Cyrus: Difference between revisions

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| imagesize=  
| imagesize=  
| caption=  
| caption=  
| pronunciation= {{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|aɪər|ə|s}}
| pronunciation= {{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|aɪ|r|ə|s}}
| gender = Male
| gender = Male
| meaning = "Sun", "One who bestows care"
| meaning = "Sun", "One who bestows care"
| origin = Persian
| origin = [[Persian language|Persian]]
| alternative spelling =
| alternative spelling =[[Kourosh]], [[Kurush (disambiguation)|Kurush]], [[Koresh (disambiguation)|Koresh]]  
| related names = [[Kourosh]], Kurush, [[Koresh (disambiguation)|Koresh]], [[Ciro (given name)|Ciro]]
| related names = [[Ciro (given name)|Ciro]]
| footnotes =   
| footnotes =   
| wikt =  
| wikt =  
}}
|derivation={{Langx|peo|𐎤𐎢𐎽𐎢𐏁|label=none}} ({{Transliteration|peo|Kūruš}})|region=[[History of Iran|Persia]]}}


'''Cyrus''' ([[Persian language|Persian]]: کوروش) is a male given name and the name of several [[Persian Kings|Persian kings]], particularly [[Cyrus the Great]] ({{circa|600}} – 530 BC), but also [[Cyrus I|Cyrus I of Anshan]] ({{circa| 650|lk=no}} BC), King of Persia and the grandfather of Cyrus the Great, and [[Cyrus the Younger]] (died 401 BC), brother to the Persian king [[Artaxerxes II|Artaxerxes II of Persia]].
'''Cyrus''' ({{Langx|fa|کوروش|rtl=yes}}) is a Persian-language masculine [[given name]]. It is historically best known as the name of several [[List of monarchs of Iran|Persian kings]], most notably including [[Cyrus the Great]], who founded the [[Achaemenid Empire]] in 550 BC. It remains widespread among [[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrians]], particularly in [[Zoroastrianism in India|India]], and is also relatively common in the [[Anglophone world]].


== Etymology ==
== Etymology ==
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Regarding the etymology of Old Persian ''kuruš'', linguists have proposed various etymologies based on Iranian languages as well as non-[[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] ones.<ref name=Tavernier>{{harv|Tavernier|2007|p=528}}</ref> According to Tavernier, the name ''kuraš'', attested in Elamite texts, is likely "the original form" as there is no Elamite or Babylonian spelling ''ku-ru-uš'' in the transcriptions of Old Persian ''ku-u-r(u)-u-š''. That is, according to Tavernier, ''kuraš'' is an Elamite name and means "to bestow care".<ref name=Tavernier/> Others, such as Schmitt, Hoffmann maintain that the Persian ''Kuruš'', which according to Skalmowsky, may be connected to (or borrowing from) the [[Proto-Indo-European language|IE]] ''Kúru-'' from [[Old Indic]] can give an etymology of the Elamite ''kuraš''.<ref name=cyrusthename/><ref name=Tavernier/> In this regard, the Old Persian ''kuruš'' is considered with the following etymologies: One proposal is discussed by the linguist [[Janos Harmatta]] that refers to the common Iranian root "kur-" (be born) of many words in Old, middle, and new [[Iranian languages]] (e.g. [[Kurdish language|Kurdish]]). Accordingly, the name Kūruš means "young, youth...".<ref name=harmatta>{{harv|Harmatta|1971|pp=5–6}}</ref> Other Iranian etymologies have been proposed. The Indian proposal of Skalmowsky goes down to "to do, accomplish". Another theory is the suggestion of [[Karl Hoffmann (German historian)|Karl Hoffmann]] that ''kuruš'' goes down to a ''-ru'' derivation from the IE root ''*(s)kau'' meaning "to humiliate"<ref name=Tavernier/>  and accordingly "kuruš" (hence "Cyrus") means "''humiliator'' (of the enemy in verbal contest)".<ref name=cyrusthename/>
Regarding the etymology of Old Persian ''kuruš'', linguists have proposed various etymologies based on Iranian languages as well as non-[[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] ones.<ref name=Tavernier>{{harv|Tavernier|2007|p=528}}</ref> According to Tavernier, the name ''kuraš'', attested in Elamite texts, is likely "the original form" as there is no Elamite or Babylonian spelling ''ku-ru-uš'' in the transcriptions of Old Persian ''ku-u-r(u)-u-š''. That is, according to Tavernier, ''kuraš'' is an Elamite name and means "to bestow care".<ref name=Tavernier/> Others, such as Schmitt, Hoffmann maintain that the Persian ''Kuruš'', which according to Skalmowsky, may be connected to (or borrowing from) the [[Proto-Indo-European language|IE]] ''Kúru-'' from [[Old Indic]] can give an etymology of the Elamite ''kuraš''.<ref name=cyrusthename/><ref name=Tavernier/> In this regard, the Old Persian ''kuruš'' is considered with the following etymologies: One proposal is discussed by the linguist [[Janos Harmatta]] that refers to the common Iranian root "kur-" (be born) of many words in Old, middle, and new [[Iranian languages]] (e.g. [[Kurdish language|Kurdish]]). Accordingly, the name Kūruš means "young, youth...".<ref name=harmatta>{{harv|Harmatta|1971|pp=5–6}}</ref> Other Iranian etymologies have been proposed. The Indian proposal of Skalmowsky goes down to "to do, accomplish". Another theory is the suggestion of [[Karl Hoffmann (German historian)|Karl Hoffmann]] that ''kuruš'' goes down to a ''-ru'' derivation from the IE root ''*(s)kau'' meaning "to humiliate"<ref name=Tavernier/>  and accordingly "kuruš" (hence "Cyrus") means "''humiliator'' (of the enemy in verbal contest)".<ref name=cyrusthename/>
People and fictional characters named Cyrus include:


==People==
==People==
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*[[Cyrus Poncha]] (born 1976), national squash coach in India
*[[Cyrus Poncha]] (born 1976), national squash coach in India
*[[Cyrus S. Poonawalla]] ({{floruit|1966–present}}), Indian businessman
*[[Cyrus S. Poonawalla]] ({{floruit|1966–present}}), Indian businessman
*[[Cyrus Redding]] (1785–1870), British journalist and wine writer
*[[Cyrus Rollocks]] (born 1998), Canadian soccer player
*[[Cyrus Rollocks]] (born 1998), Canadian soccer player
*[[Cyrus Sahukar]] (born 1980), MTV India VJ
*[[Cyrus Sahukar]] (born 1980), MTV India VJ
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* Cyrus, a gang leader in the 1979 film ''[[List of characters in The Warriors#Cyrus|The Warriors]]''
* Cyrus, a gang leader in the 1979 film ''[[List of characters in The Warriors#Cyrus|The Warriors]]''
* [[Cyrus (Pokémon)|Cyrus]], the leader of Team Galactic and the main antagonist of [[Pokémon Diamond and Pearl|''Pokémon Diamond'', ''Pearl'']], and [[Pokémon Platinum|''Platinum'']]
* [[Cyrus (Pokémon)|Cyrus]], the leader of Team Galactic and the main antagonist of [[Pokémon Diamond and Pearl|''Pokémon Diamond'', ''Pearl'']], and [[Pokémon Platinum|''Platinum'']]
* Cyrus Gold, the DC Comics character [[Solomon Grundy (comics)|Solomon Grundy]]
* Cyrus Gold, the DC Comics character [[Solomon Grundy (character)|Solomon Grundy]]
* [[Cyrus Smith]], the leading character in Jules Verne's novel ''[[Mysterious Island]]''
* [[Cyrus Smith]], the leading character in Jules Verne's novel ''[[Mysterious Island]]''
* Cyrus, a vampaneze from the novel ''[[The Vampire Prince]]'' by Darren Shan
* Cyrus, a vampaneze from the novel ''[[The Vampire Prince]]'' by Darren Shan
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==See also==
==See also==
* [[Cambyses II#Etymology]]
* [[Persian name]]
* [[Koresh (disambiguation)]]
* [[Syrus|Syrus (Greek mythology)]]
* [[Syrus]]


== Citations ==
== Citations ==

Latest revision as of 14:46, 13 October 2025

Template:Hatgrp Template:Infobox given name

Cyrus (Template:Langx) is a Persian-language masculine given name. It is historically best known as the name of several Persian kings, most notably including Cyrus the Great, who founded the Achaemenid Empire in 550 BC. It remains widespread among Zoroastrians, particularly in India, and is also relatively common in the Anglophone world.

Etymology

Cyrus, as a word in English, is the Latinized form of the Greek Κῦρος, Kȳros, from Old Persian Script error: No such module "Lang". Kūruš.[1] According to the inscriptions, the name is reflected in Elamite Kuraš, Babylonian Ku(r)-raš/-ra-áš and Imperial Aramaic kwrš. The modern Persian form of the name is Kūroš.

The etymology of Cyrus has been and continues to be a topic of discussion amongst historians, linguists, and scholars of Iranology. The Old Persian name "kuruš" has been interpreted in various forms such as "the Sun", "like Sun", "young", "hero," and "humiliator of the enemy in verbal contest" and the Elamite "kuraš" has been translated as one "who bestows care".

The name has appeared on many monuments and inscriptions in Old Persian.[2] There is also the record of a small inscription in Morghab (southwestern Iran) on which there is the sentence (adam kūruš xšāyaθiya haxāmanišiya) in Old Persian meaning (I am Cyrus the Achaemenian King).[3] After a questionable[4] proposal by the German linguist F. H. Weissbach that Darius the Great was the first to inscribe in Persian, it had previously been concluded by some scholars that the inscription in Morghab refers to Cyrus the Younger. This proposal resulted from a false interpretation of a passage in paragraph 70 of the Behistun inscription by Darius the Great.[5] Based on many arguments,[6] the accepted theory among modern scholars is that the inscription does belong to Cyrus the Great.[7]

There are interpretations of the name of Cyrus by classical authors identifying with or referring to the Persian word for "Sun". The Historian Plutarch (46–120) states that "the sun, which, in the Persian language, is called Cyrus".[8] Also, the Physician Ctesias who served in the court of the Persian king Artaxerxes II of Persia writes in his book Persica as summarized by Photios that the name Cyrus is from the Persian word "Khur" (the sun).[9] These are, however, not accepted by modern scholars.[1]

Regarding the etymology of Old Persian kuruš, linguists have proposed various etymologies based on Iranian languages as well as non-Indo-European ones.[10] According to Tavernier, the name kuraš, attested in Elamite texts, is likely "the original form" as there is no Elamite or Babylonian spelling ku-ru-uš in the transcriptions of Old Persian ku-u-r(u)-u-š. That is, according to Tavernier, kuraš is an Elamite name and means "to bestow care".[10] Others, such as Schmitt, Hoffmann maintain that the Persian Kuruš, which according to Skalmowsky, may be connected to (or borrowing from) the IE Kúru- from Old Indic can give an etymology of the Elamite kuraš.[1][10] In this regard, the Old Persian kuruš is considered with the following etymologies: One proposal is discussed by the linguist Janos Harmatta that refers to the common Iranian root "kur-" (be born) of many words in Old, middle, and new Iranian languages (e.g. Kurdish). Accordingly, the name Kūruš means "young, youth...".[11] Other Iranian etymologies have been proposed. The Indian proposal of Skalmowsky goes down to "to do, accomplish". Another theory is the suggestion of Karl Hoffmann that kuruš goes down to a -ru derivation from the IE root *(s)kau meaning "to humiliate"[10] and accordingly "kuruš" (hence "Cyrus") means "humiliator (of the enemy in verbal contest)".[1]

People

Given name

Ancient world

Modern era

In literature

Fictional characters

See also

Citations

Template:Reflist

General and cited references

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Template:Refend

Template:Given name

  1. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  8. ↑ Plutarch, Artoxerxes in (Parallel lives)
  9. ↑ Epitome of Ctesias' Persica 52 Template:Webarchive.
  10. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
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