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{{short description|American politician (born 1960)}}
{{short description|American politician (born 1960)}}
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'''Scott M. Stringer''' (born April 29, 1960) is an American politician who served as the 44th [[New York City Comptroller]]. A [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]], Stringer also previously served as a [[New York State Assembly]]man, and as the 26th [[borough president]] of [[Manhattan]].<ref name="mbpo">{{cite web |url= http://www.mbpo.org/free_details.asp?id=46 |title= Borough President Scott M. Stringer |publisher= Office of Manhattan Borough President |access-date= 2011-03-01 |archive-date= March 9, 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100309105343/http://www.mbpo.org/free_details.asp?id=46 |url-status= dead }}</ref><ref name="votesmart">{{cite web |url= http://www.votesmart.org/bio.php?can_id=4397 |title= Scott M. Stringer (NY) |publisher= Project Vote Smart |access-date= 2011-03-01}}</ref>
'''Scott M. Stringer''' (born April 29, 1960) is an American politician who served as the 44th [[New York City Comptroller]]. A [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]], Stringer also previously served as a [[New York State Assembly]]man, and as the 26th [[borough president]] of [[Manhattan]].<ref name="mbpo">{{cite web |url= http://www.mbpo.org/free_details.asp?id=46 |title= Borough President Scott M. Stringer |publisher= Office of Manhattan Borough President |access-date= March 1, 2011 |archive-date= March 9, 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100309105343/http://www.mbpo.org/free_details.asp?id=46 |url-status= dead }}</ref><ref name="votesmart">{{cite web |url= http://www.votesmart.org/bio.php?can_id=4397 |title= Scott M. Stringer (NY) |publisher= Project Vote Smart |access-date= March 1, 2011}}</ref>


In 1983, Stringer became a legislative assistant to New York State Assemblyman and future United States Congressman [[Jerry Nadler]]. In 1992, he successfully ran for a seat in the [[New York State Assembly]] vacated by Nadler, covering the [[Upper West Side]]. Stringer served as New York State Assemblyman for 13 years and six terms, from 1992 until 2005, when he was elected the 26th borough president of Manhattan. He won the [[2013 New York City Comptroller election|2013 election]] to become New York City's 44th comptroller, and began serving on January 1, 2014.
In 1983, Stringer became a legislative assistant to New York State Assemblyman and future United States Congressman [[Jerry Nadler]]. In 1992, he successfully ran for a seat in the [[New York State Assembly]] vacated by Nadler, covering the [[Upper West Side]]. Stringer served as New York State Assemblyman for 13 years and six terms, from 1992 until 2005, when he was elected the 26th borough president of Manhattan. He won the [[2013 New York City Comptroller election|2013 election]] to become New York City's 44th comptroller, and began serving on January 1, 2014.


Stringer was an unsuccessful candidate in the [[2021 New York City Democratic mayoral primary]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-08|title=Comptroller Scott Stringer announces 2021 run for NYC mayor|url=https://apnews.com/article/new-york-city-scott-stringer-new-york-elections-manhattan-6190bb4aca98ab2101da615f04f2477a|access-date=2020-11-22|website=AP NEWS}}</ref> and is now running again in the [[2025 New York City mayoral election|June 2025]] Democratic primary for mayor.<ref name=":0" />
Stringer was an unsuccessful candidate in the [[2021 New York City Democratic mayoral primary|2021]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=September 8, 2020|title=Comptroller Scott Stringer announces 2021 run for NYC mayor|url=https://apnews.com/article/new-york-city-scott-stringer-new-york-elections-manhattan-6190bb4aca98ab2101da615f04f2477a|access-date=November 22, 2020|website=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> and in the [[2025 New York City mayoral election|2025]] Democratic primaries for mayor of New York City.<ref name="Hogan" />


==Early life and education==
==Early life and education==
Stringer is Jewish, and was born and raised in [[Washington Heights, Manhattan|Washington Heights]] in [[Upper Manhattan]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://forward.com/news/361314/new-york-city-comptroller-links-jewish-muslim-fates/ |title=New York City Comptroller Links Jewish, Muslim Fates |first=Andrea |last=Cantor |newspaper=The Forward |date=January 26, 2017 |access-date=January 28, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.naaonline.org/the_honorable_scott_stringer |title=The Honorable Scott Stringer |publisher=New America Alliance |access-date=January 28, 2020}}</ref> His mother, [[Arlene Stringer-Cuevas]], was a cousin of former U.S. Representative [[Bella Abzug]], and served on the [[New York City Council]] before working in the [[New York City Human Resources Administration]].<ref name="cityandstateny1">{{cite web|url=https://www.cityandstateny.com/articles/personality/interviews-profiles/scott-stringer-millennial-mayor.html |title=Scott Stringer, millennial for mayor |publisher=Cityandstateny.com |date=2019-07-15 |access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/search/sitesearch?query=Arlene+Stringer&more=date_all&n=10&prev=10&frow=10&page=2| title=Mrs. Abzug Wins Party Approval to Succeed Ryan| first=William E.| last= Farrell| date=October 2, 1972| newspaper=New York Times |access-date=2011-09-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/09/15/archives/mrs-stringer-beats-3-rivals-in-a-manhattan-council-race.html?_r=0| title=Mrs. Stringer Beats 3 Rivals In a Manhattan Council Race| work=The New York Times|date=September 15, 1976}}</ref> His father, Ronald, was counsel to former [[New York City Mayor]] [[Abe Beame]].<ref name="cityandstateny1"/><ref name="P2011">{{cite web|url=http://www.politico.com/states/new-york/albany/story/2011/10/also-running-scott-stringer-the-other-manhattan-candidate-for-mayor-000000|title=Also running: Scott Stringer, the other Manhattan candidate for mayor|work=Politico|date=October 3, 2011 |access-date=13 September 2017}}</ref> His stepfather, Carlos Cuevas, was at one time the New York City clerk and a Deputy Borough President in [[the Bronx]].<ref name="cityandstateny1"/>
Stringer is Jewish, and was born and raised in [[Washington Heights, Manhattan|Washington Heights]] in [[Upper Manhattan]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://forward.com/news/361314/new-york-city-comptroller-links-jewish-muslim-fates/ |title=New York City Comptroller Links Jewish, Muslim Fates |first=Andrea |last=Cantor |newspaper=The Forward |date=January 26, 2017 |access-date=January 28, 2020 |archive-date=January 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128175805/https://forward.com/news/361314/new-york-city-comptroller-links-jewish-muslim-fates/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.naaonline.org/the_honorable_scott_stringer |title=The Honorable Scott Stringer |publisher=New America Alliance |access-date=January 28, 2020}}</ref> His mother, [[Arlene Stringer-Cuevas]], was a cousin of former U.S. Representative [[Bella Abzug]], and served on the [[New York City Council]] before working in the [[New York City Human Resources Administration]].<ref name="cityandstateny1">{{cite web |url=https://www.cityandstateny.com/articles/personality/interviews-profiles/scott-stringer-millennial-mayor.html |title=Scott Stringer, millennial for mayor |publisher=Cityandstateny.com |date=July 15, 2019 |access-date=January 29, 2020 |archive-date=January 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129101053/https://www.cityandstateny.com/articles/personality/interviews-profiles/scott-stringer-millennial-mayor.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/search/sitesearch?query=Arlene+Stringer&more=date_all&n=10&prev=10&frow=10&page=2| title=Mrs. Abzug Wins Party Approval to Succeed Ryan| first=William E.| last= Farrell| date=October 2, 1972| newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=September 6, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/09/15/archives/mrs-stringer-beats-3-rivals-in-a-manhattan-council-race.html?_r=0| title=Mrs. Stringer Beats 3 Rivals In a Manhattan Council Race| work=[[The New York Times]]|date=September 15, 1976}}</ref> His father, Ronald, was counsel to former [[New York City Mayor]] [[Abe Beame]].<ref name="cityandstateny1"/><ref name="P2011">{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/states/new-york/albany/story/2011/10/also-running-scott-stringer-the-other-manhattan-candidate-for-mayor-000000|title=Also running: Scott Stringer, the other Manhattan candidate for mayor|work=[[Politico]]|date=October 3, 2011 |access-date=September 13, 2017}}</ref> His stepfather, Carlos Cuevas, was at one time the New York City clerk and a Deputy Borough President in [[the Bronx]].<ref name="cityandstateny1"/>


Stringer attended Manhattan public schools, including PS 152, JHS 52, and [[John F. Kennedy High School (New York City)|John F. Kennedy High School]] (where he was editor of the school newspaper). When Stringer was still in high school at age 16, then-Manhattan Borough President [[Percy Sutton]] named Stringer to the [[Community boards of Manhattan|Community Planning Board]].<ref name="P2011"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/01/11/archives/sutton-names-two-teenagers-to-community-planning-boards.html |title=Sutton Names Two Teen-Agers To Community Planning Boards |work=The New York Times|date=1977-01-11 |access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref> Stringer graduated from the [[John Jay College of Criminal Justice]] with a Bachelor of Arts in Government Studies in 1986.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://justfacts.votesmart.org/candidate/biography/4397/scott-stringer |title=The Voter's Self Defense System |publisher=Vote Smart |access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/states/new-york/albany/story/2011/10/also-running-scott-stringer-the-other-manhattan-candidate-for-mayor-000000 |title=Also running: Scott Stringer, the other Manhattan candidate for mayor |work=Politico |date=2011-10-03 |access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=6361 |title=Candidate - Scott Stringer |publisher=Our Campaigns |access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Webber |first1=David H. |title=The Rise of the Working-Class Shareholder: Labor's Last Best Weapon |date=2018 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-91946-4 |page=63 |url=https://www.degruyter.com/viewbooktoc/product/511375 |access-date=15 November 2019 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>
Stringer attended Manhattan public schools, including PS 152, JHS 52, and [[John F. Kennedy High School (New York City)|John F. Kennedy High School]] (where he was editor of the school newspaper). When Stringer was still in high school at age 16, then-Manhattan Borough President [[Percy Sutton]] named Stringer to the [[Community boards of Manhattan|Community Planning Board]].<ref name="P2011"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/01/11/archives/sutton-names-two-teenagers-to-community-planning-boards.html |title=Sutton Names Two Teen-Agers To Community Planning Boards |work=[[The New York Times]]|date=January 11, 1977 |access-date=January 29, 2020}}</ref> Stringer graduated from the [[John Jay College of Criminal Justice]] with a Bachelor of Arts in Government Studies in 1986.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://justfacts.votesmart.org/candidate/biography/4397/scott-stringer |title=The Voter's Self Defense System |publisher=Vote Smart |access-date=January 29, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/states/new-york/albany/story/2011/10/also-running-scott-stringer-the-other-manhattan-candidate-for-mayor-000000 |title=Also running: Scott Stringer, the other Manhattan candidate for mayor |work=[[Politico]] |date=October 3, 2011 |access-date=January 29, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=6361 |title=Candidate - Scott Stringer |publisher=Our Campaigns |access-date=January 29, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Webber |first1=David H. |title=The Rise of the Working-Class Shareholder: Labor's Last Best Weapon |date=2018 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-91946-4 |page=63 |url=https://www.degruyter.com/viewbooktoc/product/511375 |access-date=November 15, 2019 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>


He has distant roots from [[Russia]] and [[Ireland]], he has said, and his great-grandfather was from Poland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dziennik.com/wiadomosci/artykul/scott-stringer-mam-polskie-korzenie|title=Scott Stringer: "Mam polskie korzenie"|access-date=13 September 2017}}</ref>
He has distant roots from [[Russia]] and [[Ireland]], he has said, and his great-grandfather was from Poland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dziennik.com/wiadomosci/artykul/scott-stringer-mam-polskie-korzenie|title=Scott Stringer: "Mam polskie korzenie"|access-date=September 13, 2017}}</ref>


== Career ==
== Career ==
In 1983, he became a legislative assistant to [[New York State Assembly]]man, and future Congressman, [[Jerry Nadler]]. During these years, he supported Democratic candidate Governor [[Mario Cuomo]].{{fact|date=February 2025}}
In 1983, he became a legislative assistant to [[New York State Assembly]]man, and future Congressman, [[Jerry Nadler]]. During these years, he supported Democratic candidate Governor [[Mario Cuomo]].{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}


===New York State Assembly===
===New York State Assembly===
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In 1999, Stringer was arrested at a [[police brutality]] protest outside 1 Police Plaza following the [[shooting of Amadou Diallo]].<ref name= "CL 10">{{Cite web|url=https://citylimits.org/2021/05/26/ten-tests-of-scott-stringers-soul/|title = Ten Tests of Scott Stringer's Soul|date = May 26, 2021}}</ref> Later that year, Stringer organized a counter-rally to a [[Ku Klux Klan]] march.<ref name= "CL 10"/>
In 1999, Stringer was arrested at a [[police brutality]] protest outside 1 Police Plaza following the [[shooting of Amadou Diallo]].<ref name= "CL 10">{{Cite web|url=https://citylimits.org/2021/05/26/ten-tests-of-scott-stringers-soul/|title = Ten Tests of Scott Stringer's Soul|date = May 26, 2021}}</ref> Later that year, Stringer organized a counter-rally to a [[Ku Klux Klan]] march.<ref name= "CL 10"/>


On August 28, 2001, ''[[Village Voice]]'' political writer [[Wayne Barrett]] wrote a piece entitled, "Mother Dearest & the Courthouse Cabal," in which he discussed Stringer's involvement in courtroom politics, specifically questioning how Stringer's parents had benefited financially from his political ties, and whether some of his campaign contributors had done unethical things.{{Vague|reason=What things? When?|date=September 2020}} Barrett also raised questions about whether acting Supreme Court judge Louis York had attempted to gain Stringer's support in his bid for a full term on the court by appointing Stringer's mother nine times as a court evaluator and conservator.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.villagevoice.com/2001-08-28/news/mother-dearest-the-courthouse-cabal/ |title=New York News - Mother Dearest & the Courthouse Cabal| newspaper=The Village Voice |first=Wayne| last= Barrett|date=August 28, 2001 |access-date=2009-12-08}}</ref> In 2001, while a member of the Assembly, Stringer explored a run for [[New York City Public Advocate]].{{fact|date=February 2025}}
On August 28, 2001, ''[[Village Voice]]'' political writer [[Wayne Barrett]] wrote a piece entitled, "Mother Dearest & the Courthouse Cabal," in which he discussed Stringer's involvement in courtroom politics, specifically questioning how Stringer's parents had benefited financially from his political ties, and whether some of his campaign contributors had done unethical things.{{Vague|reason=What things? When?|date=September 2020}} Barrett also raised questions about whether acting Supreme Court judge Louis York had attempted to gain Stringer's support in his bid for a full term on the court by appointing Stringer's mother nine times as a court evaluator and conservator.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.villagevoice.com/2001-08-28/news/mother-dearest-the-courthouse-cabal/ |title=New York News - Mother Dearest & the Courthouse Cabal| newspaper=The Village Voice |first=Wayne| last= Barrett|date=August 28, 2001 |access-date=December 8, 2009}}</ref> In 2001, while a member of the Assembly, Stringer explored a run for [[New York City Public Advocate]].{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}


===Manhattan Borough President===
===Manhattan Borough President===
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====Bike lanes====
====Bike lanes====


Throughout his tenure as Borough President, Stringer supported new transportation initiatives such as bike lanes.<ref name="Grynbaum">{{cite news|url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/10/11/tales-of-bike-lane-abuse/| title=Stringer Calls for an NYPD Bike Lane Enforcement Unit| first=Michael M.| last= Grynbaum| date=October 11, 2010| newspaper=New York Times |access-date=2012-03-26}}</ref> After numerous constituent complaints, in 2010 he undertook a survey, "Respect the Lane – Clear the Path", a policy report analyzing bike lane safety in Manhattan. During the course of the three-day survey, a total of 1,700 infractions were witnessed.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://gothamist.com/2010/10/08/bike_lanes_need_greater_protection.php| title=Tales of Bike Lane Abuse| first=John| last=Del Signore| date=October 8, 2010| newspaper=Gothamist| access-date=2012-03-26| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203082018/http://gothamist.com/2010/10/08/bike_lanes_need_greater_protection.php| archive-date=December 3, 2010}}</ref> The survey found that while bike lanes have a tremendous positive impact on New York City, the lanes were being misused by all parties; pedestrians, motorists, and cyclists. Working with community leaders, elected officials, local businesses, and local residents, Stringer worked to raise awareness about bike lane safety, and recommended an "increase in protected bicycle lanes, which are separated from traffic by a physical barrier and stepped-up patrol by traffic enforcement agents to ticket scofflaws, along with better signage," among other ideas.<ref name="mbpo.org"/><ref name="Grynbaum"/>
Throughout his tenure as Borough President, Stringer supported new transportation initiatives such as bike lanes.<ref name="Grynbaum">{{cite news| url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/10/11/tales-of-bike-lane-abuse/| title=Stringer Calls for an NYPD Bike Lane Enforcement Unit| first=Michael M.| last=Grynbaum| date=October 11, 2010| newspaper=[[The New York Times]]| access-date=March 26, 2012| archive-date=April 3, 2012| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403151308/http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/10/11/tales-of-bike-lane-abuse/| url-status=live}}</ref> After numerous constituent complaints, in 2010 he undertook a survey, "Respect the Lane – Clear the Path", a policy report analyzing bike lane safety in Manhattan. During the course of the three-day survey, a total of 1,700 infractions were witnessed.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://gothamist.com/2010/10/08/bike_lanes_need_greater_protection.php| title=Tales of Bike Lane Abuse| first=John| last=Del Signore| date=October 8, 2010| newspaper=[[Gothamist]]| access-date=March 26, 2012| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203082018/http://gothamist.com/2010/10/08/bike_lanes_need_greater_protection.php| archive-date=December 3, 2010}}</ref> The survey found that while bike lanes have a tremendous positive impact on New York City, the lanes were being misused by all parties; pedestrians, motorists, and cyclists. Working with community leaders, elected officials, local businesses, and local residents, Stringer worked to raise awareness about bike lane safety, and recommended an "increase in protected bicycle lanes, which are separated from traffic by a physical barrier and stepped-up patrol by traffic enforcement agents to ticket scofflaws, along with better signage," among other ideas.<ref name="mbpo.org"/><ref name="Grynbaum"/>


====Hydraulic fracturing====
====Hydraulic fracturing====


Stringer led the fight in New York City against [[hydraulic fracturing]] in New York State.<ref name="DNAinfo">{{cite web| url=http://www.dnainfo.com/20091029/manhattan/scott-stringer-leads-fight-against-fracking-fears-contamination-of-water-supply| title=Scott Stringer Leads Fight Against Fracking, Fears Contamination of Water Supply| publisher=DNAinfo| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106215054/http://dnainfo.com/20091029/manhattan/scott-stringer-leads-fight-against-fracking-fears-contamination-of-water-supply| archive-date=2010-01-06}}</ref> Stringer hosted many Manhattan Community Boards to discuss the potential problems associated with "fracking", such as contamination to the water supply.<ref name="DNAinfo"/> Stringer also released a policy report in 2009, ''Uncalculated Risk: How Plans to Drill for Gas in Upstate New York could threaten New York City's Water System'', a report highlighting the impacts of "fracking".<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.newyorkwater.org/pdf/uncalculatedRisk.pdf| title=Uncalculated Risk: How Plans to Drill for Gas in Upstate New York could threaten New York City's Water System| publisher=Manhattan Borough President's Office}}</ref>
Stringer led the fight in New York City against [[hydraulic fracturing]] in New York State.<ref name="DNAinfo">{{cite web| url=http://www.dnainfo.com/20091029/manhattan/scott-stringer-leads-fight-against-fracking-fears-contamination-of-water-supply| title=Scott Stringer Leads Fight Against Fracking, Fears Contamination of Water Supply| publisher=[[DNAinfo]]| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106215054/http://dnainfo.com/20091029/manhattan/scott-stringer-leads-fight-against-fracking-fears-contamination-of-water-supply| archive-date=January 6, 2010}}</ref> Stringer hosted many Manhattan Community Boards to discuss the potential problems associated with "fracking", such as contamination to the water supply.<ref name="DNAinfo"/> Stringer also released a policy report in 2009, ''Uncalculated Risk: How Plans to Drill for Gas in Upstate New York could threaten New York City's Water System'', a report highlighting the impacts of "fracking".<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.newyorkwater.org/pdf/uncalculatedRisk.pdf| title=Uncalculated Risk: How Plans to Drill for Gas in Upstate New York could threaten New York City's Water System| publisher=Manhattan Borough President's Office| access-date=March 28, 2012| archive-date=July 6, 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706165028/http://www.newyorkwater.org/pdf/uncalculatedRisk.pdf| url-status=live}}</ref>


====2009 re-election====
====2009 re-election====


On November 6, 2008, Stringer announced his decision to seek re-election as Manhattan Borough President.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/11/06/stringer-will-seek-re-election-to-manhattan-post/| newspaper=New York Times| date=November 6, 2008| title=Stringer Will Seek Re-election in Manhattan| first=Jonathan P.| last=Hicks|access-date=2011-09-06}}</ref> His Republican opponent, David Casavis, a history professor and foreign affairs writer/commentator, got 16% of the vote<ref>{{cite news| url=http://elections.nytimes.com/2009/results/| newspaper=New York Times| title=2009 Election results| access-date=2011-09-06| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005043622/http://elections.nytimes.com/2009/results/| archive-date=2011-10-05}}</ref> on a platform to abolish the office.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nypress.com/blog-3781-gop-challenger-for-manhattan-borough-president-wan.html |title=GOP Challenger for Manhattan Borough President Wants to Win So He Can Dissolve the Position |publisher=Nypress.com |date=March 30, 2009 |access-date=2009-12-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091004174127/http://www.nypress.com/blog-3781-gop-challenger-for-manhattan-borough-president-wan.html |archive-date=October 4, 2009 }}</ref> In an October 5, 2009 article in ''City Limits'', Stringer dismissed calls by Casavis and Mayor [[Michael Bloomberg]] to eliminate his office: "There are people who are going to call for the elimination of the public advocate office, borough president, the City Council. There are people who believe that we should have a king system here," says Stringer. "Borough presidents are part of a new era and a different kind of government. It has real responsibilities and it gives you a large footprint on the issues you get involved with. It's up to the individual to take advantage of that, that you might have an impact."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://citylimits.org/2009/10/05/boro-presidents-fight-extends-beyond-election/|title=Boro Presidents' Fight Extends Beyond Election |publisher=City Limits |date=2009-10-05 |access-date=2020-05-27 }}</ref>
On November 6, 2008, Stringer announced his decision to seek re-election as Manhattan Borough President.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/11/06/stringer-will-seek-re-election-to-manhattan-post/| newspaper=[[The New York Times]]| date=November 6, 2008| title=Stringer Will Seek Re-election in Manhattan| first=Jonathan P.| last=Hicks| access-date=September 6, 2011| archive-date=May 23, 2012| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120523025410/http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/11/06/stringer-will-seek-re-election-to-manhattan-post/| url-status=live}}</ref> His Republican opponent, David Casavis, a history professor and foreign affairs writer/commentator, got 16% of the vote<ref>{{cite news| url=http://elections.nytimes.com/2009/results/| newspaper=[[The New York Times]]| title=2009 Election results| access-date=September 6, 2011| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005043622/http://elections.nytimes.com/2009/results/| archive-date=October 5, 2011}}</ref> on a platform to abolish the office.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nypress.com/blog-3781-gop-challenger-for-manhattan-borough-president-wan.html |title=GOP Challenger for Manhattan Borough President Wants to Win So He Can Dissolve the Position |publisher=Nypress.com |date=March 30, 2009 |access-date=December 8, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091004174127/http://www.nypress.com/blog-3781-gop-challenger-for-manhattan-borough-president-wan.html |archive-date=October 4, 2009 }}</ref> In an October 5, 2009, article in ''City Limits'', Stringer dismissed calls by Casavis and Mayor [[Michael Bloomberg]] to eliminate his office: "There are people who are going to call for the elimination of the public advocate office, borough president, the City Council. There are people who believe that we should have a king system here," says Stringer. "Borough presidents are part of a new era and a different kind of government. It has real responsibilities and it gives you a large footprint on the issues you get involved with. It's up to the individual to take advantage of that, that you might have an impact."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://citylimits.org/2009/10/05/boro-presidents-fight-extends-beyond-election/|title=Boro Presidents' Fight Extends Beyond Election |publisher=City Limits |date=October 5, 2009 |access-date=May 27, 2020 }}</ref>


===United States Senate consideration===
===United States Senate consideration===


In Spring 2009, Stringer considered a [[United States Senate special election in New York, 2010|primary challenge]] to [[incumbent]] [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] [[Kirsten Gillibrand]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/04/16/stringer-exploring-run-for-the-senate/| title=Stringer Exploring Run for the Senate| newspaper=New York Times|date=April 16, 2009|access-date=2009-12-08 | first=Raymond| last=Hernandez}}</ref> However, he announced in May 2009 that he would not run. In his statement he said: "In light of President Obama's clear desire to avoid a Democratic primary in New York State, I have decided to focus on my re-election race for Manhattan Borough President and to suspend my exploratory committee and fund-raising efforts for the [[2010 United States Senate special election in New York|2010 Senate race]]. I firmly believe that innovative thinking on issues like education and the urban environment must be joined with bedrock Democratic values on gun control and immigration if New York's interests are to be effectively represented in Washington."<ref>{{cite news| url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/05/19/stringer-wont-challenge-gillibrand-in-primary/| title=Stringer Won't Challenge Gillibrand in Primary|newspaper=New York Times|date=May 19, 2009 |access-date=2009-12-08 | first=Sewell| last=Chan}}</ref>
In Spring 2009, Stringer considered a [[United States Senate special election in New York, 2010|primary challenge]] to [[incumbent]] [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] [[Kirsten Gillibrand]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/04/16/stringer-exploring-run-for-the-senate/| title=Stringer Exploring Run for the Senate| newspaper=[[The New York Times]]| date=April 16, 2009| access-date=December 8, 2009| first=Raymond| last=Hernandez| archive-date=August 20, 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090820101736/http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/04/16/stringer-exploring-run-for-the-senate/| url-status=live}}</ref> However, he announced in May 2009 that he would not run. In his statement he said: "In light of President Obama's clear desire to avoid a Democratic primary in New York State, I have decided to focus on my re-election race for Manhattan Borough President and to suspend my exploratory committee and fund-raising efforts for the [[2010 United States Senate special election in New York|2010 Senate race]]. I firmly believe that innovative thinking on issues like education and the urban environment must be joined with bedrock Democratic values on gun control and immigration if New York's interests are to be effectively represented in Washington."<ref>{{cite news| url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/05/19/stringer-wont-challenge-gillibrand-in-primary/| title=Stringer Won't Challenge Gillibrand in Primary| newspaper=[[The New York Times]]| date=May 19, 2009| access-date=December 8, 2009| first=Sewell| last=Chan| archive-date=August 2, 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090802040851/http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/05/19/stringer-wont-challenge-gillibrand-in-primary/| url-status=live}}</ref>


===New York City Comptroller===
===New York City Comptroller===
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{{Further|2013 New York City Comptroller election}}
{{Further|2013 New York City Comptroller election}}


Stringer was the Democratic nominee for New York City Comptroller in [[New York City comptroller election, 2013|the 2013 election]]. He defeated former New York Governor [[Eliot Spitzer]] in the Democratic primary.<ref>{{cite news|last=Taylor|first=Kate|title=Stringer Defeats Spitzer in Comptroller Primary|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/11/nyregion/stringer-defeats-spitzer-in-comptroller-primary.html?_r=0|newspaper=The New York Times|date=September 10, 2013}}</ref>
Stringer was the Democratic nominee for New York City Comptroller in [[New York City comptroller election, 2013|the 2013 election]]. He defeated former New York Governor [[Eliot Spitzer]] in the Democratic primary.<ref>{{cite news|last=Taylor|first=Kate|title=Stringer Defeats Spitzer in Comptroller Primary|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/11/nyregion/stringer-defeats-spitzer-in-comptroller-primary.html?_r=0|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=September 10, 2013}}</ref>


Stringer was considered one of several contenders for the 2013 New York City Mayoral primary before he announced in mid-November 2012 that he would instead run for [[New York City Comptroller|city comptroller]] in the [[New York City Comptroller election, 2013|2013 election]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://mycrains.crainsnewyork.com/blogs/insider/2012/11/stringer-to-run-for-comptroller-in-2013/| title=Stringer to run for comptroller in 2013|newspaper=Crain's|date=November 18, 2012 |access-date=2012-11-27 | first=Erik| last=Engquist}}</ref> His campaign team included spokesperson [[Audrey Gelman]],<ref>{{cite web|title= How Audrey Gelman Changed The Face Of NYC Politics|url= http://www.refinery29.com/2013/10/54880/scott-stringer-audrey-gelman-nyc-comptroller-race|work= refinery29.com|access-date=6 October 2013}}</ref> advertising agency GMMB,<ref>{{cite web|title= GMMB Congratulates NYC Comptroller Scott Stringer|url= http://www.gmmb.com/news/view/gmmb-congratulates-nyc-comptroller-scott-stringer|work= gmmb.com|access-date=20 December 2013}}</ref> and pollster [[Mark Mellman]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Opinion:Polling the Right People Matters|url= https://thehill.com/opinion/columnists/mark-mellman/182673-polling-the-right-people-matters/|work= The Hill|access-date=17 September 2013|first=Mark|last=Mellman|author-link=Mark Mellman|date=September 17, 2013}}</ref> Stringer was challenged by former New York Governor [[Eliot Spitzer]] in the Democratic party primary.<ref>{{cite news|last=Dover|first=Sara|title=Disgraced ex-Gov. Eliot Spitzer re-enters politics in NYC comptroller bid|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/disgraced-ex-gov-eliot-spitzer-re-enters-politics-in-nyc-comptroller-bid/|newspaper=CBS News|date=July 7, 2013}}</ref> Stringer, originally thought to have the lead unopposed, trailed Spitzer in the polls until late August, when he took a two-point lead.<ref>{{cite web|last=Resnick |first=Gideon |url=http://politicker.com/2013/07/two-polls-find-eliot-spitzer-ahead-in-comptrollers-race/ |title=Two Polls Find Eliot Spitzer Ahead in Comptroller's Race |publisher=Politicker |access-date=2014-03-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2013/07/25/polls-tell-different-stories-in-spitzers-comeback-bid/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130807035028/http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2013/07/25/polls-tell-different-stories-in-spitzers-comeback-bid/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 7, 2013 |title=Polls tell different stories in Spitzer's comeback bid |first=Kevin |last=Liptak |publisher=CNN |date=2013-07-25 |access-date=2014-03-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |date=September 4, 2013 |title=Stringer On Top Of Too-Close-To-Call Comptroller Race, Quinnipiac University Poll Finds; Big Racial Gap, But No Gender Gap |url=https://poll.qu.edu/new-york-city/release-detail?ReleaseID=1949 |publisher=Quinnipiac University |access-date=January 28, 2020}}</ref> Stringer defeated Spitzer in the September 10 primary 52%–48%.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Comptroller Primary|url=https://www.nytimes.com/projects/elections/2013/nyc-primary/comptroller/map.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=15 September 2013}}</ref> In the days prior to the Democratic primary, several media outlets published a piece describing Stringer's vote against legislation that stripped [[NAMBLA]] of its tax-exempt status.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2013/09/scott-stringer-nambla-eliot-spitzer.html|title=Scott Stringer Once Voted to Keep NAMBLA Tax-Exempt|work=New York Magazine|date=September 3, 2013 |access-date=13 September 2017}}</ref>
Stringer was considered one of several contenders for the 2013 New York City Mayoral primary before he announced in mid-November 2012 that he would instead run for [[New York City Comptroller|city comptroller]] in the [[New York City Comptroller election, 2013|2013 election]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://mycrains.crainsnewyork.com/blogs/insider/2012/11/stringer-to-run-for-comptroller-in-2013/| title=Stringer to run for comptroller in 2013|newspaper=Crain's|date=November 18, 2012 |access-date=November 27, 2012 | first=Erik| last=Engquist}}</ref> His campaign team included spokesperson [[Audrey Gelman]],<ref>{{cite web|title= How Audrey Gelman Changed The Face Of NYC Politics|url= http://www.refinery29.com/2013/10/54880/scott-stringer-audrey-gelman-nyc-comptroller-race|work=[[Refinery29]]|access-date= October 6, 2013|archive-date= October 7, 2013|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131007190317/http://www.refinery29.com/2013/10/54880/scott-stringer-audrey-gelman-nyc-comptroller-race|url-status= live}}</ref> advertising agency GMMB,<ref>{{cite web|title= GMMB Congratulates NYC Comptroller Scott Stringer|url= http://www.gmmb.com/news/view/gmmb-congratulates-nyc-comptroller-scott-stringer|work= gmmb.com|access-date= December 20, 2013|archive-date= March 25, 2014|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140325005050/http://www.gmmb.com/news/view/gmmb-congratulates-nyc-comptroller-scott-stringer|url-status= live}}</ref> and pollster [[Mark Mellman]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Opinion:Polling the Right People Matters|url=https://thehill.com/opinion/columnists/mark-mellman/182673-polling-the-right-people-matters/|work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|access-date=September 17, 2013|first=Mark|last=Mellman|author-link=Mark Mellman|date=September 17, 2013|archive-date=December 5, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205205546/https://thehill.com/opinion/columnists/mark-mellman/182673-polling-the-right-people-matters/|url-status=live}}</ref> Stringer was challenged by former New York Governor [[Eliot Spitzer]] in the Democratic party primary.<ref>{{cite news|last=Dover|first=Sara|title=Disgraced ex-Gov. Eliot Spitzer re-enters politics in NYC comptroller bid|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/disgraced-ex-gov-eliot-spitzer-re-enters-politics-in-nyc-comptroller-bid/|newspaper=[[CBS News]]|date=July 7, 2013|archive-date=February 21, 2025|access-date=September 1, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221121122/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/disgraced-ex-gov-eliot-spitzer-re-enters-politics-in-nyc-comptroller-bid/|url-status=live}}</ref> Stringer, originally thought to have the lead unopposed, trailed Spitzer in the polls until late August, when he took a two-point lead.<ref>{{cite web|last=Resnick |first=Gideon |url=http://politicker.com/2013/07/two-polls-find-eliot-spitzer-ahead-in-comptrollers-race/ |title=Two Polls Find Eliot Spitzer Ahead in Comptroller's Race |publisher=Politicker |access-date=March 25, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2013/07/25/polls-tell-different-stories-in-spitzers-comeback-bid/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130807035028/http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2013/07/25/polls-tell-different-stories-in-spitzers-comeback-bid/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 7, 2013 |title=Polls tell different stories in Spitzer's comeback bid |first=Kevin |last=Liptak |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=July 25, 2013 |access-date=March 25, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |date=September 4, 2013 |title=Stringer On Top Of Too-Close-To-Call Comptroller Race, Quinnipiac University Poll Finds; Big Racial Gap, But No Gender Gap |url=https://poll.qu.edu/new-york-city/release-detail?ReleaseID=1949 |publisher=Quinnipiac University |access-date=January 28, 2020}}</ref> Stringer defeated Spitzer in the September 10 primary 52%–48%.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Comptroller Primary|url=https://www.nytimes.com/projects/elections/2013/nyc-primary/comptroller/map.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=September 15, 2013}}</ref> In the days prior to the Democratic primary, several media outlets published a piece describing Stringer's vote against legislation that stripped [[NAMBLA]] of its tax-exempt status.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2013/09/scott-stringer-nambla-eliot-spitzer.html|title=Scott Stringer Once Voted to Keep NAMBLA Tax-Exempt|work=[[New York (magazine)|New York]]|date=September 3, 2013|access-date=September 13, 2017|archive-date=October 6, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006062216/http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2013/09/scott-stringer-nambla-eliot-spitzer.html|url-status=live}}</ref>


====Tenure====
====Tenure====


In 2014, Stringer criticized the health department's response to complaints about [[rats in New York City]] as "weak", because they failed in their oversight and their inability to follow their own procedures.<ref name="pix11.com">{{cite web|url=http://pix11.com/2014/10/15/nycs-rats-are-crawling-with-diseases-study/|title=NYC's rats are crawling with diseases: study - New York's PIX11 / WPIX-TV|work=New York's PIX11 / WPIX-TV|date=October 15, 2014}}</ref>
In 2014, Stringer criticized the health department's response to complaints about [[rats in New York City]] as "weak", because they failed in their oversight and their inability to follow their own procedures.<ref name="pix11.com">{{cite web|url=http://pix11.com/2014/10/15/nycs-rats-are-crawling-with-diseases-study/|title=NYC's rats are crawling with diseases: study - New York's PIX11 / WPIX-TV|work=New York's PIX11 / WPIX-TV|date=October 15, 2014|access-date=April 27, 2015|archive-date=March 25, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325072601/http://pix11.com/2014/10/15/nycs-rats-are-crawling-with-diseases-study/|url-status=live}}</ref>


In November 2014, Comptroller Stringer announced an initiative, on behalf of the $160 billion New York City Pension Funds, to give long-term shareholders the right to nominate their own directors at 75 U.S. companies.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://comptroller.nyc.gov/newsroom/comptroller-stringer-nyc-pension-funds-launch-national-campaign-to-give-shareowners-a-true-voice-in-how-corporate-boards-are-elected/| title=COMPTROLLER STRINGER, NYC PENSION FUNDS LAUNCH NATIONAL CAMPAIGN TO GIVE SHAREOWNERS A TRUE VOICE IN HOW CORPORATE BOARDS ARE ELECTED| publisher=New York City Comptroller's Office}}</ref> The "proxy access" initiative, known as the Boardroom Accountability Project, requests that these companies change their bylaws to allow shareholders who meet a threshold of owning three percent of a company for three or more years the right to list their director candidates, representing up to 25 percent of the board, on a given company's proxy. Proxy access is the ability for shareowners to nominate directors to run against a company's chosen slate of director candidates on the corporate ballot. The 75 proposals were filed based on three priority issues: climate change, board diversity and excessive CEO pay. Stringer called proxy access "the defining issue for the 2015 proxy season".<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.proxyinsight.com/research/Proxy%20Monthly%20February%202015.pdf| title=Proxy Access... Or Not| publisher=Proxy Monthly}}</ref>
In November 2014, Comptroller Stringer announced an initiative, on behalf of the $160 billion New York City Pension Funds, to give long-term shareholders the right to nominate their own directors at 75 U.S. companies.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://comptroller.nyc.gov/newsroom/comptroller-stringer-nyc-pension-funds-launch-national-campaign-to-give-shareowners-a-true-voice-in-how-corporate-boards-are-elected/| title=COMPTROLLER STRINGER, NYC PENSION FUNDS LAUNCH NATIONAL CAMPAIGN TO GIVE SHAREOWNERS A TRUE VOICE IN HOW CORPORATE BOARDS ARE ELECTED| publisher=New York City Comptroller's Office| access-date=May 20, 2015| archive-date=January 6, 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106175838/http://comptroller.nyc.gov/newsroom/comptroller-stringer-nyc-pension-funds-launch-national-campaign-to-give-shareowners-a-true-voice-in-how-corporate-boards-are-elected/| url-status=live}}</ref> The "proxy access" initiative, known as the Boardroom Accountability Project, requests that these companies change their bylaws to allow shareholders who meet a threshold of owning three percent of a company for three or more years the right to list their director candidates, representing up to 25 percent of the board, on a given company's proxy. Proxy access is the ability for shareowners to nominate directors to run against a company's chosen slate of director candidates on the corporate ballot. The 75 proposals were filed based on three priority issues: climate change, board diversity and excessive CEO pay. Stringer called proxy access "the defining issue for the 2015 proxy season".<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.proxyinsight.com/research/Proxy%20Monthly%20February%202015.pdf| title=Proxy Access... Or Not| publisher=Proxy Monthly}}</ref>


====2017 election====
====2017 election====
In 2017, there was no Democratic primary for the position with Stringer defeating Republican [[Michel Faulkner]] in the general election.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gothamgazette.com/city/7190-2017-new-york-city-primary-election-results|title=2017 New York City Primary Election Results|first=Ben|last=Max|work=Gotham Gazette|access-date=13 September 2017}}</ref>
In 2017, there was no Democratic primary for the position with Stringer defeating Republican [[Michel Faulkner]] in the general election.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gothamgazette.com/city/7190-2017-new-york-city-primary-election-results|title=2017 New York City Primary Election Results|first=Ben|last=Max|work=Gotham Gazette|access-date=September 13, 2017|archive-date=September 13, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913182737/http://www.gothamgazette.com/city/7190-2017-new-york-city-primary-election-results|url-status=live}}</ref>


=== New York City mayoral candidacies ===
=== New York City mayoral candidacies ===
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==== 2021 election ====
==== 2021 election ====
{{main|2021 New York City Democratic mayoral primary}}
{{main|2021 New York City Democratic mayoral primary}}
On September 8, 2020, Stringer formally announced his candidacy for Mayor of New York City. He was endorsed by a number of progressive politicians shortly after his announcement, such as [[Jerry Nadler]], [[Adriano Espaillat]], [[Jamaal Bowman]], [[Alessandra Biaggi]], [[Julia Salazar]], [[Yuh-Line Niou]], [[Jessica Ramos]], and others. At his announcement, he criticized incumbent mayor de Blasio saying: "We never closed the book on a tale of two cities. If anything over the last eight years, we've written more chapters."<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Anuta|first1=Joe|last2=Goldenberg|first2=Sally|title=Comptroller Scott Stringer officially jumps in to New York City mayor's race|url=https://politi.co/2F9KksF|access-date=2020-11-22|website=Politico PRO|date=September 8, 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://stringerformayor.com/coalition/ |title=Coalition - Scott Stringer |website=stringerformayor.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304030239/https://stringerformayor.com/coalition/ |archive-date=2021-03-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/new-york-elections-government/ny-nadler-stringer-gottfried-rosenthal-jackson-mayor-endorse-20201220-tyeu3wopqnhgdeoe53ibit4ifi-story.html|title = Rep. Nadler, Manhattan politicians to endorse Stringer for mayor|website = [[New York Daily News]]| date=December 20, 2020 }}</ref>  
On September 8, 2020, Stringer formally announced his candidacy for Mayor of New York City. He was endorsed by a number of progressive politicians shortly after his announcement, such as [[Jerry Nadler]], [[Adriano Espaillat]], [[Jamaal Bowman]], [[Alessandra Biaggi]], [[Julia Salazar]], [[Yuh-Line Niou]], [[Jessica Ramos]], and others. At his announcement, he criticized incumbent mayor de Blasio saying: "We never closed the book on a tale of two cities. If anything over the last eight years, we've written more chapters."<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Anuta|first1=Joe|last2=Goldenberg|first2=Sally|title=Comptroller Scott Stringer officially jumps in to New York City mayor's race|url=https://politi.co/2F9KksF|access-date=November 22, 2020|website=Politico PRO|date=September 8, 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://stringerformayor.com/coalition/ |title=Coalition - Scott Stringer |website=stringerformayor.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304030239/https://stringerformayor.com/coalition/ |archive-date=March 4, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/new-york-elections-government/ny-nadler-stringer-gottfried-rosenthal-jackson-mayor-endorse-20201220-tyeu3wopqnhgdeoe53ibit4ifi-story.html|title = Rep. Nadler, Manhattan politicians to endorse Stringer for mayor|website = [[New York Daily News]]| date=December 20, 2020 }}</ref>


In April and June 2021, two women accused Stringer of sexual misconduct.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WFP, progressive women lawmakers rescind Scott Stringer endorsements |url=https://ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/politics/2021/05/01/nyc-elections-2021-whos-running-scott-stringer-working-families-party-alessandra-biaggi-lawmakers-pull-endorsements |access-date=2025-04-29 |website=ny1.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Glueck |first1=Katie |title=Scott Stringer Is Accused of Sexual Misconduct by 2nd Woman |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/04/nyregion/scott-stringer-teresa-logan-sexual-misconduct.html |access-date=4 May 2021 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Stringer denied the allegation and sued the latter woman for defamation, which was still pending as of March 2025.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Durkin |first1=Erin |title=Stringer vows to press on after losing supporters in NYC mayoral race |url=https://www.politico.com/states/new-york/albany/story/2021/05/02/stringer-vows-to-press-on-after-losing-supporters-in-nyc-mayoral-race-1379648 |access-date=3 May 2021 |newspaper=Politico Pro}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-12 |title=NYC politician sues woman who accused him of sexual assault |url=https://apnews.com/article/politics-lawsuits-manhattan-new-york-city-sexual-misconduct-8da51dd68bc0d1550dcc202d58c6b992 |access-date=2025-04-29 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Fitzsimmons |first=Emma G. |date=2025-03-10 |title=For #MeToo Movement, Mayor’s Race in New York City Poses a Test |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/10/nyregion/cuomo-stringer-metoo-harassment.html |access-date=2025-06-19 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In May 2021, [[City & State|''City & State'']] published an article detailing allegations of bullying by former employees of Stringer, although noting that some who were contacted disputed that characterization.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Coltin |first=Jeff |last2=Adler |first2=Ben |date=2021-05-14 |title=Former Stringer staffers describe his demanding temperament |url=https://www.cityandstateny.com/politics/2021/05/former-stringer-staffers-describe-his-demanding-temperament/182866/ |access-date=2025-06-09 |website=[[City & State]] |language=en}}</ref>  
In April and June 2021, two women accused Stringer of sexual misconduct.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WFP, progressive women lawmakers rescind Scott Stringer endorsements |url=https://ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/politics/2021/05/01/nyc-elections-2021-whos-running-scott-stringer-working-families-party-alessandra-biaggi-lawmakers-pull-endorsements |access-date=April 29, 2025 |website=[[NY1]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Glueck |first1=Katie |title=Scott Stringer Is Accused of Sexual Misconduct by 2nd Woman |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/04/nyregion/scott-stringer-teresa-logan-sexual-misconduct.html |access-date=May 4, 2021 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Stringer denied the allegation and sued the latter woman for defamation, which was still pending as of March 2025.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Durkin |first1=Erin |title=Stringer vows to press on after losing supporters in NYC mayoral race |url=https://www.politico.com/states/new-york/albany/story/2021/05/02/stringer-vows-to-press-on-after-losing-supporters-in-nyc-mayoral-race-1379648 |access-date=May 3, 2021 |newspaper=Politico Pro}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 12, 2022 |title=NYC politician sues woman who accused him of sexual assault |url=https://apnews.com/article/politics-lawsuits-manhattan-new-york-city-sexual-misconduct-8da51dd68bc0d1550dcc202d58c6b992 |access-date=April 29, 2025 |website=[[Associated Press]] |language=en |archive-date=April 29, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250429013235/https://apnews.com/article/politics-lawsuits-manhattan-new-york-city-sexual-misconduct-8da51dd68bc0d1550dcc202d58c6b992 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Fitzsimmons |first=Emma G. |date=March 10, 2025 |title=For #MeToo Movement, Mayor’s Race in New York City Poses a Test |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/10/nyregion/cuomo-stringer-metoo-harassment.html |access-date=June 19, 2025 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In May 2021, ''[[City & State]]'' published an article detailing allegations of bullying by former employees of Stringer, although noting that some who were contacted disputed that characterization.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Coltin |first=Jeff |last2=Adler |first2=Ben |date=May 14, 2021 |title=Former Stringer staffers describe his demanding temperament |url=https://www.cityandstateny.com/politics/2021/05/former-stringer-staffers-describe-his-demanding-temperament/182866/ |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=[[City & State]] |language=en}}</ref>


Stringer finished in fifth place with 5.0% of the vote.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vote.nyc/sites/default/files/pdf/absentee_reports/PE2021/CityWide_Recap_BoroughsAndParties_asof_June28_2021.pdf |title=Citywide Recap by Boroughs and Parties - All Ballot Types: Primary Election 2021 – 06/22/2021 |publisher=[[New York City Board of Elections]] |date=June 29, 2021 |accessdate=June 29, 2021}}</ref>
Stringer finished in fifth place with 5.0% of the vote.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vote.nyc/sites/default/files/pdf/absentee_reports/PE2021/CityWide_Recap_BoroughsAndParties_asof_June28_2021.pdf |title=Citywide Recap by Boroughs and Parties - All Ballot Types: Primary Election 2021 – 06/22/2021 |publisher=[[New York City Board of Elections]] |date=June 29, 2021 |accessdate=June 29, 2021}}</ref>
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==== 2025 election ====
==== 2025 election ====


{{Main article|2025 New York City mayoral election}}
{{Main|2025 New York City mayoral election}}


On January 18, 2024, Stringer announced that he was forming an exploratory committee to determine whether he should run for mayor in the [[2025 New York City mayoral election]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last1=Hogan |first1=Bernadette |last2=Cuza |first2=Bobby |title=Scott Stringer explores another run for mayor in 2025 |url=https://ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/news/2024/01/18/scott-stringer-explores-another-run-for-mayor-in-2025 |access-date=2024-05-14 |website=ny1.com |language=en}}</ref> Stringer officially launched his mayoral campaign in January 2025.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ortega |first1=Ralph R. |title=Scott Stringer is 'the adult in the room' at campaign launch |url=https://www.cityandstateny.com/politics/2025/01/scott-stringer-adult-room-campaign-launch/402289/ |website=City & State |date=January 17, 2025 |access-date=5 March 2025}}</ref>
On January 18, 2024, Stringer announced that he was forming an exploratory committee to determine whether he should run for mayor in the [[2025 New York City mayoral election]].<ref name="Hogan">{{Cite web |last1=Hogan |first1=Bernadette |last2=Cuza |first2=Bobby |title=Scott Stringer explores another run for mayor in 2025 |url=https://ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/news/2024/01/18/scott-stringer-explores-another-run-for-mayor-in-2025 |access-date=May 14, 2024 |website=[[NY1]] |language=en |archive-date=May 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514183620/https://ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/news/2024/01/18/scott-stringer-explores-another-run-for-mayor-in-2025 |url-status=live }}</ref> Stringer officially launched his mayoral campaign in January 2025.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ortega |first1=Ralph R. |title=Scott Stringer is 'the adult in the room' at campaign launch |url=https://www.cityandstateny.com/politics/2025/01/scott-stringer-adult-room-campaign-launch/402289/ |website=City & State |date=January 17, 2025 |access-date=March 5, 2025}}</ref>
[[File:Scott Stringer in conversation May 2025.jpg|thumb|Scott Stringer discussing issues with a person on Sunday, May 4th, 2025 at the Cortelyou Farmer's Market]]
[[File:Scott Stringer in conversation May 2025.jpg|thumb|Scott Stringer discussing issues with a person on Sunday, May 4, 2025, at the Cortelyou Farmer's Market]]


==Personal life==
==Personal life==
On September 3, 2010, Stringer married Elyse Buxbaum, an arts administrator at the time, who is the deputy director of development at [[The Jewish Museum]].<ref name="cityandstateny1"/> The couple chose to receive a marriage license in [[Connecticut]] as a statement of solidarity with [[LGBT]] couples who had not yet been given the right to [[Same-sex marriage in New York|marry in New York State]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/05/fashion/weddings/05BUXBAUM.html |title=Elyse Buxbaum and Scott Stringer |newspaper=New York Times |date=September 5, 2010 |access-date=January 28, 2020}}</ref> They have two sons, Max and Miles.<ref name="cityandstateny1"/>
On September 3, 2010, Stringer married Elyse Buxbaum, an arts administrator at the time, who is the deputy director of development at [[The Jewish Museum]].<ref name="cityandstateny1"/> The couple chose to receive a marriage license in [[Connecticut]] as a statement of solidarity with [[LGBT]] couples who had not yet been given the right to [[Same-sex marriage in New York|marry in New York State]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/05/fashion/weddings/05BUXBAUM.html |title=Elyse Buxbaum and Scott Stringer |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 5, 2010 |access-date=January 28, 2020 |archive-date=December 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210192140/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/05/fashion/weddings/05BUXBAUM.html |url-status=live }}</ref> They have two sons, Max and Miles.<ref name="cityandstateny1"/>


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:21st-century members of the New York State Legislature]]
[[Category:21st-century members of the New York State Legislature]]
[[Category:20th-century members of the New York State Legislature]]
[[Category:20th-century members of the New York State Legislature]]
[[Category:Candidates in the 2025 United States elections]]

Latest revision as of 09:23, 25 June 2025

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Scott M. Stringer (born April 29, 1960) is an American politician who served as the 44th New York City Comptroller. A Democrat, Stringer also previously served as a New York State Assemblyman, and as the 26th borough president of Manhattan.[1][2]

In 1983, Stringer became a legislative assistant to New York State Assemblyman and future United States Congressman Jerry Nadler. In 1992, he successfully ran for a seat in the New York State Assembly vacated by Nadler, covering the Upper West Side. Stringer served as New York State Assemblyman for 13 years and six terms, from 1992 until 2005, when he was elected the 26th borough president of Manhattan. He won the 2013 election to become New York City's 44th comptroller, and began serving on January 1, 2014.

Stringer was an unsuccessful candidate in the 2021[3] and in the 2025 Democratic primaries for mayor of New York City.[4]

Early life and education

Stringer is Jewish, and was born and raised in Washington Heights in Upper Manhattan.[5][6] His mother, Arlene Stringer-Cuevas, was a cousin of former U.S. Representative Bella Abzug, and served on the New York City Council before working in the New York City Human Resources Administration.[7][8][9] His father, Ronald, was counsel to former New York City Mayor Abe Beame.[7][10] His stepfather, Carlos Cuevas, was at one time the New York City clerk and a Deputy Borough President in the Bronx.[7]

Stringer attended Manhattan public schools, including PS 152, JHS 52, and John F. Kennedy High School (where he was editor of the school newspaper). When Stringer was still in high school at age 16, then-Manhattan Borough President Percy Sutton named Stringer to the Community Planning Board.[10][11] Stringer graduated from the John Jay College of Criminal Justice with a Bachelor of Arts in Government Studies in 1986.[12][13][14][15]

He has distant roots from Russia and Ireland, he has said, and his great-grandfather was from Poland.[16]

Career

In 1983, he became a legislative assistant to New York State Assemblyman, and future Congressman, Jerry Nadler. During these years, he supported Democratic candidate Governor Mario Cuomo.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

New York State Assembly

In 1992, Stringer ran for and won Nadler's New York State Assembly seat representing the Upper West Side, when Nadler replaced deceased Congressman Ted Weiss. Stringer served for 13 years and six terms in the New York State Assembly, from 1992 until 2005. During his Assembly career, Stringer served as Chairman of the Cities Committee, Chairman of the Real Property Taxation Committee, and Chairman of the Oversight, Analysis and Investigation Committee. He led the fight to end empty seat voting and reform the State Assembly's rules of operation. He authored anti-stalking legislation and was an advocate of affordable housing, and good government reform.

In 1999, Stringer was arrested at a police brutality protest outside 1 Police Plaza following the shooting of Amadou Diallo.[17] Later that year, Stringer organized a counter-rally to a Ku Klux Klan march.[17]

On August 28, 2001, Village Voice political writer Wayne Barrett wrote a piece entitled, "Mother Dearest & the Courthouse Cabal," in which he discussed Stringer's involvement in courtroom politics, specifically questioning how Stringer's parents had benefited financially from his political ties, and whether some of his campaign contributors had done unethical things.Template:Vague Barrett also raised questions about whether acting Supreme Court judge Louis York had attempted to gain Stringer's support in his bid for a full term on the court by appointing Stringer's mother nine times as a court evaluator and conservator.[18] In 2001, while a member of the Assembly, Stringer explored a run for New York City Public Advocate.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Manhattan Borough President

File:NLN Scott Stringer.jpg
Stringer in 2011

In 2005, he entered the race to succeed C. Virginia Fields as Manhattan Borough President. His candidacy was endorsed by The New York Times. In September 2005, he won the Democratic primary against 9 other candidates and was later elected in the November general election. He took office as Borough President on January 1, 2006.

Stringer issued over 40 policy reports designed to raise awareness about local issues and improve New York City. These reports have led the charge in addressing many of Manhattan's most important challenges and issues, including: increasing community input and response to development and planning projects across the borough; introducing comprehensive reform and empowerment measures to Manhattan's Community Boards; leading the fight to maintain[19] and create[20] new affordable housing units[21] and schools [22] across the borough; empowering[23] parents[24] to better participate in the public school system; investigating and recommending policy action on the city's many transportation issues;[25] and helping working families[26] and small businesses[27] access resources to become and remain self-sufficient.

Food policy

In November 2008 and December 2009 as Borough President, he hosted day-long conferences on the subject of progressive food policy. For the second conference, attended by 1,000 New Yorkers, he joined with New York University and the not-for-profit Just Food to address the impact of food on the health of New York City's people and their environment. He released several policy reports on food policy, including "Food in the Public Interest",[28] "FoodStat",[29] and "Red Tape, Green Vegetables".[30]

Bike lanes

Throughout his tenure as Borough President, Stringer supported new transportation initiatives such as bike lanes.[31] After numerous constituent complaints, in 2010 he undertook a survey, "Respect the Lane – Clear the Path", a policy report analyzing bike lane safety in Manhattan. During the course of the three-day survey, a total of 1,700 infractions were witnessed.[32] The survey found that while bike lanes have a tremendous positive impact on New York City, the lanes were being misused by all parties; pedestrians, motorists, and cyclists. Working with community leaders, elected officials, local businesses, and local residents, Stringer worked to raise awareness about bike lane safety, and recommended an "increase in protected bicycle lanes, which are separated from traffic by a physical barrier and stepped-up patrol by traffic enforcement agents to ticket scofflaws, along with better signage," among other ideas.[25][31]

Hydraulic fracturing

Stringer led the fight in New York City against hydraulic fracturing in New York State.[33] Stringer hosted many Manhattan Community Boards to discuss the potential problems associated with "fracking", such as contamination to the water supply.[33] Stringer also released a policy report in 2009, Uncalculated Risk: How Plans to Drill for Gas in Upstate New York could threaten New York City's Water System, a report highlighting the impacts of "fracking".[34]

2009 re-election

On November 6, 2008, Stringer announced his decision to seek re-election as Manhattan Borough President.[35] His Republican opponent, David Casavis, a history professor and foreign affairs writer/commentator, got 16% of the vote[36] on a platform to abolish the office.[37] In an October 5, 2009, article in City Limits, Stringer dismissed calls by Casavis and Mayor Michael Bloomberg to eliminate his office: "There are people who are going to call for the elimination of the public advocate office, borough president, the City Council. There are people who believe that we should have a king system here," says Stringer. "Borough presidents are part of a new era and a different kind of government. It has real responsibilities and it gives you a large footprint on the issues you get involved with. It's up to the individual to take advantage of that, that you might have an impact."[38]

United States Senate consideration

In Spring 2009, Stringer considered a primary challenge to incumbent U.S. Senator Kirsten Gillibrand.[39] However, he announced in May 2009 that he would not run. In his statement he said: "In light of President Obama's clear desire to avoid a Democratic primary in New York State, I have decided to focus on my re-election race for Manhattan Borough President and to suspend my exploratory committee and fund-raising efforts for the 2010 Senate race. I firmly believe that innovative thinking on issues like education and the urban environment must be joined with bedrock Democratic values on gun control and immigration if New York's interests are to be effectively represented in Washington."[40]

New York City Comptroller

2013 election

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Stringer was the Democratic nominee for New York City Comptroller in the 2013 election. He defeated former New York Governor Eliot Spitzer in the Democratic primary.[41]

Stringer was considered one of several contenders for the 2013 New York City Mayoral primary before he announced in mid-November 2012 that he would instead run for city comptroller in the 2013 election.[42] His campaign team included spokesperson Audrey Gelman,[43] advertising agency GMMB,[44] and pollster Mark Mellman.[45] Stringer was challenged by former New York Governor Eliot Spitzer in the Democratic party primary.[46] Stringer, originally thought to have the lead unopposed, trailed Spitzer in the polls until late August, when he took a two-point lead.[47][48][49] Stringer defeated Spitzer in the September 10 primary 52%–48%.[50] In the days prior to the Democratic primary, several media outlets published a piece describing Stringer's vote against legislation that stripped NAMBLA of its tax-exempt status.[51]

Tenure

In 2014, Stringer criticized the health department's response to complaints about rats in New York City as "weak", because they failed in their oversight and their inability to follow their own procedures.[52]

In November 2014, Comptroller Stringer announced an initiative, on behalf of the $160 billion New York City Pension Funds, to give long-term shareholders the right to nominate their own directors at 75 U.S. companies.[53] The "proxy access" initiative, known as the Boardroom Accountability Project, requests that these companies change their bylaws to allow shareholders who meet a threshold of owning three percent of a company for three or more years the right to list their director candidates, representing up to 25 percent of the board, on a given company's proxy. Proxy access is the ability for shareowners to nominate directors to run against a company's chosen slate of director candidates on the corporate ballot. The 75 proposals were filed based on three priority issues: climate change, board diversity and excessive CEO pay. Stringer called proxy access "the defining issue for the 2015 proxy season".[54]

2017 election

In 2017, there was no Democratic primary for the position with Stringer defeating Republican Michel Faulkner in the general election.[55]

New York City mayoral candidacies

2021 election

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". On September 8, 2020, Stringer formally announced his candidacy for Mayor of New York City. He was endorsed by a number of progressive politicians shortly after his announcement, such as Jerry Nadler, Adriano Espaillat, Jamaal Bowman, Alessandra Biaggi, Julia Salazar, Yuh-Line Niou, Jessica Ramos, and others. At his announcement, he criticized incumbent mayor de Blasio saying: "We never closed the book on a tale of two cities. If anything over the last eight years, we've written more chapters."[56][57][58]

In April and June 2021, two women accused Stringer of sexual misconduct.[59][60] Stringer denied the allegation and sued the latter woman for defamation, which was still pending as of March 2025.[61][62][63] In May 2021, City & State published an article detailing allegations of bullying by former employees of Stringer, although noting that some who were contacted disputed that characterization.[64]

Stringer finished in fifth place with 5.0% of the vote.[65]

2025 election

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On January 18, 2024, Stringer announced that he was forming an exploratory committee to determine whether he should run for mayor in the 2025 New York City mayoral election.[4] Stringer officially launched his mayoral campaign in January 2025.[66]

File:Scott Stringer in conversation May 2025.jpg
Scott Stringer discussing issues with a person on Sunday, May 4, 2025, at the Cortelyou Farmer's Market

Personal life

On September 3, 2010, Stringer married Elyse Buxbaum, an arts administrator at the time, who is the deputy director of development at The Jewish Museum.[7] The couple chose to receive a marriage license in Connecticut as a statement of solidarity with LGBT couples who had not yet been given the right to marry in New York State.[67] They have two sons, Max and Miles.[7]

References

Template:Reflist

Bibliography

External links

Template:Sister project

Template:S-endTemplate:New York City ComptrollerTemplate:Manhattan Borough President
Political offices
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/check New York City Comptroller
January 1, 2014–December 31, 2021 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/checkTemplate:Succession box/check Borough President of Manhattan
January 1, 2006–December 31, 2013 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by
Template:Error
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/checkTemplate:Succession box/check Member of the New York State Assembly
from the 67th district
January 1, 1993–December 31, 2005 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by
  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  60. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  61. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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