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'''Web-based simulation''' ('''WBS''') is the invocation of [[computer simulation]] services over the [[World Wide Web]], specifically through a [[web browser]].<ref name="Byrne10">{{cite journal
| last1 = Byrne
| first1 = James
| last2 = Heavey
| first2 = Cathal
| last3 = Byrne
| first3 = P.J.
|date=March 2010
| title = A review of Web-based simulation and supporting tools
| journal = Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory
| volume = 18
| issue = 3
| pages = 253–276
| publisher = Elsevier
| doi= 10.1016/j.simpat.2009.09.013
}}</ref><ref name="Page98">{{cite conference | last = Page | first = E. |author2=Griffen, S. P. | title = Providing Conceptual Framework Support for Distributed Web-Based Simulation within the High Level Architecture. | book-title = Proceedings of the SPIE Conference on Enabling Technologies for Simulation Science II, Orlando, Florida, USA. | year = 1998 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.37.4216 }}</ref><ref name="Page00">{{cite conference | last = Page | first = E. |author2=Opper, J. M. | title = Investigating the Application of Web-Based Simulation Principles within the Architecture for a Next-Generation Computer Generated Forces Model. | book-title = Future Generation Computer Systems 19: 159-169. | year = 2000 |url=http://www.thesimguy.com/articles/fgcs.pdf}}</ref><ref name="Byrne">{{cite conference | last = Byrne | first = James |author2=Heavey, Cathal |author3=Byrne, P.J. | title = SIMCT: An Application of Web Based Simulation. | book-title = Proceedings of the 2006 Operational Research Society (UK) 3rd Simulation Workshop (SW06), 28-29th March, Royal Leamington Spa, UK. | year = 2006 | url = http://www.orsoc.org.uk/orshop/(vhkfborwn2ka1k453pnsc4yr)/orcontent.aspx?inc=simulation2006_proceedings.htm }}</ref> Increasingly, the web is being looked upon as an environment for providing [[modeling and simulation]] applications, and as such, is an emerging area of investigation within the simulation community.<ref name="Byrne"/><ref name="Guru">{{cite conference | last = Guru | first = A. |author2=Savory, P. |author3=Williams, R. | title = A Web-based Interface for Storing and Executing Simulation Models. | book-title = Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference, Orlando, Florida. | year = 2000 |url=https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&context=imsefacpub}}</ref><ref name="Harrell">{{cite conference | last = Harrell | first = C. R. |author2=Hicks, D. A. | title = Simulation Software Component Architecture for Simulation-based Enterprise Applications. | book-title = Proceedings of the 1998 Winter Simulation Conference, Washington D.C., USA. | year = 1998 | doi = 10.1109/WSC.1998.746053 | s2cid = 11277437 }}</ref>

==Application==
Web-based simulation is used in several contexts:
* In [[e-learning]], various principles can quickly be illustrated to students by means of interactive [[computer animation]]s, for example during lecture demonstrations and computer exercises.
* In [[distance learning]], web-based simulation may provide an alternative to installing expensive simulation software on the student computer, or an alternative to expensive laboratory equipment.
* In [[software engineering]], '''web-based emulation''' allows application development and testing on one platform for other target platforms, for example for various [[mobile operating system]]s<ref>[http://speckyboy.com/2010/04/12/mobile-web-and-app-development-testing-and-emulation-tools/ Mobile Web and App Development Testing and Emulation Tools], Specky boy design magazine, April 12, 2010</ref> or [[mobile web browser]]s, without the need of target hardware or locally installed [[Emulator|emulation software]].
* In [[online computer game]]s, 3D environments can be simulated, and old [[home computer]]s and [[video game console]]s can be emulated, allowing the user to play old computer games in the web browser.
* In [[medical education]], [[nurse education]] and allied health education (like [[sonographer]] training), web-based simulations can be used for learning and practicing clinical healthcare procedures. Web-based procedural simulations emphasize the cognitive elements such as the steps of the procedure, the decisions, the tools/devices to be used, and the correct anatomical location.

==Client-side vs server-side approaches==
Web-based simulation can take place either on the server side or on the client side. In ''server-side simulation'', the numerical calculations and [[Visualization (computer graphics)|visualization]] (generation of plots and other computer graphics) is carried out on the web server, while the interactive [[graphical user interface]] (GUI) often partly is provided by the client-side, for example using [[server-side scripting]] such as [[PHP]] or [[CGI script]]s, interactive services based on [[Ajax (programming)|Ajax]] or a conventional application software remotely accessed through a [[VNC]] Java applet.

In ''client-side simulation'', the simulation program is downloaded from the server side but completely executed on the client side, for example using [[Java applets]], [[Flash animation]]s, [[JavaScript]], or some mathematical software viewer plug-in. Server-side simulation is not scalable for many simultaneous users, but places fewer demands on the user computer performance and web-browser plug-ins than client-side simulation.

The term '''on-line simulation''' sometimes refers to server-side web-based simulation, sometimes to [[symbiotic]] simulation, i.e. a simulation that interacts in real-time with a physical system.

The upcoming [[cloud computing|cloud-computing]] technologies can be used for new server-side simulation approaches. For instance, there are{{Examples|date=June 2010}} [[multi-agent simulation|multi-agent-simulation]] applications which are deployed on cloud-computing instances and act independently. This allows simulations to be highly scalable.{{Clarify|date=June 2010}}

==Existing tools==

*[[AgentSheets]] – graphically programmed tool for creating web-based ''[[The Sims]]''-like simulation games, and for teaching beginner students programming.
*[[AnyLogic]] – a graphically programmed tool that generates Java code for [[discrete-event simulation]], [[system dynamics]] and [[agent-based model]]s
*[[Easy Java Simulations]] – a tool for modelling and visualization of physical phenomenons, that automatically generates Java code from mathematical expressions.
*[[ExploreLearning]] Gizmos – a large library of interactive online simulations for math and science education in grades 3–12.
*[[FreeFem++]] Javascript Version<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ljll.math.upmc.fr/lehyaric/ffjs/17.1/|title=Index - FreeFem++-js 17.1|website=www.ljll.math.upmc.fr|access-date=2018-11-30}}</ref> – FreeFem++<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://freefem.org|title=FreeFem++|website=freefem.org|language=en|access-date=2018-12-01}}</ref> is a free and open source PDE solver using the finite element method.
*[[GNU Octave#Web Interfaces|GNU Octave web interfaces]] – [[MATLAB]] compatible open-source software
*[[Lanner Group Ltd]] L-SIM Server – Java-based [[discrete-event simulation]] engine which supports model standards such as [[BPMN]] 2.0
*[[Nanohub]] – web 2.0 in-browser interactive simulation of [[nanotechnology]]
*[[NetLogo]] – a multi-agent programming language and integrated modeling environment that runs on the Java Virtual Machine
*[[OpenPlaG]] – [[PHP]]-based function graph plotter for the use on websites
*[[OpenEpi]] – web-based packet of tools for [[biostatistics]]
*[[Recursive Porous Agent Simulation Toolkit]] (Repast) – agent-based modeling and simulation toolkit implemented in Java and many other languages
*[[SageMath]] – open-source numerical-analysis software with web interface, based on the [[Python (programming language)|Python programming language]]
*[[SimScale]] – web-based simulation platform supporting [[computational fluid dynamics]], [[solid mechanics]], and [[thermodynamics]]
*[[StarLogo]] – agent-based simulation language written in Java.
*[[VisSim|VisSim viewer]] – graphically programmed [[data-flow diagram]]s for simulation of [[dynamical systems]]
*[[Mathematica#Deployment|webMathematica and Mathematica Player]] – a computer algebra system and programming language.
*[[VisualSim Architect]] – VisualSim Explorer enables system-level models to be embedded in documents for viewing, simulation and analysis from within a web browser without any local software installation.

==See also==
*[[List of online spreadsheets]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

*[http://vam.anest.ufl.edu/wip.html A portfolio of public-access and free web-based simulations]

[[Category:Simulation software]]
[[Category:Web applications]]

Web-based simulation - Revision history

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