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== History ==
== History ==
[[File:Breviarium Grimani - April.jpg|thumb|April, Brevarium Grimani, fol. 5v (Flemish)]]
[[File:Breviarium Grimani - April.jpg|thumb|April, Brevarium Grimani, fol. 5v (Flemish)]]
[[File:04 April - Percent of global area at temperature records - Global warming - NOAA.svg |thumb |In recent decades, the number of warm temperature records in April has outpaced cold temperature records over a growing portion of Earth's surface.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mean Monthly Temperature Records Across the Globe |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/global/202501/supplemental/page-3 |publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) }} Link is an example for one month; for other months, change the "202501" in the preceding URL to '''yyyymm''', where '''yyyy''' is the four-digit year and '''mm''' is the two-digit month (01=January through 12=December)</ref>]]


The Romans gave this month the [[Latin]] name ''[[Aprilis]]''<ref name=Chambers>"April" in ''[[Chambers's Encyclopædia]]''. London: [[George Newnes Ltd|George Newnes]], 1961, Vol.&nbsp;1, p.&nbsp;497.</ref> but the derivation of this name is uncertain. The traditional etymology is from the verb ''aperire'', "to open", in allusion to its being the season when trees and flowers begin to "open", which is supported by comparison with the modern Greek use of [[wikt:άνοιξη#Greek|άνοιξη]] (''ánixi'') (opening) for spring. Since some of the Roman months were named in honor of divinities, and as April was sacred to the goddess [[Venus (mythology)|Venus]], her [[Veneralia]] being held on the first day, it has been suggested that Aprilis was originally her month '''Aphrilis''', from her equivalent Greek goddess name [[Aphrodite]] (''Aphros''), or the [[Etruscan language|Etruscan]] name ''[[Aphrodite|Apru]]''. [[Jacob Grimm]] suggests the name of a hypothetical god or hero, ''Aper'' or ''Aprus''.<ref>Jacob Grimm ''Geschichte der deutschen Sprache''. Cap. "Monate"</ref>
The Romans gave this month the [[Latin]] name ''[[Aprilis]]''<ref name=Chambers>"April" in ''[[Chambers's Encyclopædia]]''. London: [[George Newnes Ltd|George Newnes]], 1961, Vol.&nbsp;1, p.&nbsp;497.</ref> but the derivation of this name is uncertain. The traditional etymology is from the verb ''aperire'', "to open", in allusion to its being the season when trees and flowers begin to "open", which is supported by comparison with the modern Greek use of [[wikt:άνοιξη#Greek|άνοιξη]] (''ánixi'') (opening) for spring. Since some of the Roman months were named in honor of divinities, and as April was sacred to the goddess [[Venus (mythology)|Venus]], her [[Veneralia]] being held on the first day, it has been suggested that Aprilis was originally her month '''Aphrilis''', from her equivalent Greek goddess name [[Aphrodite]] (''Aphros''), or the [[Etruscan language|Etruscan]] name ''[[Aphrodite|Apru]]''. [[Jacob Grimm]] suggests the name of a hypothetical god or hero, ''Aper'' or ''Aprus''.<ref>Jacob Grimm ''Geschichte der deutschen Sprache''. Cap. "Monate"</ref>
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* [[Head and Neck Cancer Alliance#Oral, Head and Neck Cancer Awareness Week|Oral, Head and Neck Cancer Awareness Week]] ([[United States]]): April 13–19<ref>[https://headandneck.org/oral-head-neck-cancer-awareness-week-early-registration-now-open/]{{dead link|date=October 2021}}</ref>
* [[Head and Neck Cancer Alliance#Oral, Head and Neck Cancer Awareness Week|Oral, Head and Neck Cancer Awareness Week]] ([[United States]]): April 13–19<ref>[https://headandneck.org/oral-head-neck-cancer-awareness-week-early-registration-now-open/]{{dead link|date=October 2021}}</ref>
* [[List of observances in the United States by presidential proclamation#Annual special weeks recognized by presidential proclamation|National Park Week]] ([[United States]]): April 18–26
* [[List of observances in the United States by presidential proclamation#Annual special weeks recognized by presidential proclamation|National Park Week]] ([[United States]]): April 18–26
* [[Crime Victims' Rights Week]] ([[United States]]): April 19–25<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ovc.ncjrs.gov/ncvrw/ |title=National Crime Victims' Rights Week |publisher=United States Department of Justice Office for Victims of Crime |access-date=November 30, 2021 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100214014130/http://ovc.ncjrs.gov:80/ncvrw/ |archive-date=February 14, 2010 }}</ref>
* [[Crime Victims' Rights Week]] ([[United States]]): April 19–25<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ovc.ncjrs.gov/ncvrw/ |title=National Crime Victims' Rights Week |publisher=United States Department of Justice Office for Victims of Crime |access-date=November 30, 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100214014130/http://ovc.ncjrs.gov/ncvrw/ |archive-date=February 14, 2010 }}</ref>
* [[National Volunteer Week]]: April 19–25
* [[National Volunteer Week]]: April 19–25
* [[European Immunization Week]]: April 20–26
* [[European Immunization Week]]: April 20–26

Latest revision as of 13:50, 5 November 2025

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April is the fourth month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars. Its length is 30 days.

April is commonly associated with the season of spring in the Northern Hemisphere, and autumn in the Southern Hemisphere, where it is the seasonal equivalent to October in the Northern Hemisphere and vice versa.

History

File:Breviarium Grimani - April.jpg
April, Brevarium Grimani, fol. 5v (Flemish)
File:04 April - Percent of global area at temperature records - Global warming - NOAA.svg
In recent decades, the number of warm temperature records in April has outpaced cold temperature records over a growing portion of Earth's surface.[1]

The Romans gave this month the Latin name Aprilis[2] but the derivation of this name is uncertain. The traditional etymology is from the verb aperire, "to open", in allusion to its being the season when trees and flowers begin to "open", which is supported by comparison with the modern Greek use of άνοιξη (ánixi) (opening) for spring. Since some of the Roman months were named in honor of divinities, and as April was sacred to the goddess Venus, her Veneralia being held on the first day, it has been suggested that Aprilis was originally her month Aphrilis, from her equivalent Greek goddess name Aphrodite (Aphros), or the Etruscan name Apru. Jacob Grimm suggests the name of a hypothetical god or hero, Aper or Aprus.[3]

April was the second month of the earliest Roman calendar,[4] before Ianuarius and Februarius were added by King Numa Pompilius about 700 BC. It became the fourth month of the calendar year (the year when twelve months are displayed in order) during the time of the decemvirs about 450 BC, when it was 29 days long. The 30th day was added back during the reform of the calendar undertaken by Julius Caesar in the mid-40s BC, which produced the Julian calendar.

The Anglo-Saxons called April ēastre-monaþ. The Venerable Bede says in The Reckoning of Time that this month ēastre is the root of the word Easter. He further states that the month was named after a goddess Eostre whose feast was in that month. It is also attested by Einhard in his work Vita Karoli Magni.

St George's day is the twenty-third of the month; and St Mark's Eve, with its superstition that the ghosts of those who are doomed to die within the year will be seen to pass into the church, falls on the twenty-fourth.[4]

In China the symbolic ploughing of the earth by the emperor and princes of the blood took place in their third month, which frequently corresponds to April.[4] In Finnish, April is huhtikuu, meaning slash-and-burn moon, when gymnosperms for beat and burn clearing of farmland were felled.

In Slovene, the most established traditional name is mali traven, the month when plants start growing. It was first written in 1466 in the Škofja Loka manuscript.[5]

The month April originally had 30 days; Numa Pompilius made it 29 days long; finally, Julius Caesar's calendar reform made it 30 days long again, which was not changed in the calendar revision of Augustus Caesar in 8 BC.

In Ancient Rome, the festival of Cerealia was held for seven days from mid-to-late April, but exact dates are still being determined. Feriae Latinae was also held in April, with the date varying. Other ancient Roman observances include Veneralia (April 1), Megalesia (April 10–16), Fordicidia (April 15), Parilia (April 21), Vinalia Urbana (April 23), Robigalia (April 25), and Serapia (April 25). Floralia was held April 27 during the Republican era, or April 28 on the Julian calendar, and lasted until May 3. However, these dates do not correspond to the modern Gregorian calendar.

The Lyrids meteor shower appears on April 16 – April 26 each year, with the peak generally occurring on April 22. The Eta Aquariids meteor shower also appears in April. It is visible from April 21 to May 20 each year, with peak activity on or around May 6. The Pi Puppids appear on April 23, but only in years around the parent comet's perihelion date. The Virginids also shower at various dates in April.

The "Days of April" (journées d'avril) is a name assigned in French history to a series of insurrections at Lyons, Paris and elsewhere, against the government of Louis Philippe in 1834, which led to violent repressive measures, and to a famous trial known as the procès d'avril.[4]

Symbols

Faceted diamond
Faceted diamond

April's birthstone is the diamond. The birth flower is the common daisy (Bellis perennis) or the sweet pea.[6][7] The zodiac signs are Aries (until April 19) and Taurus (April 20 onward).[8][9]

Daisy flower
Daisy flower
Sweet pea
Sweet pea

Observances

This list does not necessarily imply official status or general observance.

Month-long

File:Kobelwald Kirche Bild Chor.JPG
A fresco in a Catholic church in Switzerland representing the Resurrection of the Lord

United States

United States food months

  • Fresh Florida Tomato Month
  • National Food Month
  • National Grilled Cheese Month
  • National Pecan Month
  • National Soft Pretzel Month
  • National Soyfoods Month

Non-Gregorian

(All Baha'i, Islamic, and Jewish observances begin at the sundown prior to the date listed, and end at sundown of the date in question unless otherwise noted.)

Movable

Variable; 2021 dates shown

First Wednesday

First Saturday

First Sunday

First full week

Second Wednesday
Second Thursday
Second Friday

Second Sunday

Week of April 14

Third Wednesday

Third Thursday

Third Saturday

Last full week of April

Week of April 23

Week of the new moon

Third Monday

Wednesday of last full week of April

First Thursday after April 18

Fourth Thursday
Last Friday

Last Friday in April to first Sunday in May

Last Saturday
Last Sunday
April 27 (April 26 if April 27 is a Sunday)
Last Monday
Last Wednesday

Fixed

File:Celebrazione del 2777 Natale di Roma - Pietas Comunità Gentile 2.jpg
Celebration of the 2777th Natale di Roma at the Circus Maximus

See also

References

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External links

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Link is an example for one month; for other months, change the "202501" in the preceding URL to yyyymm, where yyyy is the four-digit year and mm is the two-digit month (01=January through 12=December)
  2. ↑ "April" in Chambers's Encyclopædia. London: George Newnes, 1961, Vol. 1, p. 497.
  3. ↑ Jacob Grimm Geschichte der deutschen Sprache. Cap. "Monate"
  4. ↑ a b c d File:Wikisource-logo.svg One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Script error: No such module "template wrapper".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Kipfer, Barbara Ann (1997) The Order of Things. New York: Random House
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ The Earth passed the junction of the signs at 14:45 UT/GMT on April 19, 2020, and will pass it again at 20:33 UT/GMT on April 19, 2021.
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Signs in UT/GMT for 1950–2030.
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  18. ↑ [1]Template:Dead link
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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