Protestant Church in the Netherlands: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 02:45, 18 November 2025

Template:Short description Template:Infobox Christian denomination

The Protestant Church in the Netherlands (Template:Langx, abbreviated PKN) is the largest Protestant denomination in the Netherlands, consisting of historical Calvinist and Lutheran churches.

It was founded on 1 May 2004 as the merger of the vast majority of the Dutch Reformed Church,^[1] the vast majority of the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands, and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Kingdom of the Netherlands.^[2]^[3] The merger was the culmination of an organizational process started in 1961. Several orthodox Reformed and liberal churches did not merge into the new church.

The Protestant Church in the Netherlands (PKN) forms the country's second largest Christian denomination after the Catholic Church, with approximately 1.4 million members as per the church official statistics or some 7.9% of the population in 2023.^[4] It is the traditional faith of the Dutch Royal Family – a remnant of historical dominance of the Dutch Reformed Church, the main predecessor of the Protestant Church.

Doctrine and practice

File:Westerkerk Amsterdam 20041002.jpg

Westerkerk in Amsterdam

The doctrine of the Protestant Church in the Netherlands is expressed in its creeds. In addition to holding the Apostles', the Nicene, and the Athanasian creeds of the universal Church, it also holds to the confessions of its predecessor bodies. From the Lutheran tradition are the unaltered Augsburg Confession and Luther's Catechism, and from the Calvinist tradition are the Heidelberg and Genevan Catechisms along with the Belgic Confession with the Canons of Dordt. The Church also acknowledges the Theological Declaration of Barmen and the Leuenberg Agreement.^[5] Ordination of women and blessings of same-sex marriages are allowed.^[6]

The PKN contains both liberal and conservative movements, although the liberal Remonstrants left talks when they could not agree with the unaltered adoption of the Canons of Dordt. Local congregations have far-reaching powers concerning "controversial" matters (such as admittance to holy communion or whether women are admitted as members of the congregation's consistory).

Organization

The polity of the Protestant Church in the Netherlands is a hybrid of presbyterian and congregationalist church governance. Church governance is organised along local, regional, and national lines. At the local level is the congregation. An individual congregation is led by a church council made of the minister along with elders and deacons elected by the congregation. At the regional level were 75 classical assemblies whose members are chosen by the church councils. As of May 1, 2018, these 75 classical assemblies are reorganized into 11 larger ones. At the national level is the General Synod which directs areas of common interest, such as theological education, ministry training and ecumenical cooperation.^[7]

The PKN has four different types of congregations:

Protestant congregations: local congregations from different church bodies that have merged
Dutch Reformed congregations
Reformed congregations (congregations of the former Reformed Churches in the Netherlands)
Lutheran congregations (congregations of the former Evangelical-Lutheran Church)

Lutherans are a minority (about 1 percent) of the PKN's membership. To ensure that Lutherans are represented in the church, the Lutheran congregations have their own synod. The Lutheran Synod also has representatives in the General Synod.^[7] Since June 2024 Trijnie Bouw has been the president of the synod of Protestant Church in the Netherlands ^[8]

Statistical details

The Protestant Church in the Netherlands issues yearly reports regarding its membership and finances.^[9]

Its make-up by former affiliation of its congregations was as follows in 2017:

Members of the Protestant Church in the Netherlands by type of congregation (2017)^[9]
Former affiliation of the congregation	% of members in the Protestant Church in the Netherlands
no former affiliation, merged, or simply identifying as Protestant (Protestants)	Template:Bartable
former Dutch Reformed Church (Hervormd)	Template:Bartable
former Reformed Churches in the Netherlands (Gereformeerd)	Template:Bartable
former Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Kingdom of the Netherlands (Luthers)	Template:Bartable

Trend shows that since 2011 identification with former denominations has been falling in favor of simply identifying as "Protestant".

Secularization

Secularization, or the decline in religiosity, first became noticeable after 1960 in the Protestant rural areas of Friesland and Groningen. Then, it spread to Amsterdam, Rotterdam, and the other large cities in the west. Finally, the southern Catholic areas showed religious declines. Research in 2007 concluded that 42% of the members of the PKN were non-theists.^[10] Furthermore, in the PKN and several other smaller denominations of the Netherlands, one in six clergy were either agnostic or atheist.^[11]^[12] A Dutch minister of the PKN, Klaas Hendrikse once described God as "a word for experience, for human experience" and said that Jesus may have never existed.^[11]^[13]

A countervailing trend is produced by a religious revival in the Dutch Bible Belt.^[14]^[15]

Separations

File:Ontstaansgeschiedenis van kerken in Nederland.svg

History of the churches in the Netherlands

Only those congregations belonging to the former Reformed Churches in the Netherlands have the legal right to secede from the PKN without losing its property and church during a transition period of 10 years. Seven congregations have so far decided to form the Continued Reformed Churches in the Netherlands.^[2] Two congregations have joined one of the other smaller Calvinist churches in the Netherlands. Some minorities within congregations that joined the PKN decided to leave the church and associated themselves individually with one of the other Reformed churches.

Some congregations and members in the Dutch Reformed Church did not agree with the merger and have separated. They have organized themselves in the Restored Reformed Church. Estimations of their membership vary from 35,000 up to 70,000 people in about 120 local congregations.^[16] They disagree with the pluralism of the merged church which maintains, as they see it, contradicting Calvinist and Lutheran confessions. This group also considers same-sex marriages and female clergy unbiblical.

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Involvement in the Middle East

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References

Template:Reflist

External links

Template:Official website (in Dutch)

Template:Christianity in the Netherlands Template:CPCE Template:Lutheran World Federation Churches Template:Authority control

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↑ Church Order of the Protestant Church in the Netherlands Template:Webarchive. Article I, p. 1. Accessed July 13, 2010.
↑ Christian Post: Protestant Church in Netherlands to Grant Blessings to Gay Couples, 2007
↑ ^a ^b Organisation of the PKN Template:Webarchive. Accessed July 14, 2010.
↑ Protestantsekerk.nl: Ds. Trijnie Bouw: “Ik hoop dat de kerk een vindplaats blijft van vreugde en hoop”, June 2024
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[1] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[3wayPKN-2] GoDutch.com, "Three-way PKN Union Drastically Changes Dutch Denominational Landscape: Two Groups of Merger Opponents Stay Out", May 24, 2004. Accessed July 13, 2010.

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[churchorderp1-5] Church Order of the Protestant Church in the Netherlands Template:Webarchive. Article I, p. 1. Accessed July 13, 2010.

[6] Christian Post: Protestant Church in Netherlands to Grant Blessings to Gay Couples, 2007

[organisation-7] Organisation of the PKN Template:Webarchive. Accessed July 14, 2010.

[8] Protestantsekerk.nl: Ds. Trijnie Bouw: “Ik hoop dat de kerk een vindplaats blijft van vreugde en hoop”, June 2024

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@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 | image              = Protestant Church in the Netherlands.svg
 | caption            =
-| type               = [[United church]]
+| type               = [[United and uniting churches|United church]]
-| main_classification = [[Christianity|Christian]]
+| main_classification = [[Protestantism|Protestant]]
-| orientation        = [[Protestant]]
+| orientation        = [[Continental Reformed Protestantism|Continental Reformed]] with a small [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] minority
-| scripture          = [[Christian Bible]]
+| scripture          = [[Protestant Bible]]
-| theology           = [[Calvinism]]<br>[[Lutheranism]]
+| theology           = [[Reformed Christianity#Reformed|Reformed]]<br>[[Lutheranism#Doctrine|Lutheran]]
 | polity             = Mixture of [[Presbyterian polity|presbyterian]] and [[Congregationalist polity|congregationalist]]
 | founded_date       = 1 May 2004
@@ Line 33: / Line 33: @@
 The '''Protestant Church in the Netherlands''' ({{langx|nl|de Protestantse Kerk in Nederland}}, abbreviated '''PKN''') is the largest [[Protestantism|Protestant]] [[Christian denomination|denomination]] in the [[Netherlands]], consisting of historical [[Calvinism|Calvinist]] and [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] churches.
-It was founded on 1 May 2004 as the [[United and uniting churches|merger]] of the vast majority of the [[Dutch Reformed Church]], the vast majority of the [[Reformed Churches in the Netherlands]], and the [[Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Kingdom of the Netherlands]].<ref name=3wayPKN>GoDutch.com, [http://www.godutch.com/newspaper/index.php?id=571 "Three-way PKN Union Drastically Changes Dutch Denominational Landscape: Two Groups of Merger Opponents Stay Out"], May 24, 2004. Accessed July 13, 2010.</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.trouw.nl/home/strijd-met-de-onkerk-~addb2469/| title = strijd met de onkerk }}</ref> The merger was the culmination of an organizational process started in 1961. Several orthodox Reformed and liberal churches did not merge into the new church.
+It was founded on 1 May 2004 as the [[United and uniting churches|merger]] of the vast majority of the [[Dutch Reformed Church]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Protestant Church in the Netherlands |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Protestant-Church-in-the-Netherlands |access-date=29 August 2025}}</ref> the vast majority of the [[Reformed Churches in the Netherlands]], and the [[Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Kingdom of the Netherlands]].<ref name=3wayPKN>GoDutch.com, [http://www.godutch.com/newspaper/index.php?id=571 "Three-way PKN Union Drastically Changes Dutch Denominational Landscape: Two Groups of Merger Opponents Stay Out"], May 24, 2004. Accessed July 13, 2010.</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.trouw.nl/home/strijd-met-de-onkerk-~addb2469/| title = strijd met de onkerk }}</ref> The merger was the culmination of an organizational process started in 1961. Several orthodox Reformed and liberal churches did not merge into the new church.
 The Protestant Church in the Netherlands (PKN) forms the country's second largest [[Christian denomination]] after the [[Catholic Church in the Netherlands|Catholic Church]], with approximately 1.4 million members as per the church official statistics or some 7.9% of the population in 2023.<ref name="over ons" /> It is the traditional faith of the [[Monarchy of the Netherlands|Dutch Royal Family]] &ndash; a remnant of historical dominance of the [[Dutch Reformed Church]], the main predecessor of the Protestant Church.
@@ Line 52: / Line 52: @@
 # Lutheran congregations (congregations of the former Evangelical-Lutheran Church)
-Lutherans are a minority (about 1 percent) of the PKN's membership. To ensure that Lutherans are represented in the Church, the Lutheran congregations have their own synod. The Lutheran Synod also has representatives in the General Synod.<ref name=organisation/>
+Lutherans are a minority (about 1 percent) of the PKN's membership. To ensure that Lutherans are represented in the church, the Lutheran congregations have their own synod. The Lutheran Synod also has representatives in the General Synod.<ref name=organisation/> Since June 2024 [[Trijnie Bouw]] has been the president of the synod of Protestant Church in the Netherlands <ref>[https://protestantsekerk.nl/verdieping/ds-trijnie-bouw/ Protestantsekerk.nl: Ds. Trijnie Bouw: “Ik hoop dat de kerk een vindplaats blijft van vreugde en hoop”], June 2024</ref>
 ==Statistical details==
@@ Line 82: / Line 82: @@
 ==Secularization==
 Secularization, or the decline in religiosity, first became noticeable after 1960 in the Protestant rural areas of [[Friesland]] and [[Groningen (province)|Groningen]]. Then, it spread to [[Amsterdam]], [[Rotterdam]], and the other large cities in the west. Finally, the southern Catholic areas showed religious declines.
-Research in 2007 concluded that 42% of the members of the PKN were [[non-theist]]s.<ref>{{cite book|title=God in Nederland (1996-2006)|first1=Ronald |last1=Meester|first2= G.|last2= Dekker|isbn=9789025957407}}</ref> Furthermore, in the PKN and several other smaller denominations of the Netherlands, one in six clergy were either agnostic or atheist.<ref name=PKN-Hendrikse>{{cite news|last=Pigott|first=Robert|title=Dutch rethink Christianity for a doubtful world|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-14417362|access-date=2 October 2011|newspaper=BBC News|date=5 August 2011}}</ref><ref>{{YouTube|id=n6TuZ9F-PGo}}</ref> A Dutch minister of the PKN, [[Klaas Hendrikse]] once described God as "a word for experience, or human experience" and said that [[Christ myth theory|Jesus may have never existed]].<ref name="PKN-Hendrikse" /><ref>{{YouTube|id=9eypysiJQgw}}</ref>
+Research in 2007 concluded that 42% of the members of the PKN were [[non-theist]]s.<ref>{{cite book|title=God in Nederland (1996-2006)|first1=Ronald |last1=Meester|first2= G.|last2= Dekker|date=2007 |publisher=Ten Have |isbn=9789025957407}}</ref> Furthermore, in the PKN and several other smaller denominations of the Netherlands, one in six clergy were either agnostic or atheist.<ref name=PKN-Hendrikse>{{cite news|last=Pigott|first=Robert|title=Dutch rethink Christianity for a doubtful world|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-14417362|access-date=2 October 2011|newspaper=BBC News|date=5 August 2011}}</ref><ref>{{YouTube|id=n6TuZ9F-PGo}}</ref> A Dutch minister of the PKN, [[Klaas Hendrikse]] once described God as "a word for experience, for human experience" and said that [[Christ myth theory|Jesus may have never existed]].<ref name="PKN-Hendrikse" /><ref>{{YouTube|id=9eypysiJQgw}}</ref>
 A countervailing trend is produced by a religious revival in the Dutch [[Bible Belt (Netherlands)|Bible Belt]].<ref name="Knippenberg1998">{{cite journal|last1=Knippenberg|first1=Hans|journal=GeoJournal|volume=45|issue=3|year=1998|pages=209–220|issn=0343-2521|doi=10.1023/A:1006973011455|title=Secularization in the Netherlands in its historical and geographical dimensions
-|s2cid=142623867 }}</ref><ref>{{citation|first1=Tomáš|last1= Sobotka|first2= Feray|last2= Adigüzel|title=Religiosity and spatial demographic differences in the Netherlands|date=2002|hdl=11385/169984 }}</ref>
+|bibcode=1998GeoJo..45..209K |s2cid=142623867 }}</ref><ref>{{citation|first1=Tomáš|last1= Sobotka|first2= Feray|last2= Adigüzel|title=Religiosity and spatial demographic differences in the Netherlands|date=2002|hdl=11385/169984 }}</ref>
 ==Separations==
-[[File:Ontstaansgeschiedenis van kerken in Nederland.svg|thumb|right|History of the churches in the  Netherlands]]
+[[File:Ontstaansgeschiedenis van kerken in Nederland.svg|thumb|right|History of the churches in the Netherlands]]
 Only those congregations belonging to the former Reformed Churches in the Netherlands have the legal right to secede from the PKN without losing its property and church during a transition period of 10 years. Seven congregations have so far decided to form the [[Continued Reformed Churches in the Netherlands]].<ref name=3wayPKN/> Two congregations have joined one of the other smaller Calvinist churches in the Netherlands. Some minorities within congregations that joined the PKN decided to leave the church and associated themselves individually with one of the other Reformed churches.
@@ Line 95: / Line 95: @@
 '''Chart of splits and mergers of the Dutch Reformed churches'''
 {{chart top|width=100%|Splits and mergers of the Dutch Reformed churches}}
-{{chart/start|align=center}}
+{{tree chart/start|align=center}}
-{{chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | |DR| DR=[[Dutch Reformed Church|NHK]] ([[Synod of Emden|1571]])}}
+{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | DR  | DR=[[Dutch Reformed Church|NHK]] ([[Synod of Emden|1571]])}}
-{{chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| }}
+{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| }}
-{{chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |)|-|-|RE |RE=[[Remonstrants]] ([[Synod of Dort|1619]]) }}
+{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |)|-|-| RE |RE=[[Remonstrants]] ([[Synod of Dort|1619]]) }}
-{{chart| | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|(| | | |`|-|-|-|-|-|-|}}
+{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|(| | | |`|-|-|-|-|-|-|}}
-{{chart| | | | | | | | |SE| | | |!|SE= [[1834 Dutch Reformed Church split|Seceders]] (1834)}}
+{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | SE  | | | |!|SE= [[1834 Dutch Reformed Church split|Seceders]] (1834)}}
-{{chart| | | | | | | | | |!| | | | |!| }}
+{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | |!| | | | |!| }}
-{{chart| | | | | | | | |CG| | | |!|CG= [[Christian Reformed Churches|CGK]] (1869)}}
+{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | CG  | | | |!|CG= [[Christian Reformed Churches|CGK]] (1869)}}
-{{chart| | | | | | | | | |!| | | | |)|-|DO| DO= [[1886 Dutch Reformed Church split|NGK (Dolerende)]] (1886)}}
+{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | |!| | | | |)|-|DO| DO= [[1886 Dutch Reformed Church split|NGK (Dolerende)]] (1886)}}
-{{chart| | | | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|-|b|.| |!| }}
+{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|-|b|.| |!| }}
-{{chart| | | | | | | | | |!| | | | |!|GK| GK= [[Reformed Churches in the Netherlands|GKN]] (1892)}}
+{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | |!| | | | |!| GK  | GK= [[Reformed Churches in the Netherlands|GKN]] (1892)}}
-{{chart| | | | | | |GE|(| | | | |!| |!| | GE= [[Reformed Congregations|GerGem]] (1907)}}
+{{tree chart| | | | | | | GE  |(| | | | |!| |!| | GE= [[Reformed Congregations|GerGem]] (1907)}}
-{{chart| | | | | | | |!| |!| | | | |!| |)|-|-|GK| GK=[[Reformed Churches in the Netherlands (Liberated)|GKV]] (1944)}}
+{{tree chart| | | | | | | |!| |!| | | | |!| |)|-|-| GK  | GK=[[Reformed Churches in the Netherlands (Liberated)|GKV]] (1944)}}
-{{chart| | | | |RC|(| |!| | | | |!| |!| | | |!| RC= [[Reformed Congregations in the Netherlands|GGiN]] (1953)}}
+{{tree chart| | | | | RC  |(| |!| | | | |!| |!| | | |!| RC= [[Reformed Congregations in the Netherlands|GGiN]] (1953)}}
-{{chart| | | | | |!| |!| |!| | | | |!| |!| | | |)|NR| NR=[[Netherlands Reformed Churches|NRC]] (1967)}}
+{{tree chart| | | | | |!| |!| |!| | | | |!| |!| | | |)| NR  | NR=[[Netherlands Reformed Churches|NRC]] (1967)}}
-{{chart| | |RC|(| |!| |!| | | | |!| |!| | | |!|!| | RC= [[Reformed Congregations in the Netherlands (unconnected)|GGiN (unconnected)]] (1980)}}
+{{tree chart| | | RC  |(| |!| |!| | | | |!| |!| | | |!|!| | RC= [[Reformed Congregations in the Netherlands (unconnected)|GGiN (unconnected)]] (1980)}}
-{{chart| | | |!| |!| |!| |!| | | | |!| |!| | | |)|b|NV| NV= [[Reformed Churches in the Netherlands (Restored)|NVK]] (2003)}}
+{{tree chart| | | |!| |!| |!| |!| | | | |!| |!| | | |)|b| NV  | NV= [[Reformed Churches in the Netherlands (Restored)|NVK]] (2003)}}
-{{chart| | | |!| |!| |!| |!|HH|-|(| |)|VG|!|!| |!| HH=[[Restored Reformed Church|HHK]] (2004)| VG= [[Continued Reformed Churches in the Netherlands|VGKN]] (2004)}}
+{{tree chart| | | |!| |!| |!| |!| HH  |-|(| |)| VG  |!|!| |!| HH=[[Restored Reformed Church|HHK]] (2004)| VG= [[Continued Reformed Churches in the Netherlands|VGKN]] (2004)}}
-{{chart|EL|b|-|b|-|b|-|b|-|b|-|.|!|,|'| |!| |!|!| |!|  EL=[[Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Kingdom of the Netherlands|ELKKN]]}}
+{{tree chart| EL  |b|-|b|-|b|-|b|-|b|-|.|!|,|'| |!| |!|!| |!|  EL=[[Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Kingdom of the Netherlands|ELKKN]]}}
-{{chart| | | |!| |!| |!| |!| |!| |PK| | |!| |!|!| |!| PK=PKN (2004)}}
+{{tree chart| | | |!| |!| |!| |!| |!| | PK  | | |!| |!|!| |!| PK=PKN (2004)}}
-{{chart| | | |!| |!| |!| |!| |!| | |!| | | |!| |NG|!| NG=[[Dutch Reformed Churches|NGK]] (2023)}}
+{{tree chart| | | |!| |!| |!| |!| |!| | |!| | | |!| | NG  |!| NG=[[Dutch Reformed Churches|NGK]] (2023)}}
-{{chart/end}}
+{{tree chart| | | |!| |!| |!| |!| |!| | |!| | | |!| | |!| GK  | GK=[[Reformed Churches (Netherlands)|GK]] (2024)}}
+{{tree chart/end}}
 {{chart bottom}}

Protestant Church in the Netherlands: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 02:45, 18 November 2025

Contents

Doctrine and practice

Organization

Statistical details

Secularization

Separations

Involvement in the Middle East

See also

References

External links

Navigation menu

Protestant Church in the Netherlands: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 02:45, 18 November 2025

Doctrine and practice

Organization

Statistical details

Secularization

Separations

Involvement in the Middle East

See also

References

External links

Navigation menu

Search