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== Events == | == Events == | ||
<onlyinclude> | <onlyinclude> | ||
=== By place === | === By place === | ||
==== Europe ==== | ==== Europe ==== | ||
* Spring – Emperor [[Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry VI]] travels to [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]] to persuade Pope [[Pope Celestine III|Celestine III]] to crown his infant son [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]], who has been elected "King of the Romans" at [[Frankfurt]]. | * Spring – Emperor [[Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry VI]] travels to [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]] to persuade Pope [[Pope Celestine III|Celestine III]] to crown his infant son [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]], who has been elected "King of the Romans" at [[Frankfurt]]. | ||
* King [[Richard I of England | * King [[Richard I of England]] (the Lionheart) has [[Château Gaillard]] ([[Duchy of Normandy|Normandy]]) built on the [[Seine|Seine River]] as he fights to restore [[Angevin Empire|Angevin]] power in northern [[France in the Middle Ages|France]] (approximate date). | ||
* Summer – Henry VI takes cruel measures to put down [[Jordan Lupin]]'s insurrection in [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]] and southern Italy, which has been provoked by the oppression of his German officials. | * Summer – Henry VI takes cruel measures to put down [[Jordan Lupin]]'s insurrection in [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]] and southern Italy, which has been provoked by the oppression of his German officials. | ||
* June/July – [[Crusade of 1197|German crusaders]] launch | * June/July – [[Crusade of 1197|German crusaders]] launch a [[Raid on Silves (1197)|raid on Silves]].<ref>{{cite journal |author-link=Charles Wendell David |first=Charles Wendell |last=David |title=Narratio de Itinere Navali Peregrinorum Hierosolymam Tendentium et Silviam Capientium, A.D. 1189 |journal=Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society |volume=81 |issue=5 |year=1939 |pages=591–676 (at 660) |jstor=985010}}</ref> | ||
* [[September 28]] – Henry VI dies of [[malaria]] at [[Messina]] (also possibly poisoned),<ref>"Henry VI died in Messina, poisoned, so it was believed, by his own entourage because of his Italian policy." P. 41 in Kenneth Varty (editor), Reynard the Fox: Social Engagement and Cultural Metamorphoses in the Beast Epic from the Middle Ages to the Present (Berghahn Books, 2000). {{ISBN|1-57181-737-9}}.</ref> while preparing an expedition against the Byzantine usurper [[Alexios III Angelos | * [[September 28]] – Henry VI dies of [[malaria]] at [[Messina]] (also possibly poisoned),<ref>"Henry VI died in Messina, poisoned, so it was believed, by his own entourage because of his Italian policy." P. 41 in Kenneth Varty (editor), Reynard the Fox: Social Engagement and Cultural Metamorphoses in the Beast Epic from the Middle Ages to the Present (Berghahn Books, 2000). {{ISBN|1-57181-737-9}}.</ref> while preparing an expedition against the Byzantine usurper [[Alexios III Angelos]]. | ||
* Autumn – A [[German throne dispute | * Autumn – A [[German throne dispute]] begins upon the sudden death of Henry VI. Henry's brother, [[Philip of Swabia]], takes over the family lands and claims his inheritance.<ref>[[Steven Runciman]] (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre'', pp. 92–93. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29877-0}}.</ref> | ||
* Autumn – A [[Brothers' Quarrel (Hungary)| | * Autumn – A [[Brothers' Quarrel (Hungary)|brothers' quarrel]] breaks out between [[Emeric, King of Hungary]] and his younger brother [[Andrew II of Hungary|Duke Andrew]]. After a brief skirmish, Emeric is forced to cede [[Croatia in personal union with Hungary|Croatia]] and [[Dalmatia]] to Andrew, who begins to administer the provinces as a ''[[de facto]]'' sovereign monarch.<ref>{{cite book |last=Engel |first=Pál |year=2001 |title=The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526 |pages=86–87 |publisher= I.B. Tauris Publishers |isbn=1-86064-061-3}}</ref> | ||
* Winter – Duke [[Ottokar I of Bohemia|Ottokar I]] forces his brother, [[Vladislaus III, Duke of Bohemia|Vladislaus III]], to abandon [[Duchy of Bohemia|Bohemia]]. Ottokar restores power and Vladislaus accepts the [[Margrave|margravial]] title of [[History of Moravia#Union with Bohemia|Moravia]]. | * Winter – Duke [[Ottokar I of Bohemia|Ottokar I]] forces his brother, [[Vladislaus III, Duke of Bohemia|Vladislaus III]], to abandon [[Duchy of Bohemia|Bohemia]]. Ottokar restores power and Vladislaus accepts the [[Margrave|margravial]] title of [[History of Moravia#Union with Bohemia|Moravia]]. | ||
* [[Saracen]] pirates, from the [[Balearic Islands]], raid the city of [[Toulon]] in [[Provence]], and the [[Benedictines|Benedictine]] [[Lérins Abbey|monastery of Saint Honorat]], on the [[Lérins Islands]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Pays d'Islam et monde latin, Xe-XIIIe siècle: textes et documents|publisher=Presses Universitaires de Lyon|location=Lyon|author=Unité mixte de recherche 5648--Histoire et archéologie des mondes chrétiens et musulmans médiévaux}}</ref> | * [[Saracen]] pirates, from the [[Balearic Islands]], raid the city of [[Toulon]] in [[Provence]], and the [[Benedictines|Benedictine]] [[Lérins Abbey|monastery of Saint Honorat]], on the [[Lérins Islands]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Pays d'Islam et monde latin, Xe-XIIIe siècle: textes et documents|publisher=Presses Universitaires de Lyon|location=Lyon|author=Unité mixte de recherche 5648--Histoire et archéologie des mondes chrétiens et musulmans médiévaux}}</ref> | ||
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==== Levant ==== | ==== Levant ==== | ||
* [[September 10]] – [[Henry II, Count of Champagne | * [[September 10]] – [[Henry II, Count of Champagne]], king of [[Kingdom of Jerusalem|Jerusalem]], dies from falling out a first-floor window at his palace in [[Acre, Israel|Acre]]. His widow, [[Isabella I of Jerusalem|Isabella I]], becomes [[regent]] while the kingdom is thrown into consternation.<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre'', p. 78. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29877-0}}.</ref> | ||
* [[September 22]] – About 16,000 German crusaders reach Acre, starting the [[crusade of 1197]]. Emperor Henry VI, who planned to join the forces later on, was forced to stay behind in Sicily due to illness. On September 28 he dies at Messina. Meanwhile the crusaders manage to reconquer Sidon and Beirut but return to Germany after receiving the news of the emperor's death. | * [[September 22]] – About 16,000 German crusaders reach Acre, starting the [[crusade of 1197]]. Emperor Henry VI, who planned to join the forces later on, was forced to stay behind in Sicily due to illness. On September 28 he dies at Messina. Meanwhile the crusaders manage to reconquer Sidon and Beirut but return to Germany after receiving the news of the emperor's death. | ||
==== Asia ==== | ==== Asia ==== | ||
* [[Genghis Khan]] (or | * [[Genghis Khan]] (or Temüjin), with help from the [[Keraites]], defeats the [[Jurchen people|Jurchens]] of the [[Jin dynasty (1115–1234)|Jin dynasty]]. The Jin bestow Genghis' [[blood brother]] [[Toghrul]] with the honorable title of ''Ong Khan'', and Genghis receives the lesser title of ''j'aut quri''. During the winter, Toghrul returns and re-establishes himself as leader of the Keraites.<ref>Biran, Michal (2012). ''Genghis Khan'', p. 35. London: Oneworld Publications. {{ISBN|978-1-78074-204-5}}.</ref> | ||
=== By topic === | === By topic === | ||
==== Religion ==== | ==== Religion ==== | ||
* [[Arbroath Abbey]] located in the Scottish town of [[Arbroath]], is consecrated and dedicated to St. [[Thomas Becket]]. | * [[Arbroath Abbey]] located in the Scottish town of [[Arbroath]], is consecrated and dedicated to St. [[Thomas Becket]].</onlyinclude> | ||
</onlyinclude> | |||
== Births == | == Births == | ||
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* [[Dharmasvamin]], Tibetan monk and [[Pilgrimage|pilgrim]] (d. [[1264]]) | * [[Dharmasvamin]], Tibetan monk and [[Pilgrimage|pilgrim]] (d. [[1264]]) | ||
* [[Ibn al-Baitar]], Moorish botanist and pharmacist (d. [[1248]]) | * [[Ibn al-Baitar]], Moorish botanist and pharmacist (d. [[1248]]) | ||
* [[John de Braose]] ( | * [[John de Braose]] (Tadody), English [[Nobility|nobleman]] (or [[1198]]) | ||
* [[Naratheinga Uzana]], Burmese prince and [[regent]] (d. [[1235]]) | * [[Naratheinga Uzana]], Burmese prince and [[regent]] (d. [[1235]]) | ||
* [[Nicola Paglia]], Italian priest and preacher (d. [[1256]]) | * [[Nicola Paglia]], Italian priest and preacher (d. [[1256]]) | ||
| Line 52: | Line 50: | ||
* [[Oberto Pallavicino]], Italian nobleman (''[[Signoria|signore]]'') (d. [[1269]]) | * [[Oberto Pallavicino]], Italian nobleman (''[[Signoria|signore]]'') (d. [[1269]]) | ||
* [[Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse|Raymond VII]], French nobleman and knight (d. [[1249]]) | * [[Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse|Raymond VII]], French nobleman and knight (d. [[1249]]) | ||
* [[Richard of Chichester]], bishop of [[Diocese of Chichester|Chichester]] (d. 1253) | * [[Richard of Chichester]], English bishop of [[Diocese of Chichester|Chichester]] (d. 1253) | ||
* [[William de Braose (died 1230)|William de Braose]], English nobleman (d. [[1230]]) | * [[William de Braose (died 1230)|William de Braose]], English nobleman (d. [[1230]]) | ||
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* [[April 28]] – [[Rhys ap Gruffydd]], Welsh prince of [[Deheubarth]] | * [[April 28]] – [[Rhys ap Gruffydd]], Welsh prince of [[Deheubarth]] | ||
* [[June 1]] – [[Gertrude of Bavaria]], queen consort of [[Denmark]] | * [[June 1]] – [[Gertrude of Bavaria]], queen consort of [[Denmark]] | ||
* [[July 9]] – [[Rudolf of Wied]] | * [[July 9]] – [[Rudolf of Wied]], archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Trier|Trier]] | ||
* [[September 10]] – [[Henry II, Count of Champagne | * [[September 10]] – [[Henry II, Count of Champagne]] (or Henry II), king of [[Kingdom of Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] (b. [[1166]]) | ||
* [[September 18]] – [[Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary | * [[September 18]] – [[Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary]], consort, daughter of [[Louis VII of France|Louis VII]] | ||
* [[September 28]] – [[Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor | * [[September 28]] – [[Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor]] (b. [[1165]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kleinhenz |first1=Christopher |title=Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia |date=2 August 2004 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-94880-1 |page=492 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E2CTAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT522 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
* [[November 13]] – [[Saint Homobonus|Homobonus of Cremona]], Italian merchant | * [[November 13]] – [[Saint Homobonus|Homobonus of Cremona]], Italian merchant and saint | ||
* [[December 12]] – [[Empress Wu (Song dynasty)|Wu]] (or | * [[December 12]] – [[Empress Wu (Song dynasty)|Wu]] (or Xiansheng), Chinese empress (b. [[1115]]) | ||
* [[Alix of France]], French countess consort and regent (b. [[1150]]) | * [[Alix of France]], French countess consort and regent (b. [[1150]]) | ||
* [[Bretislav III]], bishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Prague|Prague]] ([[Přemyslid dynasty|House of Přemyslid]]) (b. [[1137]]) | * [[Bretislav III]], bishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Prague|Prague]] ([[Přemyslid dynasty|House of Přemyslid]]) (b. [[1137]]) | ||
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* [[Jordan Lupin]], Italo-Norman nobleman and rebel leader | * [[Jordan Lupin]], Italo-Norman nobleman and rebel leader | ||
* [[Margaritus of Brindisi]], Sicilian Grand Admiral (b. [[1149]]) | * [[Margaritus of Brindisi]], Sicilian Grand Admiral (b. [[1149]]) | ||
* [[Owain Cyfeiliog | * [[Owain Cyfeiliog]] (ap Gruffydd]]), Welsh prince (b. [[1130]]) | ||
* [[Peter II of Bulgaria|Peter II]] (or | * [[Peter II of Bulgaria|Peter II]] (or Theodor-Peter), ruler (''[[tsar]]'') of the [[Second Bulgarian Empire|Bulgaria]] | ||
* [[Peter Cantor]] | * [[Peter Cantor]], French theologian and writer | ||
* [[Ruadhri Ua Flaithbertaigh]], Irish king of [[Iar Connacht]] | * [[Ruadhri Ua Flaithbertaigh]], Irish king of [[Iar Connacht]] | ||
* [[Tughtakin ibn Ayyub]], Ayyubid emir (prince) of [[Arabia]] | * [[Tughtakin ibn Ayyub]], Ayyubid emir (prince) of [[Arabia]] | ||
Latest revision as of 22:23, 14 September 2025
Template:Use mdy dates Template:About year Template:Year nav Script error: No such module "Sidebar". Script error: No such module "Year in various calendars".
Year 1197 (MCXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
- Spring – Emperor Henry VI travels to Italy to persuade Pope Celestine III to crown his infant son Frederick II, who has been elected "King of the Romans" at Frankfurt.
- King Richard I of England (the Lionheart) has Château Gaillard (Normandy) built on the Seine River as he fights to restore Angevin power in northern France (approximate date).
- Summer – Henry VI takes cruel measures to put down Jordan Lupin's insurrection in Sicily and southern Italy, which has been provoked by the oppression of his German officials.
- June/July – German crusaders launch a raid on Silves.[1]
- September 28 – Henry VI dies of malaria at Messina (also possibly poisoned),[2] while preparing an expedition against the Byzantine usurper Alexios III Angelos.
- Autumn – A German throne dispute begins upon the sudden death of Henry VI. Henry's brother, Philip of Swabia, takes over the family lands and claims his inheritance.[3]
- Autumn – A brothers' quarrel breaks out between Emeric, King of Hungary and his younger brother Duke Andrew. After a brief skirmish, Emeric is forced to cede Croatia and Dalmatia to Andrew, who begins to administer the provinces as a de facto sovereign monarch.[4]
- Winter – Duke Ottokar I forces his brother, Vladislaus III, to abandon Bohemia. Ottokar restores power and Vladislaus accepts the margravial title of Moravia.
- Saracen pirates, from the Balearic Islands, raid the city of Toulon in Provence, and the Benedictine monastery of Saint Honorat, on the Lérins Islands.[5]
- Northern Crusades: Danish forces led by King Canute VI raid the area of present-day Estonia.[6]
- Civil war era in Norway: conflict between king Sverre of Norway and the party of Bagler.
Wales
- April 28 – Rhys ap Gruffydd, a Welsh prince, dies and is succeeded by his eldest son Gruffydd ap Rhys II. With the help of Gwenwynwyn, his brother Maelgwn ap Rhys invades southern Wales.
- Summer – Gruffydd ap Rhys II is captured and handed over to Gwenwynwyn, who transfers him to the English. Gruffydd is imprisoned at Corfe Castle and Maelgwn ap Rhys claims the throne.
Levant
- September 10 – Henry II, Count of Champagne, king of Jerusalem, dies from falling out a first-floor window at his palace in Acre. His widow, Isabella I, becomes regent while the kingdom is thrown into consternation.[7]
- September 22 – About 16,000 German crusaders reach Acre, starting the crusade of 1197. Emperor Henry VI, who planned to join the forces later on, was forced to stay behind in Sicily due to illness. On September 28 he dies at Messina. Meanwhile the crusaders manage to reconquer Sidon and Beirut but return to Germany after receiving the news of the emperor's death.
Asia
- Genghis Khan (or Temüjin), with help from the Keraites, defeats the Jurchens of the Jin dynasty. The Jin bestow Genghis' blood brother Toghrul with the honorable title of Ong Khan, and Genghis receives the lesser title of j'aut quri. During the winter, Toghrul returns and re-establishes himself as leader of the Keraites.[8]
By topic
Religion
- Arbroath Abbey located in the Scottish town of Arbroath, is consecrated and dedicated to St. Thomas Becket.
Births
- October 22 – Juntoku, emperor of Japan (d. 1242)
- Amadeus IV, count of Savoy (House of Savoy) (d. 1253)
- Dharmasvamin, Tibetan monk and pilgrim (d. 1264)
- Ibn al-Baitar, Moorish botanist and pharmacist (d. 1248)
- John de Braose (Tadody), English nobleman (or 1198)
- Naratheinga Uzana, Burmese prince and regent (d. 1235)
- Nicola Paglia, Italian priest and preacher (d. 1256)
- Nikephoros Blemmydes, Byzantine theologian (d. 1272)
- Oberto Pallavicino, Italian nobleman (signore) (d. 1269)
- Raymond VII, French nobleman and knight (d. 1249)
- Richard of Chichester, English bishop of Chichester (d. 1253)
- William de Braose, English nobleman (d. 1230)
Deaths
- April 23 – Davyd Rostislavich, Kievan Grand Prince (b. 1140)
- April 28 – Rhys ap Gruffydd, Welsh prince of Deheubarth
- June 1 – Gertrude of Bavaria, queen consort of Denmark
- July 9 – Rudolf of Wied, archbishop of Trier
- September 10 – Henry II, Count of Champagne (or Henry II), king of Jerusalem (b. 1166)
- September 18 – Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary, consort, daughter of Louis VII
- September 28 – Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1165)[9]
- November 13 – Homobonus of Cremona, Italian merchant and saint
- December 12 – Wu (or Xiansheng), Chinese empress (b. 1115)
- Alix of France, French countess consort and regent (b. 1150)
- Bretislav III, bishop of Prague (House of Přemyslid) (b. 1137)
- Burhan al-Din al-Marghinani, Arab Hanafi jurist (b. 1135)
- Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi, Arab scholar and theologian
- Jón Loftsson, Icelandic chieftain and politician (b. 1124)
- Jordan Lupin, Italo-Norman nobleman and rebel leader
- Margaritus of Brindisi, Sicilian Grand Admiral (b. 1149)
- Owain Cyfeiliog (ap Gruffydd]]), Welsh prince (b. 1130)
- Peter II (or Theodor-Peter), ruler (tsar) of the Bulgaria
- Peter Cantor, French theologian and writer
- Ruadhri Ua Flaithbertaigh, Irish king of Iar Connacht
- Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, Ayyubid emir (prince) of Arabia
- Walter Devereux, Norman nobleman and knight (b. 1173)
- William de Longchamp, Norman nobleman and bishop
References
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ "Henry VI died in Messina, poisoned, so it was believed, by his own entourage because of his Italian policy." P. 41 in Kenneth Varty (editor), Reynard the Fox: Social Engagement and Cultural Metamorphoses in the Beast Epic from the Middle Ages to the Present (Berghahn Books, 2000). Template:ISBN.
- ↑ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, pp. 92–93. Template:ISBN.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Sulev Vahtre (2007). Eesti ajalugu: kronoloogia, 2007. Printed by "Olion". Pg 21.
- ↑ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 78. Template:ISBN.
- ↑ Biran, Michal (2012). Genghis Khan, p. 35. London: Oneworld Publications. Template:ISBN.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".