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{{Short description|Hill in Carmarthenshire, Wales}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{More citations needed|date=November 2021}}
[[File:Y Garn Coch fort.JPG|thumb|right|250px|The remains of the larger Iron Age fort from within the remains of the smaller one.]]
'''Y Garn Goch''' is a hill in the [[Brecon Beacons National Park]] in the east of [[Carmarthenshire]], [[Wales]]. The name means the 'red cairn'. It lies near the village of [[Bethlehem, Carmarthenshire|Bethlehem]], three miles southwest of [[Llangadog]] and four miles east of [[Llandeilo]] on the southern side of the broad [[Towy|Towy Valley]]. It is also commonly known as either '''Garn Goch''' or '''Carn Goch'''. Current owners and land managers are the Brecon Beacons National Park Authority.<ref>Ordnance Survey Explorer map OL12 'Brecon Beacons National Park: western area'</ref>

==Geology==
Y Garn Goch is formed from the coarse sandstones of the Ffairfach Grit Formation of the early [[Ordovician period]]. A northeast-southwest oriented [[anticline]] (the Garn Goch Anticline) which runs through Y Garn Goch can be seen to fold these rocks. The [[sandstone]]s and [[mudstone]]s of the Abergwilli (sic)<ref>{{cite web |title=Abergwilli Formation |url=https://webapps.bgs.ac.uk/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?pub=ABGW |website=BGS Lexicon of Named Rock Units |publisher=British Geological Survey |access-date=4 July 2021}}</ref> and Llandeilo Flags formations form the lower slopes of the hill to north and south. A [[Fault (geology)|fault]] runs northeast-southwest through the [[mountain pass|saddle]] between the two tops and is considered a part of the [[Welsh Borderland Fault System]].

The lower ground is mantled by [[glacial till]], a legacy of the last ice age when the valley was filled by the [[Towy]] Valley glacier. The hill lies within [[Fforest Fawr Geopark]] designated in respect of the outstanding geological heritage of the region.<ref>British Geological Survey 1:50,000 map sheet 212 'Llandovery' & accompanying sheet explanation</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.coflein.gov.uk/en/site/100866/images/GAER+FAWR%2C+HILLFORT+ON+Y+GARN+GOCH/ |title=Gaer Fawr, Hillfort on Y Garn Goch |access-date=25 May 2009 |archive-date=27 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727072412/http://www.coflein.gov.uk/en/site/100866/images/GAER%20FAWR%2C%20HILLFORT%20ON%20Y%20GARN%20GOCH/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Archaeology==
The established view is that Y Garn Goch is notable for the two impressive [[Iron Age]] [[hillforts]] of [[Y Gaer Fawr]], ({{langx|en|the big fort}}) and [[Y Gaer Fach]], ({{langx|en|the little fort}}), together the largest in southern [[Wales]].

==Access==
The entire hill is registered common land and hence freely available to walkers as access land. It is approached by minor cul-de-sac roads from east and west and a public footpath runs north-south across it. The [[Beacons Way]] which starts at [[Llangadog]] passes through the nearby village of [[Bethlehem, Carmarthenshire|Bethlehem]] before running west-east over the hill en route for the [[Black Mountain (range)|Black Mountain]] (Welsh: ''Y Mynydd Du'') and eventually [[Abergavenny]].

==See also==
*[[List of hillforts in Wales]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://garngoch.org garngoch.org]
* [https://www.geograph.org.uk/search.php?i=4967389 Images of Y Garn Goch & surrounding area]

{{coord|51.902|-3.905|dim:2000_region:GB|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Garn Goch, Y}}
[[Category:Black Mountain (range)]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Carmarthenshire]]
[[Category:Mountains and hills of Carmarthenshire]]
[[Category:Hillforts in Carmarthenshire]]
[[Category:History of Carmarthenshire]]
[[Category:Hillforts in the Brecon Beacons National Park]]
[[Category:Medieval sites in Wales]]
[[Category:Roman auxiliary forts in Wales]]

Y Garn Goch - Revision history

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