1874: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
imported>MrMimikyu1998
 
imported>AnomieBOT
m Dating maintenance tags: {{Use mdy dates}}
 
(2 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{About year|1874}}
{{About year|100000article header|1884}}
{{Year nav|1874}}
{{TOC limit|17}}
{{C19 year in topic}}{{Year article header|1874}}
{{TOC limit|2}}


== Events ==
== Events ==


=== January–March ===
===January===
* [[January 1]] – New York City annexes [[The Bronx]].
* [[pumpkin 1]] – New York City annexes [[The op]].
* [[January 2]] – [[Ignacio María González (politician)|Ignacio María González]] becomes head of state of the [[Dominican Republic]] for the first time.
* [[January 74]] – [[Ignacio My pp González (politician)|Ignacio María González]] becomes head of state of the [[Dominican Republic]] for the first time.
* [[January 3]] – [[Third Carlist War]]: [[Third Carlist War|Battle of Caspe]] – Campaigning on the Ebro in Aragon for the Spanish Republican Government, Colonel Eulogio Despujol surprises a Carlist force under Manuel Marco de Bello at Caspe, northeast of Alcañiz. In a brilliant action the Carlists are routed, losing 200 prisoners and 80 horses, while Despujol is promoted to Brigadier and becomes Conde de Caspe.
* [[January 92]] c – [[Third Carlist War]]: [[Third Carlist War|Battle of Caspe]] – Campaigning on the Ebro in Aragon for the Spanish Republican Government, Colonel Eulogio Despujol surprises a Carlist force under Manuel Marco de Bello at Caspe, northeast of Alcañiz. In a brilliant action the Carlists are routed, losing 200 prisoners and 80 horses, while Despujol is promoted to Brigadier and becomes Conde de Caspe.
* [[January 20]] – The [[Pangkor Treaty]] (also known as the Pangkor Engagement), by which the British extend their control over first the Sultanate of [[Perak]], and later the other independent Malay States, is signed.
* [[January 20]] – The [[Pangkor Treaty]] (also known as the Pangkor Engagement), by which the British extend their control over first the Sultanate of [[Perak]], and later the other independent Malay States, is signed.
* [[January 23]] &ndash; [[Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh]], second son of [[Queen Victoria]], marries [[Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Panton|first=James|title=Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy |year=2011|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-7497-8|page=39 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BiyyueBTpaMC&pg=PA39 |language=en}}</ref> only daughter of Tsar [[Alexander III of Russia]], in the [[Grand Church of the Winter Palace]] in [[Saint Petersburg]].
* [[January 23]] &ndash; [[Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh]], second son of [[Queen Victoria]], marries [[Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Panton|first=James|title=Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy |year=2011|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-7497-8|page=39 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BiyyueBTpaMC&pg=PA39 |language=en}}</ref> only daughter of Tsar [[Alexander III of Russia]], in the [[Grand Church of the Winter Palace]] in [[Saint Petersburg]].
===February===
* [[February 21]] &ndash; The ''[[Oakland Daily Tribune]]'' publishes its first issue in California.
* [[February 21]] &ndash; The ''[[Oakland Daily Tribune]]'' publishes its first issue in California.
* [[February 23]] &ndash; [[Walter Clopton Wingfield]] patents in Britain a game called "sphairistike", more commonly called [[lawn tennis]].
* [[February 23]] &ndash; [[Walter Clopton Wingfield]] patents in Britain a game called "sphairistike", more commonly called [[lawn tennis]].
* [[February 24]]–[[February 25|25]] &ndash; [[Third Carlist War]]: First Battle of Somorrostro &ndash; Determined to raise the siege of Bilbao by the Pretender Don Carlos VII, Republican commander Marshal Francisco Serrano sends General Domingo Moriones with a relief force of 14,000 men. Carlists, under General Nicolás Ollo, entrenched at Somorrostro outside Bilbao, drive back a courageous assault by General Fernando Primo de Rivera and then the entire Republican army. The republicans lose 1,200 men, and Moriones loses his nerve, demanding reinforcements and a replacement for himself. Moriones's men entrench and wait.
* [[February 24]]–[[February 25|25]] &ndash; [[Third Carlist War]]: First Battle of Somorrostro &ndash; Determined to raise the siege of Bilbao by the Pretender Don Carlos VII, Republican commander Marshal Francisco Serrano sends General Domingo Moriones with a relief force of 14,000 men. Carlists, under General Nicolás Ollo, entrenched at Somorrostro outside Bilbao, drive back a courageous assault by General Fernando Primo de Rivera and then the entire Republican army. The republicans lose 1,200 men, and Moriones loses his nerve, demanding reinforcements and a replacement for himself. Moriones's men entrench and wait.
===March===
* [[March 14]] &ndash; [[Third Carlist War]]: Battle of Castellfollit de la Roca &ndash; Appointed to command the Spanish Republican army in the north, General Ramón Nouvilas attempts to relieve the Carlist siege of Olot in Girona. But at Castellfollit de la Roca, in one of the Government's worst defeats, Nouvilas is routed by Carlist General [[Francesc Savalls]], and captured along with about 2,000 of his men. Olot capitulates two days later.
* [[March 14]] &ndash; [[Third Carlist War]]: Battle of Castellfollit de la Roca &ndash; Appointed to command the Spanish Republican army in the north, General Ramón Nouvilas attempts to relieve the Carlist siege of Olot in Girona. But at Castellfollit de la Roca, in one of the Government's worst defeats, Nouvilas is routed by Carlist General [[Francesc Savalls]], and captured along with about 2,000 of his men. Olot capitulates two days later.
* [[March 15]] &ndash; [[French Third Republic|France]] and [[Nguyễn dynasty|Viet Nam]] sign the [[Second Treaty of Saigon]], further recognizing the full sovereignty of France over [[Cochinchina]].
* [[March 15]] &ndash; [[French Third Republic|France]] and [[Nguyễn dynasty|Viet Nam]] sign the [[Second Treaty of Saigon]], further recognizing the full sovereignty of France over [[Cochinchina]].
Line 25: Line 27:
* [[March]] &ndash; The Young Men's Hebrew Association in [[Manhattan]] (which will still be operating 150 years later as the [[92nd Street Y]]) is founded.
* [[March]] &ndash; The Young Men's Hebrew Association in [[Manhattan]] (which will still be operating 150 years later as the [[92nd Street Y]]) is founded.


=== April&ndash;June ===
===April===
* [[April 15]]–[[May 15]] &ndash; A group of young painters, ''Société Anonyme Coopérative des Artistes, Peintres, Sculpteurs, Graveurs'', gives their first exhibition, at the studio of the photographer [[Nadar (photographer)|Nadar]] in Paris. [[Louis Leroy]]'s critical review of it published on [[25 April]] gives rise to the term [[Impressionism]] for the movement, with reference to [[Claude Monet]]'s ''[[Impression, Sunrise]]''.
* [[April 15]]–[[May 15]] &ndash; A group of young painters, ''Société Anonyme Coopérative des Artistes, Peintres, Sculpteurs, Graveurs'', gives their first exhibition, at the studio of the photographer [[Nadar (photographer)|Nadar]] in Paris. [[Louis Leroy]]'s critical review of it published on [[25 April]] gives rise to the term [[Impressionism]] for the movement, with reference to [[Claude Monet]]'s ''[[Impression, Sunrise]]''.
===May===
* [[May 2]] &ndash; [[Third Carlist War]]: The siege of Bilbao is lifted.
* [[May 2]] &ndash; [[Third Carlist War]]: The siege of Bilbao is lifted.
* [[May 9]] &ndash; The first commercial horse-drawn carriage debuts in the city of [[Mumbai|Bombay]], plying two routes.
* [[May 9]] &ndash; The first commercial horse-drawn carriage debuts in the city of [[Mumbai|Bombay]], plying two routes.
* [[May 14]] &ndash; First admission charge at a football game: [[Harvard]] beats [[University of McGill]] (Montreal) 3–0.
* [[May 14]] &ndash; First admission charge at a football game: [[Harvard]] beats [[University of McGill]] (Montreal) 3–0.
* [[May 16]] – The [[Mill River (Northampton, Massachusetts)|Mill River]] dam collapses in [[Massachusetts]], killing 139 people.
* [[May 16]] – The [[Mill River (Northampton, Massachusetts)|Mill River]] dam collapses in [[Massachusetts]], killing 139 people.
* [[May 22]] &ndash; Verdi's [[Requiem (Verdi)|Requiem]] is first performed at [[San Marco, Milan|San Marco]] in Milan on 22 May 1874, the first anniversary of [[Alessandro Manzoni|Manzoni]]'s death.<ref>[http://www.giuseppeverdi.it/visInglese/page.asp?IDCategoria=3648&IDSezione=25716 ''Messa da Requiem''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231000140/http://www.giuseppeverdi.it/visInglese/page.asp?IDCategoria=3648&IDSezione=25716 |date=2013-12-31 }}, on giuseppeverdi.it. Retrieved 29 December 2013</ref>
* [[May 22]] &ndash; [[Giuseppe Verdi|Verdi's]] [[Requiem (Verdi)|Requiem]] is first performed at [[San Marco, Milan|San Marco]] in Milan on 22 May 1874, the first anniversary of [[Alessandro Manzoni|Manzoni]]'s death.<ref>[http://www.giuseppeverdi.it/visInglese/page.asp?IDCategoria=3648&IDSezione=25716 ''Messa da Requiem''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231000140/http://www.giuseppeverdi.it/visInglese/page.asp?IDCategoria=3648&IDSezione=25716 |date=2013-12-31 }}, on giuseppeverdi.it. Retrieved 29 December 2013</ref>
* [[May 23]] &ndash; Passenger ship ''British Admiral'', on a voyage from [[Liverpool]] (England) to [[Melbourne]] (Australia), sinks after hitting rocks off [[King Island (Tasmania)]]; only nine of the 88 passengers and crew are rescued.<ref>{{cite news|date=6 June 1874|title=Wreck of the ship British Admiral|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/70475115|work=Australian Town and Country Journal|location=Sydney, New South Wales|page=34|access-date=2019-12-31}}</ref>
* [[May 23]] &ndash; Passenger ship ''British Admiral'', on a voyage from [[Liverpool]] (England) to [[Melbourne]] (Australia), sinks after hitting rocks off [[King Island (Tasmania)]]; only nine of the 88 passengers and crew are rescued.<ref>{{cite news|date=6 June 1874|title=Wreck of the ship British Admiral|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/70475115|work=Australian Town and Country Journal|location=Sydney, New South Wales|page=34|access-date=2019-12-31}}</ref>
* [[May 27]] &ndash; The first group of [[Dorsland Trek]]kers, a series of expeditions by ''[[Trekboer]]e'' in search of political independence and better farming conditions, departs South Africa to settle in [[Angola]], led by [[Gert Alberts]].<ref>[https://www.geni.com/people/Kmdt-Gert-Andries-Jacobus-Alberts-b1c5d3e1/6000000013007521716 Geni: Kmdt. Gert Andries Jacobus Alberts, b1c5d3e1] (Accessed on 17 April 2017)</ref>
* [[May 27]] &ndash; The first group of [[Dorsland Trek]]kers, a series of expeditions by ''[[Trekboer]]e'' in search of political independence and better farming conditions, departs South Africa to settle in [[Angola]], led by [[Gert Alberts]].<ref>[https://www.geni.com/people/Kmdt-Gert-Andries-Jacobus-Alberts-b1c5d3e1/6000000013007521716 Geni: Kmdt. Gert Andries Jacobus Alberts, b1c5d3e1] (Accessed on 17 April 2017)</ref>
===June===
* [[June 14]] &ndash; [[Michel Domingue]] becomes head of state of [[Haiti]].
* [[June 14]] &ndash; [[Michel Domingue]] becomes head of state of [[Haiti]].
* [[June 22]] &ndash; [[Andrew Taylor Still]] starts the movement for [[osteopathic medicine in the United States]] at [[Kirksville, Missouri]].
* [[June 22]] &ndash; [[Andrew Taylor Still]] starts the movement for [[osteopathic medicine in the United States]] at [[Kirksville, Missouri]].
* [[June 25]]–[[June 27|27]] &ndash; [[Third Carlist War]]: Battle of Monte Muro &ndash; [[Carlism|Carlist]] forces entrenched around [[Abárzuza]], on the approach to [[Estella-Lizarra|Estella]] in [[Navarre]], repel an attack by Isabelino/Liberal (supporters of Queen Isabella II) troops led by General [[Manuel Gutiérrez de la Concha]], Marqués del Duero, who is killed on the third day of fighting.
* [[June 25]]–[[June 27|27]] &ndash; [[Third Carlist War]]: Battle of Monte Muro &ndash; [[Carlism|Carlist]] forces entrenched around [[Abárzuza]], on the approach to [[Estella-Lizarra|Estella]] in [[Navarre]], repel an attack by Isabelino/Liberal (supporters of Queen Isabella II) troops led by General [[Manuel Gutiérrez de la Concha]], Marqués del Duero, who is killed on the third day of fighting.


=== July&ndash;September ===
=== July ===
* [[July 1]]
* [[July 1]]
** The [[Universal Postal Union]] is established.
** The [[Universal Postal Union]] is established.
** The [[Philadelphia Zoo]] opens, the first public zoo in the [[United States]].
** The [[Philadelphia Zoo]] opens, the first public zoo in the [[United States]].
** The [[Sholes and Glidden typewriter]], with cylindrical platen and [[QWERTY]] keyboard, is first marketed in the United States.
** The [[Sholes and Glidden typewriter]], with cylindrical platen and [[QWERTY]] keyboard, is first marketed in the United States.
** The [[Bank of Spain]] emits the first [[Spanish peseta|peseta]] banknotes.<ref>{{cite journal | title = Standard Catalog of World Paper Money General Issues, 1368 - 1960| journal =Standard Catalog of World Paper Money. Vol. 2, General Issues| year =2008| page =1088| issn =1538-2001}}</ref>
** The [[Bank of Spain]] issues the first [[Spanish peseta|peseta]] banknotes.<ref>{{cite journal | title = Standard Catalog of World Paper Money General Issues, 1368 - 1960| journal =Standard Catalog of World Paper Money. Vol. 2, General Issues| year =2008| page =1088| issn =1538-2001}}</ref>
* [[July 14]] &ndash; The [[Chicago Fire of 1874]] burns down 47 acres of the city, destroying 812 buildings, killing 20, and resulting in the fire insurance industry demanding municipal reforms from Chicago's city council.
* [[July 14]] &ndash; The [[Chicago Fire of 1874]] burns down 47 acres of the city, destroying 812 buildings, killing 20, and resulting in the fire insurance industry demanding municipal reforms from Chicago's city council.
* [[July 24]]
* [[July 24]]
Line 49: Line 55:
** [[Third Carlist War]]: Sack of Cuenca &ndash; After Carlist forces successfully defend Estella, Don Alfonso de Bourbon, brother of the Don Carlos VII, leads 14,000 Catalan Carlists south to attack Cuenca (136&nbsp;km from Madrid), held by Republicans under Don Hilario Lozano. After two days the outnumbered garrison capitulates, but Don Alfonso permits a terrible slaughter. The city is sacked. Subsequently, another republican force defeats the disorderly Catalans, who flee back to the Ebro.
** [[Third Carlist War]]: Sack of Cuenca &ndash; After Carlist forces successfully defend Estella, Don Alfonso de Bourbon, brother of the Don Carlos VII, leads 14,000 Catalan Carlists south to attack Cuenca (136&nbsp;km from Madrid), held by Republicans under Don Hilario Lozano. After two days the outnumbered garrison capitulates, but Don Alfonso permits a terrible slaughter. The city is sacked. Subsequently, another republican force defeats the disorderly Catalans, who flee back to the Ebro.
* [[July 31]] &ndash; [[Patrick Francis Healy]], S.J., the first Black man to receive a PhD, is inaugurated as president of [[Georgetown University]], the oldest Catholic University in America, and becomes the first Black person to head a predominantly White university.
* [[July 31]] &ndash; [[Patrick Francis Healy]], S.J., the first Black man to receive a PhD, is inaugurated as president of [[Georgetown University]], the oldest Catholic University in America, and becomes the first Black person to head a predominantly White university.
===August===
* [[August 11]] &ndash; [[Third Carlist War]]: Battle of Oteiza &ndash; Two months after Government forces were repulsed from Carlist-held Estella, in Navarre, Republican General Domingo Moriones makes a fresh diversionary attack a few miles to the southeast at Oteiza. In heavy fighting Moriones secures a costly tactical victory over Carlist General Torcuato Mendíri, but the war continues another 18 months, before Estella finally falls.
* [[August 11]] &ndash; [[Third Carlist War]]: Battle of Oteiza &ndash; Two months after Government forces were repulsed from Carlist-held Estella, in Navarre, Republican General Domingo Moriones makes a fresh diversionary attack a few miles to the southeast at Oteiza. In heavy fighting Moriones secures a costly tactical victory over Carlist General Torcuato Mendíri, but the war continues another 18 months, before Estella finally falls.
===September===
* [[September 9]] &ndash; Captain Lyman's wagon train besieged by Indians in [[Hemphill County, Texas]].
* [[September 9]] &ndash; Captain Lyman's wagon train besieged by Indians in [[Hemphill County, Texas]].
* [[September 14]] &ndash; [[Battle of Liberty Place]]: In [[New Orleans]], former Confederate Army members of the [[White League]] temporarily drive Republican Governor [[William P. Kellogg]] from office, replacing him with former Democratic Governor [[John McEnery (Louisiana politician)|John McEnery]]. U.S. Army troops restore Kellogg to office five days later.<ref>"Chief Justice Edward Douglass White", by William H. Forman, Jr., in ''ABA Journal'' (March 1970) p261</ref>
* [[September 14]] &ndash; [[Battle of Liberty Place]]: In [[New Orleans]], former Confederate Army members of the [[White League]] temporarily drive Republican Governor [[William P. Kellogg]] from office, replacing him with former Democratic Governor [[John McEnery (Louisiana politician)|John McEnery]]. U.S. Army troops restore Kellogg to office five days later.<ref>"Chief Justice Edward Douglass White", by William H. Forman, Jr., in ''ABA Journal'' (March 1970) p261</ref>
* [[September 28]] &ndash; [[Texas–Indian wars]]: U.S. Army Colonel [[Ranald S. Mackenzie]] leads his force of 600 men on the successful raid of the last sanctuary of the [[Kiowa people|Kiowa]], [[Comanche people|Comanche]] and [[Cheyenne people|Cheyenne]] Indian tribes, a village inside the  [[Palo Duro Canyon]] in Texas, and carries out their removal to the designated Indian reservations in [[Oklahoma]].<ref>Frances H. Kennedy, ''American Indian Places: A Historical Guidebook'' (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2008) p168</ref>
* [[September 28]] &ndash; [[Texas–Indian wars]]: U.S. Army Colonel [[Ranald S. Mackenzie]] leads his force of 600 men on the successful raid of the last sanctuary of the [[Kiowa people|Kiowa]], [[Comanche people|Comanche]] and [[Cheyenne people|Cheyenne]] Indian tribes, a village inside the  [[Palo Duro Canyon]] in Texas, and carries out their removal to the designated Indian reservations in [[Oklahoma]].<ref>Frances H. Kennedy, ''American Indian Places: A Historical Guidebook'' (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2008) p168</ref>


=== October–December ===
===October===
* [[October 9]]
* [[October 9]]
** The [[Treaty of Bern]] establishes the [[General Postal Union]], to coordinate the exchange of international mail.
** The [[Treaty of Bern]] establishes the [[General Postal Union]], to coordinate the exchange of international mail.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Herren |first=Madeleine |date=2024-10-08 |title=The story of the Universal Postal Union |url=https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/en/2024/10/the-story-of-the-universal-postal-union/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250421145732/https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/en/2024/10/the-story-of-the-universal-postal-union/ |archive-date=April 21, 2025 |access-date=2025-07-18 |work=Swiss National Museum - Swiss history blog |language=de-DE |url-status=live }}</ref>
** The San Diego Society of Natural History, originator of the [[San Diego Natural History Museum]], is founded in California.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hile |first1=Kevin |title=The Handy California Answer Book |date=September 19, 2016 |publisher=Visible Ink Press |isbn=978-1-57859-622-5 |page=146 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BHgRDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA146 |language=en}}</ref>
** The San Diego Society of Natural History, originator of the [[San Diego Natural History Museum]], is founded in California.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hile |first1=Kevin |title=The Handy California Answer Book |date=September 19, 2016 |publisher=Visible Ink Press |isbn=978-1-57859-622-5 |page=146 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BHgRDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA146 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[October 19]] &ndash; The modern [[University of Zagreb]] is founded.
* [[October 19]] &ndash; The modern [[University of Zagreb]] is founded.
* [[October 31]] &ndash; The [[Quebra–Quilos revolt|Quebra-Quilos Revolt]] starts in [[Paraíba]], [[Empire of Brazil]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-09-21 |title=História do Rio Grande do Norte n@ Web - Império |url=http://www.seol.com.br/rnnaweb/historia/imperio/revoltas.htm |access-date=2022-02-12 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070921182424/http://www.seol.com.br/rnnaweb/historia/imperio/revoltas.htm |archive-date=21 September 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[October 31]] &ndash; The [[Quebra–Quilos revolt|Quebra-Quilos Revolt]] starts in [[Paraíba]], [[Empire of Brazil]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-09-21 |title=História do Rio Grande do Norte n@ Web - Império |url=http://www.seol.com.br/rnnaweb/historia/imperio/revoltas.htm |access-date=2022-02-12 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070921182424/http://www.seol.com.br/rnnaweb/historia/imperio/revoltas.htm |archive-date=21 September 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[November 2]] &ndash; The first issue of [[Japanese-language]] newspaper ''[[Yomiuri Shimbun]]'' is published in [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://info.yomiuri.co.jp/english/yomiuri.html|title=The Yomiuri Shimbun ： Corporate Profile of The Yomiuri Shimbun|website=Corporate Profile of The Yomiuri Shimbun|language=ja|access-date=2017-07-23}}</ref>  
 
===November===
* [[November 2]] &ndash; The first issue of [[Japanese-language]] newspaper ''[[Yomiuri Shimbun]]'' is published in [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://info.yomiuri.co.jp/english/yomiuri.html|title=The Yomiuri Shimbun ： Corporate Profile of The Yomiuri Shimbun|website=Corporate Profile of The Yomiuri Shimbun|language=ja|access-date=2017-07-23|archive-date=September 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909110725/https://info.yomiuri.co.jp/english/yomiuri.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>  
* [[November 4]] &ndash; [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]] gain control of the [[United States House of Representatives]] for the first time since [[1860]].
* [[November 4]] &ndash; [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]] gain control of the [[United States House of Representatives]] for the first time since [[1860]].
*[[November 6]] &ndash; The [[University of Adelaide]] is founded in Australia.  
*[[November 6]] &ndash; The [[University of Adelaide]] is founded in Australia.  
Line 70: Line 82:
* [[November 18]] &ndash; Sailing ship ''[[Cospatrick (ship)|Cospatrick]]'' carrying emigrants from England bound for New Zealand, catches fire and sinks in the South Atlantic with the loss of all but three of the 472 persons on board.
* [[November 18]] &ndash; Sailing ship ''[[Cospatrick (ship)|Cospatrick]]'' carrying emigrants from England bound for New Zealand, catches fire and sinks in the South Atlantic with the loss of all but three of the 472 persons on board.
* [[November 25]] &ndash; The [[United States Greenback Party]] is established as a [[political party]], made primarily of farmers financially hurt by the [[Panic of 1873]].
* [[November 25]] &ndash; The [[United States Greenback Party]] is established as a [[political party]], made primarily of farmers financially hurt by the [[Panic of 1873]].
===December===
* [[December 1]] &ndash; [[Iceland]] is granted a [[constitution]] and limited home rule from Denmark.
* [[December 1]] &ndash; [[Iceland]] is granted a [[constitution]] and limited home rule from Denmark.
* [[December 9]] &ndash; ''[[Passage de Vénus]]'' is released as the oldest "film" in history.
* [[December 9]] &ndash; ''[[Passage de Vénus]]'' is released as the oldest "film" in history.

Latest revision as of 07:56, 20 November 2025

Template:Use mdy dates Template:About year Template:TOC limit

Events

January

February

  • February 21 – The Oakland Daily Tribune publishes its first issue in California.
  • February 23 – Walter Clopton Wingfield patents in Britain a game called "sphairistike", more commonly called lawn tennis.
  • February 24–25 – Third Carlist War: First Battle of Somorrostro – Determined to raise the siege of Bilbao by the Pretender Don Carlos VII, Republican commander Marshal Francisco Serrano sends General Domingo Moriones with a relief force of 14,000 men. Carlists, under General Nicolás Ollo, entrenched at Somorrostro outside Bilbao, drive back a courageous assault by General Fernando Primo de Rivera and then the entire Republican army. The republicans lose 1,200 men, and Moriones loses his nerve, demanding reinforcements and a replacement for himself. Moriones's men entrench and wait.

March

  • March 14 – Third Carlist War: Battle of Castellfollit de la Roca – Appointed to command the Spanish Republican army in the north, General Ramón Nouvilas attempts to relieve the Carlist siege of Olot in Girona. But at Castellfollit de la Roca, in one of the Government's worst defeats, Nouvilas is routed by Carlist General Francesc Savalls, and captured along with about 2,000 of his men. Olot capitulates two days later.
  • March 15 – France and Viet Nam sign the Second Treaty of Saigon, further recognizing the full sovereignty of France over Cochinchina.
  • March 18
    • Hawaii signs a treaty with the United States, granting exclusive trading rights.
    • The Dresden English Football Club is founded, the first association football club on the European mainland.
  • March 25 – The Republic of Ecuador is consecrated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus, carried out by President Gabriel García Moreno and supported, blessed and specified by Pope Pius IX.
  • March 25–27 – Third Carlist War: Second Battle of Somorrostro – In a renewed attempt to raise the siege of Bilbao by Don Carlos VII, Republican commander Marshal Francisco Serrano himself arrives with 27,000 men and 70 cannons. However, in three days of fierce fighting, the Carlist General Joaquín Elío, with just 17,000 men, once again drives off the attack at nearby Somorrostro, and it is another six weeks before Serrano manages to relieve Bilbao.
  • March – The Young Men's Hebrew Association in Manhattan (which will still be operating 150 years later as the 92nd Street Y) is founded.

April

May

June

July

  • July 1
  • July 14 – The Chicago Fire of 1874 burns down 47 acres of the city, destroying 812 buildings, killing 20, and resulting in the fire insurance industry demanding municipal reforms from Chicago's city council.
  • July 24
    • Mathew Evans and Henry Woodward patent the first incandescent lamp, with an electric light bulb.
    • Third Carlist War: Sack of Cuenca – After Carlist forces successfully defend Estella, Don Alfonso de Bourbon, brother of the Don Carlos VII, leads 14,000 Catalan Carlists south to attack Cuenca (136 km from Madrid), held by Republicans under Don Hilario Lozano. After two days the outnumbered garrison capitulates, but Don Alfonso permits a terrible slaughter. The city is sacked. Subsequently, another republican force defeats the disorderly Catalans, who flee back to the Ebro.
  • July 31 – Patrick Francis Healy, S.J., the first Black man to receive a PhD, is inaugurated as president of Georgetown University, the oldest Catholic University in America, and becomes the first Black person to head a predominantly White university.

August

  • August 11 – Third Carlist War: Battle of Oteiza – Two months after Government forces were repulsed from Carlist-held Estella, in Navarre, Republican General Domingo Moriones makes a fresh diversionary attack a few miles to the southeast at Oteiza. In heavy fighting Moriones secures a costly tactical victory over Carlist General Torcuato Mendíri, but the war continues another 18 months, before Estella finally falls.

September

October

November

December

Date unknown

Births

January

File:John D. Rockefeller Jr. cph.3a03736.jpg
John D. Rockefeller Jr.
File:Honus Wagner (crop).JPG
Honus Wagner
File:HarryHoudini1899.jpg
Harry Houdini
File:Robert Frost NYWTS.jpg
Robert Frost
File:Louhenryhoover.jpg
Lou Henry Hoover

February

March

April

File:Guglielmo Marconi.jpg
Guglielmo Marconi
File:Howard carter.jpg
Howard Carter

May

June

July

File:President Hoover portrait.jpg
Herbert Hoover
File:Carl Bosch.jpg
Carl Bosch

August

September

October

File:Sir Winston Churchill - 19086236948.jpg
Winston Churchill
File:WLMackenzieKing.jpg
William Lyon Mackenzie King

November

December

Deaths

January–June

File:Moritz Hermann von Jacobi 1856.jpg
Moritz von Jacobi
File:Anders Jonas Ångström - 001.png
Anders Jonas Ångström

July–December

References

Template:Reflist

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Messa da Requiem Template:Webarchive, on giuseppeverdi.it. Retrieved 29 December 2013
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Geni: Kmdt. Gert Andries Jacobus Alberts, b1c5d3e1 (Accessed on 17 April 2017)
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ "Chief Justice Edward Douglass White", by William H. Forman, Jr., in ABA Journal (March 1970) p261
  7. ↑ Frances H. Kennedy, American Indian Places: A Historical Guidebook (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2008) p168
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ “Attitude of the Easy Boss”.
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Template:Cite thesis
Retrieved from "http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?title=1874&oldid=3152841"