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{{short description|Vector-based collection of geographic information system (GIS) data about Earth}}
[[Image:Globe.svg|right|thumb|200px]]
The '''Vector Map (VMAP)''', also called '''Vector Smart Map''', is a [[vector graphics|vector]]-based collection of [[geographic information system]] (GIS) data about [[Earth]] at various levels of detail. Level 0 (low resolution) coverage is global and entirely in the [[public domain]]. Level 1 (global coverage at medium resolution) is only partly in the public domain.

There are ongoing discussions about making most of the information available in the public domain.

==Description==
*[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinate reference system]]: Geographic coordinates stored in decimal degrees with southern and western hemispheres using negative values for latitude and longitude, respectively.
*[[Map projection|Horizontal Datum]]: [[World Geodetic System]] 1984 (WGS 84).
*Vertical Datum: [[Sea level|Mean Sea Level]].

===Thematic data layers===
Features and data attributes are tagged utilizing the international Feature and Attribute Coding Catalogue (FACC).
#major [[road]] networks
#[[Rail transport|railroad]] networks
#[[Hydrology|hydrologic]] drainage systems
#utility networks (cross-country [[Pipeline transport|pipelines]] and [[Electric power transmission|communication lines]])
#major [[airport]]s
#[[elevation]] contours
#coastlines
#[[Border|international boundaries]]
#populated places
#index of geographical names

==Levels of resolution==
The '''vector map''' product are usually seen as being of three different types: low resolution (level 0), medium resolution (level 1) and high resolution (level 2).

===Level Zero (VMAP0)===
'''Level 0''' provides worldwide coverage of geo-spatial data and is equivalent to a small [[Scale (map)|scale]] (1:1,000,000). The data are offered either on CD-ROM or as direct download, as they have been moved to the [[public domain]]. Data are structured following the [[Vector Product Format]] (VPF),<ref>
[http://www.nga.mil/portal/site/nga01/index.jsp?epi-content=GENERIC&itemID=a2986591e1b3af00VgnVCMServer23727a95RCRD&beanID=1629630080&viewID=Article Vector Product Format] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060425195310/http://www.nga.mil/portal/site/nga01/index.jsp?epi-content=GENERIC&itemID=a2986591e1b3af00VgnVCMServer23727a95RCRD&beanID=1629630080&viewID=Article |date=2006-04-25 }} - at [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency|National Geospatial Intelligence Agency]]
</ref> compliant with standards MIL-V-89039 and MIL-STD 2407.

====Data sets====
The entire coverage has been divided into four data sets:
#[[North America]] (NOAMER) [http://geoengine.nga.mil/ftpdir/archive/vpf_data/v0noa.tar.gz v0noa]
#[[Europe]] and North [[Asia]] (EURNASIA) [http://geoengine.nga.mil/ftpdir/archive/vpf_data/v0eur.tar.gz v0eur]
#[[South America]], [[Africa]], and [[Antarctica]] (SOAMAFR) [http://geoengine.nga.mil/ftpdir/archive/vpf_data/v0soa.tar.gz v0soa]
#South [[Asia]] and [[Australia]] (SASAUS) [http://geoengine.nga.mil/ftpdir/archive/vpf_data/v0sas.tar.gz v0sas]

===Level One (VMAP1)===
Level 1 data are equivalent to a medium scale resolution (1:250,000). Level 1 tiles follow the ''MIL-V-89033'' standard.
* Horizontal accuracy: 125–500m
* Vertical accuracy: 0.5–2 Contour Interval (for example: if contour interval 50 m, accuracy will be 25 to 100m)

====Data sets====
VMAP Level 1 is divided in 234 geographical tiles. Only 57 of them are currently (2006) available for download from [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency|NGA]].<ref>
{{Cite web |url=http://geoengine.nga.mil/geospatial/SW_TOOLS/NIMAMUSE/webinter/rast_roam.html |title=NGA raster roam |access-date=2006-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120721212504/http://geoengine.nga.mil/geospatial/SW_TOOLS/NIMAMUSE/webinter/rast_roam.html |archive-date=2012-07-21 |url-status=dead }}
</ref>
Among the available datasets, coverage can be found for parts of [[Costa Rica]], [[Libya]], [[United States]], [[Mexico]], [[Iraq]], [[Russia]], [[Panama]], [[Colombia]] and [[Japan]].

===Level Two (VMAP2)===
Level 2 data are equivalent to a large scale resolution. Level 2 tiles follow the ''MIL-V-89032'' standard.
* Horizontal accuracy: 50–200m
* Vertical accuracy: 0.5–2 Contour Interval (for example: if contour interval 50 m, accuracy will be 25–100m)

==Debate about availability of data==
The USA [[Freedom of Information Act (United States)|Freedom of Information Act]] and the Electronic Freedom of Information Act guarantee access to virtually all GIS data created by the [[Federal government of the United States|US government]]. Following [[Freedom of information legislation|the trend]] of the [[United States]], much of the VMAP data has been offered to the [[public domain]].

But many countries consider mapping and [[cartography]] a [[state monopoly]]; for such countries, the VMAP Level1 data are kept out of the public domain. However, some data may be [[Commercialization|commercialised]] by [[National mapping agency|national mapping agencies]], sometimes as a consequence of [[Privatization|privatisation]].

Various public groups are making efforts to have all VMAP1 data moved to the public domain in accordance with [[Freedom of Information Act (United States)|FOIA]].<ref>
{{Cite web |url=http://www.georeference.org/doc/manifold.htm#public_access_to_public_data.htm |title=Initiative regarding VMAP under FOIA |access-date=2016-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160614212349/http://www.georeference.org/doc/manifold.htm#public_access_to_public_data.htm |archive-date=2016-06-14 |url-status=live }}
</ref>

Further steps have been taken by the ''Free World Maps Foundation'' and others to have the data licensed under the [[GNU General Public License]], while remaining copyrighted, as an alternative to the public domain. This is an ongoing debate (as of 2006).

==Copyrights==

===VMAP0===
The U.S. government has released the data into public domain, with the following conditions imposed (quotation from VMAP0 Copyright Statement):

{{quote|
As an agency of the United States government, NIMA makes no copyright claim under Title 17 of the United States Code with respect to any copyrightable material compiled in these products, nor requires compensation for their use.

When incorporating the NIMA maps into your product, please include the following:

a. "this product was developed using materials from the United States National Imagery and Mapping Agency and are reproduced with permission",<br/>
b. "this product has neither been endorsed nor authorized by the United States National Imagery and Mapping Agency or the United States Department of Defense".

With respect to any advertising, promoting or publicizing of this product, NIMA requires that you refrain from using the agency's name, seal, or initials.
}}

The VMAP0 download page<ref>
{{Cite web |url=http://geoengine.nga.mil/muse-cgi-bin/rast_roam.cgi |title=NGA VMAP0 download page |access-date=2006-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060703023454/http://geoengine.nga.mil/muse-cgi-bin/rast_roam.cgi |archive-date=2006-07-03 |url-status=dead }}
</ref> states:

{{quote|Internal data reference to the CD-ROM being "LIMITED DISTRIBUTION" should be ignored.}}

However, all is not quite what it seems. There is a 'readme1.txt' file located in the v0eur, v0sas, and v0soa directories. This file contains information saying that layers: Boundaries Coverage and the Reference Library, are copyrighted to the [[Environmental Systems Research Institute]].

If these copyrighted layers are not used there is no violation of any copyrights.

==Tools to read and convert VMAP data==
*VPFView (V2.1) - developed by [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency|NIMA]], is available from [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency|NGA]] or [[United States Geological Survey|USGS]] (as part of the NIMAMUSE package<ref>
[http://earth-info.nga.mil/geospatial/SW_TOOLS/NIMAMUSE/ NGA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060427160140/http://earth-info.nga.mil/geospatial/SW_TOOLS/NIMAMUSE/ |date=2006-04-27 }} - NIMAMUSE package
</ref>); this tool can render simple plots and export [[GIS]] data to other [[GIS file formats]]
* "[[GDAL|OGR]] with OGDI driver":<ref>
{{Cite web |url=http://www.gdal.org/ogr/ |title=OGR with ODGI driver |access-date=2006-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060422001312/http://www.gdal.org/ogr/ |archive-date=2006-04-22 |url-status=live }}
</ref> this [[free software]] tool can convert VMAP format to standard [[GIS file formats]] such as [[Shapefile|SHAPE]], [[PostGIS]] etc.

==History==
[[Image:US-NationalGeospatialIntelligenceAgency-2008Seal.svg|thumb|150px|''National Geospatial Intelligence Agency'']]
*1991–1993: The ''National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA)'' develops the [[Digital Chart of the World|Digital Chart of the World (DCW)]]<ref>
[http://www.maproom.psu.edu/dcw/ Digital Chart of the World] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060219201149/http://www.maproom.psu.edu/dcw/ |date=2006-02-19 }} - [[Digital Chart of the World|DCW]] data access site
</ref> for the US Defense Mapping Agency (DMA) with themes including Political/Ocean Populated Places, Railroads, Roads, Utilities, Drainage, [[Hypsography]], Land Cover, Ocean Features, Physiography, Aeronautical, Cultural Landmarks, Transportation Structure and Vegetation. One of the sources for the data was the ''Operational Navigation Chart'' that compiles military mapping from Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, and the United States.
VMAP (level 0) is a slightly more detailed reiteration of the DCW.<br>
VMAP (level 1) has much higher resolution data.
*2004 The ''National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA)'' is renamed to [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]] which will include other mapping agencies such as the ''Defense Mapping Agency (DMA)'', the ''Central Imagery Office (CIO)'' and the ''Defense Dissemination Program Office (DDPO)''. All VMAP data will subsequently be distributed through the [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency|NGA]].

==See also==
*[[Natural Earth]], free, high-quality global map data
*[[Digital Chart of the World]]
*[[GSHHS]], a high-resolution shoreline data set
*[[GADM]], a high-resolution database of country administrative areas
*[[Digital elevation model|Digital Elevation Model]]
*[[Geographic information system|GIS]]
*[[Digital Geographic Exchange Standard|DIGEST]] VRF and VPF are related and compatible with a few exceptions
*[[Vector tiles]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{refbegin}}
* Processing of VMAP0 data with free GIS software: ''SRTM and VMAP0 data in OGR and GRASS''. [http://grass.itc.it/newsletter/index.php GRASS Newsletter], 3:2-6, 2005 (M. Neteler)
{{refend}}

==External links==
*[http://earth-info.nga.mil/publications/vmap0.html Vector Map description]- at [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency|National Geospatial Intelligence Agency]]
*[http://mapviewer.ilog.com free java viewer]
*[http://www2.idevio.com/demo/multisource/ fast java viewer from Idevio]
*[http://blog.svg-map.com/2007/11/tiny_svg_base_m.html SVG Maps converted from VMAP]
*[http://gis-lab.info/qa/vmap0-eng.html VMAP0 data] in ESRI shapefile format, ready to download
*[http://gis-lab.info/qa/vmap1-eng.html VMAP1 data] in ESRI shapefile format, ready to download
*[http://www.mapability.com/info/vmap0_index.html VMAP0 layer documentation]

[[Category:Geographic information systems]]

Vector Map - Revision history

imported>Frap: /* History */