Isotopes of ytterbium

Template:Short description Template:Infobox ytterbium isotopes Naturally occurring ytterbium (₇₀Yb) is composed of seven stable isotopes: ¹⁶⁸Yb, ¹⁷⁰Yb–¹⁷⁴Yb, and ¹⁷⁶Yb, with ¹⁷⁴Yb being the most abundant (31.83% natural abundance). 30 radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable being ¹⁶⁹Yb with a half-life of 32.014 days, ¹⁷⁵Yb with a half-life of 4.185 days, and ¹⁶⁶Yb with a half-life of 56.7 hours. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 2 hours, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 20 minutes. This element also has 18 meta states, with the most stable being ^169mYb (t_1/2 46 seconds).

The isotopes of ytterbium range from ¹⁴⁹Yb to ¹⁸⁷Yb. The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, ¹⁷⁴Yb is electron capture, and the primary mode after is beta emission. The primary decay products before ¹⁷⁴Yb are isotopes of thulium, and the primary products after are isotopes of lutetium. Of interest to modern quantum optics, the different ytterbium isotopes follow either Bose–Einstein statistics or Fermi–Dirac statistics, leading to interesting behavior in optical lattices.

List of isotopes

Template:Isotopes table |-id=Ytterbium-149 |rowspan=2| ¹⁴⁹Yb |rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 70 |rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79 |rowspan=2| 148.96422(32)# |rowspan=2| 0.7(2) s | β⁺, p | ¹⁴⁸Er |rowspan=2| (1/2+) |rowspan=2| |rowspan=2| |- | β⁺ (rare) | ¹⁴⁹Tm |-id=Ytterbium-150 | ¹⁵⁰Yb | style="text-align:right" | 70 | style="text-align:right" | 80 | 149.95831(32)# | 700# ms [>200 ns] | β⁺? | ¹⁵⁰Tm | 0+ | | |-id=Ytterbium-151 | rowspan=2|¹⁵¹Yb | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 70 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81 | rowspan=2|150.95540(32) | rowspan=2|1.6(5) s | β⁺ | ¹⁵¹Tm | rowspan=2|(1/2+) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁺, p (rare) | ¹⁵⁰Er |-id=Ytterbium-151m1 | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | ^151m1Yb | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 740(100)# keV | rowspan=2|1.6(5) s | β⁺ | ¹⁵¹Tm | rowspan=2|(11/2−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁺, p (rare) | ¹⁵⁰Er |-id=Ytterbium-151m2 | style="text-indent:1em" | ^151m2Yb | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2630(141)# keV | 2.6(7) μs |IT |¹⁵¹Yb | 19/2−# | | |-id=Ytterbium-151m3 | style="text-indent:1em" | ^151m3Yb | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3287(141)# keV | 20(1) μs |IT |¹⁵¹Yb | 27/2−# | | |-id=Ytterbium-152 |¹⁵²Yb |style="text-align:right" | 70 |style="text-align:right" | 82 |151.95033(16) |3.03(6) s | β⁺ | ¹⁵²Tm |0+ | | |-id=Ytterbium-152m | style="text-indent:1em" | ^152mYb | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2744.5(10) keV | 30(1) μs |IT |¹⁵²Yb | (10+) | | |-id=Ytterbium-153 | rowspan=2|¹⁵³Yb | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 70 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 83 | rowspan=2|152.94937(22)# | rowspan=2|4.2(2) s | β⁺ | ¹⁵³Tm | rowspan=2|7/2− | rowspan=2| |- | β⁺, p (0.008%) | ¹⁵²Er |-id=Ytterbium-153m | style="text-indent:1em" | ^153mYb | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2630(50)# keV | 15(1) μs |IT |¹⁵³Yb | 27/2− | | |-id=Ytterbium-154 | rowspan=2|¹⁵⁴Yb | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 70 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 84 | rowspan=2|153.946396(19) | rowspan=2|0.409(2) s | α (92.6%) | ¹⁵⁰Er | rowspan=2|0+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁺ (7.4%) | ¹⁵⁴Tm |-id=Ytterbium-155 | rowspan=2|¹⁵⁵Yb | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 70 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 85 | rowspan=2|154.945783(18) | rowspan=2|1.793(20) s | α (89%) | ¹⁵¹Er | rowspan=2|(7/2−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁺ (11%) | ¹⁵⁵Tm |-id=Ytterbium-156 | rowspan=2|¹⁵⁶Yb | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 70 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 86 | rowspan=2|155.942817(10) | rowspan=2|26.1(7) s | β⁺ (90%) | ¹⁵⁶Tm | rowspan=2|0+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (10%) | ¹⁵²Er |-id=Ytterbium-157 | rowspan=2|¹⁵⁷Yb | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 70 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 87 | rowspan=2|156.942651(12) | rowspan=2|38.6(10) s | β⁺ | ¹⁵⁷Tm | rowspan=2|7/2− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (rare) | ¹⁵³Er |-id=Ytterbium-158 | rowspan=2|¹⁵⁸Yb | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 70 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 88 | rowspan=2|157.939871(9) | rowspan=2|1.49(13) min | β⁺ (99.99%) | ¹⁵⁸Tm | rowspan=2|0+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | α (.0021%) | ¹⁵⁴Er |-id=Ytterbium-159 | ¹⁵⁹Yb | style="text-align:right" | 70 | style="text-align:right" | 89 | 158.940060(19) | 1.67(9) min | β⁺ | ¹⁵⁹Tm | 5/2− | | |-id=Ytterbium-160 | ¹⁶⁰Yb | style="text-align:right" | 70 | style="text-align:right" | 90 | 159.937559(6) | 4.8(2) min | β⁺ | ¹⁶⁰Tm | 0+ | | |-id=Ytterbium-161 | ¹⁶¹Yb | style="text-align:right" | 70 | style="text-align:right" | 91 | 160.937912(16) | 4.2(2) min | β⁺ | ¹⁶¹Tm | 3/2− | | |-id=Ytterbium-162 | ¹⁶²Yb | style="text-align:right" | 70 | style="text-align:right" | 92 | 161.935779(16) | 18.87(19) min | β⁺ | ¹⁶²Tm | 0+ | | |-id=Ytterbium-163 | ¹⁶³Yb | style="text-align:right" | 70 | style="text-align:right" | 93 | 162.936345(16) | 11.05(35) min | β⁺ | ¹⁶³Tm | 3/2− | | |-id=Ytterbium-164 | ¹⁶⁴Yb | style="text-align:right" | 70 | style="text-align:right" | 94 | 163.934501(16) | 75.8(17) min | EC | ¹⁶⁴Tm | 0+ | | |-id=Ytterbium-165 | ¹⁶⁵Yb | style="text-align:right" | 70 | style="text-align:right" | 95 | 164.935270(28) | 9.9(3) min | β⁺ | ¹⁶⁵Tm | 5/2− | | |-id=Ytterbium-165m | style="text-indent:1em" | ^165mYb | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 126.80(9) keV | 300(30) ns |IT |¹⁶⁵Yb |9/2+ | | |-id=Ytterbium-166 | ¹⁶⁶Yb | style="text-align:right" | 70 | style="text-align:right" | 96 | 165.933876(8) | 56.7(1) h | EC | ¹⁶⁶Tm | 0+ | | |-id=Ytterbium-167 | ¹⁶⁷Yb | style="text-align:right" | 70 | style="text-align:right" | 97 | 166.934954(4) | 17.5(2) min | β⁺ | ¹⁶⁷Tm | 5/2− | | |-id=Ytterbium-167m | style="text-indent:1em" | ^167mYb | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 571.548(22) keV | ~180 ns |IT |¹⁶⁷Yb | 11/2− | | |-id=Ytterbium-168 | ¹⁶⁸Yb | style="text-align:right" | 70 | style="text-align:right" | 98 | 167.9338913(1) | colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable | 0+ | 0.00123(3) | |-id=Ytterbium-169 | ¹⁶⁹Yb | style="text-align:right" | 70 | style="text-align:right" | 99 | 168.93518421(19) | 32.014(5) d | EC | ¹⁶⁹Tm | 7/2+ | | |-id=Ytterbium-169m | style="text-indent:1em" | ^169mYb | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 24.1999(16) keV | 46(2) s | IT | ¹⁶⁹Yb | 1/2− | | |-id=Ytterbium-170 | ¹⁷⁰Yb | style="text-align:right" | 70 | style="text-align:right" | 100 | 169.934767243(11) | colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable | 0+ | 0.02982(39) | |-id=Ytterbium-170m | style="text-indent:1em" | ^170mYb | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1258.46(14) keV | 370(15) ns |IT |¹⁷⁰Yb | 4− | | |-id=Ytterbium-171 | ¹⁷¹Yb | style="text-align:right" | 70 | style="text-align:right" | 101 | 170.936331515(14) | colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable | 1/2− | 0.14086(140) | |-id=Ytterbium-171m1 | style="text-indent:1em" | ^171m1Yb | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 95.282(2) keV | 5.25(24) ms | IT | ¹⁷¹Yb | 7/2+ | | |-id=Ytterbium-171m2 | style="text-indent:1em" | ^171m2Yb | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 122.416(2) keV | 265(20) ns |IT |¹⁷¹Yb | 5/2− | | |-id=Ytterbium-172 | ¹⁷²Yb | style="text-align:right" | 70 | style="text-align:right" | 102 | 171.936386654(15) | colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable | 0+ | 0.21686(130) | |-id=Ytterbium-172m | style="text-indent:1em" | ^172mYb | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1550.43(6) keV | 3.6(1) μs |IT |¹⁷²Yb | 6− | | |-id=Ytterbium-173 | ¹⁷³Yb | style="text-align:right" | 70 | style="text-align:right" | 103 | 172.938216212(12) | colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable | 5/2− | 0.16103(63) | |-id=Ytterbium-173m | style="text-indent:1em" | ^173mYb | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 398.9(5) keV | 2.9(1) μs |IT |¹⁷³Yb | 1/2− | | |-id=Ytterbium-174 | ¹⁷⁴Yb | style="text-align:right" | 70 | style="text-align:right" | 104 | 173.938867546(12) | colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable | 0+ | 0.32025(80) | |-id=Ytterbium-174m1 | style="text-indent:1em" | ^174m1Yb | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1518.148(13) keV | 830(40) μs | IT | ¹⁷⁴Yb | 6+ | | |-id=Ytterbium-174m2 | style="text-indent:1em" | ^174m2Yb | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1765.2(5) keV | 256(11) ns | IT | ¹⁷⁴Yb | 7− | | |-id=Ytterbium-175 | ¹⁷⁵Yb | style="text-align:right" | 70 | style="text-align:right" | 105 | 174.94128191(8) | 4.185(1) d | β⁻ | ¹⁷⁵Lu | 7/2− | | |-id=Ytterbium-175m | style="text-indent:1em" | ^175mYb | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 514.866(4) keV | 68.2(3) ms |IT |¹⁷⁵Yb | 1/2− | | |-id=Ytterbium-176 | ¹⁷⁶Yb | style="text-align:right" | 70 | style="text-align:right" | 106 | 175.942574706(16) | colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable | 0+ | 0.12995(83) | |-id=Ytterbium-176m |rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | ^176mYb |rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1049.8(6) keV |rowspan=2|11.4(3) s |IT |¹⁷⁶Yb |rowspan=2| 8− |rowspan=2| |rowspan=2| |- |β⁻ (<10#%) |¹⁷⁶Lu |-id=Ytterbium-177 | ¹⁷⁷Yb | style="text-align:right" | 70 | style="text-align:right" | 107 | 176.94526385(24) | 1.911(3) h | β⁻ | ¹⁷⁷Lu | 9/2+ | | |-id=Ytterbium-177m | style="text-indent:1em" | ^177mYb | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 331.5(3) keV | 6.41(2) s | IT | ¹⁷⁷Yb | 1/2− | | |-id=Ytterbium-178 | ¹⁷⁸Yb | style="text-align:right" | 70 | style="text-align:right" | 108 | 177.946669(7) | 74(3) min | β⁻ | ¹⁷⁸Lu | 0+ | | |-id=Ytterbium-179 | ¹⁷⁹Yb | style="text-align:right" | 70 | style="text-align:right" | 109 | 178.94993(22)# | 8.0(4) min | β⁻ | ¹⁷⁹Lu | (1/2−) | | |-id=Ytterbium-180 | ¹⁸⁰Yb | style="text-align:right" | 70 | style="text-align:right" | 110 | 179.95199(32)# | 2.4(5) min | β⁻ | ¹⁸⁰Lu | 0+ | | |-id=Ytterbium-181 | ¹⁸¹Yb | style="text-align:right" | 70 | style="text-align:right" | 111 | 180.95589(32)# | 1# min [>300 ns] | β⁻? | ¹⁸¹Lu | 3/2−# | | |-id=Ytterbium-182 | ¹⁸²Yb | style="text-align:right" | 70 | style="text-align:right" | 112 | 181.95824(43)# | 30# s [>300 ns] | β⁻? | ¹⁸²Lu | 0+ | | |-id=Ytterbium-183 | ¹⁸³Yb | style="text-align:right" | 70 | style="text-align:right" | 113 | 182.96243(43)# | 30# s [>300 ns] | β⁻? | ¹⁸³Lu | 3/2−# | | |-id=Ytterbium-184 | ¹⁸⁴Yb | style="text-align:right" | 70 | style="text-align:right" | 114 | 183.96500(54)# | 7# s [>300 ns] | β⁻? | ¹⁸⁴Lu | 0+ | | |-id=Ytterbium-185 | ¹⁸⁵Yb | style="text-align:right" | 70 | style="text-align:right" | 115 | 184.96943(54)# | 5# s [>300 ns] | β⁻? | ¹⁸⁵Lu | 9/2−# | | |-id=Ytterbium-186 | ¹⁸⁶Yb | style="text-align:right" | 70 | style="text-align:right" | 116 | | | | | 0+ | | |-id=Ytterbium-187 | ¹⁸⁷Yb | style="text-align:right" | 70 | style="text-align:right" | 117 | | | | | | | Template:Isotopes table/footer

See also

Daughter products other than ytterbium

• Isotopes of lutetium
• Isotopes of thulium
• Isotopes of erbium

References

• Isotope masses from:
  • Template:NUBASE 2003
• Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
  • Template:CIAAW2003
  • Template:CIAAW 2005
• Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
  • Template:NUBASE 2003
  • Template:NNDC
  • Template:CRC85