Piaractus mesopotamicus: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Species of fish}} | {{Short description|Species of fish}} | ||
{{Speciesbox | {{Speciesbox | ||
| image = | | image = Piaractus mesopotamicus - Flickr - Dick Culbert.jpg | ||
| status = NT | | status = NT | ||
| status_system = IUCN3.1 | | status_system = IUCN3.1 | ||
| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn | author = Brejão, G.L. | title = ''Piaractus mesopotamicus'' | page = e.T186593A1815452 | year = 2023 | access-date = 16 December 2023}}</ref> | | status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn | author = Brejão, G.L. | title = ''Piaractus mesopotamicus'' | page = e.T186593A1815452 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T186593A1815452.en | year = 2023 | access-date = 16 December 2023}}</ref> | ||
| taxon = Piaractus mesopotamicus | | taxon = Piaractus mesopotamicus | ||
| authority = ([[Eduardo Ladislao Holmberg|Holmberg]], 1887)<ref>{{ITIS |id=641578 |taxon=Piaractus mesopotamicus |accessdate=24 January 2006}}</ref> | | authority = ([[Eduardo Ladislao Holmberg|Holmberg]], 1887)<ref>{{ITIS |id=641578 |taxon=Piaractus mesopotamicus |accessdate=24 January 2006}}</ref> | ||
| synonyms = | | synonyms = {{Specieslist | ||
| Myletes (Myleus) mesopotamicus | Holmberg, 1887 | |||
| Myletes mitrei | [[Carlos Berg|C. Berg]], 1895 | |||
| Colosoma canterai | [[Garibaldi José Devincenzi|Devincenzi]], 1942 | |||
}} | }} | ||
| synonyms_ref = <ref name = "Cof genus">{{Cof genus|genus=Piaractus|access-date=26 June 2025}}</ref> | |||
}} | |||
'''''Piaractus mesopotamicus''''', '''pirapitinga''', the '''small-scaled pacu''', '''Paraná River pacu''' or simply '''pacu''' (a name shared with [[Pacu|other species]]), is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Serrasalmidae]], which includes the piranhas, pacus and related fishes. These fishes are endemic to the drainage basin of the Paraguay River in South America. | |||
==Taxonomy== | |||
''Piaractus mesopotamicus'' was first formally [[Species description|described]] as ''Myletes (Myleus) mesopotamicus'' in 1887 by the Argeintine [[naturalist]] and [[novelist]] [[Eduardo Ladislao Holmberg]] with its [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]] given as the [[Uruguay River|Río Uruguay]] and [[Río Baradero]], tributaries of the [[Paraná River|Rio Paraná]] in Uruguay.<ref name = "Cof genus"/> This species is classified in the genus ''[[Piaractus]]'' which belongs to the [[subfamily]] [[Colossomatinae]] within the family Serrasalmidae,<ref name = "Cof family">{{Cof family|family=Colossomatinae|access-date=26 June 2025}}</ref> which is classified in the [[suborder]] Characoidei of the [[Order (biology)|order]] [[Characiformes]].<ref name = ECoF>{{cite web |author1=Richard van der Laan |author1-link=Richard van der Laan |author2=William N. Eschmeyer |author2-link=William N. Eschmeyer |author3=Ronald Fricke |author3-link=Ronald Fricke |title=Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes Classification |url=https://www.calacademy.org/scientists/catalog-of-fishes-classification |work=[[Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes]] |publisher=[[California Academy of Sciences]] |access-date=22 June 2025}}</ref> | |||
==Etymology== | |||
''Piaractus mesopotamicus'' is a member of the genus ''Piaractus'', this name combies the Greek ''pī́ar'', meaning "fat", with ''aktís'', which means "ray", an allusion to the [[adipose fin]] having fin rays. The [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]] ''mesopotamicus'' means "between rivers", this probably alludes to Argernina's to Región Mesopotámica (or La Mesopotamia), a northeastern region situated between the rivers Paraná and Uruguay, where this fish is found.<ref name = ETYFish>{{cite web |url=https://etyfish.org/serrasalmidae/ |title=Family SERRASALMIDAE Bleeker 1859 (Pacus and Piranhas) |author=Christopher Scharpf |date=11 June 2025 |access-date=26 June 2025 |work=The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database |publisher=Christopher Scharpf}}</ref> | |||
==Description== | |||
''Piaractus mesopotamicus'' is a robust fish, with ovoid shape, flattened laterally. Its colour is dark grey to silver, with a white belly and a yellow breast.<ref name=fishbase/> It reaches up to {{convert|62|cm|ft|abbr=on}} in length<ref name=Agostinho/> and {{convert|20|kg|lb|abbr=on}} in weight.<ref name=fishbase/> The other member of its genus, ''[[Piaractus brachypomus|P. brachypomus]]'', can be distinguished by its larger [[Fish scale|scale]]-size<ref>OPEFE (27 December 2011). [https://www.opefe.com/piaractus.html genus Piaractus.] Retrieved 2 March 2017.</ref> and the lower number of lateral scales (less than 110).<ref name=Nico2013>Nico, L.; P. Fuller; and M. Neilson (22 October 2013). [https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/factsheet.aspx?SpeciesID=427 Piaractus brachypomus.] USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. Retrieved 2 March 2017.</ref> | ''Piaractus mesopotamicus'' is a robust fish, with ovoid shape, flattened laterally. Its colour is dark grey to silver, with a white belly and a yellow breast.<ref name=fishbase/> It reaches up to {{convert|62|cm|ft|abbr=on}} in length<ref name=Agostinho/> and {{convert|20|kg|lb|abbr=on}} in weight.<ref name=fishbase/> The other member of its genus, ''[[Piaractus brachypomus|P. brachypomus]]'', can be distinguished by its larger [[Fish scale|scale]]-size<ref>OPEFE (27 December 2011). [https://www.opefe.com/piaractus.html genus Piaractus.] Retrieved 2 March 2017.</ref> and the lower number of lateral scales (less than 110).<ref name=Nico2013>Nico, L.; P. Fuller; and M. Neilson (22 October 2013). [https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/factsheet.aspx?SpeciesID=427 Piaractus brachypomus.] USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. Retrieved 2 March 2017.</ref> | ||
==Distribution== | |||
''Piaractus mesopotamicus'' is endemic to the [[Paraguay River|Paraguay]]-[[Paraná River]] basin,<ref name=fishbase>{{FishBase|genus=Piaractus|species=mesopotamicus|year=2017|month=March}}</ref><ref name=Nico2012>Nico, L.; and B. Loftus (7 October 2012). [https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?SpeciesID=428 Piaractus mesopotamicus.] USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. Retrieved 13 March 2017.</ref> but it has been [[Introduced species|introduced]] by [[aquaculture]] activities in a wider area.<ref name=Agostinho>A. A. Agostinho, L. C. Gomes, H. I. Suzuki, H. Ferreira Júlio Jr: ''Migratory fishes of the Upper Paraná River basin, Brazil.'' Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (Nupelia). Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.</ref> | |||
==Biology== | |||
''Piaractus mesopotamicus'' is an [[omnivore]].<ref name=Agostinho/> Young individuals usually feed on micro-[[crustacean]]s, while adults feed on plant material and insects.<ref name=Agostinho/> Main food items for adults are nuts and seeds that fall from trees in [[flooded forest]]s.<ref name=fishbase/> It tolerates water temperatures between {{convert|15|and(-)|35|C|F|abbr=on}}, but stops feeding when it falls below {{convert|18|C|F|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Agostinho/> | ''Piaractus mesopotamicus'' is an [[omnivore]].<ref name=Agostinho/> Young individuals usually feed on micro-[[crustacean]]s, while adults feed on plant material and insects.<ref name=Agostinho/> Main food items for adults are nuts and seeds that fall from trees in [[flooded forest]]s.<ref name=fishbase/> It tolerates water temperatures between {{convert|15|and(-)|35|C|F|abbr=on}}, but stops feeding when it falls below {{convert|18|C|F|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Agostinho/> | ||
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q345262}} | {{Taxonbar|from=Q345262}} | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Piaractus|mesopotamicus]] | ||
[[Category:Fish of South America]] | [[Category:Fish of South America]] | ||
[[Category:Paraná River]] | [[Category:Paraná River]] | ||
Latest revision as of 16:01, 27 June 2025
Template:Short description Template:Speciesbox
Piaractus mesopotamicus, pirapitinga, the small-scaled pacu, Paraná River pacu or simply pacu (a name shared with other species), is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Serrasalmidae, which includes the piranhas, pacus and related fishes. These fishes are endemic to the drainage basin of the Paraguay River in South America.
Taxonomy
Piaractus mesopotamicus was first formally described as Myletes (Myleus) mesopotamicus in 1887 by the Argeintine naturalist and novelist Eduardo Ladislao Holmberg with its type locality given as the Río Uruguay and Río Baradero, tributaries of the Rio Paraná in Uruguay.[1] This species is classified in the genus Piaractus which belongs to the subfamily Colossomatinae within the family Serrasalmidae,[2] which is classified in the suborder Characoidei of the order Characiformes.[3]
Etymology
Piaractus mesopotamicus is a member of the genus Piaractus, this name combies the Greek pī́ar, meaning "fat", with aktís, which means "ray", an allusion to the adipose fin having fin rays. The specific name mesopotamicus means "between rivers", this probably alludes to Argernina's to Región Mesopotámica (or La Mesopotamia), a northeastern region situated between the rivers Paraná and Uruguay, where this fish is found.[4]
Description
Piaractus mesopotamicus is a robust fish, with ovoid shape, flattened laterally. Its colour is dark grey to silver, with a white belly and a yellow breast.[5] It reaches up to Template:Convert in length[6] and Template:Convert in weight.[5] The other member of its genus, P. brachypomus, can be distinguished by its larger scale-size[7] and the lower number of lateral scales (less than 110).[8]
Distribution
Piaractus mesopotamicus is endemic to the Paraguay-Paraná River basin,[5][9] but it has been introduced by aquaculture activities in a wider area.[6]
Biology
Piaractus mesopotamicus is an omnivore.[6] Young individuals usually feed on micro-crustaceans, while adults feed on plant material and insects.[6] Main food items for adults are nuts and seeds that fall from trees in flooded forests.[5] It tolerates water temperatures between Template:Convert, but stops feeding when it falls below Template:Convert.[6]
References
- El Pato Web: Especies del Paraná (in Spanish)
Template:Asbox
Template:Characiformes-stub
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "Cite taxon".
- ↑ a b c d e A. A. Agostinho, L. C. Gomes, H. I. Suzuki, H. Ferreira Júlio Jr: Migratory fishes of the Upper Paraná River basin, Brazil. Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (Nupelia). Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
- ↑ OPEFE (27 December 2011). genus Piaractus. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
- ↑ Nico, L.; P. Fuller; and M. Neilson (22 October 2013). Piaractus brachypomus. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
- ↑ Nico, L.; and B. Loftus (7 October 2012). Piaractus mesopotamicus. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. Retrieved 13 March 2017.