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{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{About year|1492}}
{{About year|1492}}
[[File:Columbus Taking Possession.jpg|thumb|250px|[[October 12]] &ndash; [[Christopher Columbus]] arrives in the Americas from Spain.]]<onlyinclude>
{{Year nav|1492}}
{{Year nav|1492}}
{{C15 year in topic}}Year '''1492''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCDXCII]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Sunday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].
{{C15 year in topic}}Year '''1492''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCDXCII]]''') is a [[leap year starting on Sunday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].


1492 is considered to be a significant year in the history of [[Western world|the West]], [[Europe]], [[Christianity]], [[Islam]], [[Judaism]], [[Spain]], and the [[New World]], among others, because of the number of significant events that took place.
1492 is considered to be a significant year in the history of [[Western world|the West]], [[Europe]], [[Christianity]], [[Islam]], [[Judaism]], [[Spain]], and the [[New World]], among others, because of the number of significant events that took place.
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== Events ==
== Events ==
[[File:La Rendición de Granada - Pradilla.jpg|thumb|right|[[January 2]] &ndash; [[Muhammad XII of Granada|Muhammad XII]], last [[Moors|Moorish]] [[Emirate of Granada|Emir of Granada]], surrenders his city to the army of [[Catholic Monarchs|Ferdinand and Isabella]].]]
[[File:La Rendición de Granada - Pradilla.jpg|thumb|right|[[January 2]] &ndash; [[Muhammad XII of Granada|Muhammad XII]], last [[Moors|Moorish]] [[Emirate of Granada|Emir of Granada]], surrenders his city to the army of [[Catholic Monarchs|Ferdinand and Isabella]].]]
[[File:Columbus Taking Possession.jpg|thumb|[[October 12]] &ndash; [[Christopher Columbus|Columbus]] reaches the Americas for Spain.]]<onlyinclude>


=== Known dates ===
=== January—March ===
* [[January 2]] &ndash; [[Fall of Granada]]: [[Muhammad XII of Granada|Muhammad XII]], the last [[Emirate of Granada|Emir of Granada]], surrenders his city to the army of the [[Catholic Monarchs]] ([[Ferdinand II of Aragon]] and [[Isabella I of Castile]]) after a lengthy siege, ending the ten-year [[Granada War]] and the centuries-long [[Reconquista]], and bringing an end to 780 years of [[Islam|Muslim]] control in [[Al-Andalus]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Elizabeth Nash|title=Seville, Cordoba, and Granada: A Cultural History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vVA1reAI7w0C&pg=PA219|date=13 October 2005|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA|isbn=978-0-19-518204-0|pages=219}}</ref>
* [[January 2]] &ndash; [[Fall of Granada]]: [[Muhammad XII of Granada|Muhammad XII]], the last [[Emirate of Granada|Emir of Granada]], surrenders his city to the army of the [[Catholic Monarchs]] ([[Ferdinand II of Aragon]] and [[Isabella I of Castile]]) after a lengthy siege, ending the ten-year [[Granada War]] and the centuries-long [[Reconquista]], and bringing an end to 780 years of [[Islam|Muslim]] control in [[Al-Andalus]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Elizabeth Nash|title=Seville, Cordoba, and Granada: A Cultural History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vVA1reAI7w0C&pg=PA219|date=13 October 2005|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA|isbn=978-0-19-518204-0|pages=219}}</ref>
* [[January 6]] &ndash; Ferdinand and Isabella enter [[Granada]].<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com.es/historia/grandes-reportajes/los-reyes-catolicos-conquistan-granada_6778 |title=La conquista de Granada por los Reyes Católicos |date=16 November 2012 |access-date=26 October 2018 |journal=[[National Geographic]]}}</ref>
* [[January 6]] &ndash; Ferdinand and Isabella enter [[Granada]].<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com.es/historia/grandes-reportajes/los-reyes-catolicos-conquistan-granada_6778 |title=La conquista de Granada por los Reyes Católicos |date=16 November 2012 |access-date=26 October 2018 |journal=[[National Geographic]]}}</ref>
* [[January 15]] &ndash; [[Christopher Columbus]] meets Ferdinand and Isabella at the [[Alcázar de los Reyes Cristianos]] in [[Córdoba, Andalusia]], and persuades them to support his Atlantic voyage intended to find a new route to the [[East Indies]].
* [[January 15]] &ndash; [[Christopher Columbus]] meets Ferdinand and Isabella at the [[Alcázar de los Reyes Cristianos]] in [[Córdoba, Andalusia]], and persuades them to support his Atlantic voyage intended to find a new route to the [[East Indies]].
* [[January 16]] &ndash; [[Antonio de Nebrija]] publishes ''[[Gramática de la lengua castellana]]'', the first grammar text for the Castilian [[Spanish language]], in [[Salamanca]], which he introduces to the [[Catholic Monarchs]], [[Isabella I of Castile]] and [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]], newly restored to power in [[Andalusia]], as "a tool of empire".
* [[January 16]] &ndash; [[Antonio de Nebrija]] publishes ''[[Gramática de la lengua castellana]]'', the first grammar text for the Castilian [[Spanish language]], in [[Salamanca]], which he introduces to the [[Catholic Monarchs]], [[Isabella I of Castile]] and [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]], newly restored to power in [[Andalusia]], as "a tool of empire".
* [[January 23]] &ndash; The ''[[Pentateuch]]'' is first printed.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OMlT-FViF40C&pg=PA283|title=Hebrew Bible / Old Testament: The History of Its Interpretation: II: From the Renaissance to the Enlightenment|first1=Christianus|last1=Brekelmans|first2=Magne|last2=Saebo|first3=Magne|last3=Sæbø|first4=Menahem|last4=Haran|first5=Michael A.|last5=Fishbane|first6=Jean Louis|last6=Ska|first7=Peter|last7=Machinist|publisher=[[Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht]]|year=1996|page=283|isbn=9783525539828}}</ref>
* [[January 23]] &ndash; The Soncino Bible, which includes the ''[[Pentateuch]],'' Song of Songs, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, and Esther is printed.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OMlT-FViF40C&pg=PA283|title=Hebrew Bible / Old Testament: The History of Its Interpretation: II: From the Renaissance to the Enlightenment|first1=Christianus|last1=Brekelmans|first2=Magne|last2=Saebo|first3=Magne|last3=Sæbø|first4=Menahem|last4=Haran|first5=Michael A.|last5=Fishbane|first6=Jean Louis|last6=Ska|first7=Peter|last7=Machinist|publisher=[[Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht]]|year=1996|page=283|isbn=9783525539828}}</ref>
* February 1 &ndash; Discovery of the [[Titulus Crucis]] relic during renovation of [[Santa Croce in Gerusalemme]] Church in Rome.
* [[February 1]] &ndash; The [[Titulus Crucis]] relic is discovered, during the renovation of [[Santa Croce in Gerusalemme]] Church in Rome.
* [[March 31]] &ndash; Ferdinand and Isabella sign the [[Alhambra Decree]], expelling all Jews from Spain unless they convert to [[Roman Catholicism]].
* [[March 31]] &ndash; Ferdinand and Isabella sign the [[Alhambra Decree]], expelling all Jews from Spain unless they convert to [[Roman Catholicism]].
=== April—June ===
* [[April 17]] &ndash; The [[Capitulations of Santa Fe]] are signed between [[Christopher Columbus]] and the [[Crown of Castile]], agreeing on arrangements for his forthcoming voyage.
* [[April 17]] &ndash; The [[Capitulations of Santa Fe]] are signed between [[Christopher Columbus]] and the [[Crown of Castile]], agreeing on arrangements for his forthcoming voyage.
* [[May 3]] &ndash; In the [[Canary Islands]], the Spanish conquistador [[Alonso Fernandez de Lugo]] finishes the conquest of the island of [[La Palma]] by capturing [[Tanausu]], King of the native [[Guanches]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Abréu Galindo |first=Juan de |title=Historia de la conquista de las siete islas de Gran Canaria |trans-title=History of the Conquest of the seven Canary Islands|url=https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12285/mdcte/1668 |year=1848 |publisher=Imprenta, Litografía y Librería Isleña |location=Santa Cruz de Tenerife |page=188 |hdl=20.500.12285/mdcte/1668 |access-date=March 26, 2025}}</ref>
* [[May 23]] &ndash; At the shipbuilding town of [[Palos de la Frontera]] in [[Spain]], an April 30 decree of Queen Isabella of Castile and King Ferdinand of Aragon is read aloud to the residents, directing that two ships are to be delivered to [[Christopher Columbus]] and people chosen by the Pinzon brothers will be required to travel on the voyage westward "by command of Their Highnesses").<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070612200803/http://www.elhistoriador.com.ar/documentos/conquista_y_colonia/real_provision_reyes_catolicos.php Real Provisión de los Reyes Católicos que mandaron a Diego Rodríguez Prieto y a otros compañeros, vecinos de la villa de Palos, para que tuvieran preparadas dos carabelas al servicio de Cristóbal Colón. Texto completo], Granada, 30 April 1492. [[Archivo General de Indias]]. Sección: Patronato. Signatura: PATRONATO, 295, N.3. (Castellano antiguo)</ref>
* [[May 31]] &ndash; Pope Innocent VIII and members of the College of Cardinals meet at the church of [[Santa Maria del Popolo]] in [[Rome]] with diplomatic envoys sent by the Ottoman Sultan [[Bayezid II]]. The envoys present the Pope a gift, said to be the Holy Lance, from the Sultan, along with the Sultan's proposal, payment of 120,000 crowns of gold and an annual subsidy of 45,000 ducats in return for the continued imprisonment of [[Cem Sultan]], a half-brother of Bayezid and a rival claimant to the throne.<ref name=SV/>
* [[June 7]] &ndash; [[Casimir IV Jagiellon]], of the [[Jagiellonian dynasty|Jagiellon]] Royal House, dies, ending his reign over Poland and Lithuania.
* [[June 7]] &ndash; [[Casimir IV Jagiellon]], of the [[Jagiellonian dynasty|Jagiellon]] Royal House, dies, ending his reign over Poland and Lithuania.
* [[June 8]] &ndash; [[Elizabeth Woodville]], the last living [[Yorkist]] queen consort, dies in England.
* [[June 8]] &ndash; [[Elizabeth Woodville]], the last living [[Yorkist]] queen consort, dies in England.
* [[August 2]]
 
** [[Expulsion of Jews from Spain|The Jews are expelled from Spain]]; 40,000–200,000 leave. Sultan [[Bayezid II]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]], learning of this, dispatches the [[Ottoman Navy]] to bring the Jews safely to Ottoman lands, mainly  to the cities of [[Thessaloniki]] (in modern-day Greece) and [[İzmir]] (in modern-day [[Turkey]]);<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/Turkey.html|title=Turkey Virtual Jewish History Tour|website=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org}}</ref> others settle in [[Sarajevo]].
=== July—September ===
** The [[Genoa|Genoese]] navigator [[Christopher Columbus]] sails with three ships from [[Palos de la Frontera]], in the service of the [[Crown of Castile]], on his [[Voyages of Christopher Columbus#First voyage (1492–1493)|first voyage]] across the Atlantic Ocean, intending to reach Asia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Probing Question: Was Christopher Columbus Jewish? |publisher=Penn State University |url=https://www.psu.edu/news/research/story/probing-question-was-christopher-columbus-jewish/ |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=www.psu.edu |language=en}}</ref>
* [[July 25]] &ndash; [[Pope Innocent VIII]], leader of the Roman Catholic Church since 1484, dies at the age of 59 from [[catarrh]].<ref name=SV>{{cite web |url=https://www.csun.edu/~hcfll004/SV1492.html|title=Sede Vacante}}</ref>
* [[August 11]] &ndash; [[Pope Alexander VI]] succeeds [[Pope Innocent VIII]] as the 214th pope, after the [[Papal conclave, 1492|1492 papal conclave]], the first held in the [[Sistine Chapel]].
* [[July 30]] &ndash; [[Alexander Jagiellon]] is crowned as [[Grand Duke of Lithuania]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Historical dictionary of Poland, 966–1945|author1=Jerzy Jan Lerski |author2=Piotr Wróbel |author3=Richard J. Kozicki |year=1996|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FPxhOu_n1VYC&q=Alexander+Jagiellon+1461&pg=PA9|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]] | isbn=978-0-313-26007-0}}</ref>
* [[August 2]] &ndash; [[Expulsion of Jews from Spain|The Jews are expelled from Spain]] on the [[Tisha B'Av]] fast day, pursuant to the Alhambra Decree. More than 40,000 and perhaps as many as 200,000 leave. Sultan [[Bayezid II]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]], learning of this, dispatches the [[Ottoman Navy]] to bring the Jews safely to Ottoman lands, mainly  to the cities of [[Thessaloniki]] (in modern-day Greece) and [[İzmir]] (in modern-day [[Turkey]]);<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/Turkey.html|title=Turkey Virtual Jewish History Tour|website=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org}}</ref> others settle in [[Sarajevo]].
* [[August 3]] &ndash; The [[Genoa|Genoese]] navigator [[Christopher Columbus]] sails with three ships (''[[Niña (ship)|Niña]]'', [[Pinta (ship)|Pinta]] and ''[[Santa María (ship)|Santa María]]'') from [[Palos de la Frontera]], in the service of the [[Crown of Castile]], on his [[Voyages of Christopher Columbus#First voyage (1492–1493)|first voyage]] across the Atlantic Ocean, intending to reach Asia.<ref>{{Cite book |title= The Worlds of Christopher Columbus |first1= William D. Jr. |last1= Phillips |first2= Carla Rahn |last2= Phillips |year=1992 |publisher= Cambridge University Press |location= Cambridge, UK |pages=197–198 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=8jhtmzLlX70C |isbn= 978-0-521-35097-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morison |first1=Samuel Eliot |title=Texts and Translations of the Journal of Columbus's First Voyage |journal=Hispanic American Historical Review |date=1 August 1939 |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=235–261 |doi=10.1215/00182168-19.3.235 |jstor=2507257 |doi-access=free }}</ref>  
* [[August 8]] &ndash; The [[1492 conclave|papal conclave]], the first to be held in the [[Sistine Chapel]], begins balloting with 23 of the 27 members of the College of Cardinals in attendance. With 16 votes needed for the required two-thirds majority, the first ballot is split among three candidates, with [[Oliviero Carafa]] receiving 9, [[Pope Alexander VI|Rodrigo Borja]] 7 and [[Giuliano della Rovere]] 5, while two cast a blank vote.<ref>Ludwig Pastor, ''The History of Popes'' (K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., Ltd. 1902) p.381</ref>
* [[August 11]] &ndash; Cardinal Rodrigo Borja is unanimously elected on the fourth ballot of the papal conclave, and takes the name of [[Pope Alexander VI]], 214th pope of the Roman Catholic Church.<ref>Setton, Kenneth Meyer. 1984. The Papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571: The 13th & 14th Centuries. ISBN 0-87169-127-2, p. 433</ref>
* [[September 6]] &ndash; [[Christopher Columbus]] sails from [[La Gomera]] in the [[Canary Islands]], his final port of call before crossing the Atlantic Ocean for the first time.
* [[September 6]] &ndash; [[Christopher Columbus]] sails from [[La Gomera]] in the [[Canary Islands]], his final port of call before crossing the Atlantic Ocean for the first time.
* [[September 23]] &ndash; [[John I Albert|Jan I Olbracht]] is crowned as King of Poland, more than three months after the death of his father, King Casimir IV.<ref>{{cite book |last=Albertrandy |first=Jan |date=1827 |title=Panowanie Kazimierza Jagiellończyka, króla polskiego i.w. księcia litewskiego |volume=2 |page=212 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TyxRAQAAMAAJ |location=Warsaw (Warszawa) |publisher=A. Brzezina |oclc=785885479 |language=pl}}</ref>
=== October—December ===
* [[October 3]] &ndash; [[Kingdom of England|English]] army [[Siege of Boulogne (1492)|besieges Boulogne]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Palmer|first1=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=135–138|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>
* [[October 3]] &ndash; [[Kingdom of England|English]] army [[Siege of Boulogne (1492)|besieges Boulogne]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Palmer|first1=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=135–138|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>
* [[October 12]] &ndash; [[Christopher Columbus]]' expedition makes landfall in the Caribbean and lands on [[Guanahani]], which he calls San Salvador, believing he has reached the [[East Indies]].
* [[October 12]] &ndash; [[Christopher Columbus]]' expedition makes landfall in the Caribbean and lands on [[Guanahani]], which he calls San Salvador, believing he has reached the [[East Indies]].
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== Births ==
== Births ==
[[File:Marguerite_d%27Angoul%C3%AAme.jpg|thumb|110px|Queen [[Marguerite de Navarre]]]]
[[File:Marguerite_d%27Angoul%C3%AAme.jpg|thumb|110px|Queen [[Marguerite de Navarre]]]]
[[File:Sabine of Bavaria-Munich.jpg|thumb|100px|Duchess [[Sabina of Bavaria]]]]
[[File:Sabine of Bavaria-Munich.jpg|thumb|100px|Duchess [[Sabina of Bavaria, Duchess of Württemberg|Sabina of Bavaria]]]]
* [[January 22]] &ndash; [[Beatrix of Baden]], Margravine of Baden, Countess Palatine consort of Simmern (d. [[1535]])
* [[January 22]] &ndash; [[Beatrix of Baden]], Margravine of Baden, Countess Palatine consort of Simmern (d. [[1535]])
* [[March 4]] &ndash; [[Francesco de Layolle]], Italian composer (d. c. [[1540]])
* [[March 4]] &ndash; [[Francesco de Layolle]], Italian composer (d. c. [[1540]])

Latest revision as of 19:57, 4 November 2025

Template:About year

File:Columbus Taking Possession.jpg
October 12 – Christopher Columbus arrives in the Americas from Spain.

Template:Year nav Script error: No such module "Sidebar". Script error: No such module "Year in various calendars".Year 1492 (MCDXCII) is a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.

1492 is considered to be a significant year in the history of the West, Europe, Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Spain, and the New World, among others, because of the number of significant events that took place.

The events which propelled the year into Western consciousness, listed below, include the completion of the Reconquista of Spain, Europe's (Spain) discovery of the New World, and the expulsion of Jews from Spain.

Events

File:La Rendición de Granada - Pradilla.jpg
January 2 – Muhammad XII, last Moorish Emir of Granada, surrenders his city to the army of Ferdinand and Isabella.

January—March

April—June

July—September

October—December

Unknown dates

Births

File:Marguerite d'Angoulême.jpg
Queen Marguerite de Navarre
File:Sabine of Bavaria-Munich.jpg
Duchess Sabina of Bavaria

Deaths

File:Verrocchio Lorenzo de Medici.jpg
Lorenzo de' Medici
File:Casimir IV Jagiellon.PNG
King Casimir IV Jagiellon
File:Innocent VIII 1492.JPG
Pope Innocent VIII
File:RostroBeatrizSilva.jpg
Saint Beatrice of Silva

Exact date unknown

References

Template:Reflist

External links

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  5. ↑ Real Provisión de los Reyes Católicos que mandaron a Diego Rodríguez Prieto y a otros compañeros, vecinos de la villa de Palos, para que tuvieran preparadas dos carabelas al servicio de Cristóbal Colón. Texto completo, Granada, 30 April 1492. Archivo General de Indias. Sección: Patronato. Signatura: PATRONATO, 295, N.3. (Castellano antiguo)
  6. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Ludwig Pastor, The History of Popes (K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., Ltd. 1902) p.381
  12. ↑ Setton, Kenneth Meyer. 1984. The Papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571: The 13th & 14th Centuries. ISBN 0-87169-127-2, p. 433
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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