Tantrum: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
ref. 1, also Fury
 
second ref. > quote in first ref.
 
Line 18: Line 18:
[[Sigmund Freud|Freud]] considered that the [[Sergei Pankejeff|Wolf Man]]'s development of temper tantrums was connected with his seduction by his sister: he became "discontented, irritable and violent, took offence on every possible occasion, and then flew into a rage and screamed like a savage".<ref>{{cite book|author=Sigmund Freud|title=Case Histories II (PFL 9) |page=242}}</ref> Freud linked the tantrums to an unconscious need for punishment driven by feelings of [[Guilt (emotion)|guilt]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Sigmund Freud|title=Case Histories II (PFL 9) |page=257}}</ref>—something which he thought could be generalised to many other cases of childhood tantrums.<ref>{{cite book|author=Sigmund Freud|title=Case Histories II (PFL 9)|pages=242 & 257–8}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=M., R.J |first=Potegal, Davidson |date=1997 |title=Young children's post tantrum affiliation with their parents |journal=  Aggressive Behavior|volume=23 |issue=5 |pages=329–341 | doi=10.1002/(SICI)1098-2337(1997)23:5<329::AID-AB3>3.0.CO;2-D |doi-access=free }}</ref>
[[Sigmund Freud|Freud]] considered that the [[Sergei Pankejeff|Wolf Man]]'s development of temper tantrums was connected with his seduction by his sister: he became "discontented, irritable and violent, took offence on every possible occasion, and then flew into a rage and screamed like a savage".<ref>{{cite book|author=Sigmund Freud|title=Case Histories II (PFL 9) |page=242}}</ref> Freud linked the tantrums to an unconscious need for punishment driven by feelings of [[Guilt (emotion)|guilt]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Sigmund Freud|title=Case Histories II (PFL 9) |page=257}}</ref>—something which he thought could be generalised to many other cases of childhood tantrums.<ref>{{cite book|author=Sigmund Freud|title=Case Histories II (PFL 9)|pages=242 & 257–8}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=M., R.J |first=Potegal, Davidson |date=1997 |title=Young children's post tantrum affiliation with their parents |journal=  Aggressive Behavior|volume=23 |issue=5 |pages=329–341 | doi=10.1002/(SICI)1098-2337(1997)23:5<329::AID-AB3>3.0.CO;2-D |doi-access=free }}</ref>


[[Heinz Kohut]] contended that tantrums were [[Narcissistic injury|rages of anger]],<ref name="I. Goldenberg, 2007 p. 172">{{cite book|author=H. Goldenberg|author2=I. Goldenberg|title=Family Therapy|date=2007|page=172}}</ref> caused by the thwarting of the infant's [[Grandiosity|grandiose]]-[[Exhibitionism|exhibitionist]] core. The blow to the inflated self-image, when a child's wishes are (however justifiably) refused, creates fury because it strikes at the feeling of [[omnipotence]].<ref name="Gambling 1974 p. 182">[[Edmund Bergler]] in J. Halliday/P. Fuller eds., ''The Psychology of Gambling'' (London 1974) p. 182</ref>
[[Heinz Kohut]] contended that tantrums were [[Narcissistic injury|rages of anger]], caused by the thwarting of the infant's [[Grandiosity|grandiose]]-[[Exhibitionism|exhibitionist]] core.<ref name="I. Goldenberg, 2007 p. 172">{{cite book |author=H. Goldenberg |title=Family Therapy |author2=I. Goldenberg |date= |year=2007 |page= |pages=172 |quote=Heinz Kohut contended that "the baby’s core is likely to contain a self-centered, grandiose-exhibitionist part", and that "tantrums at being frustrated thus represent [[narcissistic]] rages" at the blow to the inflated self-image.}}</ref> The blow to the inflated self-image, when a child's wishes are (however justifiably) refused, creates fury because it strikes at the feeling of [[omnipotence]].<ref name="Gambling 1974 p. 182">[[Edmund Bergler]] in J. Halliday/P. Fuller eds., ''The Psychology of Gambling'' (London 1974) p. 182: With "a child confronted with some refusal ... regardless of its justifications, the refusal automatically provokes fury, since it offends his sense of [[omnipotence]]".</ref>


[[Jealousy]] over the birth of a [[Sibling rivalry|sibling]], and resulting aggression,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=J., H.A. |first=Kagan, Moss |date=1962 |title=The stability of behavior: II. Aggression. In J. Kagan & H. A. Moss, Birth to maturity: A study in psychological development |url=https://doi.org/10.1037/13129-004 |journal=Birth to Maturity: A Study in Psychological Development |publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |pages=85–119|doi=10.1037/13129-004 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> may also provoke [[Passive-aggressive behavior|negativistic]] tantrums, as the effort at controlling the feelings overloads the child's system of self-regulation.<ref>{{cite book|author=Selma H. Fraiberg|title=The Magic Years|date=1987|page=152}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|first=Tracy A.|last=Dennis|date=2006|title=Emotional self-regulation in preschoolers: The interplay approach reactivity, and control capacities|journal=Developmental Psychology|volume=42|issue=1|pages=84–97|doi=10.1037/0012-1649.42.1.84|pmid=16420120|s2cid=14692506}}</ref>
[[Jealousy]] over the birth of a [[Sibling rivalry|sibling]], and resulting aggression,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=J., H.A. |first=Kagan, Moss |date=1962 |title=The stability of behavior: II. Aggression. In J. Kagan & H. A. Moss, Birth to maturity: A study in psychological development |url=https://doi.org/10.1037/13129-004 |journal=Birth to Maturity: A Study in Psychological Development |publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |pages=85–119|doi=10.1037/13129-004 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> may also provoke [[Passive-aggressive behavior|negativistic]] tantrums, as the effort at controlling the feelings overloads the child's system of self-regulation.<ref>{{cite book|author=Selma H. Fraiberg|title=The Magic Years|date=1987|page=152}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|first=Tracy A.|last=Dennis|date=2006|title=Emotional self-regulation in preschoolers: The interplay approach reactivity, and control capacities|journal=Developmental Psychology|volume=42|issue=1|pages=84–97|doi=10.1037/0012-1649.42.1.84|pmid=16420120|s2cid=14692506}}</ref>
Line 24: Line 24:
==In later life==
==In later life==
Writer [[William Makepeace Thackeray]] claimed that in later life "you may tell a tantrum as far as you can see one, by the distressed and dissatisfied expression of its countenance—'Tantrumical', if we may term it so".<ref>{{cite book|author=William Makepeace Thackeray|title=The Irish Sketch Book|url=https://archive.org/details/irishsketchbook01thacgoog|date=1848|page=[https://archive.org/details/irishsketchbook01thacgoog/page/n158 138]|publisher=J. Winchester }}</ref>
Writer [[William Makepeace Thackeray]] claimed that in later life "you may tell a tantrum as far as you can see one, by the distressed and dissatisfied expression of its countenance—'Tantrumical', if we may term it so".<ref>{{cite book|author=William Makepeace Thackeray|title=The Irish Sketch Book|url=https://archive.org/details/irishsketchbook01thacgoog|date=1848|page=[https://archive.org/details/irishsketchbook01thacgoog/page/n158 138]|publisher=J. Winchester }}</ref>
[[Heinz Kohut]] contended that "the baby’s core is likely to contain a self-centered, [[Grandiosity|grandiose]]-exhibitionist part", and that "tantrums at being frustrated thus represent [[Narcissistic injury|narcissistic rages]]"<ref name="I. Goldenberg, 2007 p. 172"/> at the blow to the inflated self-image. With "a child confronted with some refusal ... regardless of its justifications, the refusal automatically provokes fury, since it offends his sense of [[omnipotence]]".<ref name="Gambling 1974 p. 182"/>


The willingness of the [[celebrity culture|celebrity]] to throw tantrums whenever thwarted to the least degree<ref>Cooper Lawrence, ''The Cult of Celebrity'' (2009) p. 72</ref> is a kind of [[acquired situational narcissism]]<ref>Simon Crompton, ''All About Me'' (London 2007) p. 176</ref> or tantrumical behavior.
The willingness of the [[celebrity culture|celebrity]] to throw tantrums whenever thwarted to the least degree<ref>Cooper Lawrence, ''The Cult of Celebrity'' (2009) p. 72</ref> is a kind of [[acquired situational narcissism]]<ref>Simon Crompton, ''All About Me'' (London 2007) p. 176</ref> or tantrumical behavior.

Latest revision as of 23:47, 20 June 2025

Template:Short description Script error: No such module "other uses".

File:Dante Gabriel Rossetti - Christina Rossetti in a Tantrum.jpg
"Christina Rossetti in a Tantrum" by her brother, Dante Gabriel Rossetti

A tantrum, angry outburst, temper tantrum, lash out, (autistic) meltdown, fit of anger, or hissy fit is an emotional outburst,[1][2][3] usually associated with those in emotional distress. It is typically characterized by stubbornness, crying, screaming, violence,[4] defiance,[5] angry ranting, a resistance to attempts at pacification, and in some cases, hitting and other physically violent behavior. Physical control may be lost; the person may be unable to remain still; and even if the "goal" of the person is met, they may not be calmed. Throwing a temper tantrum may lead to a child getting detention or being suspended from school for older school age children, and could result in a timeout or grounding, complete with room or corner time, at home.[6][7][8][9][10][11] A tantrum may be expressed in a tirade: a protracted, angry speech.[6][7][12]

In early childhood

Tantrums are one of the most common forms of problematic behavior in young children but tend to decrease in frequency and intensity as the child gets older.[13] For a toddler, tantrums can be considered as normal, and even as gauges of developing strength of character.[14][15][16]

File:گریه کردن دختر بچه Cry baby girl 08.jpg
Child having a tantrum

While tantrums are sometimes seen as a predictor of future anti-social behavior,[17] in another sense they are simply an age-appropriate sign of excessive frustration,[18] and will diminish over time given a calm and consistent handling.[19][20][21] Parental containment where a child cannot contain themself—rather than what the child is ostensibly demanding—may be what is really required.[22]

Selma Fraiberg warned against "too much pressure or forceful methods of control from the outside" in child-rearing: "if we turn every instance of pants changing, treasure hunting, napping, puddle wading and garbage distribution into a governmental crisis we can easily bring on fierce defiance, tantrums, and all the fireworks of revolt in the nursery".[23]

Intellectual and developmental disorders

Some people who have developmental disorders such as autism, Asperger syndrome, ADHD, and intellectual disability[24] or even a developmental disability, could be more vulnerable to tantrums than others, although anyone experiencing brain damage (temporary or permanent) can suffer from tantrums.[25] Anyone may be prone to tantrums once in a while, regardless of gender or age.[26][27] However, a meltdown due to sensory overload (which even non-autistic children can experience) is not the same as a temper tantrum.[28]

Aberrations

File:Tantrums vs. meltdowns.webm
A Welsh Government video explaining the difference between tantrums and meltdowns

Freud considered that the Wolf Man's development of temper tantrums was connected with his seduction by his sister: he became "discontented, irritable and violent, took offence on every possible occasion, and then flew into a rage and screamed like a savage".[29] Freud linked the tantrums to an unconscious need for punishment driven by feelings of guilt[30]—something which he thought could be generalised to many other cases of childhood tantrums.[31][32]

Heinz Kohut contended that tantrums were rages of anger, caused by the thwarting of the infant's grandiose-exhibitionist core.[33] The blow to the inflated self-image, when a child's wishes are (however justifiably) refused, creates fury because it strikes at the feeling of omnipotence.[34]

Jealousy over the birth of a sibling, and resulting aggression,[35] may also provoke negativistic tantrums, as the effort at controlling the feelings overloads the child's system of self-regulation.[36][37]

In later life

Writer William Makepeace Thackeray claimed that in later life "you may tell a tantrum as far as you can see one, by the distressed and dissatisfied expression of its countenance—'Tantrumical', if we may term it so".[38]

The willingness of the celebrity to throw tantrums whenever thwarted to the least degree[39] is a kind of acquired situational narcissism[40] or tantrumical behavior.

If older people show tantrums, they might often be signs of immaturity or a mental or developmental disability; and often autistic or ADHD meltdowns are incorrectly labelled tantrums. It can also occur in neurotypical people under extreme stress.[41]

See also

References

Template:Reflist

External links

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Edmund Bergler in J. Halliday/P. Fuller eds., The Psychology of Gambling (London 1974) p. 182: With "a child confronted with some refusal ... regardless of its justifications, the refusal automatically provokes fury, since it offends his sense of omnipotence".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Cooper Lawrence, The Cult of Celebrity (2009) p. 72
  40. ↑ Simon Crompton, All About Me (London 2007) p. 176
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
Retrieved from "http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?title=Tantrum&oldid=2056406"