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[[File:Insigne vitória alcançada pelo Vice-Rei D. Francisco de Almeida contra as armadas do Sultão do Egito, e dos Reis de Cambaia e Calecute.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[February 3]]: Almeida and troops defeat Indian and Egyptian forces at the [[Battle of Diu (1509)|Battle of Diu]]]]
[[File:Insigne vitória alcançada pelo Vice-Rei D. Francisco de Almeida contra as armadas do Sultão do Egito, e dos Reis de Cambaia e Calecute.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[February 3]]: Almeida and troops defeat Indian and Egyptian forces at the [[Battle of Diu (1509)|Battle of Diu]]]]
* [[January 21]] &ndash; The [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portuguese]] first arrive at the [[Seven Islands of Bombay]] and land at [[Mahim]] after capturing a  barge of the Gujarat Sultanate in the [[Mahim Creek]].<ref name="harvnb">{{harvnb|Greater Bombay District Gazetteer|1960|p=163|Ref=bom}}</ref>
* [[January 21]] &ndash; The [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portuguese]] first arrive at the [[Seven Islands of Bombay]] and land at [[Mahim]] after capturing a  barge of the Gujarat Sultanate in the [[Mahim Creek]].<ref name="harvnb">{{harvnb|Greater Bombay District Gazetteer|1960|p=163|Ref=bom}}</ref>
* [[January 30]] &ndash; French ambassador [[Janus Lascaris]] leaves [[Republic of Venice|Venice]], after being recalled by king [[Louis XII]] in the eve of the [[War of the League of Cambrai]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Setton|first=Kenneth M.|author-link=Kenneth Setton|title=The Papacy and the Levant (1204-1571)|volume=3|year=1984|location=Philadelphia|publisher=American Philosophical Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EgQNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP5|pages=53, 56–57 |isbn=978-0-87169-161-3 }}</ref>
* [[February 3]] &ndash; [[Battle of Diu (1509)|Battle of Diu]]: The Portuguese defeat a coalition of Indians, Muslims and Italians.<ref>{{cite book|title=Boletim Do Instituto Menezes Bragança|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S4JKAQAAIAAJ|year=1988|publisher=O Instituto|page=62}}</ref>
* [[February 3]] &ndash; [[Battle of Diu (1509)|Battle of Diu]]: The Portuguese defeat a coalition of Indians, Muslims and Italians.<ref>{{cite book|title=Boletim Do Instituto Menezes Bragança|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S4JKAQAAIAAJ|year=1988|publisher=O Instituto|page=62}}</ref>
* [[March 13]] &ndash; At [[Bourges]], the French king [[Louis XII]] ratifies treaties that were concluded 10 December 1508, regarding the creation of the [[League of Cambrai]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Setton|first=Kenneth M.|author-link=Kenneth Setton|title=The Papacy and the Levant (1204-1571)|volume=3|year=1984|location=Philadelphia|publisher=American Philosophical Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EgQNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP5|pages=55 |isbn=978-0-87169-161-3 }}</ref>
* [[March 18]] &ndash; [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor]], names Margaretha land guardians of the [[Habsburg Netherlands]].<ref name="1509 in History">{{cite web |title=1509 in History |url=https://www.brainyhistory.com/years/1509.html |website=brainyhistory.com |access-date=29 March 2022}}</ref>
* [[March 18]] &ndash; [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor]], names Margaretha land guardians of the [[Habsburg Netherlands]].<ref name="1509 in History">{{cite web |title=1509 in History |url=https://www.brainyhistory.com/years/1509.html |website=brainyhistory.com |access-date=29 March 2022}}</ref>
 
* [[March 23]] &ndash; [[Pope Julius II]] issues the [[papal bull]] ''Petierunt a nobis'', declaring his allegiance to the [[League of Cambrai]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Setton|first=Kenneth M.|author-link=Kenneth Setton|title=The Papacy and the Levant (1204-1571)|volume=3|year=1984|location=Philadelphia|publisher=American Philosophical Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EgQNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP5|pages=56 |isbn=978-0-87169-161-3 }}</ref>
=== April&ndash;June ===
=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 7]] &ndash; The [[Kingdom of France]] declares war on the [[Republic of Venice]].<ref name="War of the League of Cambrai">{{cite web |last1=J. |first1=Rickard |title=War of the League of Cambrai, 1508-1510 |url=http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/wars_league_cambrai.html |website=historyofwar.org |access-date=26 August 2014}}</ref>
* [[April 17]] &ndash; In [[Venice]], the envoy of the French king [[Louis XII]] delivers the declaration of war to the Venetian doge [[Leonardo Loredan]], thus marking the official beginning of the [[War of the League of Cambrai]].<ref name="Italianwars">{{Cite book|last1=Mallett|first1=Michael|last2=Shaw|first2=Christine|title=The Italian Wars 1494-1559: War, State and Society in Early Modern Europe|year=2014|orig-year=2012|location=London and New York|publisher=Routledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KnnJAwAAQBAJ&pg=PR3|pages=89 |isbn=978-1-317-89939-6 }}</ref>
* [[April 15]] &ndash; The French army under the command of [[Louis XII of France|Louis XII]] leaves [[Milan]] to invade Venetian territory. Part of the [[War of the League of Cambrai]] and the [[Italian Wars]].<ref name="Italianwars">Michael Mallett and Christine Shaw, ''The Italian Wars:1494–1559'', (Pearson, 2012), 89.</ref>
* [[April 21]] &ndash; [[Henry VIII]] becomes King of [[Kingdom of England|England]] on the death of his father, [[Henry VII of England|Henry VII]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cheney |first1=C. R. |last2=Cheney |first2=Christopher Robert |last3=Jones |first3=Michael |title=A Handbook of Dates: For Students of British History |date=2000 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521778459 |pages=37–38 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9_Fakx-flCkC&pg=PA37|language=en}}</ref>
* [[April 21]] &ndash; [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]] becomes King of [[Kingdom of England|England]] on the death of his father, [[Henry VII of England|Henry VII]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cheney |first1=C. R. |last2=Cheney |first2=Christopher Robert |last3=Jones |first3=Michael |title=A Handbook of Dates: For Students of British History |date=2000 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521778459 |pages=37–38 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9_Fakx-flCkC&pg=PA37|language=en}}</ref>
* [[April 27]] &ndash; [[Pope Julius II]] places Venice under [[Interdict (Catholic canon law)|interdict]] and [[excommunication]] for refusing to cede part of [[Romagna]] to papal control.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Setton|first=Kenneth M.|author-link=Kenneth Setton|title=The Papacy and the Levant (1204-1571)|volume=3|year=1984|location=Philadelphia|publisher=American Philosophical Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EgQNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP5|pages=57–58 |isbn=978-0-87169-161-3 }}</ref>
* [[April 27]] &ndash; [[Pope Julius II]] places Venice under [[Interdict (Catholic canon law)|interdict]] and [[excommunication]] for refusing to cede part of [[Romagna]] to papal control.<ref>{{cite web |title=On April 27, 1509, Pope Julius II excommunicated the... |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2004/04/27/on-april-27-1509-pope-julius-ii/ |website=tribunedigital-chicagotribune |date=April 27, 2004 |access-date=19 June 2018 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[May 2]] &ndash; [[Juan Ponce de León]] obtains authorization to bring his family from [[Spanish Empire|Spain]] to his home in the [[Casa de Contratación]] in [[Caparra Archaeological Site|Caparra]], [[Puerto Rico]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tió |first=Aurelio |date=1971 |title=La Primera Puertorriqueña (Boletín de la Academia Puertorriqueña de la Historia). |url=http://dspace.cai.sg.inter.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/16051/025.2.7.2.pdf?sequence=1}}</ref>
* [[May 2]] &ndash; [[Juan Ponce de León]] obtains authorization to bring his family from [[Spanish Empire|Spain]] to his home in the [[Casa de Contratación]] in [[Caparra Archaeological Site|Caparra]], [[Puerto Rico]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tió |first=Aurelio |date=1971 |title=La Primera Puertorriqueña (Boletín de la Academia Puertorriqueña de la Historia). |url=http://dspace.cai.sg.inter.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/16051/025.2.7.2.pdf?sequence=1}}</ref>
* [[May 9]]
* [[May 9]]
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** The Venetians, encamped around the town of [[Treviglio]], move south towards the [[Po River]] in search of better positions.<ref name="Italianwars" />
** The Venetians, encamped around the town of [[Treviglio]], move south towards the [[Po River]] in search of better positions.<ref name="Italianwars" />
* [[May 14]] &ndash; [[Battle of Agnadello]]: French forces defeat the Venetians. The League of Cambrai occupies Venice's [[Domini di Terraferma|mainland territories]].<ref name="Italianwars" />
* [[May 14]] &ndash; [[Battle of Agnadello]]: French forces defeat the Venetians. The League of Cambrai occupies Venice's [[Domini di Terraferma|mainland territories]].<ref name="Italianwars" />
* [[May 17]] &ndash; [[Republic of Venice|Venice]] made an effort to appease the emperor [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]] by offering various political and territorial concessions, but the effort failed.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Setton|first=Kenneth M.|author-link=Kenneth Setton|title=The Papacy and the Levant (1204-1571)|volume=3|year=1984|location=Philadelphia|publisher=American Philosophical Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EgQNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP5|pages=63 |isbn=978-0-87169-161-3 }}</ref>
* [[June 11]]
* [[June 11]]
** [[Henry VIII of England]] marries [[Catherine of Aragon]].<ref>{{cite book|author=David Starkey|title=Henry VIII: A European Court in England|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8xkTAQAAIAAJ|year=1991|publisher=Cross River Press|isbn=978-1-55859-241-4|page=26}}</ref>
** [[Henry VIII]] marries [[Catherine of Aragon]].<ref>{{cite book|author=David Starkey|title=Henry VIII: A European Court in England|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8xkTAQAAIAAJ|year=1991|publisher=Cross River Press|isbn=978-1-55859-241-4|page=26}}</ref>
** [[Luca Pacioli]]'s ''[[De divina proportione]]'', concerning the [[golden ratio]], is published in [[Republic of Venice|Venice]], with illustrations by [[Leonardo da Vinci]].<ref name="Golden Ratio Luca Pacioli">{{Cite web|url = http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Pacioli.html|title = Luca Pacioli|website = School of Mathematics and Statistics|publisher = [[University of St Andrews]]|last1 = O'Connor|first1 = J J|last2 = Robertson|first2 = E F|date = July 1999|access-date = 15 January 2015}}</ref>
** [[Luca Pacioli]]'s ''[[De divina proportione]]'', concerning the [[golden ratio]], is published in [[Republic of Venice|Venice]], with illustrations by [[Leonardo da Vinci]].<ref name="Golden Ratio Luca Pacioli">{{Cite web|url = http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Pacioli.html|title = Luca Pacioli|website = School of Mathematics and Statistics|publisher = [[University of St Andrews]]|last1 = O'Connor|first1 = J J|last2 = Robertson|first2 = E F|date = July 1999|access-date = 15 January 2015}}</ref>
* [[June 19]] &ndash; [[Brasenose College, Oxford]], is founded by a lawyer, Sir [[Richard Sutton (lawyer)|Richard Sutton]], of Prestbury, Cheshire, and the Bishop of Lincoln, [[William Smyth]].<ref name="A History of Brasenose">{{cite web |title=A History of Brasenose |url=https://www.bnc.ox.ac.uk/about-brasenose/history/archives/history |website=bnc.ox.ac.uk |access-date=23 March 2022}}</ref>
* [[June 19]] &ndash; [[Brasenose College, Oxford]], is founded by a lawyer, Sir [[Richard Sutton (lawyer)|Richard Sutton]], of Prestbury, Cheshire, and the Bishop of Lincoln, [[William Smyth]].<ref name="A History of Brasenose">{{cite web |title=A History of Brasenose |url=https://www.bnc.ox.ac.uk/about-brasenose/history/archives/history |website=bnc.ox.ac.uk |access-date=23 March 2022}}</ref>
* [[June 24]] &ndash; King [[Henry VIII of England]] and Queen Consort [[Catherine of Aragon]] are crowned.<ref>J.J. Scarisbrick, ''Henry VIII'' (1968) pp. 500–1.</ref>
* [[June 24]] &ndash; King [[Henry VIII]] and Queen Consort [[Catherine of Aragon]] are crowned.<ref>J.J. Scarisbrick, ''Henry VIII'' (1968) pp. 500–1.</ref>


=== July&ndash;September ===
=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 17]] &ndash; Venetian forces retake the city of [[Padua]] from French forces.<ref>{{Cite book|title=A History of Venice'|last=Norwich|first=John Julius|publisher=Alfred B. Knopf|year=1982|location=New York|isbn=9780394524108|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NX-nxgEACAAJ|language=en|access-date=2020-12-06}}</ref>
* [[July 17]] &ndash; Venetian forces retake the city of [[Padua]] from French forces.<ref>{{Cite book|title=A History of Venice'|last=Norwich|first=John Julius|publisher=Alfred B. Knopf|year=1982|location=New York|isbn=9780394524108|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NX-nxgEACAAJ|language=en|access-date=2020-12-06}}</ref>
* [[July 26]] &ndash; [[Krishnadevaraya]] ascends the throne of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Srinivasan|first=C. R.|title=Kanchipuram Through the Ages|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dJEcAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=25 July 2014|year=1979|publisher=Agam Kala Prakashan|oclc=5834894|page=200}}{{ISBN missing|date=January 2022}}</ref>
* [[July 26]] &ndash; [[Krishnadevaraya]] ascends the throne of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Srinivasan|first=C. R.|title=Kanchipuram Through the Ages|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dJEcAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=25 July 2014|year=1979|publisher=Agam Kala Prakashan|oclc=5834894|page=200}}{{ISBN missing|date=January 2022}}</ref>
* [[August 8]] &ndash; Maximillian I of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] along with French allies begins a [[siege of Padua]] that would last for months to retake the city.<ref name="War of the League of Cambrai"/>
* [[August 10]] &ndash; Maximillian I of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] along with French allies begins a [[siege of Padua]] that would last for months to retake the city.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Mallett|first1=Michael|last2=Shaw|first2=Christine|title=The Italian Wars 1494-1559: War, State and Society in Early Modern Europe|year=2014|orig-year=2012|location=London and New York|publisher=Routledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KnnJAwAAQBAJ&pg=PR3|pages=94 |isbn=978-1-317-89939-6 }}</ref>
* [[August 19]] &ndash; Maximillian I orders all [[Jews]] within the Holy Roman Empire to destroy all books opposing [[Christianity]].<ref name=Catholic/>
* [[August 19]] &ndash; Maximillian I orders all [[Jews]] within the Holy Roman Empire to destroy all books opposing [[Christianity]].<ref name=Catholic/>
* [[September 10]] &ndash; The [[1509 Constantinople earthquake|Constantinople earthquake]] destroys 109 mosques and kills an estimated 10,000 people.<ref name="DailySabah">{{cite news |last1=Afyoncu |first1=Erhan |title=A glimpse of doom: Istanbul's earthquakes in history |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/opinion/op-ed/a-glimpse-of-doom-istanbuls-earthquakes-in-history/ |access-date=10 September 2020 |agency=[[Daily Sabah]] |publisher=Historian, Chancellor of the National Defense University of Ankara |date=28 July 2020}}</ref>
* [[September 10]] &ndash; The [[1509 Constantinople earthquake|Constantinople earthquake]] destroys 109 mosques and kills an estimated 10,000 people.<ref name="DailySabah">{{cite news |last1=Afyoncu |first1=Erhan |title=A glimpse of doom: Istanbul's earthquakes in history |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/opinion/op-ed/a-glimpse-of-doom-istanbuls-earthquakes-in-history/ |access-date=10 September 2020 |agency=[[Daily Sabah]] |publisher=Historian, Chancellor of the National Defense University of Ankara |date=28 July 2020}}</ref>
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=== October&ndash;December ===
=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 2]] &ndash; The siege of Padua ends with Venetian victory, causing the retreat of HRE and French forces back to [[Tyrol]] and [[Milan]]. The Venetians soon recapture the city of [[Vicenza]].<ref name="War of the League of Cambrai"/>
* [[October 1]] &ndash; The siege of Padua ends with Venetian victory, causing the retreat of HRE and French forces back to [[Tyrol]] and [[Milan]].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Mallett|first1=Michael|last2=Shaw|first2=Christine|title=The Italian Wars 1494-1559: War, State and Society in Early Modern Europe|year=2014|orig-year=2012|location=London and New York|publisher=Routledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KnnJAwAAQBAJ&pg=PR3|pages=95 |isbn=978-1-317-89939-6 }}</ref>
* [[November 4]] &ndash; [[Afonso de Albuquerque]] becomes the Viceroy of [[Portuguese India]],<ref name="Albuquerque p. 1">{{harvnb|Stephens|1897|p=1}}</ref> replacing [[Francisco de Almeida]], who departs five days later from [[Diu, India|Diu]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Goodwin|first=A. J. H.|date=1952|title=Jan van Riebeeck and the Hottentots 1652–1662|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3887530|journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin|volume=7|issue=25|pages=2–6|doi=10.2307/3887530|jstor=3887530|issn=0038-1969|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Almeida never makes it home, getting [[Battle of Salt River|killed along with his 64 men in a battle]] on March 1 with the local [[Khoekhoe]] people at [[South Africa]]'s [[Cape of Good Hope]].  
* [[November 4]] &ndash; [[Afonso de Albuquerque]] becomes the Viceroy of [[Portuguese India]],<ref name="Albuquerque p. 1">{{harvnb|Stephens|1897|p=1}}</ref> replacing [[Francisco de Almeida]], who departs five days later from [[Diu, India|Diu]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Goodwin|first=A. J. H.|date=1952|title=Jan van Riebeeck and the Hottentots 1652–1662|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3887530|journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin|volume=7|issue=25|pages=2–6|doi=10.2307/3887530|jstor=3887530|issn=0038-1969|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Almeida never makes it home, getting [[Battle of Salt River|killed along with his 64 men in a battle]] on March 1 with the local [[Khoekhoe]] people at [[South Africa]]'s [[Cape of Good Hope]].  
* [[November 10]] &ndash; [[Uriel von Gemmingen]] is assigned to secure others' opinions before continuing the Jewish book purge started on August 19th.<ref name=Catholic/>
* [[November 10]] &ndash; [[Uriel von Gemmingen]] is assigned to secure others' opinions before continuing the Jewish book purge started on August 19th.<ref name=Catholic/>

Latest revision as of 16:32, 10 September 2025

Template:Use mdy dates Template:About year Template:Year nav

File:1509 Great Istanbul Earthquake.jpg
September 10: Earthquake kills thousands in Constantinople.

Script error: No such module "Sidebar". Script error: No such module "Year in various calendars".

Year 1509 (MDIX) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.

Events

January–March

File:Insigne vitória alcançada pelo Vice-Rei D. Francisco de Almeida contra as armadas do Sultão do Egito, e dos Reis de Cambaia e Calecute.jpg
February 3: Almeida and troops defeat Indian and Egyptian forces at the Battle of Diu

April–June

July–September

October–December

Date unknown


Births

File:Jan van Leiden by Aldegrever.jpg
John of Leiden

Date unknown

Deaths

File:Enrique VII de Inglaterra, por un artista anónimo.jpg
Henry VII of England

Date unknown

References

Template:Reflist

Sources

Template:Refbegin

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  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Template:Refend

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ J.J. Scarisbrick, Henry VIII (1968) pp. 500–1.
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:ISBN missing
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Template:De-ADB
  32. ↑ Albani Giangirolamo Template:Webarchive Civica Biblioteca Angelo Maj Bergamo
  33. ↑ Template:CathEncy
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ "The Cardinal Ippolito II d'Este", Tibersuperbum
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. ↑ Quinn, David B. Explorers and Colonies: America, 1500-1625. London: Hambleton Press, 1990. Template:ISBN
  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. ↑ Kawanakajima 1553–64: Samurai power struggle Turnball, S. 2013.
  57. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  58. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. ↑ Winfried Dotzauer: Geschichte des Nahe-Hunsrück-Raumes von den Anfängen bis zur Französischen Revolution, Franz Steiner Verlag, 2001
  60. ↑ From 1493; he was bishop of Frascati in 1503, bishop of Palestrina in 1507, bishop of Sabina in 1508.
  61. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  64. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ Albuquerque's Commentaries, vol. ii, p.49 online
  67. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  69. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  70. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  71. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  72. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  73. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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