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{{short description| | {{short description|Javanese pen-like tool for batik-making process}} | ||
{{Other|Canting (disambiguation)}} | |||
{{for|the heraldic term|Canting arms}} | {{for|the heraldic term|Canting arms}} | ||
{{Infobox tool | {{Infobox tool | ||
| name = {{lang| | | name = {{lang|jv|Canting}}{{Script|Java|ꦕꦤ꧀ꦛꦶꦁ}} | ||
| image = File:Tjanting.jpg | | image = File:Tjanting.jpg | ||
| image size = 300px | | image size = 300px | ||
| caption = Canting used in the [[batik]]-making process | | caption = Canting used in the [[batik]]-making process | ||
| alt = | | alt = | ||
| title = | | title = Canting | ||
| other_name = | | other_name = {{lang|jvd|tjanting}} {{in lang|jvd}} | ||
| classification = | | classification = | ||
| types = {{lang|jv|Rengreng, Isen, Cecek, Klowong, Tembokan, Cecekan, Loron, Telon, Prapatan, Liman, Byok, Galaran}} | | types = {{lang|jv|Rengreng, Isen, Cecek, Klowong, Tembokan, Cecekan, Loron, Telon, Prapatan, Liman, Byok, Galaran}} | ||
| used_with = [[Wax]], [[Batik]] | | used_with = [[Wax]], [[Batik]] | ||
| inventor = [[Javanese people|Javanese]]<ref>{{cite book |last1= Tirta|first1=Iwan|last2= Steen|first2=Gareth L. |last3= Urso|first3=Deborah M. |last4=Alisjahbana|first4=Mario |date=1996 |title=Batik: A Play of Lights and Shades|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=MZAiSAAACAAJ |location= |publisher=Gaya Favorit Press |volume=1 |isbn=978-979-515-313-9}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Ratna |first=Roostika |date=2019 |title=TERRITORIAL MARKETING AND COLLECTIVE BRANDING TO SUPPORT REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT: A STUDY OF SMEs BATIK INDUSTRY | | inventor = [[Javanese people|Javanese]]<ref>{{cite book |last1= Tirta|first1=Iwan|last2= Steen|first2=Gareth L. |last3= Urso|first3=Deborah M. |last4=Alisjahbana|first4=Mario |date=1996 |title=Batik: A Play of Lights and Shades|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=MZAiSAAACAAJ |location= |publisher=Gaya Favorit Press |volume=1 |isbn=978-979-515-313-9}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Ratna |first=Roostika |date=2019 |title=TERRITORIAL MARKETING AND COLLECTIVE BRANDING TO SUPPORT REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT: A STUDY OF SMEs BATIK INDUSTRY |journal= Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences|volume=90 |issue=6 |pages= 97–106|doi=10.18551/rjoas.2019-06.14 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Akhir |first1= Noor Haslina Mohamad |last2=Ismail|first2=Normaz Wana|last3=Said|first3=Rusmawati|last4=Ranjanee|first4=Shivee|last5=Kaliappan|first5=P|chapter= Traditional Craftsmanship: The Origin, Culture, and Challenges of Batik Industry in Malaysia |date=2015 |title=Islamic perspectives relating to business, arts, culture and communication|chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-287-429-0_22 |volume= |pages= 229–237|doi=10.1007/978-981-287-429-0_22 |isbn= 978-981-287-428-3 |access-date= 4 February 2021|chapter-url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Lee |first=Thienny |date=2016 |title=Defining the Aesthetics of the Nyonyas' Batik Sarongs in the Straits Settlements, Late Nineteenth to Early Twentieth Century |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10357823.2016.1162137 |journal=Asian Studies Review |volume= 40|issue=2 |pages= 173–191|doi=10.1080/10357823.2016.1162137|s2cid=147124182 |access-date=4 February 2021|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Baasanjargal |first1=Tsolmonchimeg |last2=Soon-Joo |first2=Ahn|last3=Mi-Jeong|first3= Kwon|date=2019 |title=인도네시아 바틱전통 패턴의 비교 분석 : 자바섬의 족자카르타와 페칼롱간의 패턴을 중심으로 [Comparative Analysis of Indonesian Batik Traditional Patterns: Focused on Patterns of Yogyakarta and Pekalongan in Java Island] |url=https://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE09220284 |journal=한복문화 |volume=22 |issue= 3|doi= 10.16885/jktc.2019.09.22.3.75|pages=75–91 |s2cid=210612600 |access-date=4 February 2021|url-access=subscription }}</ref> | ||
| manufacturer = [[ | | manufacturer = [[Javanese people|Javanese]] (part of [[Native Indonesians]], [[Java]]-origin) | ||
| model = | | model = | ||
| related = [[File:Batik Making Tools.jpg|left|thumb|The batik making tools displayed at [[National Museum of Indonesia]], [[Jakarta]]. From center top: {{lang|id|canting}} a fine tool to apply wax; from left to right: wooden brush with coconut fibre hair, Iron calipers for measuring, also calipers, tongs, hammer, and file.]]}} | | related = [[File:Batik Making Tools.jpg|left|thumb|The batik making tools displayed at [[National Museum of Indonesia]], [[Jakarta]]. From center top: {{lang|id|canting}} a fine tool to apply wax; from left to right: wooden brush with coconut fibre hair, Iron calipers for measuring, also calipers, tongs, hammer, and file.]]}} | ||
'''''{{lang| | '''''{{lang|jv|Canting}}''''' ({{IPAc|en|t͡ʃɑntɪŋ}}, {{ety|jv|ꦕꦤ꧀ꦛꦶꦁ, canṭing}}; {{langx|jvd|tjanting}}) is a [[pen]]-like tool used to apply liquid hot [[wax]] ({{lang|jv|malam}}) in the traditional native Javan [[batik]]-making process in Indonesian island of [[Java]] (mainly and originally), more precisely for the {{lang|id|[[batik tulis]]}} ({{lit|hand-crafted batik}}). Traditional {{lang|jv|Canting}} consists of copper wax-container with small pipe spout and [[bamboo]] handle. It is commonly made of [[copper]], bronze, zinc or iron materials, as well as [[teflon]] in modern-days. | ||
==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
| Line 26: | Line 26: | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De man links gebruikt en cap om was aan te brengen. De vrouw rechts hanteert een canting. Het cappen wordt gewoonlijk door mannen gedaan vrouwen hanteren uitsluiten de canting. Java TMnr 60037917.jpg|right|thumb|Daily [[batik]] industry life in [[Java]] {{circa}} 1900]] | [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De man links gebruikt en cap om was aan te brengen. De vrouw rechts hanteert een canting. Het cappen wordt gewoonlijk door mannen gedaan vrouwen hanteren uitsluiten de canting. Java TMnr 60037917.jpg|right|thumb|Daily [[batik]] industry life in [[Java]] {{circa}} 1900]] | ||
''Canting'' is originated in [[Java]] and invented by the [[Javanese people|Javanese]],<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ratna |first=Roostika |date=2019 |title=TERRITORIAL MARKETING AND COLLECTIVE BRANDING TO SUPPORT REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT: A STUDY OF SMEs BATIK INDUSTRY | ''Canting'' is originated in [[Java]] and invented by the [[Javanese people|Javanese]],<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ratna |first=Roostika |date=2019 |title=TERRITORIAL MARKETING AND COLLECTIVE BRANDING TO SUPPORT REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT: A STUDY OF SMEs BATIK INDUSTRY |journal= Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences|volume=90 |issue=6 |pages= 97–106|doi=10.18551/rjoas.2019-06.14 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Akhir |first1= Noor Haslina Mohamad |last2=Ismail|first2=Normaz Wana|last3=Said|first3=Rusmawati|last4=Ranjanee|first4=Shivee|last5=Kaliappan|first5=P|chapter= Traditional Craftsmanship: The Origin, Culture, and Challenges of Batik Industry in Malaysia |date=2015 |title=Islamic perspectives relating to business, arts, culture and communication|chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-287-429-0_22 |volume= |pages= 229–237|doi=10.1007/978-981-287-429-0_22 |isbn= 978-981-287-428-3 |access-date= 4 February 2021|chapter-url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Lee |first=Thienny |date=2016 |title=Defining the Aesthetics of the Nyonyas' Batik Sarongs in the Straits Settlements, Late Nineteenth to Early Twentieth Century |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10357823.2016.1162137 |journal=Asian Studies Review |volume= 40|issue=2 |pages= 173–191|doi=10.1080/10357823.2016.1162137|s2cid=147124182 |access-date=4 February 2021|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Baasanjargal |first1=Tsolmonchimeg |last2=Soon-Joo |first2=Ahn|last3=Mi-Jeong|first3= Kwon|date=2019 |title=인도네시아 바틱전통 패턴의 비교 분석 : 자바섬의 족자카르타와 페칼롱간의 패턴을 중심으로 [Comparative Analysis of Indonesian Batik Traditional Patterns: Focused on Patterns of Yogyakarta and Pekalongan in Java Island] |url=https://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE09220284 |journal=한복문화 |volume=22 |issue= 3|doi= 10.16885/jktc.2019.09.22.3.75 |pages=75–91|s2cid=210612600 |access-date=4 February 2021|url-access=subscription }}</ref> it is believed to be invented since {{circa}} 12th century.<ref>{{cite book |last1= Tirta|first1=Iwan|last2= Steen|first2=Gareth L. |last3= Urso|first3=Deborah M. |last4=Alisjahbana|first4=Mario |date=1996 |title=Batik: A Play of Lights and Shades|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=MZAiSAAACAAJ |location= |publisher=Gaya Favorit Press |volume=1 |isbn=978-979-515-313-9}}</ref> | ||
G. P. Rouffaer reported that the ''gringsing'' [[batik]] pattern was already known by the 12th century in [[Kediri Kingdom|Kediri]], [[East Java]]. He concluded that this delicate pattern could only be created by the ''canting'', an etching tool that holds a small reservoir of hot wax.<ref>{{cite book |last1= Tirta|first1=Iwan|last2= Steen|first2=Gareth L. |last3= Urso|first3=Deborah M. |last4=Alisjahbana|first4=Mario |date=1996 |title=Batik: A Play of Lights and Shades|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=MZAiSAAACAAJ |location= |publisher=Gaya Favorit Press |volume=1 |isbn=978-979-515-313-9}}</ref> | G. P. Rouffaer reported that the ''gringsing'' [[batik]] pattern was already known by the 12th century in [[Kediri Kingdom|Kediri]], [[East Java]]. He concluded that this delicate pattern could only be created by the ''canting'', an etching tool that holds a small reservoir of hot wax.<ref>{{cite book |last1= Tirta|first1=Iwan|last2= Steen|first2=Gareth L. |last3= Urso|first3=Deborah M. |last4=Alisjahbana|first4=Mario |date=1996 |title=Batik: A Play of Lights and Shades|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=MZAiSAAACAAJ |location= |publisher=Gaya Favorit Press |volume=1 |isbn=978-979-515-313-9}}</ref> | ||
Latest revision as of 22:44, 26 June 2025
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "other uses". Script error: No such module "For". Template:Infobox tool
Script error: No such module "Lang". (Template:IPAc, Template:Ety; Template:Langx) is a pen-like tool used to apply liquid hot wax (Script error: No such module "Lang".) in the traditional native Javan batik-making process in Indonesian island of Java (mainly and originally), more precisely for the Script error: No such module "Lang". (Template:Lit). Traditional Script error: No such module "Lang". consists of copper wax-container with small pipe spout and bamboo handle. It is commonly made of copper, bronze, zinc or iron materials, as well as teflon in modern-days.
Etymology
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Script error: No such module "Lang". is derived from Javanese word of canthing Template:Script (IPA: Script error: No such module "IPA".) which means the small scooping tool.[1][2]
History
Canting is originated in Java and invented by the Javanese,[3][4][5][6] it is believed to be invented since Template:Circa 12th century.[7] G. P. Rouffaer reported that the gringsing batik pattern was already known by the 12th century in Kediri, East Java. He concluded that this delicate pattern could only be created by the canting, an etching tool that holds a small reservoir of hot wax.[8]
Design
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A canting consists of:
- Nyamplung: a rounded liquid wax container, made from copper.
- Cucuk (IPA:Script error: No such module "IPA".): a small copper pipe or spout that connects to nyamplung container, it is where the liquid wax comes out to be applied to the cloth.
- Gagang: canting holder, usually made from bamboo or wood.
The size of canting may be varied according to the desired dot size or line thickness to be applied to the cloth. A batik craftsperson uses canting in a similar fashion as drawing using a pen.
Types
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There are three ways of classifying the types of canting:
- Based on its function:
- Canting Rengrengan: canting that is ideally used to make a batik pattern for the first time.
- Canting Isen: canting that is ideally used to fill a pattern that has been made beforehand.
- Based on the diameter of its cucuk:
- Small Canting: canting that has a small-sized cucuk with a diameter of less than 1 millimeter and is usually used as Canting Isen.
- Medium Canting: canting that has a medium-sized cucuk with a diameter of 1 – 2.5 millimeters and is usually used as Canting Rengrengan.
- Large Canting: canting with a large-sized cucuk with a diameter of more than 2.5 millimeters and is usually used to make a larger batik pattern or to fill a pattern that has been made beforehand with a block of wax.
- Based on the number of its cucuk:
- Canting Cecekan: canting with one cucuk.
- Canting Laron/Loron: canting with two cucuk.
- Canting Telon: canting with three cucuk[9] that forms an equilateral triangle.
- Canting Prapatan: canting with four cucuk that forms a square.
- Canting Liman: canting with five cucuk that forms a square with a dot in the center of the square.
- Canting Byok: canting with an odd number of cucuk and is equal to or more than seven cucuk that forms a circle with a dot in the center of the circle.
- Canting Renteng/Galaran: canting with four or six cucuk that forms two parallel lines.[10]
Technique
Firstly, the cloth must be washed, soaked and beaten with a large mallet. The hot and liquid wax is scooped from small wajan (wok) heated upon small stove. The batik craftsperson sometimes blow the spout tip of canting to allow the liquid wax to flow smoothly and to avoid clogging, then they draw the line or dot upon the cloth, applying the liquid wax, following the patterns and images that previously had been drawn using pencil.[11] A pattern is then drawn with hot wax called malam using canting. The wax functions as a dye-resist. After this, the cloth is dipped in a dye bath containing the first colour. After the cloth is dry, the wax is removed by scraping or boiling the cloth. This process is repeated as many times as the number of colours desired. For larger areas of cloth which need to be covered, the wax is applied using a tool called nemboki/mopoki.[12]
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See also
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References
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Tim Bina Karya Guru. 2007. "Seni Budaya dan Keterampilan Untuk Sekolah Dasar Kelas VI". Penerbit Erlangga. Template:ISBN.
- ↑ Batik Nomination for inscription on the Representative List in 2009 (Reference No. 00170)