Vaishno Devi: Difference between revisions
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{{For|the temple|Vaishno Devi Temple}} | {{For|the temple|Vaishno Devi Temple}} | ||
{{Multiple issues| | {{Multiple issues| | ||
{{POV|date=October 2023}} | |||
{{Copyediting|date=October 2023}} | |||
{{More citations needed|date=February 2024}} | {{More citations needed|date=February 2024}} | ||
{{Original research|date=February 2024}} | |||
{{Unreliable sources|date=February 2024}} | {{Unreliable sources|date=February 2024}} | ||
}}{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}} | }} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}} | |||
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}} | {{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}} | ||
{{Infobox deity | {{Infobox deity | ||
| abode = [[Vaishno Devi Temple]], [[Katra, Jammu and Kashmir|Katra]], [[India]] | | abode = [[Vaishno Devi Temple]], [[Katra, Jammu and Kashmir|Katra]], [[India]] | ||
| type = | | type = hindu | ||
| father = King Ratnākara | | father = King Ratnākara | ||
| mother = Queen Samṛddhi | | mother = Queen Samṛddhi | ||
| image = | | image = File:Vaishno devi.jpg | ||
| name = Vaishno Devi | | name = Vaishno Devi | ||
| affiliation = [[Mahadevi]], [[Durga]], [[Mahakali]], [[Mahalakshmi]], [[Mahasaraswati|Mahasarasvati]] | | affiliation = [[Mahadevi]], [[Durga]], [[Mahakali]], [[Mahalakshmi]], [[Mahasaraswati|Mahasarasvati]] | ||
| caption = Inside view of the Holy Cave, the 3 [[Pindi (Hindu iconography)|Pindis]]; Mahakali, Mahalakshmi and Mahasarasvati | | caption = Inside view of the Holy Cave, the 3 [[Pindi (Hindu iconography)|Pindis]]; Mahakali, Mahalakshmi and Mahasarasvati | ||
| mount = | | mount = Lion | ||
| Devanagari = वैष्णो देवी | | Devanagari = वैष्णो देवी | ||
| other_names = Vaishnavi, Mata Rani, Ambe, Trikuta, Sheravali, Jyotavali, Pahadavali, Durga | | other_names = Vaishnavi, Mata Rani, Ambe, Trikuta, Sheravali, Jyotavali, Pahadavali, Durga, Bhagavati, Jagdamba, Lakshmi, Vishnumaya, Vishnupriya, Vishnushakti, Maniki, Sukriti | ||
| deity_of = Mother Goddess; Goddess of hills | | deity_of = Mother Goddess; Goddess of hills | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Vaishno Devi''' (also known as Mata Rani, Trikuta, Ambe and Vaishnavi) is | '''Vaishno Devi''' (also known as '''Mata Rani''', '''Trikuta''', '''Ambe''' and '''Vaishnavi''') is an unmarried form of the Hindu mother goddess [[Lakshmi]], with the tattvas of [[Saraswati|Sarasvati]] and [[Kali]] present within her.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Veda Vyasa |url=http://archive.org/details/toaz.info-varaha-purana-unabridged-motilal-englishpdf-pr_e1d9a18739bfe3dd54249588e67c9ece |title=The Varaha Purana in English}}</ref> Vaishno Devi is worshipped as a combined [[avatar]] of the goddesses [[Mahakali]], [[Mahalakshmi]], and [[Mahasaraswati|Mahasarasvati]]. Additionally, she is seen as the potency of [[Hari]] or [[Vishnu]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2018-11-09 |title=The exalted magnificence of Gaurī and Śiva [Chapter 4] |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/shiva-purana-english/d/doc226676.html |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref> | ||
== Origin == | == Origin == | ||
=== Purāṇa === | === Purāṇa === | ||
In the [[Varaha Purana|Varāha | According to [[Mahabhagavata Purana|''Mahābhāgavata Upapurāṇa'']] (23.44b-45), she is mentioned as "Viṣṇupriyā".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dēvī Mahābhāgavata Purāṇa |date=4 March 1975 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.404138/mode/2up}}</ref> | ||
In the [[Varaha Purana|''Varāha Mahāpurāṇa'']]'s Triśakti Māhātmya, she originated from the Lakṣmī bhāga (portion) of Goddess '''Trikalā''' (the goddess who was born from Trimūrtis) and slayed an asura called [[Mahishasura|Mahiṣāsura]] on Śataśṛṅga Parvata where the current Trikūṭa Dhāma of Vaiṣṇōdēvī is situated.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Veda Vyasa |url=http://archive.org/details/toaz.info-varaha-purana-unabridged-motilal-englishpdf-pr_e1d9a18739bfe3dd54249588e67c9ece |title=The Varaha Purana in English}}</ref> (Disclaimer: this event is of a separate [[Kalpa (time)|Kalpa]] – Mānava Kalpa – and not of our Śvēta Varāha Kalpa). The ''[[Naradiya Purana|Nārada Mahāpurāṇa]]'' (1.103.1-3) <ref>{{Cite book |last=J. L. Shastri |first=G. V. Tagare |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12976 |title=The Narada-Purana, Part 4 |date=1952 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass}}</ref> and ''[[Matsya Purana|Matsya Mahāpurāṇa]]'' (53.38-40) <ref>{{Cite book |last=Veda Vyasa |url=http://archive.org/details/pdfcoffee.com_matsya-purana--4-pdf-free |title=Matsya Purana in English PDF - Volumes 1 and 2}}</ref> clarify that the ''Varāha Mahāpurāṇa''{{'}}s events take place during the Mānava Kalpa. | |||
=== Pāñcarātra === | === Pāñcarātra === | ||
The Lakṣmīnārāyaṇa Saṃhitā's Kṛtayuga Santāna and Dvāparayuga Santāna calls her "Māṇikī", the Śakti of Kalki, as she resides on Māṇika Parvata.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date= | The ''Lakṣmīnārāyaṇa Saṃhitā'' (1.4.22-25) mentions the Triśaktis (Brāhmī, Vaiṣṇavī, and Raudrī) of the ''Varāha Mahāpurāṇa'' and when describing Vaiṣṇavī, directly calls her "Viṣṇuśakti" and "Lakṣmī". It also says that '''only because of her [[Vishnu|Viṣṇu]] is able to preserve, making it clear that she's a form of [[Lakshmi|Lakṣmī]].''' This event is directly mentioned during the beginning of creation during Kṛta Yuga where the Tridēvas’ Prakṛtis are introduced. This is in the exact same manner as the ''Varāha'' ''Mahāpurāṇa'' notates. Vaiṣṇavī directly is stated here as Lakṣmī.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Svetayana Vyasa |url=http://archive.org/details/lakShmInArAyaNasaMhitA1 |title=lakShmInArAyaNasaMhitA1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2021-01-28 |title=Lakshminarayana Samhita Verse 1.4.25 [Sanskrit text] |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/lakshminarayana-samhita-sanskrit/d/doc502414.html |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref> | ||
The ''Lakṣmīnārāyaṇa Saṃhitā''{{'}}s Kṛtayuga Santāna (1.334.53) <ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2021-01-28 |title=Lakshminarayana Samhita Verse 1.334.53 [Sanskrit text] |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/lakshminarayana-samhita-sanskrit/d/doc531383.html |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref> and Dvāparayuga Santāna (3.237.154) <ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2021-01-28 |title=Lakshminarayana Samhita Verse 3.237.154 [Sanskrit text] |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/lakshminarayana-samhita-sanskrit/d/doc616743.html |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref> calls her "Māṇikī", the Śakti of Kalki, as she resides on Māṇika Parvata (another name of Trikūṭa). | |||
She is mentioned in the ''[[Garga Samhita (Vaishnavite text)|Garga Saṃhitā]]'' (5.15.33b) as "Sukṛti", the Śakti and future consort of Lord [[Kalki]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2022-07-16 |title=Verse 5.15.33 [Garga Samhita] |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/garga-samhita-english/d/doc1125814.html#:~:text=English%20translation%20of%20verse%205.15,by%20which%20He%20bewilders%20them. |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref> | |||
[[File:Houses and Shops located in Katra, Jammu and Kashmir.jpg|alt=|thumb|A view of Vaishno Devi Bhawan]] | [[File:Houses and Shops located in Katra, Jammu and Kashmir.jpg|alt=|thumb|A view of Vaishno Devi Bhawan]] | ||
== | ==Pilgrimage route== | ||
It is said that when | Professor and author Manohar Sajnani says, According to Hindu beliefs, the original abode of Vaishno Devi was Ardha Kunwari, a place about halfway between Katra town and the cave. She meditated in the cave for 9 months just like how a baby stays in its mother's womb for 9 months.<ref>{{cite book |author=Manohar Sajnani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vdMNBxOsvrUC |title=Encyclopaedia of Tourism Resources in India, Volume 1 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |year=2001 |isbn=9788178350172 |page=158}}</ref> It is said that when Bhairav Nath ran after Vaishno Devi to catch her. The Devi reached near a cave in the hill, she called up [[Hanuman]] and told him that "I would do penance in this cave for nine months, till then you should not allow Bhairav Nath to enter the cave." Hanuman obeyed the mother's orders. Bhairavnath was kept outside this cave and today this holy cave is known as 'Ardha Kunwari'.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Virodai |first1=Yashodhara |date=5 October 2017 |title=Story of Mata Vaishnodevi |url=https://www.newstrend.news/74146/mythological-story-of-vaishno-devi-and-supernatural-power-of-temle/ |access-date=5 June 2021 |website=newstrend.news |publisher=Newstrend Network Communication Pvt Ltd |language=Hindi}}</ref> | ||
==Temple== | ==Temple== | ||
{{Main|Vaishno Devi Temple}} | {{Main|Vaishno Devi Temple}} | ||
[[File:Vaishno Devi Bhavan.jpg|thumb|right|The Vaishno Devi temple in 2008]] | [[File:Vaishno Devi Bhavan.jpg|thumb|right|The Vaishno Devi temple in 2008]] | ||
The Vaishno Devi Temple is | The '''Vaishno Devi Temple''' is an important [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to Vaishno Devi located in [[Katra, Jammu and Kashmir|Katra]] at the [[Trikuta Mountains]] within the Indian [[Union territory]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (Union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Indian Himalaya: Story of a 100 Visits|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nHZ5CwAAQBAJ|page=47|first=Kirit|last=Rindani|publisher=Partridge Publishing|year=2016|isbn=978-1482858860}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Discovering the Himalaya, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kusLzP8H6TQC|page=429|author=S. S. Negi|publisher=Indus Publishing|year=1998|isbn = 9788173870798}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Mountains of the God|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K5AaI2PhiV8C|page=15|author=Kuldip Singh Gulia|publisher=Gyan Publishing House|year=2007|isbn = 9788182054202}}</ref> The temple is one of the 108 [[Shakti Peethas]] dedicated to [[Durga]], who is worshipped as Vaishno Devi.<ref>{{cite web|title=Famous Durga temples in India for religiously inclined souls|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/famous-durga-temples-in-india-for-religiously-inclined-souls/as51743858.cms|publisher=Times of India|date=5 April 2019}}</ref> It is one of the most visited pilgrimage centers of India. Every year millions of visitors visit the temple.<ref>{{cite news|title=Vaishno Devi pilgrim footfall in 2019 lowest in 3 years: Shrine Board|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/vaishno-devi-footfall-in-2019-lowest-in-3-years-shrine-board-120010200678_1.html|newspaper=Business Standard|date=2 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Vaishno Devi likely to receive 8.5 mn pilgrims by Dec 31; highest in 5 yrs|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/vaishno-devi-likely-to-receive-8-5-mn-pilgrims-by-dec-31-highest-in-5-yrs-118122900321_1.html|newspaper=Business Standard|date=29 December 2018}}</ref> During festivals like [[Navaratri]], the count even increases to one crore visitors.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/vaishno-devi-bhairav-mandir-ropeway-service-starts-from-today/as67227545.cms|title=Vaishno Devi-Bhairav Mandir ropeway service starts from today|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=2018-12-25}}</ref> Vaishno Devi Temple is one of the richest temples in India. Authors Michael Barnett and Janice Gross Stein says, "Mata Vaishno Devi Shrine in Jammu has an annual income of about $16 billion, mainly from offerings by devotees".<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L3NpAgAAQBAJ|title=Sacred Aid: Faith and Humanitarianism|page=140|author1=Michael Barnett|author2=Janice Gross Stein|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=3 July 2012|isbn=978-0199916030}}</ref> | ||
The temple is sacred to all Hindus. Many prominent saints such as [[Vivekananda]] have visited the temple.<ref>{{cite book|title=Jammu and Kashmir: Charting a Future|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iEhuAAAAMAAJ|author1=Dipankar Banerjee|author2=D. Suba Chandran|publisher=Saṁskṛiti|year=2005|page=61|isbn = 9788187374442}}</ref> | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* ''[[Jag Janani Maa Vaishno Devi - Kahani Mata Rani Ki]]'' | * ''[[Jag Janani Maa Vaishno Devi - Kahani Mata Rani Ki]]'' | ||
* [[ | * [[Jhandewalan Temple]] | ||
* [[Vaishnodevi Temple, Rourkela]] | * [[Vaishnodevi Temple, Rourkela]] | ||
* [[Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University]] | * [[Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University]] | ||
| Line 54: | Line 64: | ||
https://www.maavaishnavi.com/51-shakti-peethas-of-maa-durga-maa-sati-dakshayani/ | https://www.maavaishnavi.com/51-shakti-peethas-of-maa-durga-maa-sati-dakshayani/ | ||
== External links == | ==External links== | ||
{{Wikivoyage}} | {{Wikivoyage}} | ||
* [https://www.maavaishnodevi.org/introduction.aspx Maa Vaishno Devi Shrine Board] | * [https://www.maavaishnodevi.org/introduction.aspx Maa Vaishno Devi Shrine Board] | ||
{{Hindu Temples in Jammu and Kashmir}} | {{Hindu Temples in Jammu and Kashmir}} | ||
{{Authority control}} | {{Authority control}} | ||
[[Category:Caves of Jammu and Kashmir]] | |||
[[Category:Hindu cave temples in India]] | |||
[[Category:Hindu goddesses]] | [[Category:Hindu goddesses]] | ||
[[Category:Hindu temples in Jammu and Kashmir]] | [[Category:Hindu temples in Jammu and Kashmir]] | ||
[[Category:Hindu pilgrimage sites in India]] | [[Category:Hindu pilgrimage sites in India]] | ||
[[Category:Katra, Jammu and Kashmir]] | |||
[[Category:Shakti temples]] | [[Category:Shakti temples]] | ||
Latest revision as of 00:25, 1 July 2025
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Distinguish". Script error: No such module "For". Template:Multiple issues Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use Indian English Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Wikidata imageTemplate:Compare image with Wikidata
Vaishno Devi (also known as Mata Rani, Trikuta, Ambe and Vaishnavi) is an unmarried form of the Hindu mother goddess Lakshmi, with the tattvas of Sarasvati and Kali present within her.[1] Vaishno Devi is worshipped as a combined avatar of the goddesses Mahakali, Mahalakshmi, and Mahasarasvati. Additionally, she is seen as the potency of Hari or Vishnu.[2]
Origin
Purāṇa
According to Mahābhāgavata Upapurāṇa (23.44b-45), she is mentioned as "Viṣṇupriyā".[3]
In the Varāha Mahāpurāṇa's Triśakti Māhātmya, she originated from the Lakṣmī bhāga (portion) of Goddess Trikalā (the goddess who was born from Trimūrtis) and slayed an asura called Mahiṣāsura on Śataśṛṅga Parvata where the current Trikūṭa Dhāma of Vaiṣṇōdēvī is situated.[4] (Disclaimer: this event is of a separate Kalpa – Mānava Kalpa – and not of our Śvēta Varāha Kalpa). The Nārada Mahāpurāṇa (1.103.1-3) [5] and Matsya Mahāpurāṇa (53.38-40) [6] clarify that the Varāha MahāpurāṇaTemplate:'s events take place during the Mānava Kalpa.
Pāñcarātra
The Lakṣmīnārāyaṇa Saṃhitā (1.4.22-25) mentions the Triśaktis (Brāhmī, Vaiṣṇavī, and Raudrī) of the Varāha Mahāpurāṇa and when describing Vaiṣṇavī, directly calls her "Viṣṇuśakti" and "Lakṣmī". It also says that only because of her Viṣṇu is able to preserve, making it clear that she's a form of Lakṣmī. This event is directly mentioned during the beginning of creation during Kṛta Yuga where the Tridēvas’ Prakṛtis are introduced. This is in the exact same manner as the Varāha Mahāpurāṇa notates. Vaiṣṇavī directly is stated here as Lakṣmī.[7][8]
The Lakṣmīnārāyaṇa SaṃhitāTemplate:'s Kṛtayuga Santāna (1.334.53) [9] and Dvāparayuga Santāna (3.237.154) [10] calls her "Māṇikī", the Śakti of Kalki, as she resides on Māṇika Parvata (another name of Trikūṭa).
She is mentioned in the Garga Saṃhitā (5.15.33b) as "Sukṛti", the Śakti and future consort of Lord Kalki.[11]
Pilgrimage route
Professor and author Manohar Sajnani says, According to Hindu beliefs, the original abode of Vaishno Devi was Ardha Kunwari, a place about halfway between Katra town and the cave. She meditated in the cave for 9 months just like how a baby stays in its mother's womb for 9 months.[12] It is said that when Bhairav Nath ran after Vaishno Devi to catch her. The Devi reached near a cave in the hill, she called up Hanuman and told him that "I would do penance in this cave for nine months, till then you should not allow Bhairav Nath to enter the cave." Hanuman obeyed the mother's orders. Bhairavnath was kept outside this cave and today this holy cave is known as 'Ardha Kunwari'.[13]
Temple
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The Vaishno Devi Temple is an important Hindu temple dedicated to Vaishno Devi located in Katra at the Trikuta Mountains within the Indian Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.[14][15][16] The temple is one of the 108 Shakti Peethas dedicated to Durga, who is worshipped as Vaishno Devi.[17] It is one of the most visited pilgrimage centers of India. Every year millions of visitors visit the temple.[18][19] During festivals like Navaratri, the count even increases to one crore visitors.[20] Vaishno Devi Temple is one of the richest temples in India. Authors Michael Barnett and Janice Gross Stein says, "Mata Vaishno Devi Shrine in Jammu has an annual income of about $16 billion, mainly from offerings by devotees".[21]
The temple is sacred to all Hindus. Many prominent saints such as Vivekananda have visited the temple.[22]
See also
- Jag Janani Maa Vaishno Devi - Kahani Mata Rani Ki
- Jhandewalan Temple
- Vaishnodevi Temple, Rourkela
- Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University
References
Template:Reflist https://www.maavaishnavi.com/51-shakti-peethas-of-maa-durga-maa-sati-dakshayani/
External links
Template:Hindu Temples in Jammu and Kashmir
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