imported>Andy Dingley: removed Category:Bo′Bo′ electric locomotives of Europe; added Category:Bo′Bo′ electric locomotives using HotCat

2025-06-12T10:29:30Z

removed Category:Bo′Bo′ electric locomotives of Europe; added Category:Bo′Bo′ electric locomotives using HotCat

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{{Infobox locomotive
| name = VR class Sr2
| powertype = Electric
| image = VR Sr2 3202 Tampere 2012-06-22.JPG
| caption = An Sr2 locomotive at [[Tampere railway station]], June 2012
| builddate = 1995–2003
| builder = [[Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works|SLM]], [[Asea Brown Boveri|ABB]], ''later'' [[Adtranz]] ''then'' [[Bombardier Transportation|Bombardier]]<br>''assembly'' [[Škoda Transtech|Transtech Oy]]
| aarwheels = B-B
| uicclass = [[Bo′Bo′]]
| gauge = {{Track gauge|1524mm|lk=on}}
| wheeldiameter = {{convert|1100|mm|in|2|abbr=on}}
| wheelbase =
| length = {{convert|19.02|m|ftin|0|abbr=on}}
| width =
| height =
| locoweight = {{convert|82|t|1}}
| maxspeed = {{convert|210|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}
| transmission =
| electricsystem = [[25 kV AC railway electrification|25 kV AC]] 50 [[Hertz|Hz]] [[Overhead line]]s
| collectionmethod = [[Pantograph (transport)|Pantograph]]
| poweroutput = {{convert|6000|kW|hp|-1|abbr=on}}<br>''max continuous'' {{convert|5000|kW|hp|abbr=on}}
| tractiveeffort = {{convert|280|kN|lbf|-1|abbr=on}}
| operator = [[VR Yhtymä Oy|VR]]
| firstrundate = 1995
| numinclass = 46
| disposition = In service
| fleetnumbers = 3201–3246
| tractionmotors = 4 [[ABB Group|ABB]] motors 6FHA 7067
}}

The '''Sr2''' is a class of electric locomotives of the [[VR Group]]. They were built by [[Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works|SLM]]/[[Asea Brown Boveri|ABB]] and later by [[Adtranz]] and finally [[Bombardier Transportation]] and assembled by [[Škoda Transtech|Transtech Oy]].{{sfn|Eonsuu|Honkanen|Pölhö|1995}}<ref name="kalustolista">{{cite web | url = http://www.sivuraide.net/kalustolistat/lista.php?t=Sr2 | title = Sr2 kalustolista | publisher = Sivuraide.net | language = fi | access-date = 2 July 2011 }}</ref> They are closely based on the [[SBB-CFF-FFS Re 460|class Re 460]] (or [[Lok 2000]]) locomotives of [[Swiss Federal Railways]].

The nicknames of this class are ''Alppiruusu'' ([[Edelweiss]]), ''Käkikello'' ([[Cuckoo clock]]), both referring to the Swiss origin of the locomotive,<ref name="seisake">{{cite web | url = http://www.seisake.net/kuukaudenveturi_2.php | title = Sr2 | publisher = Seisake.net | language = fi | access-date = 2 July 2011 }}</ref> as well as ''Marsu'' ([[Guinea pig]]) and ''Möhkö'' ([[:wikt:blob|Blob]]), both from the looks of the locomotive.

==History==
[[File:IC2 85 arrives at Jyväskylä.jpg|thumb|left|An Sr2 locomotive pulls an InterCity train to [[Jyväskylä railway station|Jyväskylä station]].]]
In 1992, VR ordered the first 20 class Sr2 locomotives;{{sfn|Eonsuu|Honkanen|Pölhö|1995}} later 20 more were ordered with 12 options. Finally only six of the 12 options were transformed into orders, forming a total fleet of 46 engines.<ref name="seisake"/> The locomotives are used on both passenger trains and freight trains, and they are the primary locomotives of the fast [[InterCity#Finland|InterCity]] trains in Finland.

Until mid-2010s Sr2s were pulling IC trains the classic way, but after Edo-class cab control cars were introduced in 2013,<ref>{{cite web | url = http://vaunut.org/kuva/82035 | title = New Edo class steering car being presented to VR personnel | first = Kurt | last = Ristniemi | publisher = Vaunut.org | language = fi | date = 16 April 2013 | access-date = 15 September 2016 }}</ref> Sr2 units have been used in pull-push mode with IC double deck stock. Until introduction of new [[VR Class Sr3|Sr3]] locomotives, Sr2 has been the only electric locomotive equipped for push-pull among Finnish rolling stock.

== Technical information ==
When introduced, the Sr2 was the fastest and most powerful locomotive of the VR. It was designed with a top speed of {{convert|230|km/h|abbr=on}}{{sfn|Eonsuu|Honkanen|Pölhö|1995}} and early units had that speed marked on them.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://vaunut.org/kuva/43560 | title = Sr2:n virallinen käyttöönotto, esittelytilaisuus. | first = Mika | last = Polamo | publisher = Vaunut.org | language = fi | date = 13 May 1996 | access-date = 2 July 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://vaunut.org/kuva/31838 | title = Vielä 10 vuotta sitten Sr2:sten kyljissä luki 230 Km/h, ... | first = Mikko | last = Nyman | publisher = Vaunut.org | language = fi | year = 1996 | access-date = 10 July 2011 }}</ref> During test runs, it has achieved a speed of {{convert|232|km/h|abbr=on}}.{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}} However, VR later limited the top speed to {{convert|210|km/h|abbr=on}},<ref name="seisake" /> since test runs require 10% faster speed than the targeted commercial speed.

The locomotive has GTO-thyristor inverters driving three-phase asynchronous AC motors.<ref name="Resiina">{{cite journal| url = http://www.kolumbus.fi/teemuvirtanen/artikkel.htm#veturi2000 | first1 = Teemu | last1 = Virtanen | first2 = Aki | last2 = Grönblom | title = Veturi 2000 meillä ja muualla | journal = Resiina | publisher = Museorautatieyhdistys ry, Suomen Rautatiehistoriallinen Seura ry |date=February 1999 | pages = 4–16 | language = fi | issn = 0356-0600 }}</ref> The maximum power of each air-cooled motor is {{convert|1560|kW|abbr=on}} at 2,600 V.<ref name="Resiina" /> Combined, they are capable of a power output of {{convert|6100|kW}} ({{convert|5000|kW|abbr=on}} continuous power).<ref name="teemuvirtanen">{{cite web | url = http://www.kolumbus.fi/teemuvirtanen/sr2.htm | title = Sr2 | first = Teemu | last = Virtanen | language = fi | access-date = 2 July 2011 }}</ref> The motors are small and fit entirely within the bogies.<ref name="Resiina" /> The bogies weigh only 15.8 tonnes and are equipped with radially steered axles.{{sfn|Eonsuu|Honkanen|Pölhö|1995}} This reduces rail wear significantly. A redesigned bogie construction was refitted by the manufacturer in the mid-2000s after the locomotives were found to oscillate sideways when running at speeds of over {{convert|160|km/h|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite journal | url = http://www.rautatietekniikka.fi/rautatietekniikka/Rautatietekniikka%202-2006.pdf | title = Sr2-veturin telien muutos | journal = Rautatietekniikka | year = 2006 | number = 2 | page = 24 | publisher = Rautatiealan Teknisten Liitto RTL ry | issn = 1237-1513 }}</ref>

The whole construction of the locomotive is modular and all functions are controlled by several microprocessors via the locomotive bus (MICAS S2).<ref name="Resiina" /> The system is redundant, so that a failure in one processor does not harm the overall system.<ref name="Resiina" /> The data lines are fiber optic cables.<ref name="Resiina"/>

Sr2 units are fitted with [[Unilink coupler]]s, which combine a [[SA3 coupler|SA3]] and a traditional [[Railway coupling#Buffers and chain|chain coupler]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.seisake.net/kuukaudenraapustus_4.php | title = Kytkimet: SA-3 ja Unilink | first = Juhana | last = Hietaranta | publisher = Seisake.net | language = fi | year = 2004 | access-date = 29 July 2011 }}</ref>

== Design and livery ==
[[File:Sr2 3206 Helsinki.jpg|thumb|right|The oldest livery of the Sr2, showing the V-shaped logo on the side of the body.]]
As with all the Lok 2000 locomotives, the external design is by Pininfarina.<ref name="Resiina" /> The series were painted red and white, showcasing VR's InterCity colours, with a large V on the bodyside to symbolise VR's high-speed traffic.{{sfn|Eonsuu|Honkanen|Pölhö|1995}}<ref>{{cite web | url = http://vaunut.org/kuva/44643 | title = Sr2 3203 Turkuun P133:ssa | first = Juha | last = Tölkkö | publisher = Vaunut.org | language = fi | date = 29 May 1998 | access-date = 2 July 2011 }}</ref><ref name="v-logo">{{cite web | url = http://www.junatoimisto.net/?sivu=vrlogojuttu&PHPSESSID=744b8b5265ab8db7a24d4e68a4359e80 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070222182504/http://www.junatoimisto.net/?sivu=vrlogojuttu&PHPSESSID=744b8b5265ab8db7a24d4e68a4359e80 | title = Valtionrautateiden liikemerkin kehitys | first = Jukka | last = Haaramo | language = fi | date = 25 December 2003 | access-date = 24 July 2011 | archive-date = 22 February 2007 }}</ref> Starting from number 3222 the V was replaced with VR's logo.<ref name="seisake" /> Beginning from 2010 and starting from engine number 3221, all units were repainted with VR's current colour scheme (green and white).<ref name="kalustolista" /><ref>{{cite web | url = http://vaunut.org/kuva/67017 | title = Vihreä Sr2 3221 | first = Sauli | last = Vähäkoski | publisher = Vaunut.org | language = fi | date = 19 December 2010 | access-date = 2 July 2011 }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[VR Class Sr1]]
*[[VR Class Sr3]]
*[[NSB El 18]]
*[[SBB-CFF-FFS Re 460]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

=== Literature ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book | first1 = Tapio | last1 = Eonsuu | first2 = Pekka | last2 = Honkanen | first3 = Eljas | last3 = Pölhö | title = Suomen veturit osa 2. Moottorikalusto | page = 91 | publisher = Elokuvan Maailma | year = 1995 | isbn = 952-5060-02-0 }}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
* [http://vaunut.org/kuvat/?tag0=2%7CSr2%7C Photos of the Sr2 at Vaunut.org] {{in lang|fi}}
* [http://trainspo.com/class/308/ Sr2 profile at Trainspo]

{{Finnish locomotives}}
{{VR Group}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vr Class Sr2}}
[[Category:SLM locomotives]]
[[Category:ABB locomotives]]
[[Category:Brown, Boveri & Cie locomotives]]
[[Category:Electric locomotives of Finland]]
[[Category:Bo′Bo′ electric locomotives]]
[[Category:VR locomotives|Sr2]]
[[Category:25 kV AC locomotives]]
[[Category:Pininfarina]]
[[Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1995]]
[[Category:5 ft gauge locomotives]]

VR Class Sr2 - Revision history

imported>Andy Dingley: removed Category:Bo′Bo′ electric locomotives of Europe; added Category:Bo′Bo′ electric locomotives using HotCat