf.org/2011/9/20/H.-Byron-Earhart/3528/article.html |date=May 9, 2011 |website=The Asia-Pacific Journal |access-date=November 20, 2020 |archive-date=August 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809182025/https://apjjf.org/2011/9/20/H.-Byron-Earhart/3528/article.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The mountain is mentioned in Japanese literature throughout the ages and is the subject of many poems.<ref>{{Cite tech report|script-title=ja:富士山吉田口登山道関連遺跡|title=Fujisan Yoshidaguchi tozan-dō kanren iseki|trans-title=Mt. Fuji Yoshidaguchi trail related ruins|lang=ja|last=Fuse|first=Mitsutoshi|doi=10.24484/sitereports.6470|date=2003|series=Fujiyoshida City Cultural Properties Investigation Report|publisher=Fujiyoshida City Board of Education|volume=4|doi-access=free}}</ref>
+Mount Fuji is widely regarded to have an attractive [[volcanic cone]]. It has been a frequent subject of [[Japanese art]], especially after 1600, when [[Edo (Tokyo)|Edo]] (now Tokyo) became the capital and people saw the mountain while traveling on the [[Tōkaidō (road)|Tōkaidō]] road. According to historian [[H. Byron Earhart]], "in medieval times it eventually came to be seen by Japanese as the "number one" mountain of the known world of the three countries of India, China, and Japan".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Earhart|first=H. Byron|author-link=H. Byron Earhart|title=Mount Fuji: Shield of War, Badge of Peace |url=https://apjjf.org/2011/9/20/H.-Byron-Earhart/3528/article.html |date=May 9, 2011 |website=The Asia-Pacific Journal |access-date=November 20, 2020 |archive-date=August 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809182025/https://apjjf.org/2011/9/20/H.-Byron-Earhart/3528/article.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The mountain is mentioned in Japanese literature throughout the ages and is the subject of many poems.<ref>{{Cite tech report|script-title=ja:富士山吉田口登山道関連遺跡|title=Fujisan Yoshidaguchi tozan-dō kanren iseki|trans-title=Mt. Fuji Yoshidaguchi trail related ruins|lang=ja|last=Fuse|first=Mitsutoshi|doi=10.24484/sitereports.6470|date=2003|series=Fujiyoshida City Cultural Properties Investigation Report|publisher=Fujiyoshida City Board of Education|volume=4|doi-access=free}}</ref>
-The summit has been thought of as sacred since ancient times, and was therefore forbidden to women. It was not until 1872 that the Japanese government issued an edict (May 4, 1872, Grand Council of State Edict 98) stating, "Any remaining practices of female exclusion on shrine and temple lands shall be immediately abolished, and mountain climbing for worship, etc., shall be permitted."<ref>{{cite journal |title=Envisioning and Observing Women's Exclusion from Sacred Mountains in Japan |last=DeWitt|first=Lindsey E.|journal=Journal of Asian Humanities at Kyushu University |pages=19–28 |date=March 2016|volume=1 |doi=10.5109/1654566 |doi-access=free |s2cid=55419374|s2cid-access=free|hdl=1854/LU-8636481 |hdl-access=free  |issn=2433-4855 }}</ref> Tatsu Takayama, a Japanese woman, became the first woman on record to summit Mount Fuji in the fall of 1832.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2022/07/04/lifestyle/japan-female-mountaineers/|title=Climb every mountain: Japan's female mountaineers scale new heights|last=Budgen|first=Mara|date=July 4, 2022|work=[[The Japan Times]]|access-date=July 7, 2022|url-access=limited|archive-date=July 5, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705060624/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2022/07/04/lifestyle/japan-female-mountaineers/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|script-chapter=ja:高山たつ(たかやま・たつ)とは？ 意味や使い方|chapter=Takayama Tatsu (takaya ma tatsu) to wa? Imi ya tsukaikata|trans-chapter=Who is Tatsu Takayama? Meaning and usage|language=ja|script-title=ja:朝日日本歴史人物事典|title=Asahi Nihon rekishi jinbutsu jiten|trans-title=Asahi Dictionary of Japanese Historical Figures|isbn=9784023400528|year=1994|publisher=[[The Asahi Shimbun Company]]|via=[[Kotobank]]|access-date=November 19, 2023|chapter-url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%AB%98%E5%B1%B1%E3%81%9F%E3%81%A4-1088047}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url={{GBurl|i74TAQAAMAAJ|q=Tatsu}}|title=Intersect|volume=9–10|page=39|publisher=PHP Institute|year=1993}}</ref>
+The summit has been thought of as sacred since ancient times, and was therefore forbidden to women. In 1872 the Japanese government issued an edict (May 4, 1872, Grand Council of State Edict 98) stating, "Any remaining practices of female exclusion on shrine and temple lands shall be immediately abolished, and mountain climbing for worship, etc., shall be permitted."<ref>{{cite journal |title=Envisioning and Observing Women's Exclusion from Sacred Mountains in Japan |last=DeWitt|first=Lindsey E.|journal=Journal of Asian Humanities at Kyushu University |pages=19–28 |date=March 2016|volume=1 |doi=10.5109/1654566 |doi-access=free |s2cid=55419374|s2cid-access=free|hdl=1854/LU-8636481 |hdl-access=free  |issn=2433-4855 }}</ref> Tatsu Takayama was the first woman on record to summit Mount Fuji in the fall of 1832.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2022/07/04/lifestyle/japan-female-mountaineers/|title=Climb every mountain: Japan's female mountaineers scale new heights|last=Budgen|first=Mara|date=July 4, 2022|work=[[The Japan Times]]|access-date=July 7, 2022|url-access=limited|archive-date=July 5, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705060624/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2022/07/04/lifestyle/japan-female-mountaineers/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|script-chapter=ja:高山たつ(たかやま・たつ)とは？ 意味や使い方|chapter=Takayama Tatsu (takaya ma tatsu) to wa? Imi ya tsukaikata|trans-chapter=Who is Tatsu Takayama? Meaning and usage|language=ja|script-title=ja:朝日日本歴史人物事典|title=Asahi Nihon rekishi jinbutsu jiten|trans-title=Asahi Dictionary of Japanese Historical Figures|isbn=9784023400528|year=1994|publisher=[[The Asahi Shimbun Company]]|via=[[Kotobank]]|access-date=November 19, 2023|chapter-url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%AB%98%E5%B1%B1%E3%81%9F%E3%81%A4-1088047}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url={{GBurl|i74TAQAAMAAJ|q=Tatsu}}|title=Intersect|volume=9–10|page=39|publisher=PHP Institute|year=1993}}</ref>
 Ancient samurai used the base of the mountain as a remote training area, near the present-day town of [[Gotemba, Shizuoka|Gotemba]]. The ''[[shōgun]]'' [[Minamoto no Yoritomo]] held ''[[yabusame]]'' archery contests in the area in the early [[Kamakura period]].
-The first ascent by a foreigner was by Sir [[Rutherford Alcock]] in September 1860, who ascended the mountain in 8 hours and descended in 3 hours.<ref name = alcock>{{cite book |author-link=Rutherford Alcock |first=Rutherford |last=Alcock |year=1863 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=79QMAAAAIAAJ&q=alcock+Tycoon |title=The Capital of the Tycoon: A Narrative of Three Years Residence in Japan |volume=I |location=London |publisher=[[Longman|Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green]] |access-date=November 18, 2020 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305232656/https://books.google.com/books?id=79QMAAAAIAAJ&q=alcock+Tycoon |url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|427}} Alcock's brief narrative in ''The Capital of the Tycoon'' was the first widely disseminated description of the mountain in the West.<ref name = alcock />{{rp|421–27}} Lady Fanny Parkes, the wife of British ambassador Sir [[Harry Smith Parkes|Harry Parkes]], was the first non-Japanese woman to ascend Mount Fuji, in 1867.<ref>{{cite web |title=#259, Lilian Hope Parkes |url=https://family-tree.cobboldfht.com/people/view/259 |website=The Cobbold Family History Trust |access-date=1 February 2020 |archive-date=February 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201140923/https://family-tree.cobboldfht.com/people/view/259 |url-status=live }}</ref> Photographer [[Felix Beato]] climbed Mount Fuji two years later.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Tucker|first1=Anne|author1-link=Anne Tucker|last2=Iizawa|first2=Kōtarō|author2-link=Kōtarō Iizawa|last3=Friis-Hansen|first3=Dana|last4=Ryuichi|first4=Kaneko|last5=Kinoshita|first5=Naoyuki|last6=Joe|first6=Takeba|last7=Museum of Fine Arts, Houston|last8=Kokusai Kaoryau Kikin Staff|editor1-last=Tucker|editor1-first=Anne|editor2-last=Iizawa|editor2-first=Kōtarō|editor3-last=Junkerman|editor3-first=John|editor4-last=Masayuki|editor4-first=Kuriyama|editor5-last=Maya|editor5-first=Ishiwata|editor6-last=Museum of Fine Arts, Houston|editor7-last=Rie|editor7-first=Imai|editor8-last=Cleveland Museum of Art|translator-last=Junkerman|translator-first=John|year=2003|title=The History of Japanese Photography|page=30|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|isbn=978-0-300-09925-6}}</ref>
+The first ascent by a foreigner was by Sir [[Rutherford Alcock]] in September 1860, who ascended the mountain in 8 hours and descended in 3 hours.<ref name = alcock>{{cite book |author-link=Rutherford Alcock |first=Rutherford |last=Alcock |year=1863 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=79QMAAAAIAAJ&q=alcock+Tycoon |title=The Capital of the Tycoon: A Narrative of Three Years Residence in Japan |volume=I |location=London |publisher=[[Longman|Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green]] |access-date=November 18, 2020 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305232656/https://books.google.com/books?id=79QMAAAAIAAJ&q=alcock+Tycoon |url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|427}} Alcock's brief narrative in ''The Capital of the Tycoon'' was the first widely disseminated description of the mountain in the West.<ref name = alcock />{{rp|421–27}} Lady Fanny Parkes, the wife of British ambassador Sir [[Harry Smith Parkes|Harry Parkes]], was the first non-Japanese woman to summit, in 1867.<ref>{{cite web |title=#259, Lilian Hope Parkes |url=https://family-tree.cobboldfht.com/people/view/259 |website=The Cobbold Family History Trust |access-date=1 February 2020 |archive-date=February 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201140923/https://family-tree.cobboldfht.com/people/view/259 |url-status=live }}</ref> Photographer [[Felix Beato]] climbed Mount Fuji two years later.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Tucker|first1=Anne|author1-link=Anne Tucker|last2=Iizawa|first2=Kōtarō|author2-link=Kōtarō Iizawa|last3=Friis-Hansen|first3=Dana|last4=Ryuichi|first4=Kaneko|last5=Kinoshita|first5=Naoyuki|last6=Joe|first6=Takeba|last7=Museum of Fine Arts, Houston|last8=Kokusai Kaoryau Kikin Staff|editor1-last=Tucker|editor1-first=Anne|editor2-last=Iizawa|editor2-first=Kōtarō|editor3-last=Junkerman|editor3-first=John|editor4-last=Masayuki|editor4-first=Kuriyama|editor5-last=Maya|editor5-first=Ishiwata|editor6-last=Museum of Fine Arts, Houston|editor7-last=Rie|editor7-first=Imai|editor8-last=Cleveland Museum of Art|translator-last=Junkerman|translator-first=John|year=2003|title=The History of Japanese Photography|page=30|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|isbn=978-0-300-09925-6}}</ref>
-On March 5, 1966, [[BOAC Flight 911]], a [[Boeing 707]], broke up in flight and crashed near the Mount Fuji Gotemba New fifth station, shortly after departure from [[Haneda Airport|Tokyo International Airport]]. All 113 passengers and 11 crew members died in the disaster, which was attributed to the extreme [[clear-air turbulence]] caused by [[lee wave]]s downwind of the mountain. There is a memorial for the crash victims a short distance down from the Gotemba New Fifth Station.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19660305-1 |title=ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 707-436 G-APFE Mount Fuji |website=[[Aviation Safety Network]]|publisher=[[Flight Safety Foundation]]|access-date=August 14, 2008 |archive-date=October 28, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028052327/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19660305-1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
+On March 5, 1966, [[BOAC Flight 911]], a [[Boeing 707]], broke up in flight and crashed near the Mount Fuji Gotemba New fifth station, shortly after departure. All 113 passengers and 11 crew members died, which was attributed to [[clear-air turbulence]] caused by [[lee wave]]s downwind of the mountain. A memorial for the crash victims sits near Gotemba New Fifth Station.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19660305-1 |title=ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 707-436 G-APFE Mount Fuji |website=[[Aviation Safety Network]]|publisher=[[Flight Safety Foundation]]|access-date=August 14, 2008 |archive-date=October 28, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028052327/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19660305-1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
-Today, Mount Fuji is an international destination for tourism and [[Mountaineering|mountain climbing]].<ref name="climbing">{{cite web |url=http://www.ibarakijets.org/guides/fujiguide.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327032252/http://www.ibarakijets.org/guides/fujiguide.pdf |archive-date=March 27, 2009 |title=Climbing Mount Fuji? route maps |pages=4–5 |access-date=December 23, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.christmaswhistler.web44.net/adventure/mtFuji.html |title=Climbing Mt. Fuji travel log |publisher=ChristmasWhistler |date=June 30, 2002 |access-date=April 6, 2013 |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305035316/http://www.christmaswhistler.web44.net/adventure/mtFuji.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> In the early 20th century, populist educator [[Frederick Starr]]'s [[Chautauqua]] lectures about his several ascents of Mount Fuji— in 1913, 1919, and 1923—were widely known in America.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F00911F73D5D15738DDDA80894D8415B838EF1D3&scp=1242&sq=frederick+starr&st=p |title=Starr Tells of Escape: American Scientist Found Refuge in a Tokio Temple |work=[[The New York Times]] |location=New York |date=October 1, 1923 |access-date=August 19, 2008 |archive-date=December 20, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220155454/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F00911F73D5D15738DDDA80894D8415B838EF1D3&scp=1242&sq=frederick+starr&st=p |url-status=live|page=3|url-access=limited}}</ref> A well-known Japanese saying suggests that a wise person will climb Mt. Fuji once in their lifetime, but only a fool would climb it twice.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tuckerman |first=Mike |url=http://www.japanvisitor.com/index.php?cID=357&pID=1529 |title=Climbing Mount Fuji |website=JapanVisitor |access-date=August 19, 2008 |archive-date=September 29, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929013036/http://www.japanvisitor.com/index.php?cID=357&pID=1529 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Bremmer |first=Brian |url=http://www.businessweek.com/1997/37/b3544146.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130118165211/http://www.businessweek.com/1997/37/b3544146.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 18, 2013 |title=Mastering Mt. Fuji |work=[[Business Week]] |date=September 15, 1997}}</ref> It remains a popular symbol in Japanese culture, including making numerous movie appearances,<ref>{{Cite AV media|script-title=ja:血槍富士|title=Chiyarifuji|trans-title=[[Bloody Spear at Mount Fuji]]|lang=ja|date=1955 |last=Uchida |first=Tomu |author-link=Tomu Uchida}}</ref> inspiring the [[Infiniti]] logo,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cases.lippincott-margulies.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects/LMCases.woa/wa/viewcaseid?1000509 |publisher=[[Lippincott (brand consultancy)|Lippincott Mercer]]|title=Launching Infiniti |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061030092013/http://cases.lippincott-margulies.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects/LMCases.woa/wa/viewcaseid?1000509 |archive-date=October 30, 2006}}</ref> and even appearing in medicine with the [[Pneumocephalus|Mount Fuji sign]].<ref name="pmid10987907">{{cite journal |last=Sadeghian|first=Hamid|title=Mount Fuji Sign in Tension Pneumocephalus|journal=Archives of Neurology |volume=57 |issue=9 |page=1366 |date=September 2000 |pmid=10987907 |doi=10.1001/archneur.57.9.1366}}</ref><ref name="pmid15115834">{{cite journal |last1=Heckmann|first1=Josef G.|last2=Ganslandt|first2=Oliver|title=Images in clinical medicine. The Mount Fuji sign |journal=[[The New England Journal of Medicine]] |volume=350 |issue=18 |page=1881 |date=April 2004 |pmid=15115834 |doi=10.1056/NEJMicm020479}}</ref>
+Today, Mount Fuji is an international destination for tourism and [[Mountaineering|mountain climbing]].<ref name="climbing">{{cite web |url=http://www.ibarakijets.org/guides/fujiguide.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327032252/http://www.ibarakijets.org/guides/fujiguide.pdf |archive-date=March 27, 2009 |title=Climbing Mount Fuji? route maps |pages=4–5 |access-date=December 23, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.christmaswhistler.web44.net/adventure/mtFuji.html |title=Climbing Mt. Fuji travel log |publisher=ChristmasWhistler |date=June 30, 2002 |access-date=April 6, 2013 |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305035316/http://www.christmaswhistler.web44.net/adventure/mtFuji.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> In the early 20th century, populist educator [[Frederick Starr]]'s [[Chautauqua]] lectures about his ascents of Mount Fuji were widely known in America.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F00911F73D5D15738DDDA80894D8415B838EF1D3&scp=1242&sq=frederick+starr&st=p |title=Starr Tells of Escape: American Scientist Found Refuge in a Tokio Temple |work=[[The New York Times]] |location=New York |date=October 1, 1923 |access-date=August 19, 2008 |archive-date=December 20, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220155454/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F00911F73D5D15738DDDA80894D8415B838EF1D3&scp=1242&sq=frederick+starr&st=p |url-status=live|page=3|url-access=limited}}</ref> A Japanese saying suggests that a wise person will climb Mt. Fuji once in their lifetime, but only a fool would climb it twice.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tuckerman |first=Mike |url=http://www.japanvisitor.com/index.php?cID=357&pID=1529 |title=Climbing Mount Fuji |website=JapanVisitor |access-date=August 19, 2008 |archive-date=September 29, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929013036/http://www.japanvisitor.com/index.php?cID=357&pID=1529 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Bremmer |first=Brian |url=http://www.businessweek.com/1997/37/b3544146.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130118165211/http://www.businessweek.com/1997/37/b3544146.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 18, 2013 |title=Mastering Mt. Fuji |work=[[Business Week]] |date=September 15, 1997}}</ref> It remains a popular symbol in Japanese culture, including making numerous movie appearances,<ref>{{Cite AV media|script-title=ja:血槍富士|title=Chiyarifuji|trans-title=[[Bloody Spear at Mount Fuji]]|lang=ja|date=1955 |last=Uchida |first=Tomu |author-link=Tomu Uchida}}</ref> inspiring the [[Infiniti]] logo,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cases.lippincott-margulies.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects/LMCases.woa/wa/viewcaseid?1000509 |publisher=[[Lippincott (brand consultancy)|Lippincott Mercer]]|title=Launching Infiniti |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061030092013/http://cases.lippincott-margulies.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects/LMCases.woa/wa/viewcaseid?1000509 |archive-date=October 30, 2006}}</ref> and appearing in medicine with the [[Pneumocephalus|Mount Fuji sign]].<ref name="pmid10987907">{{cite journal |last=Sadeghian|first=Hamid|title=Mount Fuji Sign in Tension Pneumocephalus|journal=Archives of Neurology |volume=57 |issue=9 |page=1366 |date=September 2000 |pmid=10987907 |doi=10.1001/archneur.57.9.1366}}</ref><ref name="pmid15115834">{{cite journal |last1=Heckmann|first1=Josef G.|last2=Ganslandt|first2=Oliver|title=Images in clinical medicine. The Mount Fuji sign |journal=[[The New England Journal of Medicine]] |volume=350 |issue=18 |page=1881 |date=April 2004 |pmid=15115834 |doi=10.1056/NEJMicm020479}}</ref>
-In September 2004, the staffed weather station at the summit was closed after 72 years in operation. Observers monitored radar sweeps that detected typhoons and heavy rains. The station, which was the highest in Japan at {{cvt|3780|m|0}}, was replaced by a fully automated meteorological system.<ref name=upi_2004/>
+In September 2004, the staffed weather station at the summit was closed after 72 years in operation. Observers monitored radar sweeps that detected typhoons and heavy rains. The station, which was the highest in Japan at {{cvt|3780|m|0}}, was replaced by an automated system.<ref name=upi_2004/>
 Mount Fuji was added to the [[List of World Heritage Sites in Japan|World Heritage List]] as a Cultural Site on June 22, 2013.<ref name="channelnewsasia.com" />
@@ Line 100: / Line 103: @@
 [[File:Mt_Fuji_NASA_ISS002-E-6971_large.jpg|thumb|right|Fuji in early summer seen from the [[International Space Station]] (May 2001)]]
-Mount Fuji is a very distinctive feature of the [[geography of Japan]]. It stands {{cvt|3776.24|m|ft|0}} tall and is located near the Pacific coast of central [[Honshu]], just southwest of [[Tokyo]]. It straddles the boundary of [[Shizuoka Prefecture|Shizuoka]] and [[Yamanashi Prefecture|Yamanashi]] [[Prefectures of Japan|prefectures]]. Four small cities surround it - [[Gotemba, Shizuoka|Gotemba]] to the east, [[Fujiyoshida]] to the north, [[Fujinomiya, Shizuoka|Fujinomiya]] to the southwest, and [[Fuji, Shizuoka|Fuji]] to the south - as well as several towns and villages in the area. It is surrounded by [[Fuji Five Lakes|five lakes]]: [[Lake Kawaguchi]], [[Lake Yamanaka]], [[Saiko Lake|Lake Sai]], [[Lake Motosu]] and [[Lake Shōji]].<ref name="gvp">{{cite gvp |vn=283030 |title=Fujisan}}</ref> They, and nearby [[Lake Ashi]] in [[Kanagawa Prefecture]], provide expansive views of the mountain. The mountain is part of the [[Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park]]. It can be seen more distantly from Yokohama, Tokyo, and sometimes as far as [[Chiba (city)|Chiba]], [[Saitama (city)|Saitama]], [[Tochigi, Tochigi|Tochigi]], [[Ibaraki, Ibaraki|Ibaraki]] and [[Lake Hamana]] when the sky is clear. It has been photographed from space during a space shuttle mission.<ref name="sts-107">{{cite web |url=http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/shuttle/sts-107/html/s107e05690.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030210234251/http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/shuttle/sts-107/html/s107e05690.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 10, 2003 |title=STS-107 Shuttle Mission Imagery |publisher=[[NASA]] |date=January 26, 2003 |access-date=December 16, 2012}}</ref>
+Mount Fuji is a distinctive feature of the [[geography of Japan]]. It stands {{cvt|3776.24|m|ft|0}} tall and is located near the Pacific coast of central [[Honshu]], just southwest of [[Tokyo]]. It straddles the boundary of [[Shizuoka Prefecture|Shizuoka]] and [[Yamanashi Prefecture|Yamanashi]] [[Prefectures of Japan|prefectures]]. Four small cities surround it - [[Gotemba, Shizuoka|Gotemba]] to the east, [[Fujiyoshida]] to the north, [[Fujinomiya, Shizuoka|Fujinomiya]] to the southwest, and [[Fuji, Shizuoka|Fuji]] to the south - accompanied by towns and villages. It is surrounded by [[Fuji Five Lakes|five lakes]]: [[Lake Kawaguchi]], [[Lake Yamanaka]], [[Saiko Lake|Lake Sai]], [[Lake Motosu]] and [[Lake Shōji]].<ref name="gvp">{{cite gvp |vn=283030 |title=Fujisan}}</ref> They, and nearby [[Lake Ashi]] in [[Kanagawa Prefecture]], provide views. The mountain is part of [[Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park]]. It can be seen more distantly from Yokohama, Tokyo, and sometimes as far as [[Chiba (city)|Chiba]], [[Saitama (city)|Saitama]], [[Tochigi, Tochigi|Tochigi]], [[Ibaraki, Ibaraki|Ibaraki]] and [[Lake Hamana]] under skies. It was photographed from space during a [[Space Shuttle|space shuttle]] mission.<ref name="sts-107">{{cite web |url=http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/shuttle/sts-107/html/s107e05690.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030210234251/http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/shuttle/sts-107/html/s107e05690.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 10, 2003 |title=STS-107 Shuttle Mission Imagery |publisher=[[NASA]] |date=January 26, 2003 |access-date=December 16, 2012}}</ref>
 === Climate ===
-The summit of Mount Fuji has a [[tundra]] climate ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''ET''). The temperature is very low at high altitude, and the cone is covered by snow for several months of the year. The lowest recorded temperature is {{cvt|−38.0|C|F}} recorded in February 1981, and the highest temperature was {{cvt|17.8|C|F}} recorded in August 1942.
+The summit has a [[tundra]] climate ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''ET''). The temperature is low at high altitude, and the cone is covered by snow for several months of the year. The lowest recorded temperature is {{cvt|−38.0|C|F}} recorded in February 1981, and the highest temperature was {{cvt|17.8|C|F}} recorded in August 1942.
-Fuji's seasonal snowcap begins at an average date of 2 October. In 2024, the snowcap formed on 6 November, the latest-occurring since records began in 1894.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-06 |title=Snow seen on Mount Fuji after record absence |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/east-asia/japan-mount-fuji-snow-weather-climate-change-4727291 |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=CNA |language=en}}</ref>
+Fuji's seasonal snowcap appears at an average date of 2 October. In 2024, the snowcap formed on 6 November, the latest-occurring since records began in 1894.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-06 |title=Snow seen on Mount Fuji after record absence |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/east-asia/japan-mount-fuji-snow-weather-climate-change-4727291 |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=CNA |language=en}}</ref>
 {{Weather box
@@ Line 205: / Line 208: @@
 [[File:Geologycal cross-section of Fuji.png|upright=1.45|thumb|Geological cross-section of Fuji volcano. [[Key (map)|Key]]: N<sub>2</sub> = [[Tertiary (period)|Tertiary]] [[sedimentary rock]]s; αN<sub>2</sub> = Tertiary volcanic rocks; αQ<sub>1</sub> = [[Komitake volcano]]; α-δQ<sub>1</sub> = [[Ashitaka volcano]]; βQ<sub>2</sub> = Older Fuji volcano; αβQ<sub>2</sub> = Younger Fuji volcano.<ref name="VRC_ERI">{{cite web |url=http://www.eri.u-tokyo.ac.jp/VRC/vrc/others/fujigeol.html |title=Geology of Fuji Volcano |publisher=Hokkaido National Agricultural Experiment Station|via=Volcano Research Center, Earthquake Research Institute (ERI), University of Tokyo|access-date=November 17, 2023|last=Miyaji|first=Naomichi|archive-date=January 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116061501/http://www.eri.u-tokyo.ac.jp/VRC/vrc/others/fujigeol.html |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
-Mount Fuji is located at a [[triple junction]] [[Oceanic trench|trench]] where the [[Amurian Plate]], [[Okhotsk Plate]], and [[Philippine Sea Plate]] meet.<ref name=MooresTwiss1995>{{cite book |last1=Moores |first1=Eldridge M. |last2=Twiss |first2=Robert J. |title=Tectonics |date=2014 |publisher=Waveland Press |isbn=978-1-4786-2199-7 |page=208}}</ref><ref name=NatGeogFuji>{{cite web |title=Mount Fuji |date=December 6, 2011 |publisher=[[National Geographic Society]] |access-date=18 May 2018 |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.org/media/mount-fuji/ |archive-date=June 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143949/https://www.nationalgeographic.org/media/mount-fuji/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> These three plates form the western part of Japan, the eastern part of Japan, and the [[Izu Peninsula]] respectively.<ref name=Piotr/> The [[Pacific Plate]] is being [[subducted]] beneath these plates, resulting in volcanic activity. Mount Fuji is also located near three [[island arc]]s: the [[Southwestern Japan Arc]], the [[Northeastern Japan Arc]], and the [[Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc|Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc]].<ref name=Piotr>{{cite book |last1=Oguchi |first1=Takashi |last2=Oguchi |first2=Chiaki |editor1-last=Migon |editor1-first=Piotr |chapter=Mt. Fuji: The Beauty of a Symmetric Stratovolcano|title=Geomorphological Landscapes of the World |date=2010 |publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]|isbn=9789048130542 |pages=303–309}}</ref> The Fuji triple junction is only {{convert|400|km}} from the [[Boso triple junction]].
+Mount Fuji is located at a [[triple junction]] [[Oceanic trench|trench]] where the [[ Eurasian Plate]], [[North American Plate]], and [[Philippine Sea Plate]] meet.<ref name=MooresTwiss1995>{{cite book |last1=Moores |first1=Eldridge M. |last2=Twiss |first2=Robert J. |title=Tectonics |date=2014 |publisher=Waveland Press |isbn=978-1-4786-2199-7 |page=208}}</ref><ref name=NatGeogFuji>{{cite web |title=Mount Fuji |date=December 6, 2011 |publisher=[[National Geographic Society]] |access-date=18 May 2018 |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.org/media/mount-fuji/ |archive-date=June 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143949/https://www.nationalgeographic.org/media/mount-fuji/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> These three plates form the western part of Japan, the eastern part of Japan, and the [[Izu Peninsula]] respectively.<ref name=Piotr/> The [[Pacific Plate]] is [[subducted|subducting]] beneath these plates, resulting in volcanic activity. Mount Fuji is located near three [[island arc]]s: the [[Southwestern Japan Arc]], the [[Northeastern Japan Arc]], and the [[Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc|Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc]].<ref name=Piotr>{{cite book |last1=Oguchi |first1=Takashi |last2=Oguchi |first2=Chiaki |editor1-last=Migon |editor1-first=Piotr |chapter=Mt. Fuji: The Beauty of a Symmetric Stratovolcano|title=Geomorphological Landscapes of the World |date=2010 |publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]|isbn=9789048130542 |pages=303–309}}</ref> The Fuji triple junction is only {{convert|400|km}} from the [[Boso triple junction]].
 Fuji's main crater is {{cvt|780|m}} in diameter and {{cvt|240|m}} deep. The bottom of the crater is {{cvt|100|-|130|m}} in diameter. Slope angles from the crater to a distance of {{cvt|1.5|–|2|km}} are 31°–35°, the [[angle of repose]] for dry gravel. Beyond this distance, slope angles are about 27°, which is caused by an increase in [[scoria]]. Mid-flank slope angles decrease from 23° to less than 10° in the [[foothills|piedmont]].<ref name=Piotr/>
 [[File:Hasshinpo of Mt.Fuji 40.jpg|thumb|[[Volcanic crater|Crater]] with the [[Eight Sacred Peaks]] (''Hasshin-po'')]]
-Scientists have identified four distinct phases of volcanic activity in the formation of Mount Fuji. The first phase, called ''Sen-komitake'', is composed of an [[andesite]] core recently discovered deep within the mountain. ''Sen-komitake'' was followed by the "''Komitake'' Fuji", a [[basalt]] layer believed to have formed several hundred thousand years ago. Approximately 100,000&nbsp;years ago, "Old Fuji" was formed over the top of ''Komitake'' Fuji. The modern, "New Fuji" is believed to have formed over the top of Old Fuji around 10,000&nbsp;years ago.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2004/04/04/national/third-ancient-volcano-discovered-deep-inside-fuji/|title=Third ancient volcano discovered within Mount Fuji |work=[[Japan Times]] |date=April 4, 2004|access-date=November 17, 2023|archive-date=March 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311111128/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2004/04/04/national/third-ancient-volcano-discovered-deep-inside-fuji/#.Ux7vYXbP32c|url-status=live}}</ref>
+Scientists have identified four distinct phases of volcanic activity in the formation of Mount Fuji. The first phase, called ''Sen-komitake'', is composed of an [[andesite]] core deep within the mountain, discovered in 2004. ''Sen-komitake'' was followed by the "''Komitake'' Fuji", a [[basalt]] layer believed to have formed several hundred thousand years ago. Approximately 100,000&nbsp;years ago, "Old Fuji" was formed over the top of ''Komitake'' Fuji. The modern, "New Fuji" is believed to have formed over the top of Old Fuji around 10,000&nbsp;years ago.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2004/04/04/national/third-ancient-volcano-discovered-deep-inside-fuji/|title=Third ancient volcano discovered within Mount Fuji |work=[[Japan Times]] |date=April 4, 2004|access-date=November 17, 2023|archive-date=March 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311111128/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2004/04/04/national/third-ancient-volcano-discovered-deep-inside-fuji/#.Ux7vYXbP32c|url-status=live}}</ref>
-Pre-Komitake started erupting in the [[Middle Pleistocene]] in an area {{cvt|7|km|mi|frac=2|spell=in}} north of Mount Fuji. After a relatively short pause, eruptions began again, which formed Komitake Volcano in the same location. These eruptions ended 100,000 years ago. Ashitaka Volcano was active from 400,000 to 100,000 years ago and is located {{cvt|20|km}} southeast of Mount Fuji. Mount Fuji started erupting 100,000 years ago, with Ko-Fuji (old-Fuji) forming 100,000 to 17,000 years ago, but it is now almost completely buried. A large [[volcanic landslide|landslide]] on the southwest flank occurred about 18,000 years ago. Shin-Fuji (new-Fuji) eruptions in the form of [[lava]], [[lapilli]], and [[volcanic ash]] have occurred between 17,000 and 8,000 years ago, between 7,000 and 3,500 years ago, and between 4,000 and 2,000 years ago. Flank eruptions, mostly in the form of parasitic [[cinder cone]]s, ceased in 1707. The largest cone, [[Mount Ōmuro (Mount Fuji)|Omuro-Yama]], is one of more than 100 cones aligned NW-SE and NE-SW through the summit. Mt. Fuji also has more than 70 [[lava tunnel]]s and extensive lava tree molds. Two large landslides are at the head of the Yoshida-Osawa and Osawa-Kuzure valleys.<ref name=Piotr/>
+Pre-Komitake started erupting in the [[Middle Pleistocene]] in an area {{cvt|7|km|mi|frac=2|spell=in}} north of Mount Fuji. After a relatively short pause, eruptions began again, which formed Komitake Volcano. These eruptions ended 100,000 years ago. Ashitaka Volcano was active from 400,000 to 100,000 years ago and is located {{cvt|20|km}} southeast of Mount Fuji. Mount Fuji started erupting 100,000 years ago, with Ko-Fuji (old-Fuji) forming 100,000 to 17,000 years ago, but it is now almost completely buried. A large [[volcanic landslide|landslide]] on the southwest flank occurred about 18,000 years ago. Shin-Fuji (new-Fuji) eruptions in the form of [[lava]], [[lapilli]], and [[volcanic ash]] have occurred between 17,000 and 8,000 years ago, between 7,000 and 3,500 years ago, and between 4,000 and 2,000 years ago. Flank eruptions, mostly in the form of parasitic [[cinder cone]]s, ceased in 1707. The largest cone, [[Mount Ōmuro (Mount Fuji)|Omuro-Yama]], is one of more than 100 cones aligned NW-SE and NE-SW through the summit. Mt. Fuji also has more than 70 [[lava tunnel]]s and extensive lava tree molds. Two large landslides are at the head of the Yoshida-Osawa and Osawa-Kuzure valleys.<ref name=Piotr/>
-{{As of|2002|12}}, the volcano is classified as active with a low risk of eruption. The last recorded eruption was the [[Hōei eruption]] which started on December 16, 1707 (''[[Hōei]] 4, 23rd day of the 11th month''), and ended about January 1, 1708 (''Hōei 4, 9th day of the 12th month'').<ref name="1707 eruption"/> The eruption formed a new [[Volcanic crater|crater]] and a second peak, named [[Mount Hōei]], halfway down its southeastern side. Fuji spewed cinders and ash which simulated rainfall in [[Izu Province|Izu]], [[Kai Province|Kai]], [[Sagami Province|Sagami]], and [[Musashi Province|Musashi]].<ref>{{cite book|author-link=Hayashi Gahō|last=Gahō|first=Hayashi|orig-year=Originally published 1652|title=[[Nihon Ōdai Ichiran|Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon]]|trans-title=Nipon o daï itsi ran; or, Annals of the Emperors of Japan|language=fr|translator-last=Titsingh|translator-first=Isaac|translator-link=Isaac Titsingh|editor-last=von Klaproth|editor-first=Julius|year=1834|location=Paris |publisher=[[Royal Asiatic Society|Oriental Translation Society of Great Britain and Ireland]]|page=416}}
+{{As of|2002|12}}, the volcano was classified as active with a low risk of eruption. The last recorded eruption was the [[Hōei eruption]] which started on December 16, 1707 (''[[Hōei]] 4, 23rd day of the 11th month''), and ended about January 1, 1708 (''Hōei 4, 9th day of the 12th month'').<ref name="1707 eruption"/> The eruption formed a new [[Volcanic crater|crater]] and a second peak, named [[Mount Hōei]], halfway down its southeastern side. Fuji spewed cinders and ash that resembled rainfall in [[Izu Province|Izu]], [[Kai Province|Kai]], [[Sagami Province|Sagami]], and [[Musashi Province|Musashi]].<ref>{{cite book|author-link=Hayashi Gahō|last=Gahō|first=Hayashi|orig-year=Originally published 1652|title=[[Nihon Ōdai Ichiran|Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon]]|trans-title=Nipon o daï itsi ran; or, Annals of the Emperors of Japan|language=fr|translator-last=Titsingh|translator-first=Isaac|translator-link=Isaac Titsingh|editor-last=von Klaproth|editor-first=Julius|year=1834|location=Paris |publisher=[[Royal Asiatic Society|Oriental Translation Society of Great Britain and Ireland]]|page=416}}
-</ref> Since then, there have been no signs of an eruption. On the evening of March 15, 2011 however, there was a [[Richter magnitude scale|magnitude]] 6.2 earthquake at shallow depth a few kilometres from Mount Fuji on its southern side.
+</ref> Since then, no signs of an eruption are recorded. On the evening of March 15, 2011, however, a [[Richter magnitude scale|magnitude]] 6.2 earthquake at shallow depth occurred a few kilometres from Mount Fuji on its southern side.
 === Recorded eruptions ===
-About 11,000 years ago, a large amount of lava began to erupt from the west side of the top of the ancient Fuji mountain. This lava formed the new Fuji, which is the main body of Mount Fuji. Since then, the tops of the ancient Fuji and the new Fuji have been side by side. About 2,500–2,800 years ago, the top part of ancient Fuji was destroyed in a large [[sector collapse]] and only the top of Shin-Fuji remained.
+About 11,000 years ago, a large amount of lava erupted from the west side of the top. This lava formed new Fuji, which is the main body of Mount Fuji. Since then, the tops of ancient Fuji and new Fuji have been side by side. About 2,500–2,800 years ago, the top part of ancient Fuji was destroyed in a large [[sector collapse]] and only the top of Shin-Fuji remained. Ten known eruptions can be traced to reliable records.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sakuya.vulcania.jp/koyama/public_html/Fuji/fujid/0index.html |first=Masato |last=Koyama |publisher=[[Shizuoka University]] |title=Database of eruptions and other activities of Fuji Volcano, Japan, based on historical records since AD781 |language=ja |access-date=2021-07-29 |df=dmy-all |archive-date=May 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507121143/https://sakuya.vulcania.jp/koyama/public_html/Fuji/fujid/0index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://pandoraboss.com/2021/10/08/all-about-mount-fuji/ |title=All about Mount Fuji |language=en |access-date=October 10, 2021 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305232643/https://pandoraboss.com/2021/10/08/all-about-mount-fuji/|url-status=usurped|website=pandoraboss.com}}</ref>
-Ten known eruptions can be traced to reliable records.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sakuya.vulcania.jp/koyama/public_html/Fuji/fujid/0index.html |first=Masato |last=Koyama |publisher=[[Shizuoka University]] |title=Database of eruptions and other activities of Fuji Volcano, Japan, based on historical records since AD781 |language=ja |access-date=2021-07-29 |df=dmy-all |archive-date=May 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507121143/https://sakuya.vulcania.jp/koyama/public_html/Fuji/fujid/0index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://pandoraboss.com/2021/10/08/all-about-mount-fuji/ |title=All about Mount Fuji |language=en |access-date=October 10, 2021 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305232643/https://pandoraboss.com/2021/10/08/all-about-mount-fuji/|url-status=usurped|website=pandoraboss.com}}</ref>
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Date(s) || Notes !! {{Refh}}
 |-
 | July 31, 781
-| The eruption was recorded in the ''[[Shoku Nihongi]]'' and it was noted that "ash fell", but there are no other details.
+| The eruption was recorded in the ''[[Shoku Nihongi]]'', and it was noted that "ash fell", but there are no other details.
 | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://sakuya.vulcania.jp/koyama/public_html/Fuji/fujid/781.html |first=Masato |last=Koyama |publisher=[[Shizuoka University]] |script-title=ja:天応元年（781）噴火|title=Ten'nō gan'nen (781) funka|trans-title=Eruption in the first year of Ten'ō (781)|language=ja |access-date=2021-07-29 |df=dmy-all |archive-date=July 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729153559/https://sakuya.vulcania.jp/koyama/public_html/Fuji/fujid/781.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
 |-
@@ Line 266: / Line 268: @@
 === Current eruptive danger ===
 {{Update section|date=November 2022}}
-Following the [[2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami|2011 Tōhoku earthquake]], there was speculation in the media that the shock may induce volcanic unrest at Mount Fuji. In September 2012, mathematical models created by the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NRIESDP) suggested that the pressure in Mount Fuji's [[magma chamber]] could be 1.6 [[pascal (unit)|megapascals]] higher than it was before its last eruption in 1707. This was interpreted by some media outlets to mean that an eruption of Mount Fuji could be imminent.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/mount-fuji|title=Pressure in Mount Fuji is now higher than last eruption, warn experts |last=Clark |first=Liat |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |date=September 6, 2012 |access-date=November 17, 2023|archive-date=September 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906182958/https://www.wired.co.uk/article/mount-fuji|url-status=live}}</ref> Since there is no known method of directly measuring the pressure of a volcano's magma chamber however, indirect calculations of the type used by NRIESDP are speculative and unverifiable. Other indicators suggestive of heightened eruptive danger, such as active [[fumarole]]s and recently discovered [[fault (geology)|faults]], are typical occurrences at this type of volcano.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.wired.com/2012/09/doom-volcano-research-media/|title=Doooom! The Perception of Volcano Research by the Media |last=Klemetti |first=Erik |magazine=[[Wired magazine|Wired]] |date=September 10, 2012|access-date=November 17, 2023|archive-date=March 25, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325154058/https://www.wired.com/2012/09/doom-volcano-research-media/|url-status=live}}</ref>
+Following the [[2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami|2011 Tōhoku earthquake]], media speculated that the shock might induce volcanic unrest at Mount Fuji. In September 2012, mathematical models created by the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NRIESDP) suggested that the pressure in Mount Fuji's [[magma chamber]] could be 1.6 [[pascal (unit)|megapascals]] higher than before its 1707 eruption. This was interpreted by some media outlets to mean that an eruption of Mount Fuji could be imminent.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/mount-fuji|title=Pressure in Mount Fuji is now higher than last eruption, warn experts |last=Clark |first=Liat |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |date=September 6, 2012 |access-date=November 17, 2023|archive-date=September 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906182958/https://www.wired.co.uk/article/mount-fuji|url-status=live}}</ref> Absent any method of directly measuring the pressure of a volcano's magma chamber however, indirect calculations of the type used by NRIESDP remained speculative and unverifiable. Other indicators suggestive of heightened eruptive danger, such as active [[fumarole]]s and recently discovered [[fault (geology)|faults]], are typical occurrences at this type of volcano.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.wired.com/2012/09/doom-volcano-research-media/|title=Doooom! The Perception of Volcano Research by the Media |last=Klemetti |first=Erik |magazine=[[Wired magazine|Wired]] |date=September 10, 2012|access-date=November 17, 2023|archive-date=March 25, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325154058/https://www.wired.com/2012/09/doom-volcano-research-media/|url-status=live}}</ref>
-Eruption fears continued into the 2020s. In 2021, a new hazard map was created to help residents plan for evacuation, stoking fears because of its increased estimate of lava flow and additional vents.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Japan: Mount Fuji report doubles estimate of lava flow|last=Ryall|first=Julian|location=Tokyo|date=April 7, 2021|url=https://www.dw.com/en/japan-mount-fuji-report-doubles-previous-estimate-of-lava-flow/a-57119635|access-date=November 19, 2023|publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]|language=en}}</ref> Soon afterwards, a 4.8 magnitude earthquake hit the area, sending the phrase "Mt Fuji eruption" trending on [[Twitter]].<ref>{{cite news|date=December 2, 2021|title=Japan quells fears of Mt Fuji eruption after earthquake |language=en |publisher=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/japan-quells-fears-mt-fuji-eruption-after-earthquake-2021-12-03/ |access-date=November 19, 2023}}</ref> The Japan Meteorological Agency however, assured the public the earthquake did not increase the eruption risk. In 2023, a new evacuation plan was developed to account for the 2021 hazard map update.<ref>{{cite news|date=March 29, 2023|title=Mount Fuji eruption escape plan calls on residents to evacuate on foot|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2023/03/29/national/mount-fuji-eruption-plan/|access-date=November 19, 2023|url-access=limited|work=[[The Japan Times]]|language=en}}</ref>
+Eruption fears continued into the 2020s. In 2021, a new hazard map was created to help residents plan for evacuation, stoking fears because of its increased estimate of lava flow and additional vents.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Japan: Mount Fuji report doubles estimate of lava flow|last=Ryall|first=Julian|location=Tokyo|date=April 7, 2021|url=https://www.dw.com/en/japan-mount-fuji-report-doubles-previous-estimate-of-lava-flow/a-57119635|access-date=November 19, 2023|publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]|language=en}}</ref> Soon afterwards, a 4.8 magnitude earthquake hit the area.<ref>{{cite news|date=December 2, 2021|title=Japan quells fears of Mt Fuji eruption after earthquake |language=en |publisher=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/japan-quells-fears-mt-fuji-eruption-after-earthquake-2021-12-03/ |access-date=November 19, 2023}}</ref> The Japan Meteorological Agency however, assured the public that the earthquake did not increase the eruption risk. In 2023, a new evacuation plan was developed to account for the 2021 hazard map update.<ref>{{cite news|date=March 29, 2023|title=Mount Fuji eruption escape plan calls on residents to evacuate on foot|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2023/03/29/national/mount-fuji-eruption-plan/|access-date=November 19, 2023|url-access=limited|work=[[The Japan Times]]|language=en}}</ref>
 == Aokigahara forest ==
 [[File:Mount Ashiwada and Mount Fuji.jpg|thumb|Aokigahara forest with Mount Fuji and Mount Ashiwada]]
-The forest at the northwest base of the mountain is named [[Aokigahara]]. Folk tales and legends tell of ghosts, demons, [[yūrei]] and [[yōkai]] haunting the forest, and in the 19th century, Aokigahara was one of many places where poor families abandoned the very young and elderly.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/japan-s-harvest-death-5368465.html |title=Japan's harvest of death |work=[[The Independent]] |date=October 24, 2000|access-date=November 17, 2023|archive-date=April 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410115751/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/japan-s-harvest-death-5368465.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Approximately 30 suicides have been counted yearly, with a high of nearly 80 bodies in 2002.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hadfield |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Hadfield (journalist) |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/japan/1373287/Japan-struggles-with-soaring-death-toll-in-Suicide-Forest.html |title=Japan struggles with soaring death toll in Suicide Forest |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |location=UK |date=November 5, 2000|access-date=November 17, 2023|archive-date=January 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/japan/1373287/Japan-struggles-with-soaring-death-toll-in-Suicide-Forest.html |url-status=live|url-access=limited}}</ref> The recent increase in suicides prompted local officials to erect signs that attempt to convince individuals experiencing suicidal intent to re-think their desperate plans, and sometimes these messages have proven effective.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/national/20080224TDY03303.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080302060053/http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/national/20080224TDY03303.htm|url-status=dead |archive-date=March 2, 2008 |title=Sign saves lives of 29 suicidal people |work=[[Yomiuri Shimbun]] |date=February 24, 2008}}</ref> The numbers of suicides in the past creates an allure that has persisted across the span of decades.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Takahashi |first=Yoshitomo|title=Aokigahara-jukai: Suicide and Amnesia in Mt. Fuji's Black Forest |journal=Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=164–175 |date=Summer 1988 |pmid=3420643 |doi=10.1111/j.1943-278X.1988.tb00150.x}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Davisson |first=Jack |url=http://www.seekjapan.jp/article-1/767/The+Suicide+Woods+of+Mt.+Fuji |title=The Suicide Woods of Mt. Fuji |date=February 25, 2021 |magazine=[[Japanzine]]|access-date=March 15, 2008 |archive-date=July 16, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716202740/http://www.seekjapan.jp/article-1/767/The+Suicide+Woods+of+Mt.+Fuji |url-status=live }}</ref>
+[[Aokigahara]] forest sits at Fuji's northwest base. Folk tales and legends tell of ghosts, demons, [[yūrei]] and [[yōkai]] haunting the forest, and in the 19th century, Aokigahara was one of many places where poor families abandoned their  young and elderly.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/japan-s-harvest-death-5368465.html |title=Japan's harvest of death |work=[[The Independent]] |date=October 24, 2000|access-date=November 17, 2023|archive-date=April 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410115751/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/japan-s-harvest-death-5368465.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Approximately 30 suicides are counted yearly, with a high of nearly 80 2002.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hadfield |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Hadfield (journalist) |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/japan/1373287/Japan-struggles-with-soaring-death-toll-in-Suicide-Forest.html |title=Japan struggles with soaring death toll in Suicide Forest |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |location=UK |date=November 5, 2000|access-date=November 17, 2023|archive-date=January 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/japan/1373287/Japan-struggles-with-soaring-death-toll-in-Suicide-Forest.html |url-status=live|url-access=limited}}</ref> The recent increase prompted local officials to erect signs that attempt to convince suicidal individuals to reconsider, which have disrupted some attempts.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/national/20080224TDY03303.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080302060053/http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/national/20080224TDY03303.htm|url-status=dead |archive-date=March 2, 2008 |title=Sign saves lives of 29 suicidal people |work=[[Yomiuri Shimbun]] |date=February 24, 2008}}</ref> Earlier suicides have created an allure that has persisted across decades.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Takahashi |first=Yoshitomo|title=Aokigahara-jukai: Suicide and Amnesia in Mt. Fuji's Black Forest |journal=Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=164–175 |date=Summer 1988 |pmid=3420643 |doi=10.1111/j.1943-278X.1988.tb00150.x}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Davisson |first=Jack |url=http://www.seekjapan.jp/article-1/767/The+Suicide+Woods+of+Mt.+Fuji |title=The Suicide Woods of Mt. Fuji |date=February 25, 2021 |magazine=[[Japanzine]]|access-date=March 15, 2008 |archive-date=July 16, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716202740/http://www.seekjapan.jp/article-1/767/The+Suicide+Woods+of+Mt.+Fuji |url-status=live }}</ref>
-Many hikers mark their routes by leaving colored plastic tape behind as they pass, raising concern among prefectural officials about the forest's ecosystem.<ref>{{cite web|last=Okado|first=Yuki|url=http://www.asahi.com/english/Herald-asahi/TKY200805020328.html|title=Intruders tangle 'suicide forest' with tape|work=[[The Asahi Shimbun]]|date=May 3, 2008|access-date=May 3, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080506060315/http://www.asahi.com/english/Herald-asahi/TKY200805020328.html|archive-date=May 6, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>
+Many hikers mark their routes by leaving colored plastic tape behind as they pass, raising concern about effects on the forest's ecosystem.<ref>{{cite web|last=Okado|first=Yuki|url=http://www.asahi.com/english/Herald-asahi/TKY200805020328.html|title=Intruders tangle 'suicide forest' with tape|work=[[The Asahi Shimbun]]|date=May 3, 2008|access-date=May 3, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080506060315/http://www.asahi.com/english/Herald-asahi/TKY200805020328.html|archive-date=May 6, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>
-== Adventuring ==
+== Access ==
 [[File:Fuji in the Mountains of Taisekiji LACMA M.2006.136.141a-b.jpg|thumb|A view of Mount Fuji from the [[Taisekiji]] temple as depicted by the woodblock artist Katsushika [[Hokusai]]. ''The one hundred views of Mount Fuji''. From the Elizabeth Joan Tanney estate, {{Circa|1834}}.]]
-=== Transportation ===
+=== Transport ===
 [[File:Mt.Fuji Shizuoka Airport.jpg|thumb|[[Shizuoka Airport]] is overlooked by Mount Fuji.]]
-The closest airport with scheduled international service is [[Shizuoka Airport|Mt. Fuji Shizuoka Airport]]. It opened in June 2009. It is about {{cvt|80|km|sigfig=1}} from Mount Fuji.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pref.shizuoka.jp/kuukou/contents/english/en_information.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516204258/http://www.pref.shizuoka.jp/kuukou/contents/english/en_information.htm |archive-date=May 16, 2008 |title=Mt. Fuji Shiozuoka Airport Basic Information |publisher=Shizuoka Prefecture}}</ref> The major international airports serving Tokyo, [[Haneda Airport|Tokyo International Airport (Haneda Airport)]] in Tokyo and [[Narita International Airport]] in Chiba are approximately three hours and 15 minutes from Mount Fuji.
+The closest airport with scheduled international service is [[Shizuoka Airport|Mt. Fuji Shizuoka Airport]]. It opened in June 2009. It is about {{cvt|80|km|sigfig=1}} from Mount Fuji.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pref.shizuoka.jp/kuukou/contents/english/en_information.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516204258/http://www.pref.shizuoka.jp/kuukou/contents/english/en_information.htm |archive-date=May 16, 2008 |title=Mt. Fuji Shiozuoka Airport Basic Information |publisher=Shizuoka Prefecture}}</ref> [[Haneda Airport|Tokyo International Airport (Haneda Airport)]] and [[Narita International Airport]] are approximately three hours and 15 minutes from Mount Fuji.
 === Climbing routes ===
@@ Line 290: / Line 292: @@
 [[File:Mt Fuji Summit.jpg|thumb|Hikers climbing Mount Fuji]]
 Approximately 300,000 people climbed Mount Fuji in 2009.<ref name="NPJ">{{cite web |url=http://www.env.go.jp/park/fujihakone/topics/090917a.html |script-title=ja:【お知らせ】平成21年度の富士山登山者数について|title=[Oshirase] Heisei 21-nendo no fujisantozan shasū ni tsuite
-|trans-title=[Notice] Regarding the number of Mt. Fuji climbers in 2009|language=ja|date=September 17, 2009|publisher=[[Ministry of the Environment (Japan)|Ministry of the Environment]]|access-date=November 17, 2023|archive-date=December 30, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230064054/http://www.env.go.jp/park/fujihakone/topics/090917a.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The most popular period for people to hike up Mount Fuji is from July to August, while huts and other facilities are operating and the weather is warmest.<ref name="NPJ" /> Buses to the trail heads typically used by climbers start running on July 1.<ref name=ClimbingSeason>{{cite web |url=http://www.fujisan-climb.jp/en/season/index.html |title=Climbing Season |website=Official Web Site for Mt. Fuji Climbing|publisher=Council for the Promotion of the Proper Use of Mt. Fuji|language=en |access-date=November 17, 2023|archive-date=December 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229064808/http://www.fujisan-climb.jp/en/season/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Climbing from October to May is very strongly discouraged, after several high-profile deaths and severe cold weather.<ref name="offseason">{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-d6flBDoQ8|title=Climbing Mt. Fuji in May (closed season) [Subtitled]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603070338/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-d6flBDoQ8|date=May 14, 2009|archive-date=June 3, 2016|url-status=live|website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Most Japanese climb the mountain at night to be in a position at or near the summit when the sun rises. The morning light is called {{lang|ja|御来光}} ''goraikō'', "arrival of light".<ref>{{cite news |last=Glass |first=Kathy |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE6DB1231F935A1575BC0A966958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=1 |title=Climbing Mount Fuji By Night |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 26, 1990 |access-date=February 11, 2017 |archive-date=December 20, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220155251/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE6DB1231F935A1575BC0A966958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=1 |url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
+|trans-title=[Notice] Regarding the number of Mt. Fuji climbers in 2009|language=ja|date=September 17, 2009|publisher=[[Ministry of the Environment (Japan)|Ministry of the Environment]]|access-date=November 17, 2023|archive-date=December 30, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230064054/http://www.env.go.jp/park/fujihakone/topics/090917a.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The most popular period for people to hike up Mount Fuji is from July to August, while huts and other facilities are operating and the weather is warmest.<ref name="NPJ" /> Buses to the trail heads typically used by climbers start running on July 1.<ref name=ClimbingSeason>{{cite web |url=http://www.fujisan-climb.jp/en/season/index.html |title=Climbing Season |website=Official Web Site for Mt. Fuji Climbing|publisher=Council for the Promotion of the Proper Use of Mt. Fuji|language=en |access-date=November 17, 2023|archive-date=December 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229064808/http://www.fujisan-climb.jp/en/season/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Climbing from October to May is discouraged, after several high-profile deaths amid cold weather.<ref name="offseason">{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-d6flBDoQ8|title=Climbing Mt. Fuji in May (closed season) [Subtitled]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603070338/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-d6flBDoQ8|date=May 14, 2009|archive-date=June 3, 2016|url-status=live|website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Most Japanese climb the mountain at night to be in a position at or near the summit when the sun rises. The morning light is called {{lang|ja|御来光}} ''goraikō'', "arrival of light".<ref>{{cite news |last=Glass |first=Kathy |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE6DB1231F935A1575BC0A966958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=1 |title=Climbing Mount Fuji By Night |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 26, 1990 |access-date=February 11, 2017 |archive-date=December 20, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220155251/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE6DB1231F935A1575BC0A966958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=1 |url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
-There are four major routes to the summit, each has numbered stations along the way. They are (clockwise, starting north): Kawaguchiko, Subashiri, Gotemba, and Fujinomiya routes.<ref name=MountainTrails>{{cite web |url=http://www.fujisan-climb.jp/en/trails/index.html |title=Mountain Trails |website=Official Web Site for Mt. Fuji Climbing|publisher=Council for the Promotion of the Proper Use of Mt. Fuji|language=en |access-date=November 17, 2023|archive-date=December 19, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219112531/http://www.fujisan-climb.jp/en/trails/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Climbers usually start at the fifth stations, as these are reachable by car or by bus. The summit is the tenth station on each trail. The stations on different routes are at different elevations; the highest fifth station is located at Fujinomiya, followed by Yoshida, Subashiri, and Gotemba.<!-- 2400, 2305, 2000 and 1440 metres from sea level--> There are four additional routes from the foot of the mountain: Shojiko, Yoshida, Suyama, and Murayama routes.<ref>{{cite web|date=June 15, 2022|title=Climbing Mount Fuji: When to go and how to do it|url=https://www.jrailpass.com/blog/climbing-mount-fuji |access-date=November 17, 2023|website=Japan Rail Pass|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812063735/https://www.jrailpass.com/blog/climbing-mount-fuji|archive-date=August 12, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
+The four major routes to the summit each have numbered stations along the way. They are (clockwise, starting north): Yoshida, Subashiri, Gotemba, and Fujinomiya routes.<ref name=MountainTrails>{{cite web |url=http://www.fujisan-climb.jp/en/trails/index.html |title=Mountain Trails |website=Official Web Site for Mt. Fuji Climbing|publisher=Council for the Promotion of the Proper Use of Mt. Fuji|language=en |access-date=November 17, 2023|archive-date=December 19, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219112531/http://www.fujisan-climb.jp/en/trails/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Climbers usually start at the fifth stations, as these are reachable by car or by bus. The summit is the tenth station on each trail. The stations on different routes are at different elevations; the highest fifth station is located at Fujinomiya, followed by Yoshida, Subashiri, and Gotemba.<!-- 2400, 2305, 2000 and 1440 metres from sea level--> Four routes start from the base of the mountain: Shojiko, Yoshida, Suyama, and Murayama routes.<ref>{{cite web|date=June 15, 2022|title=Climbing Mount Fuji: When to go and how to do it|url=https://www.jrailpass.com/blog/climbing-mount-fuji |access-date=November 17, 2023|website=Japan Rail Pass|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812063735/https://www.jrailpass.com/blog/climbing-mount-fuji|archive-date=August 12, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
-Even though it has only the second-highest elevation, the Yoshida route is the most popular because of its large parking area and many large mountain huts where a climber can rest or stay. During the summer season, most Mount Fuji climbing tour buses arrive there. The next most popular is the Fujinomiya route, which has the highest fifth station, followed by Subashiri and Gotemba. The ascent from the new fifth station can take anywhere between five and seven hours, while the descent can take from three to four hours.<ref name=MountainTrails /> Even though most climbers do not use the Subashiri and Gotemba routes, many descend these because of their ash-covered paths. From the seventh station to near the fifth station, one could run down these ash-covered paths in approximately 30&nbsp;minutes.
+Even though it has only the second-highest elevation, the Yoshida route is the most popular. It offers a large parking area and many large mountain huts where climbers can rest or stay. During the summer season, most Mount Fuji climbing tour buses arrive there. The next most popular is the Fujinomiya route, which has the highest fifth station, followed by Subashiri and Gotemba. The ascent from the fifth station can take anywhere between five and seven hours, while the descent can take from three to four hours.<ref name=MountainTrails /> Even though most climbers do not ascend the Subashiri and Gotemba routes, many descend these because of their ash-covered paths. From the seventh station to near the fifth station, running down these ash-covered paths takes approximately 30&nbsp;minutes.
-There are also tractor routes along the climbing routes. These tractor routes are used to bring food and other materials to huts on the mountain. Because the tractors usually take up most of the width of these paths and they tend to push large rocks from the side of the path, the tractor paths are off-limits to the climbers on sections that are not merged with the climbing or descending paths. Nevertheless, one can sometimes see people riding mountain bikes along the tractor routes down from the summit. This is particularly risky, as it becomes difficult to control speed and may send some rocks rolling along the side of the path, which may hit other people.
+Tractor routes accompany the climbing routes. These routes are used to bring food and other materials to huts on the mountain. Because the tractors usually take up most of the width of these paths and tend to push large rocks from the side of the path, tractor paths are off-limits to climbers on sections that are not merged with the climbing or descending paths. Nevertheless, people often ride mountain bikes down tractor routes from the summit. This is particularly risky, as it may send rocks into others.
-The four routes from the foot of the mountain offer historical sites. The Murayama is the oldest route, and the Yoshida route still has many old shrines, teahouses, and huts along its path. These routes are gaining popularity recently and are being restored, but climbing from the foot of the mountain is still relatively uncommon. [[Asiatic black bear|Bears]] that live on the mountain have been sighted along the Yoshida route.
+The four routes from the base of the mountain offer historical sites. Murayama is the oldest route, while the Yoshida route has many old shrines, teahouses, and huts along its path. These routes are gaining popularity and are undergoing restoration, although still relatively uncommon. [[Asiatic black bear|Bears]] have been sighted along the Yoshida route.
-Huts at and above the fifth stations are usually staffed during the climbing season, but huts below the fifth stations are not usually staffed for climbers. The number of open huts on routes is proportional to the number of climbers—Yoshida has the most, while Gotemba has the fewest. The huts along the Gotemba route also tend to start later and close earlier than those along the Yoshida route. Also, because Mount Fuji is designated as a national park, it is illegal to camp above the fifth station.
+Huts at and above the fifth stations are usually staffed during climbing season, but those below the fifth stations are not usually staffed. Yoshida has the most huts, while Gotemba has the fewest. The huts along the Gotemba route also tend to open later and close earlier than those along the Yoshida route. Because Mount Fuji is designated as a national park, it is illegal to camp above the fifth station.
-There are eight peaks around the crater at the summit. The highest point in Japan, Ken-ga-mine, is where the [[Mount Fuji Radar System]] used to be (it was replaced by an automated system on October 1, 2008).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.jma.go.jp/jma/press/0806/06c/chiiki.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628182700/https://www.jma.go.jp/jma/press/0806/06c/chiiki.html | archive-date=June 28, 2023 | title=気象庁｜報道発表資料 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Research at the Top of Mount Fuji | website=Highlighting Japan | url=https://www.gov-online.go.jp/eng/publicity/book/hlj/html/201801/201801_09_en.html}}</ref> Climbers can visit each of these peaks.
+Eight peaks surround the summit. The highest point in Japan, Ken-ga-mine, is where the [[Mount Fuji Radar System]] used to be (replaced by an automated system on October 1, 2008).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.jma.go.jp/jma/press/0806/06c/chiiki.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628182700/https://www.jma.go.jp/jma/press/0806/06c/chiiki.html | archive-date=June 28, 2023 | title=気象庁｜報道発表資料 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Research at the Top of Mount Fuji | website=Highlighting Japan | url=https://www.gov-online.go.jp/eng/publicity/book/hlj/html/201801/201801_09_en.html}}</ref> Climbers can visit each of these peaks.
 === Paragliding ===
-[[Paraglider]]s take off in the vicinity of the fifth station, Gotemba parking lot, between Subashiri and Hōei-zan peak on the south side of the mountain, in addition to several other locations, depending on wind direction. Several paragliding schools use the wide sandy/grassy slope between Gotemba and Subashiri parking lots as a training hill.
+[[Paraglider]]s take off in the vicinity of the fifth station, Gotemba parking lot, between Subashiri and Hōei-zan peak on Fuji's south side, and at other locations, depending on wind direction. Several paragliding schools use the wide sandy/grassy slope between Gotemba and Subashiri parking lots as a training hill.
 === Overtourism concerns ===
-On 1 February 2024, the Yamanashi prefectural government imposed a mandatory fee of 2,000 yen ($13) for hikers using the Yoshida trail beginning in the summer season as part of efforts to ease congestion and provide funding for safety protocols.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2024/02/a1e50048cc54-mt-fuji-climbers-to-face-2000-yen-fees-from-summer-as-tourism-rises.html |title=Mt. Fuji climbers to face 2,000 yen fees amid overtourism concerns |website=Kyodo News|language=en |access-date=13 February 2024}}</ref> It later announced that it would impose a daily limit of 4,000 hikers on the trail and close it between 4 p.m. and 3 a.m. except for guests in mountain lodges.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 July 2024 |title=[Yoshida Trail] 2024 Restrictions overview and FAQ |url=https://www.fujisan-climb.jp/en/news/240417_yoshida_trail_faq.html#:~:text=If%20the%20number%20of%20climbers,continue%20climbing%20even%20after%204pm%3F |access-date=11 July 2024 |website=Official Web Site for Ft. Fuji Climbing}}</ref> The Shizuoka prefectural government subsequently announced that it would also close the Subashiri, Gotemba and Fujinomiya trails at the same time with the same exceptions, citing also concerns over congestion.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2024/02/101a85a0aa2b-another-japanese-prefecture-to-restrict-night-climbing-on-mt-fuji.html |title=Another Japanese prefecture to restrict night climbing on Mt. Fuji |website=Kyodo News|language=en |access-date=13 February 2024}}</ref>
+On 1 February 2024, the Yamanashi prefectural government imposed a mandatory fee of 2,000 yen ($13) for hikers using the Yoshida trail beginning in the summer season as part of efforts to ease congestion and provide funding for safety protocols.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2024/02/a1e50048cc54-mt-fuji-climbers-to-face-2000-yen-fees-from-summer-as-tourism-rises.html |title=Mt. Fuji climbers to face 2,000 yen fees amid overtourism concerns |website=Kyodo News|date=February 2024 |language=en |access-date=13 February 2024}}</ref> It later announced that it would impose a daily limit of 4,000 hikers on the trail and close it between 4 p.m. and 3 a.m. except for guests in mountain lodges.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 July 2024 |title=[Yoshida Trail] 2024 Restrictions overview and FAQ |url=https://www.fujisan-climb.jp/en/news/240417_yoshida_trail_faq.html#:~:text=If%20the%20number%20of%20climbers,continue%20climbing%20even%20after%204pm%3F |access-date=11 July 2024 |website=Official Web Site for Ft. Fuji Climbing}}</ref> The Shizuoka prefectural government subsequently announced that it would close the Subashiri, Gotemba and Fujinomiya trails at the same time with the same exceptions, citing concerns over congestion.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2024/02/101a85a0aa2b-another-japanese-prefecture-to-restrict-night-climbing-on-mt-fuji.html |title=Another Japanese prefecture to restrict night climbing on Mt. Fuji |website=Kyodo News|date=February 13, 2024 |language=en |access-date=13 February 2024}}</ref>
 == In culture ==
@@ Line 318: / Line 320: @@
 In ancient times, the mountain was worshipped from afar. The [[Asama shrine]] was set up at the foothills to ward off eruptions. In the [[Heian period]] (794–1185), volcanic activity subsided and Fuji was used as a base for [[Shugendō]], a syncretic religion combining mountain worship and Buddhism. Worshippers began to climb the slopes, and by the early 12th century, [[Matsudai Shonin]] had founded a temple on the summit.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fujisan223.com/en/reason/ |title=Mt. Fuji's selection as a cultural World Heritage site |publisher=Mt. Fuji World Heritage Div., Culture and Tourism Dept, Shizuoka Prefecture |access-date=24 November 2020 |archive-date=April 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415231753/https://www.fujisan223.com/en/reason/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
-[[Fujiko (religion)|Fuji-kō]] was an [[Edo period]] cult centred around the mountain founded by an ascetic named [[Hasegawa Kakugyō]] (1541–1646).<ref name="melton">{{cite book|url=https://ds.amu.edu.et/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/5699/%5BJ._Gordon_Melton%5D_The_Encyclopedia_of_Religious_P%28BookFi.org%29.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|last=Melton|first=J. Gordon|author-link=J. Gordon Melton|publisher=[[Visible Ink Press]]|title=Encyclopedia of Religious Phenomena|year=2008|location=Canton, MI|isbn=9781578592593|page=231|access-date=November 17, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117204959/https://ds.amu.edu.et/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/5699/[J._Gordon_Melton]_The_Encyclopedia_of_Religious_P(BookFi.org).pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=November 17, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> The cult venerated the mountain as a female deity, and encouraged its members to climb it. In doing so, they would be reborn, "purified and... able to find happiness." The cult waned in the [[Meiji period]], and although it persists to this day, it has been subsumed into [[Shintō]] sects.<ref name="melton"/>
+[[Fujiko (religion)|Fuji-kō]] was an [[Edo period]] cult centred around the mountain that was founded by an ascetic named [[Hasegawa Kakugyō]] (1541–1646).<ref name="melton">{{cite book|url=https://ds.amu.edu.et/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/5699/%5BJ._Gordon_Melton%5D_The_Encyclopedia_of_Religious_P%28BookFi.org%29.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|last=Melton|first=J. Gordon|author-link=J. Gordon Melton|publisher=[[Visible Ink Press]]|title=Encyclopedia of Religious Phenomena|year=2008|location=Canton, MI|isbn=9781578592593|page=231|access-date=November 17, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117204959/https://ds.amu.edu.et/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/5699/[J._Gordon_Melton]_The_Encyclopedia_of_Religious_P(BookFi.org).pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=November 17, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> The cult venerated the mountain as a female deity, and encouraged its members to climb it. In doing so, they would be reborn, "purified and... able to find happiness." The cult waned in the [[Meiji period]], and although it persists to this day, it has been subsumed into [[Shintō]] sects.<ref name="melton"/>
 === Popular culture ===
-As a national symbol of the country, the mountain has been depicted in various art media such as paintings, [[moku hanga|woodblock prints]] (such as [[Hokusai]]'s ''[[Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji]]'' and ''[[100 Views of Mount Fuji]]'' from the 1830s), poetry, music, theater, film, [[manga]], [[anime]], [[pottery]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sunritz-hattori-museum.or.jp/masterpieces/index.html |script-title=ja:収蔵品のご紹介|title=Shūzō-hin no go shōkai|trans-title=
+As a national symbol of the country, the mountain has been depicted in media such as paintings, [[moku hanga|woodblock prints]] (such as [[Hokusai]]'s ''[[Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji]]'' and ''[[One Hundred Views of Mount Fuji]]'' from the 1830s), poetry, music, theater, film, [[manga]], [[anime]], [[pottery]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sunritz-hattori-museum.or.jp/masterpieces/index.html |script-title=ja:収蔵品のご紹介|title=Shūzō-hin no go shōkai|trans-title=
 Introduction to the collection|language=ja|website=www.sunritz-hattori-museum.or.jp|publisher=[[Sunritz Hattori Museum of Arts]]|access-date=March 7, 2018 |archive-date=March 7, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307215353/http://www.sunritz-hattori-museum.or.jp/masterpieces/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and even [[Kawaii]] subculture.
@@ Line 354: / Line 356: @@
 * [http://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=283030 Fujisan (Mount Fuji)] – Smithsonian Institution: Global Volcanism Program
 * [http://sitereports.nabunken.go.jp/en Comprehensive Database of Archaeological Site Reports in Japan], Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties
+* [https://www.tourfuji.com/ Mount Fuji Tours]
 {{Sister bar|auto=1|s=1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Fuji}}

Mount Fuji: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 23:15, 19 November 2025

Contents

Etymology

Variations

History

Geography

Climate

Geology

Recorded eruptions

Current eruptive danger

Aokigahara forest

Access

Transport

Climbing routes

Paragliding

Overtourism concerns

In culture

Shinto mythology

Popular culture

See also

Notes

References

External links

Navigation menu

Mount Fuji: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 23:15, 19 November 2025

Etymology

Variations

History

Geography

Climate

Geology

Recorded eruptions

Current eruptive danger

Aokigahara forest

Access

Transport

Climbing routes

Paragliding

Overtourism concerns

In culture

Shinto mythology

Popular culture

See also

Notes

References

External links

Navigation menu

Search