Henry Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch: Difference between revisions

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==Early life==
==Early life==
Henry Scott was the fourth child of five born to [[Francis Scott, Earl of Dalkeith]] (son of [[Francis Scott, 2nd Duke of Buccleuch]]), and his wife, [[Caroline Townshend, 1st Baroness Greenwich|Caroline Campbell]], and the third-born and only surviving male heir.<ref name="peerage">[[G. E. Cokayne]], [[Vicary Gibbs (St Albans MP)|Vicary Gibbs]], H. A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, ''The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant'', new ed., 1910–1959, reprint, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000, volume IV, p. 442.</ref> He was baptised on 29 September 1746 at [[St George's Hanover Square Church|St. George's Church]], [[St George Hanover Square|St George Street]], [[Hanover Square, Westminster|Hanover Square]], [[London]], [[England]].<ref name="Cokayne">G.E. Cokayne, Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 1910–1959, reprint, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000, volume II, p. 369.</ref> His father, [[Francis Scott, Earl of Dalkeith|Francis Scott]], died of smallpox at the age of 29, just one year before the death of Henry's grandfather, the 2nd Duke of Buccleuch. It was young Henry who succeeded his grandfather as [[Duke of Buccleuch]] on 22 April 1751, at the age of four.<ref name="peerage" />
Henry Scott was the fourth of five children born to [[Francis Scott, Earl of Dalkeith]] (son of [[Francis Scott, 2nd Duke of Buccleuch]]), and his wife, [[Caroline Townshend, 1st Baroness Greenwich|Caroline Campbell]], and the third-born and only surviving male heir.<ref name="peerage">[[G. E. Cokayne]], [[Vicary Gibbs (St Albans MP)|Vicary Gibbs]], H. A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, ''The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant'', new ed., 1910–1959, reprint, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000, volume IV, p. 442.</ref> He was baptised on 29 September 1746 at [[St George's Hanover Square Church|St. George's Church]], [[St George Hanover Square|St George Street]], [[Hanover Square, Westminster|Hanover Square]], [[London]], [[England]].<ref name="Cokayne">G.E. Cokayne, Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 1910–1959, reprint, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000, volume II, p. 369.</ref> His father, [[Francis Scott, Earl of Dalkeith|Francis Scott]], died of smallpox at the age of 29, just one year before the death of Henry's grandfather, the 2nd Duke of Buccleuch. Henry succeeded his grandfather as [[Duke of Buccleuch]] on 22 April 1751, at the age of four.<ref name="peerage" />


Educated at [[Eton College]],<ref name=Cokayne /> through his stepfather [[Charles Townshend]], Henry was given the opportunity to travel abroad with [[Adam Smith]] as his tutor from 1764 to 1766. The Duke remained lifelong friends with Smith and is credited with bringing him out of his shell.
Educated at [[Eton College]],<ref name=Cokayne /> through his stepfather [[Charles Townshend]], Henry was given the opportunity to travel abroad with [[Adam Smith]] as his tutor from 1764 to 1766. The Duke remained lifelong friends with Smith and is credited with bringing him out of his shell.

Latest revision as of 08:57, 25 June 2025

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File:Arms of Henry Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch.svg
Shield of arms of Henry Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch, KG, FRSE

Henry Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch and 5th Duke of Queensberry (2 September 1746Template:Snd11 January 1812) was a Scottish nobleman and long-time friend of Sir Walter Scott. He is the paternal 3rd great-grandfather of Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester, and the maternal 4th great-grandfather of Prince William of Gloucester and Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester.

Much of the family's lands and wealth were accumulated during Henry's tenure as duke. He integrated the surnames "Montagu" and "Douglas" with the Scott family name to form the unhyphenated compound surname "Montagu Douglas Scott".

Early life

Henry Scott was the fourth of five children born to Francis Scott, Earl of Dalkeith (son of Francis Scott, 2nd Duke of Buccleuch), and his wife, Caroline Campbell, and the third-born and only surviving male heir.[1] He was baptised on 29 September 1746 at St. George's Church, St George Street, Hanover Square, London, England.[2] His father, Francis Scott, died of smallpox at the age of 29, just one year before the death of Henry's grandfather, the 2nd Duke of Buccleuch. Henry succeeded his grandfather as Duke of Buccleuch on 22 April 1751, at the age of four.[1]

Educated at Eton College,[2] through his stepfather Charles Townshend, Henry was given the opportunity to travel abroad with Adam Smith as his tutor from 1764 to 1766. The Duke remained lifelong friends with Smith and is credited with bringing him out of his shell.

In 1759, the young Duke was involved in a land dispute with the Burgh of Langholm in which the town won the rights of common over Kilngreen and Common Moss.[3]

Marriage and family

On 2 May 1767, he married Lady Elizabeth Montagu,[1] the eldest daughter of Lady Mary Montagu and George (Brudenell) Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu. The couple were married in Montagu House, Whitehall, London. Elizabeth's maternal and paternal grandparents were, respectively, Sir John Montagu, 2nd Duke of Montagu and Lady Mary Churchill, and George Brudenell, 3rd Earl of Cardigan and Lady Elizabeth Bruce. Two of her maternal great-grandparents were John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough and Lady Sarah Jenyns (later Churchill).

Henry and Elizabeth had seven children together:

The origin of the Montagu Douglas Scott surname

The Montagu line

File:Lady Elizabeth Montagu, Duchess of Buccleuch and Queensberry.jpg
The Duchess of Buccleuch by Thomas Gainsborough, c. 1767.

When John Montagu, 2nd Duke of Montagu, died on 5 July 1749, his estate had been entailed to his daughter Mary, who was married to George Brudenell, 4th Earl of Cardigan. The Montagu peerages, like most English peerages, were limited to male heirs, and became extinct with Montagu's death. However, within ten days, Cardigan adopted the Montagu name and coat of arms for both himself and his two children, in order that the Montagu name should continue. Seventeen years later, in 1766, King George III created him Duke of Montagu and Marquess of Monthermer.

The first duke of the 1766 creation died on 23 May 1790—also survived only by a daughter, Elizabeth, by then Duchess of Buccleuch—and the Montagu peerages once again became extinct when Elizabeth inherited only the unentailed Montagu assets, which included Boughton House in Weekley, Northamptonshire. Like his father-in-law, Buccleuch wished to perpetuate the Montagu name, and adopted the unhyphenated surname Montagu Scott.

The Douglas line

William Douglas, 4th Duke of Queensberry never married; when he died on 23 December 1810, his peerages and entailments passed to his 2nd cousin once removed, Sir Henry Montagu Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch, through Sir Henry's grandmother, Lady Jane Douglas, Queensberry's first cousin once removed. Buccleuch then added the surname to his own, forming the unhyphenated surname Montagu Douglas Scott which the family bears to this day.

Career

File:Buccleuch3.JPG
The Duke of Buccleuch by Philip Audinet, 1798.

Buccleuch was Governor of the Royal Bank of Scotland from 1777 to 1812. He was joint founder of the Royal Society of Edinburgh and its first President, serving from 1783 until his death in 1812. He was Lord Lieutenant of Midlothian and of Haddington from 1794 to 1812.[2][7] He was also appointed a deputy lieutenant of Northamptonshire on 9 May 1803.[8]

In 1778, when Britain was threatened with invasion by France and Spain during the American War of Independence, he raised a regiment of Fencibles at Dalkeith, the South Fencible Regiment or 'Southern regiment of Fencible Men' on 10 April and commanded it as Colonel until its disbandment on 1 April 1783. In the French Revolutionary Wars he raised and commanded a Volunteer unit, the 2nd Royal Edinburgh Volunteers, from 1797 until the Scottish Militia was authorised by Parliament in 1798. He was then instructed to raise the 10th North British Militia to which (as lord-lieutenant) he appointed himself colonel. He commanded the regiment and its successor the Edinburgh (County and City) Militia, and occasionally the Scottish Militia Brigade, until his resignation in 1811.[9]

Death

Buccleuch died at Dalkeith Palace, Midlothian, Scotland, on 11 January 1812, aged 65. He was buried in the family crypt of the Buccleuch Memorial Chapel in St. Mary's Episcopal Church, Dalkeith, Midlothian.[1] The church is located on High Street in Dalkeith, at the entrance to Dalkeith Country Park.[10]

Titles, honours and awards

References

Template:Reflist

Honorary titles
New title Lord Lieutenant of Midlothian
1794–1812 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/check Lord Lieutenant of Roxburghshire
1804–1812 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by
Peerage of Scotland
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/check Duke of Buccleuch
2nd creation
1751–1812 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/check Duke of Queensberry
1810–1812 Template:S-ttl/check

Template:S-break

Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/check Baron Scott of Tyndale
(descended by acceleration)
1751–1807 Template:S-ttl/check

Template:S-end

Template:Authority control

  1. ↑ a b c d G. E. Cokayne, Vicary Gibbs, H. A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 1910–1959, reprint, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000, volume IV, p. 442.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h G.E. Cokayne, Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 1910–1959, reprint, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000, volume II, p. 369.
  3. ↑ Shrubsole, Guy (2024), The Lie of the Land: Who Really Cares for the Countryside?, William Collins, London, p. 59. Template:Isbn
  4. ↑ a b G.E. Cokayne, Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 1910–1959, reprint, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000, volume II, p. 370.
  5. ↑ a b c d e Charles Mosley, editor, Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003, volume I, p 561.
  6. ↑ Scotland, Select Marriages, 1561-1910
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Template:London Gazette
  9. ↑ Major R.C. Dudgeon, History of the Edinburgh, or Queen's Regiment Light Infantry Militia (now) Third Battalion The Royal Scots, Edinburgh: Blackwood, 1882/Bibliolife, nd, Template:ISBN, pp. 16–58, Tables A & B.
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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