Forever Changes: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 13:50, 19 November 2025

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Forever Changes is the third studio album by the American rock band Love, released in November 1967 by Elektra Records. The album saw the group embrace a subtler folk-influenced sound based around acoustic guitars and orchestral arrangements, while primary songwriter Arthur Lee explored darker themes alluding to mortality and his growing disillusionment with the era's counterculture. It was the final album recorded by the original band lineup; after its completion, guitarist Bryan MacLean left the group acrimoniously, and Lee subsequently dismissed the other members.

Forever Changes had only moderate success on the album charts upon release, peaking at No. 154 in the US^[1] and No. 24 in the UK.^[2] In subsequent years, it has become recognized as an influential document of 1960s psychedelia and named among the greatest albums of all time by a variety of publications.

Background

File:Love (1966).png

Love in 1966; one year before the beginning of the album's recording.

In 1966, Love released two albums: a self-titled debut album and Da Capo. Both were moderately successful, as were the singles "My Little Red Book" and "7 and 7 Is";Template:Sfn Template:Efn however, success was halted by bandleader Arthur Lee's refusal to tour.Template:Sfn Template:Sfn Lee expressed a fear of leaving the band's home city, Los Angeles.Template:Sfn^[3]

For Da Capo, Love had expanded from five members to seven in order to experiment with a more jazz-influenced style. However, shortly after the album released, Lee decided the experiment had run its course and fired saxophonist/flautist Tjay Cantrelli and drummer-turned-keyboardist Alban "Snoopy" Pfisterer.Template:Sfn The Forever Changes lineup of Love comprised Lee, Bryan MacLean (rhythm guitar), Johnny Echols (lead guitar), Ken Forssi (bass guitar), and Michael Stuart (drums).Template:Sfn

By 1967, the band was facing major internal conflicts.Template:Sfn Echols explained: "We were [before] totally united: living together,Template:Efn practicing together, and playing together. [...] But as more people started to recognize the group, there became these little factions. Arthur had his little clique, Bryan had his [...] They began to pull the group apart."Template:Sfn Lee's relationship with MacLean, Love's other songwriter, was deteriorating.^[4] In a 1992 interview, Lee spoke of him and MacLean "competing a bit like Lennon and McCartney to see who would come up with the better song. It was part of our charm. Everybody had different behaviour patterns. Eventually, the others couldn't cut it".^[5]

Love were also at odds with their label, Elektra Records. After recording Da Capo, the band attempted for a third time to sever their contract with the label.Template:Sfn The resulting May 1967 agreement required them to produce one more album.Template:Sfn Throughout 1967, Lee also grew envious of the success of fellow Elektra band the Doors, whom he had been integral in getting signed. However, it has been countered that the Doors were more willing to work on the road than Lee.Template:Sfn

Inspiration

Lee's material for Forever Changes was drawn from his lifestyle and environment, which contrasted greatly from the typical hippie culture of the time.^[6]Template:Sfn The songs reflected upon dark themes, such as paranoia, the Vietnam War, race issues in the US, societal breakdown, and the negative effects of drug use.Template:Sfn^[7]Template:Sfn In his 33⅓ book on the album, Andrew Hultkrans explained Lee's frame of mind at the time: "Arthur Lee was one member of the '60s counterculture who didn't buy flower-power wholesale, who intuitively understood that letting the sunshine in wouldn't instantly vaporize the world's (or his own) dark stuff".Template:Sfn With the band in disarray, and increasingly concerned over his own mortality, Lee envisioned Forever Changes as a lament to his memory.Template:Sfn

Recording and style

Having already engineered the group's first two albums, Bruce Botnick was enlisted to oversee the production of the third album along with Lee.^[8] Botnick, who had also worked with Buffalo Springfield, invited Neil Young to co-produce the album, but Young, after initially agreeing, excused himself from the project.Template:Sfn As Botnick recalled, "Neil really had the burning desire to go solo and realize his dream without being involved in another band".^[9] It was reported that Young arranged the song "The Daily Planet",Template:Sfn but he denied any involvement.^[10]

According to AllMusic, the band embraced "a more gentle, contemplative, and organic sound on Forever Changes," with much of the album "built around interwoven acoustic guitar textures and subtle orchestrations, with strings and horns both reinforcing and punctuating the melodies."^[11] Elektra Records founder Jac Holzman had suggested that Love "advance backwards" by embracing the more subtle approach of folk music, and Lee, while typically independent in his musical directions, accepted the suggestion.^[9] Stephen M. Deusner of Pitchfork stated that Lee paired his "dark, discomfiting lyrics" with music that draws from rock, psychedelia, folk, pop, classical, and mariachi influences without being reducible to any of those labels.^[12]

Love started recording Forever Changes in June 1967 at Sunset Sound Recorders. However, beginning with the early recording sessions, the band was plagued by internal conflicts and lack of preparation for Lee's intricate arrangements. Through Holzman's perspective, Botnick was an "album savior", guiding and motivating the musicians out of their trying period.^[13] To compel the band to refocus, Botnick and Lee enlisted Wrecking Crew session musicians Billy Strange (guitar), Don Randi (piano), Hal Blaine (drums), and Carol Kaye (bass guitar) to work with Lee, completing the rhythm tracks for "Andmoreagain" and "The Daily Planet" in a single three-hour session.^[13]Template:Sfn Shocked by the notion of losing their roles, the plan succeeded in motivating the other Love members to participate in recording the remaining material.^[9]

Lee spent three weeks with arranger David Angel, playing and singing the orchestral parts to him. Lee envisioned the horns and strings as part of the material from the beginning.Template:Sfn String and horn overdubs on September 18, followed by two more stereo mixing sessions, completed the sessions.^[14]

According to the staff of BrooklynVegan, the tensions between Arthur Lee and Bryan MacLean "made for a unique energy" present on the album, said to be "[running] electric." The site described the album's production as "sweeping [and] baroque."^[15] NME wrote that the album is "joyous, uplifting and sweet in parts, while at the same time menacing, introverted and paranoid."^[16]

Title and artwork

The title of the album came from a break-up Lee had with his girlfriend. She said, "But you said you would love me forever?" and he replied, "Yeah well, you know, forever changes." The album's title has also been interpreted as meaning Love Forever Changes.Template:Sfn

The album's front cover, designed by Bob Pepper, shows the faces of all five members of the band in the shape of a human heart. Fans have also seen it as the shape of Africa. The back cover photo was taken by the band's manager Ronnie Haran, at Lee's house after one of the rehearsals. While taking photos, Haran accidentally knocked over and broke a flower vase. Lee picked it up and is shown holding it in the final product. Some have interpreted the broken vase and dead flowers as symbolizing the "death of flower power", though Lee denied that it had any deeper meaning.Template:Sfn

Release, commercial performance, and aftermath

Released in November 1967, Forever Changes initially only achieved moderate commercial success. It peaked at number 154 in the US, the lowest showing of a Love album up to that point.^[1] However, it fared much better in the UK, where it reached number 24.^[2] Holzman partially attributed the album's small impact to the fact that it was released in November, only to be overshadowed by the Christmas market rush.Template:Sfn

The underwhelming reaction to Forever Changes from the general public further contributed to the band's state of disarray. Live performances became less and less frequent, and the members' addictions to heroin and cocaine worsened. This line-up of Love released one more single, "Your Mind and We Belong Together"/"Laughing Stock", in January 1968. It was later falsely rumored that these songs were meant to be the beginning of work on another album titled Gethsemane. Lee was also angered by the prospect of MacLean recording a solo album for Elektra.Template:Sfn By August 1968, Lee had replaced the members of Love with a new line-up that "hated Forever Changes" and took a more hard rock and blues rock direction.Template:Sfn^[17]

Critical reception

Contemporaneous reviews

File:Forever Changes - Billboard ad 1968.png

Billboard advertisement, January 27, 1968

Initial reviews were positive. Writing for Rolling Stone in 1968, Jim Bickhart regarded Forever Changes as Love's "most sophisticated album yet", applauding the orchestral arrangements and recording quality.^[18] In Esquire, Robert Christgau called it an elaboration on Love's original musical style and "a vast improvement" over their previous recordings, because "Lee has stopped trying to imitate Mick Jagger with his soft voice, and the lyrics, while still obscure, now have an interesting surface as well."^[19] Pete Johnson of the Los Angeles Times believed the album could "survive endless listening with no diminishing either of power or of freshness", adding that "parts of the album are beautiful; others are disturbingly ugly, reflections of the pop movement towards realism". Gene Youngblood of LA Free Express also praised the album, calling it "melancholy iconoclasm and tasteful romanticism."Template:Sfn Harvey Kubernik believed that the reaction to Forever Changes in Los Angeles was comparable to that of the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band in the UK.Template:Sfn

Retrospective acclaim

Template:Music ratings After the initial reactions to Forever Changes died down, the album maintained a cult following, with Richie Unterberger calling it "the biggest cult album of all time, its following just growing and growing through subsequent decades and generations."Template:Sfn Biographer John Einarson agrees, adding that "its reputation as one of the greatest albums of all time has been built almost exclusively by rediscovery and word of mouth."Template:Sfn In a retrospective review, AllMusic stated that the album "became recognized as one of the finest and most haunting albums to come out of the Summer of Love," calling it "an album that heralds the last days of a golden age and anticipates the growing ugliness that would dominate the counterculture in 1968 and 1969."^[11] The 1979 edition of The Rolling Stone Record Guide gave the album a rating of five stars (out of five). It also received five stars in the 1983 edition of the guide and in the 1992 guide four.^[20] In a special issue of Mojo magazine, Forever Changes was ranked the second greatest psychedelic album of all time. In the January 1996 issue, Mojo readers selected Forever Changes as number 11 on the "100 Greatest Albums Ever Made".^[21] In 2002, members of the UK Parliament signed a motion declaring Forever Changes "the greatest album of all time".^[22]

In a survey of 1960s folk rock, Richie Unterberger named the album his second favorite of the genre, but only 24th in terms of historical importance.^[23]

Reissues

Forever Changes was included in its entirety on the 2-CD retrospective Love compilation Love Story 1966–1972, released by Rhino Records in 1995. The album was re-released in an expanded single-CD version by Rhino in 2001, featuring alternate mixes, outtakes and the group's 1968 single, "Your Mind and We Belong Together"/"Laughing Stock", the final tracks ever to feature the Forever Changes line-up of Arthur Lee, Johnny Echols, Ken Forssi, Michael Stuart-Ware and Bryan MacLean (Forssi and MacLean both died in 1998).^[24]^[25]

The Forever Changes Concert was released on DVD in 2003 and marked the first time many of the songs had been performed live. The set features the entire album performed in its original running order, recorded in early 2003 during Lee's tour of England, in which he was backed by the band Baby Lemonade and members of the Stockholm Strings 'n' Horns ensemble. The DVD features the album concert, five bonus performances, documentary footage and an interview with Lee.^[26]

A double-CD "Collector's Edition" of the album was issued by Rhino Records on April 22, 2008. The first disc consists of a remastered version of the original 1967 album. The second disc contains a previously unissued alternate stereo mix of the album, plus ten bonus tracks.^[27]

A Super High Material CD (SHM-CD) version of Forever Changes was released by Warner Music Japan in 2009, and a 24 bit 192 kHz High Resolution version of the album was released by HDTracks in 2014, and in the same year a hybrid Super Audio CD (SACD) version of the album was released by Mobile Fidelity Sound Lab.

A 50th anniversary deluxe edition box set was released by Rhino on April 6, 2018, featuring four CDs, a DVD and an LP. It contains remastered versions of the stereo, mono and alternate stereo mixes of the album, a disc of demos, outtakes, alternate mixes and non-album tracks, a DVD containing a 24/96 stereo mix of the album and a bonus music video, and a new LP remaster of the album, remastered by Bruce Botnick and cut from high resolution audio by Bernie Grundman.^[28]

Legacy

Forever Changes was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2008^[29] and added to the National Recording Registry in 2011.^[30] Rolling Stone ranked it number 180 on its 2020 list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.^[31] The album was also included in Robert Christgau's "Basic Record Library" of 1950s and 1960s recordings, published in Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies (1981).^[32] It was voted number 12 in Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums 3rd Edition (2000).^[33] In 2013, NME ranked the album number 37 on their list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. Publishers such as AllMusic^[34] and Slant Magazine^[35] have praised the album as well. In a 2005 survey held by British television's Channel 4, the album was ranked 83rd in the 100 greatest albums of all time.^[36] The album was included in the 2005 book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.^[37]

According to NME, the Stone Roses' relationship with their future producer John Leckie was settled when they all agreed that Forever Changes was the "best record ever".^[38] Robert Plant is an admirer of the album.^[39]

The staff of BrooklynVegan named the album as the best psychedelic rock album of the Summer of Love,^[15] and NME named the album as the greatest psychedelic album of all time.^[16]

Track listing

All songs written by Arthur Lee, except "Alone Again Or" and "Old Man" by Bryan MacLean. Details are taken from the 50th Anniversary Edition.^[40] Bonus track "Wooly Bully" written by Sam Samudio. Template:Track listing Template:Track listing

2001 Rhino bonus tracks

A single disc collection, presenting the original stereo album, remastered, plus the following bonus tracks: Template:Track listing

2008 Rhino "Collector's Edition" bonus tracks

A two-disc collection. Disc 1 presents the original stereo album, remastered, while disc 2 is a previously unreleased alternate stereo mix of the album, featuring the following bonus tracks: Template:Track listing

2018 "50th Anniversary Edition" bonus discs

A box set comprising four CDs, one LP and one DVD: disc 2 presents the original mono album, remastered; disc 3 is the alternate stereo mix; disc 4 is outtakes, single versions, demos, session highlights and non album tracks from the era; disc 5 is the original stereo album on vinyl, remastered and cut from high resolution audio; and disc 6 is a 24/96 stereo mix on DVD, featuring a bonus music video. Template:Track listing

Template:Track listing

Personnel

According to the 2001 reissue CD booklet.Template:Sfn

Love

Arthur Lee – guitar, vocals
Bryan MacLean – guitar, vocals
Johnny Echols – guitar
Ken Forssi – bass guitar
Michael Stuart-Ware – drums, percussion

Additional musicians^[41]

Carol Kaye – bass guitar on "Andmoreagain" and "The Daily Planet"
Don Randi – keyboards on "Andmoreagain" and "The Daily Planet"; piano on "Old Man" and "Bummer in the Summer"; harpsichord on "The Red Telephone"
Billy Strange – electric guitar on "Andmoreagain" and "The Daily Planet"
Hal Blaine – drums on "Andmoreagain" and "The Daily Planet"
Neil Young – arranger on "The Daily Planet"^[42]
David Angel – arranger
Robert Barene, Arnold Belnick, James Getzoff, Marshall Sosson, Darrel Terwilliger – violin
Norman Botnick – viola
Jesse Ehrlich – cello
Chuck Berghofer – double bass
Bud Brisbois, Roy Caton, Ollie Mitchell – trumpet
Richard Leith – trombone

Production and design Template:Columns-list

Charts

Template:Album chart Template:Album chart

Chart performance for *Forever Changes*
Chart (1968)	Peak position

Template:Album chart Template:Album chart Template:Album chart

Chart (2001)	Peak position

Template:Album chart

Chart (2018)	Peak position

Chart (2025)	Peak position
Greek Albums (IFPI)^[43]	18

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

Citations

Template:Reflist

Bibliography

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External links

Inside the National Recording Registry segment

Template:Love (band)

Template:Authority control

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Forever Changes: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 13:50, 19 November 2025

Contents

Background

Inspiration

Recording and style

Title and artwork

Release, commercial performance, and aftermath

Critical reception

Contemporaneous reviews

Retrospective acclaim

Reissues

Legacy

Track listing

Personnel

Charts

See also

Notes

References

Citations

Bibliography

External links

Navigation menu

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 | cover        = Love - forever changes.jpg
 | alt          = Colorful human faces merged into one head, has text, all on a white background
-| released     = {{Start date|1967|11}}
+| released     = November 1, 1967
 | recorded     = June 9{{snd}}September 25, 1967
 | studio       = [[Sunset Sound Recorders|Sunset Sound]], Hollywood
 | genre        = *[[Folk rock]]<ref>The following sources describe the album as folk-rock:
-*{{cite web|last=Unterberger|first=Richie|author-link=Richie Unterberger|title=Great Moments in Folk Rock: Lists of Author Favorites|website=Richieunterberger.com|url=http://www.richieunterberger.com/turnlists.html|access-date=September 22, 2013}}
+*{{Cite web |last=Unterberger |first=Richie |author-link=Richie Unterberger |title=Great Moments in Folk Rock: Lists of Author Favorites |url=http://www.richieunterberger.com/turnlists.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250704220102/http://www.richieunterberger.com/turnlists.html |archive-date=July 4, 2025 |access-date=July 9, 2025 |website=richieunterberger.com}}
 *{{cite web |last1=Cromelin |first1=Richard |title=Love's 'Forever Changes' Still Sounds Invigorating |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-09-ca-35270-story.html |website=The Los Angeles Times |date=March 9, 2001 |access-date=5 September 2022}}
 *{{cite web |last1=Morrison |first1=Craig |title=Love - American rock group |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Love-band |website=Britannica |access-date=6 September 2022}}</ref>
 *[[orchestral pop]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kot |first1=Greg |title=Arthur Lee, Love masterpiece takes on new life in live setting |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2003-06-05-0306050264-story.html |website=[[Chicago Tribune]] |date=June 5, 2003 |access-date=November 10, 2020}}</ref>
-*[[psychedelic music|psychedelia]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Blog |first=N. M. E. |date=2012-04-03 |title=10 best psychedelic albums of all time |url=https://www.nme.com/blogs/nme-blogs/listomania-top-10-psychedelic-albums-768703 |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=NME |language=en-GB}}</ref>
+*[[psychedelic music|psychedelia]]<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=Blog |first=N. M. E. |date=2012-04-03 |title=10 best psychedelic albums of all time |url=https://www.nme.com/blogs/nme-blogs/listomania-top-10-psychedelic-albums-768703 |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=NME |language=en-GB}}</ref>
 *[[baroque pop]]<ref>{{AllMusic|class=album|id=r900684|tab=review |label="Trilogy: Love/Da Capo/Forever Changes > Review" |first=James |last=Christopher Monger |access-date=September 22, 2013}}</ref>
 | length       = 42:59
@@ Line 38: / Line 38: @@
 '''''Forever Changes''''' is the third studio album by the American [[rock music|rock]] band [[Love (band)|Love]], released in November 1967 by [[Elektra Records]]. The album saw the group embrace a subtler [[folk music|folk]]-influenced sound based around [[acoustic guitar]]s and [[orchestral music|orchestral arrangements]], while primary songwriter [[Arthur Lee (musician)|Arthur Lee]] explored darker themes alluding to mortality and his growing disillusionment with the [[Counterculture of the 1960s|era's counterculture]]. It was the final album recorded by the original band lineup; after its completion, guitarist [[Bryan MacLean]] left the group acrimoniously, and Lee subsequently dismissed the other members.
-''Forever Changes'' had only moderate success on the album charts upon release, peaking at No. 154 in the US<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Love Billboard 200 Chart History |url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/love/chart-history/tlp/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226034640/https://www.billboard.com/artist/love/chart-history/tlp/ |archive-date=December 26, 2022 |access-date=June 4, 2025 |website=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref> and No. 24 in the UK.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Chart History of Forever Changes |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/albums/love-1968-forever-changes/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250605023442/https://www.officialcharts.com/albums/love-1968-forever-changes/ |archive-date=June 5, 2025 |access-date=June 5, 2025 |website=[[Official Charts Company|Official Charts]]}}</ref> In subsequent years, it has become recognized as an influential document of 1960s [[psychedelic music|psychedelia]] and named among the greatest albums of all time by a variety of publications.
+''Forever Changes'' had only moderate success on the album charts upon release, peaking at No. 154 in the US<ref name="BB200">{{Cite web |title=Love Billboard 200 Chart History |url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/love/chart-history/tlp/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226034640/https://www.billboard.com/artist/love/chart-history/tlp/ |archive-date=December 26, 2022 |access-date=June 4, 2025 |website=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref> and No. 24 in the UK.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Chart History of Forever Changes |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/albums/love-1968-forever-changes/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250605023442/https://www.officialcharts.com/albums/love-1968-forever-changes/ |archive-date=June 5, 2025 |access-date=June 5, 2025 |website=[[Official Charts Company|Official Charts]]}}</ref> In subsequent years, it has become recognized as an influential document of 1960s [[psychedelic music|psychedelia]] and named among the greatest albums of all time by a variety of publications.
 ==Background==
-[[File:Love (1966).png|thumb|Love in 1966; one year before the beginning of the album's recording.]]
+[[File:Love (1966).png|thumb|Love in 1966; one year before the beginning of the album's recording.]]In 1966, [[Love (band)|Love]] released two albums: a [[Love (Love album)|self-titled debut album]] and ''[[Da Capo (Love album)|Da Capo]]''. Both were moderately successful, as were the singles "[[My Little Red Book#Love version|My Little Red Book]]" and "[[7 and 7 Is]]";{{Sfn|Einarson|2010|pp=104, 118, 145}}{{Efn|''Love'' and "My Little Red Book" were released in March 1966 and, respectively, reached number 57 on the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' Top LPs]] and number 52 on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]].<ref name="BB200" />{{Sfn|Einarson|2010|p=104}}<ref name="Hot100">{{Cite web |title=Love Billboard Hot 100 Chart History |url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/love/chart-history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121195638/https://www.billboard.com/artist/love/chart-history/ |archive-date=January 21, 2025 |access-date=July 6, 2025 |website=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref> Released in July, "7 and 7 Is" peaked at number 33 and would be the highest-charting single of the band's career.<ref name="Hot100" />{{Sfn|Einarson|2010|p=118}} ''Da Capo'' reached number 80, which was seen as a disappointment.<ref name="BB200" />{{Sfn|Einarson|2010|p=145}}}} however, success was halted by bandleader [[Arthur Lee (musician)|Arthur Lee]]'s refusal to [[Concert tour|tour]].{{Sfn|Einarson|2010|pp=119–122, 150–151}}{{Sfn|Hoskyns|2001|p=59}} Lee expressed a fear of leaving the band's home city, [[Los Angeles]].{{Sfn|Einarson|2010|p=154}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lewis |first=Miles Marshall |author-link=Miles Marshall Lewis |date=February 28, 2025 |title=Love Story: The Legacy of Arthur Lee |url=https://www.hitsdailydouble.com/news/black-history-month/love-arthur-lee-2025-02-28 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250619205848/https://www.hitsdailydouble.com/news/black-history-month/love-arthur-lee-2025-02-28 |archive-date=June 19, 2025 |access-date=July 11, 2025 |website=[[Hits (magazine)|Hits]]}}</ref>
-Love's first two albums—the [[Love (Love album)|self-titled debut]] and ''[[Da Capo (Love album)|Da Capo]]''—were released in 1966, as well as the successful singles "[[My Little Red Book#Love version|My Little Red Book]]" and, the band's only top-40 hit, "[[7 and 7 Is]]".{{Sfn|Einarson|2010|pp=104, 145}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Love Billboard Hot 100 Chart History |url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/love/chart-history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121195638/https://www.billboard.com/artist/love/chart-history/ |archive-date=January 21, 2025 |access-date=June 5, 2025 |website=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref> However, the group's opportunity for major national success dwindled as a consequence of frontman [[Arthur Lee (musician)|Arthur Lee]]'s unwillingness to tour, his deteriorating relationship with Love's other songwriter [[Bryan MacLean]], and the overshadowing presence of label-mates [[the Doors]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lamag.com/culturefiles/halfway-between-watts-and-charles-manson-local-idol-arthur-lee/|title=Halfway Between Watts and Charles Manson: Local idol Arthur Lee|website=Lamag.com|last=Duersten |first=Matthew|date=May 22, 2014 |access-date=May 31, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/arthur-lee-1945-2006-20060804|title=Arthur Lee (1945–2006)|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|last=Sullivan|first=James|access-date=May 31, 2016}}</ref> In a 1992 interview, MacLean spoke of him and Lee "competing a bit like [[Lennon–McCartney|Lennon and McCartney]] to see who would come up with the better song. It was part of our charm. Everybody had different behaviour patterns. Eventually, the others couldn't cut it".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-bryan-maclean-1044305.html|title=Orbituary: Bryan MacLean|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|access-date=May 31, 2016}}</ref> Throughout this period, the band – reduced to a quintet with the departures of Alban "Snoopy" Pfisterer and Tjay Cantrelli – were known to retreat to a dilapidated mansion in Hollywood, nicknamed "The Castle", to use heroin, causing further stagnation.<ref name=mojo>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AVQbF9lTBwgC&q=arthur+lee+love+da+capo&pg=PA114|title=The Mojo Collection|author=Various writers|edition=4th|page=114|year=2007|publisher=Canongate Books|isbn=978-1841959733}}</ref> The band was allowed to live in this mansion as long as they maintained it and paid property taxes.{{Sfn|Einarson|2010|p=110}}
+For ''Da Capo'', Love had expanded from five members to seven in order to experiment with a more [[jazz]]-influenced style. However, shortly after the album released, Lee decided the experiment had run its course and fired saxophonist/flautist Tjay Cantrelli and drummer-turned-keyboardist Alban "Snoopy" Pfisterer.{{Sfn|Einarson|2010|pp=130–131, 151–152}} The ''Forever Changes'' lineup of Love comprised Lee, [[Bryan MacLean]] ([[rhythm guitar]]), [[Johnny Echols]] ([[lead guitar]]), [[Ken Forssi]] ([[bass guitar]]), and Michael Stuart (drums).{{Sfn|Brooks|1997|p=40}}
+By 1967, the band was facing major internal conflicts.{{Sfn|Einarson|2010|p=160}} Echols explained: "We were [before] totally united: living together,{{Efn|During 1966, four members of Love lived together in a rented-out mansion that they nicknamed "The Castle". According to biographer [[John Einarson]], the residence began in April and lasted "less than a year", with Lee moving out in September.{{Sfn|Einarson|2010|pp=109–113, 134}}}} practicing together, and playing together. [...] But as more people started to recognize the group, there became these little factions. Arthur had his little clique, Bryan had his [...] They began to pull the group apart."{{Sfn|Einarson|2010|pp=160–161}} Lee's relationship with MacLean, Love's other songwriter, was deteriorating.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lamag.com/culturefiles/halfway-between-watts-and-charles-manson-local-idol-arthur-lee/|title=Halfway Between Watts and Charles Manson: Local idol Arthur Lee|website=Lamag.com|last=Duersten |first=Matthew|date=May 22, 2014 |access-date=May 31, 2016}}</ref> In a 1992 interview, Lee spoke of him and MacLean "competing a bit like [[Lennon–McCartney|Lennon and McCartney]] to see who would come up with the better song. It was part of our charm. Everybody had different behaviour patterns. Eventually, the others couldn't cut it".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-bryan-maclean-1044305.html|title=Orbituary: Bryan MacLean|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|access-date=May 31, 2016}}</ref>
+Love were also at odds with their label, [[Elektra Records]]. After recording ''Da Capo'', the band attempted for a third time to sever their contract with the label.{{Sfn|Einarson|2010|pp=132–133, 164}} The resulting May 1967 agreement required them to produce one more album.{{Sfn|Einarson|2010|p=164}} Throughout 1967, Lee also grew envious of the success of fellow Elektra band [[the Doors]], whom he had been integral in getting signed. However, it has been countered that the Doors were more willing to work on the road than Lee.{{Sfn|Houghton|2010|p=199}}
 ===Inspiration===
-Lee's material for ''Forever Changes'' was drawn from his lifestyle and environment, which contrasted greatly from the typical [[hippie]] culture of the time.<ref name=mojo/>{{Sfn|Moon|2008|p=457}} The songs reflected upon dark themes, such as [[paranoia]], the [[Vietnam War]], [[Civil rights movement|race issues in the US]], societal breakdown, and the negative effects of [[Recreational drug use|drug use]].{{Sfn|Moon|2008|p=457}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wnyc.org/story/253799-love-forever-changes/|title=Love: ''Forever Changes'' – Studio 360|website=Wnyc.org|access-date=April 25, 2019}}</ref>{{Sfn|Einarson|2010|pp=157–160}} In his ''[[33⅓]]'' book on the album, Andrew Hultkrans explained Lee's frame of mind at the time: "Arthur Lee was one member of the [[Counterculture of the 1960s|'60s counterculture]] who didn't buy [[Flower power|flower-power]] wholesale, who intuitively understood that letting the sunshine in wouldn't instantly vaporize the world's (or his own) dark stuff".{{Sfn|Hultkrans|2003|pp=3–4}} With the band in disarray, and increasingly concerned over his own mortality, Lee envisioned ''Forever Changes'' as a lament to his memory.{{Sfn|Hultkrans|2003|pp=3–4}}
+Lee's material for ''Forever Changes'' was drawn from his lifestyle and environment, which contrasted greatly from the typical [[hippie]] culture of the time.<ref name="mojo">{{cite book |author=Various writers |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AVQbF9lTBwgC&q=arthur+lee+love+da+capo&pg=PA114 |title=The Mojo Collection |publisher=Canongate Books |year=2007 |isbn=978-1841959733 |edition=4th |page=114}}</ref>{{Sfn|Moon|2008|p=457}} The songs reflected upon dark themes, such as [[paranoia]], the [[Vietnam War]], [[Civil rights movement|race issues in the US]], societal breakdown, and the negative effects of [[Recreational drug use|drug use]].{{Sfn|Moon|2008|p=457}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wnyc.org/story/253799-love-forever-changes/|title=Love: ''Forever Changes'' – Studio 360|website=Wnyc.org|access-date=April 25, 2019}}</ref>{{Sfn|Einarson|2010|pp=157–160}} In his ''[[33⅓]]'' book on the album, Andrew Hultkrans explained Lee's frame of mind at the time: "Arthur Lee was one member of the [[Counterculture of the 1960s|'60s counterculture]] who didn't buy [[Flower power|flower-power]] wholesale, who intuitively understood that letting the sunshine in wouldn't instantly vaporize the world's (or his own) dark stuff".{{Sfn|Hultkrans|2003|pp=3–4}} With the band in disarray, and increasingly concerned over his own mortality, Lee envisioned ''Forever Changes'' as a lament to his memory.{{Sfn|Hultkrans|2003|pp=3–4}}
-Having already [[Audio engineer|engineered]] the group's first two albums, [[Bruce Botnick]] was enlisted to oversee the production of the third album along with Lee.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.richieunterberger.com/botnick.html|title=Bruce Botnick interview|website=Richieunterberger.com|last=Unterberger |first=Richie|access-date=June 1, 2016}}</ref> Botnick, who had also worked with [[Buffalo Springfield]], invited [[Neil Young]] to co-produce the album, but Young, after initially agreeing, excused himself from the project.{{Sfn|Unterberger|2003|p=52}} As Botnick recalled, "Neil really had the burning desire to go solo and realize his dream without being involved in another band".<ref name=congress/> It was reported that Young arranged the song "The Daily Planet",{{Sfn|Einarson|2010|p=170}} but he denied any involvement.<ref>{{cite book|title= Shakey: Neil Young's biography|last= McDonough|first= Jimmy|year= 2002|publisher= [[Random House]]|location= New York City|isbn= 978-0-679-42772-8|oclc= 47844513|url= https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780679427728 |page=160}}</ref>
+==Recording and style==
+Having already [[Audio engineer|engineered]] the group's first two albums, [[Bruce Botnick]] was enlisted to oversee the production of the third album along with Lee.<ref>{{cite web |last=Unterberger |first=Richie |title=Bruce Botnick interview |url=http://www.richieunterberger.com/botnick.html |access-date=June 1, 2016 |website=Richieunterberger.com}}</ref> Botnick, who had also worked with [[Buffalo Springfield]], invited [[Neil Young]] to co-produce the album, but Young, after initially agreeing, excused himself from the project.{{Sfn|Unterberger|2003|p=52}} As Botnick recalled, "Neil really had the burning desire to go solo and realize his dream without being involved in another band".<ref name="congress" /> It was reported that Young arranged the song "The Daily Planet",{{Sfn|Einarson|2010|p=170}} but he denied any involvement.<ref>{{cite book |last=McDonough |first=Jimmy |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780679427728 |title=Shakey: Neil Young's biography |publisher=[[Random House]] |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-679-42772-8 |location=New York City |page=160 |oclc=47844513}}</ref>
-==Recording and style==
 According to [[AllMusic]], the band embraced "a more gentle, contemplative, and organic sound on ''Forever Changes''," with much of the album "built around interwoven acoustic guitar textures and subtle [[orchestration]]s, with [[string section|strings]] and [[Brass section|horns]] both reinforcing and punctuating the melodies."<ref name="AllMusic"/> [[Elektra Records]] founder [[Jac Holzman]] had suggested that Love "advance backwards" by embracing the more subtle approach of [[folk music]], and Lee, while typically independent in his musical directions, accepted the suggestion.<ref name=congress>{{cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/programs/static/national-recording-preservation-board/documents/Love-Forever-Changes.pdf|title="Forever Changes" – 1967|website=Loc.gov|pages=1–2|last=Olsen |first=Ted|access-date=June 1, 2016}}</ref> Stephen M. Deusner of ''[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]'' stated that Lee paired his "dark, discomfiting lyrics" with music that draws from [[rock music|rock]], [[psychedelia]], folk, [[pop music|pop]], [[classical music|classical]], and [[mariachi]] influences without being reducible to any of those labels.<ref name="pitchfork.com">{{cite web |last1=Deusner |first1=Stephen M. |title=Love: Forever Changes [Collector's Edition] Album Review |url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/11429-forever-changes-collectors-edition/ |website=Pitchfork |access-date=18 February 2021}}</ref>
@@ Line 56: / Line 61: @@
 Lee spent three weeks with arranger [[David Angel (musician)|David Angel]], playing and singing the orchestral parts to him. Lee envisioned the horns and strings as part of the material from the beginning.{{Sfn|Einarson|2010|pp=165–167}} String and horn overdubs on September 18, followed by two more stereo mixing sessions, completed the sessions.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Olson |first=Ted |date=2011 |title="Forever Changes"—Love (1967) |url=https://www.loc.gov/static/programs/national-recording-preservation-board/documents/Love-Forever-Changes.pdf |access-date=January 11, 2025 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref>
-According to the staff of ''[[BrooklynVegan]]'', the tensions between Arthur Lee and Bryan MacLean "made for a unique energy" present on the album, said to be "[running] electric." The site described the album's production as "sweeping [and] [[Baroque music|baroque]]."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=BrooklynVegan |title=The 50 best psychedelic rock albums of the Summer of Love |url=https://www.brooklynvegan.com/best-psychedelic-rock-albums-summer-of-love-1967/ |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=BrooklynVegan |language=en-US}}</ref> ''[[NME]]'' wrote that the album is "joyous, uplifting and [[Sweetness|sweet]] in parts, while at the same time menacing, [[Extraversion and introversion|introverted]] and [[Paranoia|paranoid]]."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Blog |first=N. M. E. |date=2012-04-03 |title=10 best psychedelic albums of all time |url=https://www.nme.com/blogs/nme-blogs/listomania-top-10-psychedelic-albums-768703 |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=NME |language=en-GB}}</ref>
+According to the staff of ''[[BrooklynVegan]]'', the tensions between Arthur Lee and Bryan MacLean "made for a unique energy" present on the album, said to be "[running] electric." The site described the album's production as "sweeping [and] [[Baroque music|baroque]]."<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=The 50 best psychedelic rock albums of the Summer of Love |url=https://www.brooklynvegan.com/best-psychedelic-rock-albums-summer-of-love-1967/ |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=Brooklynvegan.com |language=en-US}}</ref> ''[[NME]]'' wrote that the album is "joyous, uplifting and [[Sweetness|sweet]] in parts, while at the same time menacing, [[Extraversion and introversion|introverted]] and [[Paranoia|paranoid]]."<ref name="auto"/>
 == Title and artwork ==
@@ Line 64: / Line 69: @@
 == Release, commercial performance, and aftermath ==
-Released in November 1967, ''Forever Changes'' initially only achieved moderate commercial success. It peaked at number 154 in the US, the lowest showing of a Love album up to that point.<ref name=":0" /> However, it fared much better in the UK, where it reached number 24.<ref name=":2" /> Holzman partially attributed the album's small impact to the fact that it was released in November, only to be overshadowed by the Christmas market rush.{{Sfn|Einarson|2010|p=|pp=189, 194}}
+Released in November 1967, ''Forever Changes'' initially only achieved moderate commercial success. It peaked at number 154 in the US, the lowest showing of a Love album up to that point.<ref name="BB200" /> However, it fared much better in the UK, where it reached number 24.<ref name=":2" /> Holzman partially attributed the album's small impact to the fact that it was released in November, only to be overshadowed by the Christmas market rush.{{Sfn|Einarson|2010|p=|pp=189, 194}}
 The underwhelming reaction to ''Forever Changes'' from the general public further contributed to the band's state of disarray. Live performances became less and less frequent, and the members' addictions to heroin and cocaine worsened. This line-up of Love released one more single, "Your Mind and We Belong Together"/"Laughing Stock", in January 1968. It was later falsely rumored that these songs were meant to be the beginning of work on another album titled ''Gethsemane''. Lee was also angered by the prospect of MacLean recording a solo album for Elektra.{{Sfn|Einarson|2010|pp=23, 195–205}} By August 1968, Lee had replaced the members of Love with a new line-up that "hated ''Forever Changes''" and took a more [[hard rock]] and [[blues rock]] direction.{{Sfn|Einarson|2010|p=204, 211}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cavanagh |first=David |date=June 19, 2008 |title=Love: Love Story |url=https://www.uncut.co.uk/reviews/love-love-story-7729/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718235113/https://www.uncut.co.uk/reviews/love-love-story-7729/ |archive-date=July 18, 2024 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=[[Uncut (magazine)|Uncut]]}}</ref>
@@ Line 70: / Line 75: @@
 == Critical reception ==
-===Contemporary reviews===
+===Contemporaneous reviews===
 [[File:Forever Changes - Billboard ad 1968.png|thumb|''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' advertisement, January 27, 1968]]Initial reviews were positive. Writing for ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' in 1968, Jim Bickhart regarded ''Forever Changes'' as Love's "most sophisticated album yet", applauding the orchestral arrangements and recording quality.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/forever-changes-19680210 |title=Love: Forever Changes |first=Jim |last=Bickhart |date=February 10, 1968 |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |issn=0035-791X |access-date=September 26, 2011}}</ref> In ''[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]'', [[Robert Christgau]] called it an elaboration on Love's original musical style and "a vast improvement" over their previous recordings, because "Lee has stopped trying to imitate [[Mick Jagger]] with his soft voice, and the lyrics, while still obscure, now have an interesting surface as well."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Christgau|first=Robert|date=June 1968|url=https://www.robertchristgau.com/xg/bk-aow/column4.php|title=Columns|magazine=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]|access-date=December 3, 2018}}</ref> [[Pete Johnson (rock critic)|Pete Johnson]] of the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' believed the album could "survive endless listening with no diminishing either of power or of freshness", adding that "parts of the album are beautiful; others are disturbingly ugly, reflections of the pop movement towards realism". Gene Youngblood of ''LA Free Express'' also praised the album, calling it "melancholy iconoclasm and tasteful romanticism."{{Sfn|Einarson|2010|pp=189–190}} [[Harvey Kubernik]] believed that the reaction to ''Forever Changes'' in Los Angeles was comparable to that of [[the Beatles]]' ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]]'' in the UK.{{Sfn|Einarson|2010|p=190}}
@@ Line 78: / Line 83: @@
 | rev1 = [[AllMusic]]
 | rev1Score = {{Rating|5|5}}<ref name="AllMusic">{{AllMusic |class= album|id= forever-changes-mw0000193671|label= ''Forever Changes''|last= Deming|first= Mark|access-date= March 2, 2017}}</ref>
-| rev2 = ''[[Encyclopedia of Popular Music]]''
+| rev2 = ''[[The Encyclopedia of Popular Music]]''
-| rev2Score = {{Rating|5|5}}<ref>{{cite book|last=Larkin|first=Colin|author-link=Colin Larkin|title=Encyclopedia of Popular Music|year=2007|publisher=[[Omnibus Press]]|edition=5th|isbn=978-0857125958|title-link=Encyclopedia of Popular Music}}</ref>
+| rev2Score = {{Rating|5|5}}<ref>{{cite book|last=Larkin|first=Colin|author-link=Colin Larkin|title=[[The Encyclopedia of Popular Music]]|year=2007|publisher=[[Omnibus Press]]|edition=5th|isbn=978-0857125958}}</ref>
 | rev3 = ''[[The Great Rock Discography]]''
 | rev3Score = 10/10<ref>{{cite book|last=Strong|first=Martin C.|author-link=Martin C. Strong|year=2004|chapter=Love|title=The Great Rock Discography|publisher=Canongate U.S.|isbn=1841956155|edition=7th}}</ref>
-| rev4 = [[NME]]
+| rev4 = ''[[NME]]''
-| rev4Score = 10/10<ref name="NME">{{cite web |url=https://www.nme.com/reviews/album/reviews-nme-4063 |title=Love: Forever Changes |work=[[NME]] |date=September 12, 2005 |access-date=September 12, 2005 |last=Kessler |first=Ted}}</ref>
+| rev4Score = 10/10<ref name="NME">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.nme.com/reviews/album/reviews-nme-4063 |title=Love: Forever Changes |magazine=[[NME]] |date=September 12, 2005 |access-date=September 12, 2005 |last=Kessler |first=Ted}}</ref>
 | rev5 = ''[[The Rolling Stone Album Guide]]''
 | rev5Score = {{Rating|4.5|5}}<ref>{{cite book|author=Evans, Paul|editor1-first=Nathan|editor1-last=Brackett|editor1-link=Nathan Brackett|editor2-first=Christian|editor2-last=Hoard|editor2-link=Christian Hoard |chapter=Love |title=The New Rolling Stone Album Guide|publisher=Simon & Schuster|edition=4th|year=2004|isbn=0-7432-0169-8|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/newrollingstonea00brac/page/496/mode/2up |title-link=The Rolling Stone Album Guide |chapter-url-access=registration}}</ref>
 | rev6 = ''[[Slant Magazine]]''
 | rev6score = {{Rating|4.5|5}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.slantmagazine.com/music/love-forever-changes/ |title=Love: ''Forever Changes'' <nowiki>| Album Review</nowiki> |last=Cinquemani |first=Sal |date=April 13, 2008 |magazine=[[Slant Magazine]] |access-date=September 9, 2022}}</ref>
-| rev7 = Sputnikmusic
+| rev7 = [[Sputnikmusic]]
 | rev7score = 5/5<ref>{{cite web |date=January 14, 2005 |url=https://www.sputnikmusic.com/review/788/Love-Forever-Changes/ |title=Review: Love – ''Forever Changes'' |publisher=Sputnikmusic |access-date=September 9, 2022}}</ref>
 | rev8 = ''[[Uncut (magazine)|Uncut]]''
@@ Line 94: / Line 99: @@
 | rev9 = ''[[The Village Voice]]''
 | rev9Score = A−<ref name="Christgau">{{cite news|last=Christgau|first=Robert|author-link=Robert Christgau|date=December 20, 1976|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=6N9LAAAAIBAJ&pg=6134,4535773|title=Christgau's Consumer Guide to 1967|newspaper=[[The Village Voice]]|page=69|location=New York City|access-date=June 22, 2013}}</ref>
-| rev10= ''[[The Rolling Stone Record Guide]] (1st ed, 1979)''
-|rev10Score = {{rating|5|5}}
-| rev11= ''[[The New Rolling Stone Record Guide]] (2nd ed, 1983)''
-|rev11Score = {{rating|5|5}}
-| rev12= ''[[The Rolling Stone Album Guide]] (3rd ed, 1992)''
-|rev12Score = {{rating|4|5}}
 }}
-After the initial reactions to ''Forever Changes'' died down, the album maintained a [[cult following]], with [[Richie Unterberger]] calling it "the biggest cult album of all time, its following just growing and growing through subsequent decades and generations."{{Sfn|Unterberger|2003|p=52}} Biographer [[John Einarson]] agrees, adding that "its reputation as one of the greatest albums of all time has been built almost exclusively by rediscovery and word of mouth."{{Sfn|Einarson|2010|p=23}} In a retrospective review, [[AllMusic]] stated that the album "became recognized as one of the finest and most haunting albums to come out of the [[Summer of Love]]," calling it "an album that heralds the last days of a golden age and anticipates the growing ugliness that would dominate the counterculture in 1968 and 1969."<ref name="AllMusic"/> The 1979 edition of ''The Rolling Stone Record Guide'' gave the album a rating of five stars (out of five). It also received five stars in the 1983 edition of the guide and in the 1992 guide four.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wMEQAQAAMAAJ&q=forever+changes|title=The Rolling Stone Album Guide: Completely New Reviews: Every Essential Album, Every Essential Artist|first1=Anthony|last1=DeCurtis|first2=James|last2=Henke|first3=Holly|last3=George-Warren|date=April 25, 1992|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-0679737292|access-date=April 25, 2019|via=Google Books}}</ref> In a special issue of ''[[Mojo (magazine)|Mojo]]'' magazine, ''Forever Changes'' was ranked the second greatest [[Psychedelic music|psychedelic]] album of all time. In the January 1996 issue, ''Mojo'' readers selected ''Forever Changes'' as number 11 on the "100 Greatest Albums Ever Made".<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.rocklistmusic.co.uk/mojo.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051207104904/http://www.rocklistmusic.co.uk/mojo.html |url-status=usurped |archive-date=December 7, 2005 |title=The 100 Greatest Albums Ever Made |date=August 1995 |magazine=[[Mojo (magazine)|Mojo]] |location=London |publisher=Bauer Media Group |issn=1351-0193 |access-date=September 26, 2011}}</ref> In 2002, members of the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|UK Parliament]] signed [https://edm.parliament.uk/early-day-motion/20565/arthur-lee-love-and-forever-changes a motion] declaring ''Forever Changes'' "the greatest album of all time".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/low/entertainment/music/2052074.stm |title=Freed 1960s star meets MPs |date=June 18, 2002 |newspaper=[[BBC News]] |access-date=September 26, 2011}}</ref>
+After the initial reactions to ''Forever Changes'' died down, the album maintained a [[cult following]], with [[Richie Unterberger]] calling it "the biggest cult album of all time, its following just growing and growing through subsequent decades and generations."{{Sfn|Unterberger|2003|p=52}} Biographer [[John Einarson]] agrees, adding that "its reputation as one of the greatest albums of all time has been built almost exclusively by rediscovery and word of mouth."{{Sfn|Einarson|2010|p=23}} In a retrospective review, [[AllMusic]] stated that the album "became recognized as one of the finest and most haunting albums to come out of the [[Summer of Love]]," calling it "an album that heralds the last days of a golden age and anticipates the growing ugliness that would dominate the counterculture in 1968 and 1969."<ref name="AllMusic"/> The 1979 edition of ''The Rolling Stone Record Guide'' gave the album a rating of five stars (out of five). It also received five stars in the 1983 edition of the guide and in the 1992 guide four.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wMEQAQAAMAAJ&q=forever+changes|title=The Rolling Stone Album Guide: Completely New Reviews: Every Essential Album, Every Essential Artist|first1=Anthony|last1=DeCurtis|first2=James|last2=Henke|first3=Holly|last3=George-Warren|date=April 25, 1992|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-0679737292|access-date=April 25, 2019|via=Google Books}}</ref> In a special issue of ''[[Mojo (magazine)|Mojo]]'' magazine, ''Forever Changes'' was ranked the second greatest [[Psychedelic music|psychedelic]] album of all time. In the January 1996 issue, ''Mojo'' readers selected ''Forever Changes'' as number 11 on the "100 Greatest Albums Ever Made".<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.rocklistmusic.co.uk/mojo.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051207104904/http://www.rocklistmusic.co.uk/mojo.html |url-status=usurped |archive-date=December 7, 2005 |title=The 100 Greatest Albums Ever Made |date=August 1995 |magazine=[[Mojo (magazine)|Mojo]] |location=London |publisher=Bauer Media Group |issn=1351-0193 |access-date=September 26, 2011}}</ref> In 2002, members of the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|UK Parliament]] signed [https://edm.parliament.uk/early-day-motion/20565/arthur-lee-love-and-forever-changes a motion] declaring ''Forever Changes'' "the greatest album of all time".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2052074.stm |title=Freed 1960s star meets MPs |date=June 18, 2002 |newspaper=[[BBC News]] |access-date=September 26, 2011}}</ref>
+In a survey of 1960s folk rock, Richie Unterberger named the album his second favorite of the genre, but only 24th in terms of historical importance.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Unterberger |first=Richie |author-link=Richie Unterberger |title=Great Moments in Folk Rock: Lists of Author Favorites |url=http://www.richieunterberger.com/turnlists.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250704220102/http://www.richieunterberger.com/turnlists.html |archive-date=July 4, 2025 |access-date=July 9, 2025 |website=richieunterberger.com}}</ref>
 == Reissues ==
@@ Line 117: / Line 118: @@
 ''Forever Changes'' was inducted into the [[Grammy Hall of Fame Award|Grammy Hall of Fame]] in 2008<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grammy Hall of Fame Award |url=https://www.grammy.com/awards/hall-of-fame-award |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250521144523/https://www.grammy.com/awards/hall-of-fame-award |archive-date=May 21, 2025 |access-date=Jun 18, 2025 |website=[[Grammy Awards|GRAMMY.com]]}}</ref> and added to the [[National Recording Registry]] in 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://psychedelicsight.com/recording-registry/ |title=Love, Dead in National Recording Registry |website=Psychedelicsight.com |access-date=May 23, 2012}}</ref> ''Rolling Stone'' ranked it number 180 on its 2020 list of [[Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time|the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time]].<ref>{{cite magazine| url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/best-albums-of-all-time-1062063/love-forever-changes-3-1063053/| date=September 22, 2020| title=500 Greatest Albums of All Time| magazine= [[Rolling Stone]]| access-date=September 29, 2020}}.</ref> The album was also included in [[Robert Christgau]]'s "Basic Record Library" of 1950s and 1960s recordings, published in ''[[Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies]]'' (1981).<ref>{{cite book|last=Christgau|first=Robert|author-link=Robert Christgau|year=1981|title=Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies|title-link=Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies|publisher=[[Ticknor & Fields]]|isbn=0899190251|chapter=A Basic Record Library: The Fifties and Sixties|chapter-url=https://www.robertchristgau.com/xg/bk-cg70/basics.php|access-date=March 16, 2019}}</ref> It was voted number 12 in [[Colin Larkin (writer)|Colin Larkin]]'s [[All Time Top 1000 Albums]] 3rd Edition (2000).<ref name="Larkin">{{cite book|title=All Time Top 1000 Albums|title-link=All Time Top 1000 Albums|editor=Colin Larkin|editor-link=Colin Larkin (writer)|publisher=[[Virgin Books]]|year=2000|edition=3rd|isbn=0-7535-0493-6|page=39}}</ref> In 2013, ''[[NME]]'' ranked the album number 37 on their list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. Publishers such as [[AllMusic]]<ref>{{cite web |author1=Mark Deming |title=Love - Forever Changes |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/forever-changes-mw0000193671 |publisher=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=May 2, 2021}}</ref> and ''[[Slant Magazine]]''<ref>{{cite magazine |author1=Sal Cinquemani |title=Review: Love, Forever Changes |url=https://www.slantmagazine.com/music/love-forever-changes/ |magazine=[[Slant Magazine]] |date=April 13, 2008}}</ref> have praised the album as well. In a 2005 survey held by British television's [[Channel 4]], the album was ranked 83rd in the 100 greatest albums of all time.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.channel4.com/entertainment/tv/microsites/G/greatest/albums/results.html |title=The 100 Greatest Albums |publisher=[[Channel 4]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050419014122/http://www.channel4.com/entertainment/tv/microsites/G/greatest/albums/results.html |archive-date=April 19, 2005}}</ref> The album was included in the 2005 book ''[[1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die]]''.<ref name= "Dimery 2009">{{cite book |last=Dimery |first=Robert |title=1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die |publisher=Octopus Publishing Group, London |year=2009 |pages=42–43 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PIyEkArSW0EC |isbn=9781844036240 |access-date= May 18, 2013}}</ref>
-According to the ''[[New Musical Express]]'', [[the Stone Roses]]' relationship with their future producer [[John Leckie]] was settled when they all agreed that ''Forever Changes'' was the "best record ever".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nme.com/gallery/25_things_you_didn%27t_know_about_the_stone_roses/124337/22/1 |title=The Stone Roses – resurrected? |date=July 9, 2009 |quote=Reni said, 'What's your favourite record ever?' I came out with Love's 'Forever Changes' and they all fell about and said, 'That's our favourite record as well!' |website=Nme.com |access-date=September 26, 2011}}</ref> [[Robert Plant]] is an admirer of the album.<ref>{{cite news
+According to ''NME'', [[the Stone Roses]]' relationship with their future producer [[John Leckie]] was settled when they all agreed that ''Forever Changes'' was the "best record ever".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nme.com/gallery/25_things_you_didn%27t_know_about_the_stone_roses/124337/22/1 |title=The Stone Roses – resurrected? |date=July 9, 2009 |quote=Reni said, 'What's your favourite record ever?' I came out with Love's 'Forever Changes' and they all fell about and said, 'That's our favourite record as well!' |website=Nme.com |access-date=September 26, 2011}}</ref> [[Robert Plant]] is an admirer of the album.<ref>{{cite news
-|first=Jeff |last=Weiss |url=https://www.laweekly.com/loves-forever-changes-may-be-the-greatest-album-ever-made-in-l-a/ |title=Love's ''Forever Changes'' May Be the Greatest Album Ever Made in L.A. |newspaper=[[LA Weekly]] |accessdate=March 18, 2021}}</ref>
+|first=Jeff |last=Weiss |url=https://www.laweekly.com/loves-forever-changes-may-be-the-greatest-album-ever-made-in-l-a/ |title=Love's ''Forever Changes'' May Be the Greatest Album Ever Made in L.A. |newspaper=[[LA Weekly]] |access-date=March 18, 2021}}</ref>
-The staff of ''[[BrooklynVegan]]'' named the album as the best psychedelic rock album of the [[Summer of Love]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=BrooklynVegan |title=The 50 best psychedelic rock albums of the Summer of Love |url=https://www.brooklynvegan.com/best-psychedelic-rock-albums-summer-of-love-1967/ |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=BrooklynVegan |language=en-US}}</ref> and ''[[NME]]'' named the album as the greatest psychedelic album of all time.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Blog |first=N. M. E. |date=2012-04-03 |title=10 best psychedelic albums of all time |url=https://www.nme.com/blogs/nme-blogs/listomania-top-10-psychedelic-albums-768703 |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=NME |language=en-GB}}</ref>
+The staff of ''[[BrooklynVegan]]'' named the album as the best psychedelic rock album of the [[Summer of Love]],<ref name="auto1"/> and ''NME'' named the album as the greatest psychedelic album of all time.<ref name="auto"/>
 ==Track listing==
-All songs written by [[Arthur Lee (musician)|Arthur Lee]], except "[[Alone Again Or]]" and "Old Man" by [[Bryan MacLean]]. Details are taken from the 50th Anniversary Edition.<ref>[https://theseconddisc.com/2018/05/17/review-love-forever-changes-50th-anniversary-edition/ Review: Love, "''Forever Changes'': 50th Anniversary Edition" - The Second Disc]</ref>
+All songs written by [[Arthur Lee (musician)|Arthur Lee]], except "[[Alone Again Or]]" and "Old Man" by [[Bryan MacLean]]. Details are taken from the 50th Anniversary Edition.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theseconddisc.com/2018/05/17/review-love-forever-changes-50th-anniversary-edition/|title=Review: Love, "Forever Changes: 50th Anniversary Edition"|website=Theseconddisc.com|first=Joe|last=Marchese|date=May 17, 2018|access-date=November 18, 2025}}</ref> Bonus track "[[Wooly Bully]]" written by [[Sam Samudio]].
 {{Track listing
 | headline      = Side one
@@ Line 200: / Line 201: @@
 A two-disc collection. Disc 1 presents the original stereo album, remastered, while disc 2 is a previously unreleased alternate stereo mix of the album, featuring the following bonus tracks:
 {{Track listing
-| headline     =
+| headline      =
-| title12      = Wonder People (I Do Wonder)
+| title12       = Wonder People (I Do Wonder)
-| length12     = 3:21
+| length12      = 3:21
-| note12       = Outtake, Original Mix
+| note12        = Outtake, Original Mix
-| title13      = Hummingbirds
+| title13       = Hummingbirds
-| length13     = 2:41
+| length13      = 2:41
-| note13       = Demo
+| note13        = Demo
-| title14      = A House Is Not a Motel
+| title14       = A House Is Not a Motel
-| length14     = 3:11
+| length14      = 3:11
-| note14       = Backing Track
+| note14        = Backing Track
-| title15      = Andmoreagain
+| title15       = Andmoreagain
-| length15     = 3:08
+| length15      = 3:08
-| note15       = Alternate Electric Backing Track
+| note15        = Alternate Electric Backing Track
-| title16      = The Red Telephone
+| title16       = The Red Telephone
-| length16     = 2:07
+| length16      = 2:07
-| note16       = Tracking Sessions Highlights
+| note16        = Tracking Sessions Highlights
-| title17      = Wooly Bully
+| title17       = [[Wooly Bully]]
-| length17     = 1:27
+| length17      = 1:27
-| note17       = Outtake
+| note17        = Outtake
-| title18      = Alone Again Or
+| title18       = Alone Again Or
-| length18     = 2:54
+| length18      = 2:54
-| note18       = Mono Single Remix
+| note18        = Mono Single Remix
-| title19      = Your Mind and We Belong Together
+| title19       = Your Mind and We Belong Together
-| length19     = 8:16
+| length19      = 8:16
-| note19       = Tracking Sessions Highlights
+| note19        = Tracking Sessions Highlights
-| title20      = Your Mind and We Belong Together
+| title20       = Your Mind and We Belong Together
-| length20     = 4:27
+| length20      = 4:27
-| note20       = Single A-side
+| note20        = Single A-side
-| title21      = Laughing Stock
+| title21       = Laughing Stock
-| length21     = 2:31
+| length21      = 2:31
-| note21       = B-side of "Your Mind and We Belong Together"
+| note21        = B-side of "Your Mind and We Belong Together"
 }}
@@ Line 237: / Line 238: @@
 A box set comprising four CDs, one LP and one DVD: disc 2 presents the original mono album, remastered; disc 3 is the alternate stereo mix; disc 4 is outtakes, single versions, demos, session highlights and non album tracks from the era; disc 5 is the original stereo album on vinyl, remastered and cut from high resolution audio; and disc 6 is a 24/96 stereo mix on DVD, featuring a bonus music video.
 {{Track listing
-| headline     = Disc 3
+| headline      = Disc 3
-| title12      = Wonder People (I Do Wonder)
+| title12       = Wonder People (I Do Wonder)
-| length12     = 3:23
+| length12      = 3:23
-| note12       = Outtake; Alternate Mix
+| note12        = Outtake; Alternate Mix
 }}
 {{Track listing
-| headline     = Disc 4
+| headline      = Disc 4
-| title1       = Wonder People (I Do Wonder)
+| title1        = Wonder People (I Do Wonder)
-| length1      = 3:20
+| length1       = 3:20
-| note1        = Outtake; Original Mix
+| note1         = Outtake; Original Mix
-| title2       = Alone Again Or
+| title2        = Alone Again Or
-| length2      = 2:48
+| length2       = 2:48
-| note2        = Single Version
+| note2         = Single Version
-| title3       = A House Is Not a Motel
+| title3        = A House Is Not a Motel
-| length3      = 3:22
+| length3       = 3:22
-| note3        = Single Version
+| note3         = Single Version
-| title4       = Hummingbirds
+| title4        = Hummingbirds
-| length4      = 2:41
+| length4       = 2:41
-| note4        = demo of "The Good Humor Man He Sees Everything Like This"
+| note4         = demo of "The Good Humor Man He Sees Everything Like This"
-| title5       = A House Is Not a Motel
+| title5        = A House Is Not a Motel
-| length5      = 3:06
+| length5       = 3:06
-| note5        = Backing Track
+| note5         = Backing Track
-| title6       = Andmoreagain
+| title6        = Andmoreagain
-| length6      = 3:06
+| length6       = 3:06
-| note6        = Alternate Electric Backing Track
+| note6         = Alternate Electric Backing Track
-| title7       = The Red Telephone
+| title7        = The Red Telephone
-| length7      = 2:07
+| length7       = 2:07
-| note7        = Tracking Sessions Highlights
+| note7         = Tracking Sessions Highlights
-| title8       = Wooly Bully
+| title8        = [[Wooly Bully]]
-| length8      = 1:25
+| length8       = 1:25
-| note8        = [[Domingo Samudio]]; Outtake
+| note8         = [[Domingo Samudio]]; Outtake
-| title9       = Live and Let Live
+| title9        = Live and Let Live
-| length9      = 5:37
+| length9       = 5:37
-| note9        = Backing Track
+| note9         = Backing Track
-| title10      = Wonder People (I Do Wonder)
+| title10       = Wonder People (I Do Wonder)
-| length10     = 3:30
+| length10      = 3:30
-| note10       = Outtake; Backing Track
+| note10        = Outtake; Backing Track
-| title11      = Your Mind and We Belong Together
+| title11       = Your Mind and We Belong Together
-| length11     = 8:16
+| length11      = 8:16
-| note11       = Tracking Sessions Highlights
+| note11        = Tracking Sessions Highlights
-| title12      = Your Mind and We Belong Together
+| title12       = Your Mind and We Belong Together
-| length12     = 4:27
+| length12      = 4:27
-| note12       = Single A-side
+| note12        = Single A-side
-| title13      = Laughing Stock
+| title13       = Laughing Stock
-| length13     = 2:34
+| length13      = 2:34
-| note13       = B-side of "Your Mind and We Belong Together"
+| note13        = B-side of "Your Mind and We Belong Together"
-| title14      = Alone Again Or
+| title14       = Alone Again Or
-| length14     = 2:51
+| length14      = 2:51
-| note14       = Mono Single Remix
+| note14        = Mono Single Remix
 }}
 {{Track listing
-| headline     = Disc 6
+| headline      = Disc 6
-| title12      = Your Mind and We Belong Together
+| title12       = Your Mind and We Belong Together
-| length12     = 4:27
+| length12      = 4:27
-| note12       = Video
+| note12        = Video
 }}
@@ Line 338: / Line 339: @@
 * Vanessa Atkins and Cory Frye – Editorial Supervision
 }}
+==Charts==
+{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
+|+ Chart performance for ''Forever Changes''
+! scope="col"| Chart (1968)
+! scope="col"| Peak<br />position
+|-
+{{album chart|Billboard200|154|artist=Love|rowheader=true|access-date=November 12, 2025}}
+|-
+{{album chart|UK2|24|date=19680310|rowheader=true|access-date=November 12, 2025|refname="UK1968"}}
+|}
+{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
+! scope="col"| Chart (2001)
+! scope="col"| Peak<br />position
+|-
+{{album chart|Scotland|80|date=20010225|rowheader=true|access-date=November 12, 2025|refname="SCT2001"}}
+|-
+{{album chart|UK2|63|date=20010225|rowheader=true|access-date=November 12, 2025|refname="UK2001"}}
+|-
+{{album chart|UKRock|7|date=20010225|rowheader=true|access-date=November 12, 2025}}
+|}
+{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
+! scope="col"| Chart (2018)
+! scope="col"| Peak<br />position
+|-
+{{album chart|Scotland|70|date=20180413|rowheader=true|access-date=November 12, 2025|refname="SCT2018"}}
+|}
+{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
+! scope="col"| Chart (2025)
+! scope="col"| Peak<br />position
+|-
+! scope="row"| Greek Albums ([[IFPI Greece|IFPI]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifpi.gr/charts_en.html|title=Official IFPI Charts Top-75 Albums Sales Chart (Combined) – Εβδομάδα: 45/2025|publisher=[[IFPI Greece]]|access-date=November 12, 2025|lang=el|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251112073722/https://www.ifpi.gr/charts_el.html|archive-date=November 12, 2025|url-status=dead}}</ref>
+| 18
+|}
 ==See also==
 *[[Timeline of 1960s counterculture]]
+== Notes ==
+{{Notelist}}
 ==References==
@@ Line 349: / Line 390: @@
 === Bibliography ===
+* {{Cite book |last=Brooks |first=Ken |title=Arthur Lee: Love Story |date=1997 |publisher=Agenda Ltd |isbn=978-1-899882-60-1 |location=UK}}
 * {{Cite book |last=Einarson |first=John |author-link=John Einarson |url=https://archive.org/details/foreverchangesar0000eina |title=Forever Changes: Arthur Lee and the Book of Love |date=2010 |publisher=Jawbone Press |isbn=978-1-906002-31-2 |location=UK & USA |url-access=registration}}
 * {{Cite AV media notes |title=Forever Changes |date=2001 |others=[[Love (band)|Love]] |id=R2 76717 |publisher=[[Elektra Records]], [[Rhino Entertainment|Rhino Records]] |type=Liner notes |ref={{harvid|2001 reissue}}}}
+* {{Cite book |last=Hoskyns |first=Barney |author-link=Barney Hoskyns |title=Arthur Lee: Alone Again Or |date=2001 |publisher=[[Mojo Books]] |isbn=978-1-84195-085-3 |location=UK & North America}}
+* {{Cite book |last=Houghton |first=Mick |url=https://archive.org/details/becomingelektrat0000houg |title=Becoming Elektra: The True Story of Jac Holzman's Visionary Record Label |date=2010 |publisher=Jawbone Press |isbn=978-1-906002-29-9 |location=UK & USA |url-access=registration}}
 * {{Cite book |last=Hultkrans |first=Andrew |url=https://archive.org/details/foreverchanges00hult |title=Forever Changes |series=''[[33⅓]]''  |date=2003 |publisher=[[Continuum International Publishing Group]] |isbn=978-0-8264-1493-9 |location=New York City & London |url-access=registration}}
 * {{Cite book |last=Moon |first=Tom |author-link=Tom Moon |url=https://archive.org/details/1000recordingsto00moon_0 |title=1,000 Recordings to Hear Before You Die |date=2008 |publisher=[[Workman Publishing Company]] |isbn=978-0-7611-3963-8 |location=New York City |url-access=registration}}
@@ Line 374: / Line 418: @@
 [[Category:Albums recorded at Sunset Sound Recorders]]
 [[Category:United States National Recording Registry albums]]
+[[Category:Orchestral pop albums]]

Forever Changes: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 13:50, 19 November 2025

Background

Inspiration

Recording and style

Title and artwork

Release, commercial performance, and aftermath

Critical reception

Contemporaneous reviews

Retrospective acclaim

Reissues

Legacy

Track listing

Personnel

Charts

See also

Notes

References

Citations

Bibliography

External links

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