imported>JJMC89 bot III: Moving :Category:Flora of Victoria (Australia) to :Category:Flora of Victoria (state) per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2023 April 26#Category:Victoria (Australia)

2023-05-07T01:05:07Z

Moving Category:Flora of Victoria (Australia) to Category:Flora of Victoria (state) per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2023 April 26#Category:Victoria (Australia)

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{{short description|Species of plant}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Speciesbox
|name = Early Nancy
|image = Wurmbea dioica flowers.jpg
|image_caption = Near [[Goulburn]], male flowers above female flowers
|genus = Wurmbea
|species = dioica
|authority = ([[R.Br.]]) F.Muell.<ref name=APC>{{cite web|title=''Wurmbea dioica''|url= https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/107552|publisher=Australian Plant Census|accessdate=7 September 2020}}</ref>
|synonyms_ref = <ref name="APC" />
|synonyms =
* ''Anguillaria australis'' F.Muell. [[nom. illeg.]] p.p.
* ''Anguillaria dioica'' R.Br.
* ''Wurmbea dioicea'' F.Muell. [[orth. var.]]
}}

'''''Wurmbea dioica''''', commonly known as '''early Nancy''',<ref name="RBGS">{{cite web |last1=Harden |first1=Gwen J. |title=''Wurmbea dioica'' |url=https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Wurmbea~dioica |publisher=Royal Botanic Garden Sydney |accessdate=7 September 2020}}</ref> is a species of plant in the family [[Colchicaceae]] and is [[Endemism|endemic]] to Australia. It is a [[Herbaceous plant|herb]] with three linear to thread-like leaves and usually two to seven white flowers with a purple or greenish [[Nectar|nectary]] band.

==Description==
''Wurmbea dioica'' is a herb that typically grows to a height of {{cvt|3.5–40|cm}} and has three linear to thread-like or tapering leaves {{cvt|10–350|mm}} long and {{cvt|0.2–6|mm}} wide with a sheathing base. Individual plants may have male-only, female-only or both male and female flowers and sometimes bisexual flowers. There are up to fifteen flowers on each plant, each with six elliptic white [[tepal]]s {{cvt|3.5–11.5|mm}} long. Each tepal has a purple to greenish or white nectary band one-quarter to half the length from its base. The [[stamen]]s are half to two-thirds as long as the tepals and the [[Stamen#anther|anthers]] are about {{cvt|1|mm}} long and red or purple. Flowering occurs mainly from June to November and the fruit is a [[Capsule (botany)|capsule]] {{cvt|5–10|mm}} long.<ref name="RBGS" /><ref name="RBGV">{{cite web |last1=Messina |first1=Andre |title=''Wurmbea dioica'' |url=https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/dee19e49-779c-470b-81ce-59f9303589fb |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria |accessdate=7 September 2020}}</ref><ref name="efloraSA">{{cite web |title=''Wurmbea dioica'' |url=http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/cgi-bin/speciesfacts_display.cgi?form=speciesfacts&name=Wurmbea_dioica |publisher=State Herbarium of South Australia |accessdate=7 September 2020}}</ref><ref name="Vaughton Ramsey 1998">{{cite journal|last1=Vaughton|first1=Glenda|last2=Ramsey|first2=Mike|date=June 1998|title=Floral display, pollinator visitation and reproductive success in the dioecious perennial herb ''Wurmbea dioica'' (Liliaceae)|journal=Oecologia|publisher=Springer-Verlag|volume=115|issue=1|pages=93–101|doi=10.1007/s004420050495|pmid=28308473|bibcode=1998Oecol.115...93V|s2cid=8747199}}</ref>

==Taxonomy==
This species was first formally described in 1810 by [[Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)|Robert Brown]] who gave it the name ''Anguillaria dioica'' and published the description in ''[[Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen]]''.<ref name=APNI1>{{cite web|title=''Anguillaria dioica''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/514426 |publisher=APNI|accessdate=7 September 2020}}</ref><ref name="R.Br.">{{cite book |last1=Brown |first1=Robert |title=Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen |date=1810 |publisher=typis R. Taylor et socii,1810 |location=London |page=273 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21871#page/141/mode/1up |accessdate=7 September 2020}}</ref> In 1877, [[Ferdinand von Mueller]] changed the name to ''Wurmbea dioica'' in ''[[Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae]]''.<ref name=APNI>{{cite web|title=''Wurmbia dioica''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/537985 |publisher=APNI|accessdate=7 September 2020}}</ref>

The names of three subspecies are accepted by the [[Australian Plant Census]]:
* ''Wurmbea dioica'' subsp. ''alba'' [[Terry Desmond Macfarlane|T.D.Macfarl.]]<ref name=APC1>{{cite web|title=''Wurmbea dioica'' subsp. ''alba''|url= https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/107572|publisher=Australian Plant Census|accessdate=7 September 2020}}</ref> has all-white tepals;<ref name=FloraBase>{{FloraBase|name=''Wurmbea dioica'' subsp. ''alba''|id=12072}}</ref>
* ''Wurmbea dioica'' subsp. ''brevifolia'' [[Robert John Bates|R.J.Bates]]<ref name=APC2>{{cite web|title=''Wurmbea dioica'' subsp. ''brevifolia''|url= https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/206191|publisher=Australian Plant Census|accessdate=7 September 2020}}</ref> is distinguished by its short, egg-shaped upper leaf and pink-edged tepals;<ref name="RBGV2">{{cite web |last1=Messina |first1=Andre |title=''Wurmbea dioica'' subsp. ''brevifolia'' |url=https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/2f9d0b53-9aee-4d65-9f5a-63e8ddc1fc73 |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria |accessdate=7 September 2020}}</ref>
* ''Wurmbea dioica'' (R.Br.) F.Muell. subsp. ''dioica''<ref name=APC3>{{cite web|title=''Wurmbea dioica'' subsp. ''dioica''|url= https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/107589|publisher=Australian Plant Census|accessdate=7 September 2020}}</ref> has an elongated upper leaf with a tapering or thread-like tip and a purple nectary band.<ref name="RBGV3">{{cite web |last1=Conran |first1=John G. |title=''Wurmbea dioica'' subsp. ''dioica'' |url=https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/b4c7f2ef-515c-4a6a-84e2-057af297046b |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria |accessdate=7 September 2020}}</ref>

==Distribution and habitat==
''Wurmbea dioica'' is widespread and common in all six Australian states and the Australian Capital Territory but is not known from the Northern Territory. It grows in a wide variety of habitats. Subspecies ''dioica'' is the most common subspecies, occurring in all eastern states, South Australia and the Australian Capital Territory. Subspecies ''brevifolia'' is found in Victoria and South Australia, growing in drier places that subsp. ''dioica'', and subsp. ''alba'' is restricted to Western Australia where it grows in winter-wet swamps and around granite rocks.<ref name="FloraBase" /><ref name="RBGV2" /><ref name="RBGV3" /><ref name="JABG">{{cite journal |last1=Bates |first1=Robert J. |title=A review of South Australian Wurmbea (Colchicaceae- Liliaceae): keys, new taxa and combinations, and notes. |journal=Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens |date=2007 |volume=21 |pages=77–79 |url=https://data.environment.sa.gov.au/Content/Publications/JABG21P075_Bates.pdf |accessdate=7 September 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q8039298}}

[[Category:Wurmbea|dioica]]
[[Category:Monocots of Australia]]
[[Category:Flora of New South Wales]]
[[Category:Flora of Queensland]]
[[Category:Flora of South Australia]]
[[Category:Flora of Tasmania]]
[[Category:Flora of Victoria (state)]]
[[Category:Angiosperms of Western Australia]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1810]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Ferdinand von Mueller]]

Wurmbea dioica - Revision history

imported>JJMC89 bot III: Moving :Category:Flora of Victoria (Australia) to :Category:Flora of Victoria (state) per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2023 April 26#Category:Victoria (Australia)