Turhan Përmeti - Revision history

193.163.187.202 at 16:45, 20 September 2025

2025-09-20T16:45:29Z

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	\| image = Turhan Pasha.jpg		\| image = Turhan Pasha.jpg
	\| order1 = 2nd [[Prime Minister of Albania]]		\| order1 = 2nd [[Prime Minister of Albania]]
	\| term_start1 = ~~14 March 1914~~		\| term_start1 = 25 December 1918
	\| term_end1 = ~~3 September 1914~~		\| term_end1 = 29 January 1920
	\| monarch1 = [[Wilhelm, Prince of Albania\|Wilhelm I]]		\| monarch1 = [[Wilhelm, Prince of Albania\|Wilhelm I]]
	\| predecessor1 = [[~~Ismail Qemali\|Ismail Kemal~~]]		\| predecessor1 = [[Essad Toptani]]
	\| successor1 = [[~~Essad Toptani (politician)\|Essad Toptani~~]]		\| successor1 = [[Sulejman Delvina]]
	\| term_start2 = ~~25 December 1918~~		\| term_start2 = 14 March 1914
	\| term_end2 = ~~29 January 1920~~		\| term_end2 = 3 September 1914
	\| monarch2 = [[Wilhelm, Prince of Albania\|Wilhelm I]]		\| monarch2 = [[Wilhelm, Prince of Albania\|Wilhelm I]]
	\| predecessor2 = ~~Essad Toptani~~		\| predecessor2 = [[Ismail Qemali]]
	\| successor2 = ~~[[Sulejman Delvina]]~~		\| successor2 = Essad Toptani
	\| order3 = [[Wali (administrative title)\|Wali]] of [[Crete]]		\| order3 = [[Wali (administrative title)\|Wali]] of [[Crete]]
	\| term_start3 = ~~1894~~		\| term_start3 = 12 March 1896
	\| term_end3 = ~~1895~~		\| term_end3 = May 1896
	\| predecessor3 = ~~Mahmud Celaleddin~~ Pasha		\| predecessor3 = [[Alexander Karatheodori Pasha]]
	\| successor3 = [[~~Alexander Karatheodori~~ Pasha]]		\| successor3 = [[Kölemen Abdullah Pasha]]
	\| term_start4 = ~~12 March 1896~~		\| term_start4 = 1894
	\| term_end4 = ~~May 1896~~		\| term_end4 = 1895
	\| predecessor4 = [[~~Alexander Karatheodori~~ Pasha]]		\| predecessor4 = [[Mahmud Celaleddin Pasha]]
	\| successor4 = ~~[[Kölemen Abdullah~~ Pasha]]		\| successor4 = Alexander Karatheodori Pasha
	\| order5 = [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ottoman Empire)\|~~Minister~~ of Foreign Affairs~~<br/>(~~Ottoman Empire)]]		\| order5 = [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ottoman Empire)\|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Ottoman Empire]]
	\| term_start5 = 1896		\| term_start5 = 1896
	\| term_end5 = 1899		\| term_end5 = 1899
	\| monarch5 = [[Abdul Hamid II]]		\| monarch5 = [[Abdul Hamid II]]
	\| 1blankname5 = [[List of Ottoman grand viziers\|Grand Vizier]]		\| 1blankname5 = [[List of Ottoman grand viziers\|Grand Vizier]]
	\| 1namedata5 = [[Halil Rifat Pasha]]		\| 1namedata5 = [[Halil Rifat Pasha]]
	\| predecessor5 = [[Said Halim Pasha]]		\| predecessor5 = [[Said Halim Pasha]]
	\| successor5 = [[Said Halim Pasha]]		\| successor5 = Said Halim Pasha
	\| birth_date = 19 ~~December 1846~~		\| birth_date = {{Birth date\|1846\|12\|19\|df=y}}
	\| birth_place = [[Trikala]], [[Ottoman Empire]] (now [[Greece]])		\| birth_place = [[Trikala]], [[Ottoman Empire]]<br />(now [[Greece]])
	\| death_date = 18 ~~February 1927 (aged 80)~~<ref name="Swire-1971-AT-313">{{cite book \|last=Swire \|first=John \|date=1971 \|title=Albania: The Rise of a Kingdom \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c1EymgEACAAJ \|location=New York \|publisher=Arno Press \|page=313\|isbn=978-0-405-02777-2 }}</ref>		\| death_date = {{Death date and age\|1927\|2\|18\|1846\|12\|19\|df=y}}<ref name="Swire-1971-AT-313">{{cite book \|last=Swire \|first=John \|date=1971 \|title=Albania: The Rise of a Kingdom \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c1EymgEACAAJ \|location=New York \|publisher=Arno Press \|page=313\|isbn=978-0-405-02777-2 }}</ref>
	\| death_place = [[Neuilly-sur-Seine\|Neuilly]], [[France]]<ref name="Swire-1971-AT-313"/>		\| death_place = [[Neuilly-sur-Seine\|Neuilly]], [[France]]<ref name="Swire-1971-AT-313"/>
	\| signature = Turhan Pasha (nënshkrim).svg		\| signature = Turhan Pasha (nënshkrim).svg
	}}		}}

	'''Turhan Pasha Përmeti''' (19 December 1846 – 18 February 1927)<ref name="Swire-1971-AT-313"/> was an Albanian politician and statesman who served as the second [[Prime Minister of Albania\|prime minister of Albania]], serving from March 1914 to September 1914 and from December 1918 to January 1920. He was also in service of the Ottoman state and held the title of [[Pasha]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]].		'''Turhan [[Pasha]] Përmeti''' (19 December 1846 – 18 February 1927)<ref name="Swire-1971-AT-313"/> was an Albanian politician and statesman who served as the second [[Prime Minister of Albania\|prime minister of Albania]], serving from March 1914 to September 1914 and from December 1918 to January 1920. He was also in service of the Ottoman state and held the title of [[Pasha]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]].

	Among the Ottoman posts he occupied were [[Governor]] of [[Crete]] 1895 and 1896, and [[Ambassador (diplomacy)\|ambassador]] in [[Saint Petersburg]]. He was a fluent [[Greek language\|Greek]] speaker and considered a capable though rather indecisive administrator. His governorship of Crete ended with the insurrection of May 24, 1896 that eventually led to the loss of the island by the Ottoman Empire. Përmeti represented the Ottoman Empire as its delegate at the [[Second Hague Peace Conference]] of 1907.<ref name="Skendi178">{{cite book\|last=Skendi\|first=Stavro\|title=The Albanian national awakening\|year=1967\|location=Princeton\|publisher=Princeton University Press\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8QPWCgAAQBAJ&q=Turkhan+Pasha&pg=PR15\|isbn=9781400847761\|pages=178}}</ref>		Among the Ottoman posts he occupied were [[Governor]] of [[Crete]] 1895 and 1896, and [[Ambassador (diplomacy)\|ambassador]] in [[Saint Petersburg]]. He was a fluent [[Greek language\|Greek]] speaker and considered a capable though rather indecisive administrator. His governorship of Crete ended with the insurrection of May 24, 1896 that eventually led to the loss of the island by the Ottoman Empire. Përmeti represented the Ottoman Empire as its delegate at the [[Second Hague Peace Conference]] of 1907.<ref name="Skendi178">{{cite book\|last=Skendi\|first=Stavro\|title=The Albanian national awakening\|year=1967\|location=Princeton\|publisher=Princeton University Press\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8QPWCgAAQBAJ&q=Turkhan+Pasha&pg=PR15\|isbn=9781400847761\|pages=178}}</ref>

imported>Sundostund: /* Sources */

2025-04-09T19:49:45Z

Sources

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{{Short description|Albanian diplomat (1846–1927)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox Prime Minister
| name = Turhan Pasha Përmeti
| image = Turhan Pasha.jpg
| order1 = 2nd [[Prime Minister of Albania]]
| term_start1 = 14 March 1914
| term_end1 = 3 September 1914
| monarch1 = [[Wilhelm, Prince of Albania|Wilhelm I]]
| predecessor1 = [[Ismail Qemali|Ismail Kemal]]
| successor1 = [[Essad Toptani (politician)|Essad Toptani]]
| term_start2 = 25 December 1918
| term_end2 = 29 January 1920
| monarch2 = [[Wilhelm, Prince of Albania|Wilhelm I]]
| predecessor2 = Essad Toptani
| successor2 = [[Sulejman Delvina]]
| order3 = [[Wali (administrative title)|Wali]] of [[Crete]]
| term_start3 = 1894
| term_end3 = 1895
| predecessor3 = Mahmud Celaleddin Pasha
| successor3 = [[Alexander Karatheodori Pasha]]
| term_start4 = 12 March 1896
| term_end4 = May 1896
| predecessor4 = [[Alexander Karatheodori Pasha]]
| successor4 = [[Kölemen Abdullah Pasha]]
| order5 = [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ottoman Empire)|Minister of Foreign Affairs<br/>(Ottoman Empire)]]
| term_start5 = 1896
| term_end5 = 1899
| monarch5 = [[Abdul Hamid II]]
| 1blankname5 = [[List of Ottoman grand viziers|Grand Vizier]]
| 1namedata5 = [[Halil Rifat Pasha]]
| predecessor5 = [[Said Halim Pasha]]
| successor5 = [[Said Halim Pasha]]
| birth_date = 19 December 1846
| birth_place = [[Trikala]], [[Ottoman Empire]] (now [[Greece]])
| death_date = 18 February 1927 (aged 80)<ref name="Swire-1971-AT-313">{{cite book |last=Swire |first=John |date=1971 |title=Albania: The Rise of a Kingdom |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c1EymgEACAAJ |location=New York |publisher=Arno Press |page=313|isbn=978-0-405-02777-2 }}</ref>
| death_place = [[Neuilly-sur-Seine|Neuilly]], [[France]]<ref name="Swire-1971-AT-313"/>
| signature = Turhan Pasha (nënshkrim).svg
}}

'''Turhan Pasha Përmeti''' (19 December 1846 – 18 February 1927)<ref name="Swire-1971-AT-313"/> was an Albanian politician and statesman who served as the second [[Prime Minister of Albania|prime minister of Albania]], serving from March 1914 to September 1914 and from December 1918 to January 1920. He was also in service of the Ottoman state and held the title of [[Pasha]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]].

Among the Ottoman posts he occupied were [[Governor]] of [[Crete]] 1895 and 1896, and [[Ambassador (diplomacy)|ambassador]] in [[Saint Petersburg]]. He was a fluent [[Greek language|Greek]] speaker and considered a capable though rather indecisive administrator. His governorship of Crete ended with the insurrection of May 24, 1896 that eventually led to the loss of the island by the Ottoman Empire. Përmeti represented the Ottoman Empire as its delegate at the [[Second Hague Peace Conference]] of 1907.<ref name="Skendi178">{{cite book|last=Skendi|first=Stavro|title=The Albanian national awakening|year=1967|location=Princeton|publisher=Princeton University Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8QPWCgAAQBAJ&q=Turkhan+Pasha&pg=PR15|isbn=9781400847761|pages=178}}</ref>

On 17 March 1914, he was appointed as [[Prime Minister of Albania|Prime Minister]] and [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Albania)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] by [[Wilhelm, Prince of Albania|Prince Wied]], in the so-called Definitive Government. He became Albania's second prime minister succeeding [[Ismail Qemali]]. Përmeti remained foreign minister until May 28, 1914, then replaced by [[Prenk Bib Doda]], who himself was succeeded by Mehmed Konica in July.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ambasadat.gov.al/istanbul-consulate/sq/historiku-i-krijimit-t%C3%AB-institucionit-t%C3%AB-ministris%C3%AB-s%C3%AB-pun%C3%ABve-t%C3%AB-jashtme-t%C3%AB-shtetit-shqiptar|title=Historiku i krijimit të institucionit të Ministrisë së Punëve të Jashtme të shtetit shqiptar {{!}} Konsullata e Përgjithshme e Republikës së Shqipërisë në Stamboll|website=www.ambasadat.gov.al|access-date=2020-01-07}}</ref> Përmeti's contemporaries argued that, because he had lacked affiliation with the Albanian national cause, he was not familiar with the needs of Albanians. His premiership was interrupted by Albanian discontent twice. He was overthrown by [[Essad Toptani (politician)|Essad Toptani]] in 1914, and then by the [[Congress of Lushnjë]] in 1920.{{fact|date=March 2021}}

== Political career ==
Përmeti served as the second [[Prime Minister of Albania|prime minister of Albania]] from 14 March 1914 to 3 September 1914 and on a second term from 25 December 1918 to 29 January 1920.<ref>{{harvnb|ASA|2009|p=2156}} "''Note'': The first government of Turhan Përmeti extended from 14 March to 20 May 1914 followed by the second government from 28 May to 3 September 1914."</ref><ref>{{harvnb|ASA|2009|p=2157}}</ref>

The composition of government was proposed since the first session of the meetings.<ref>{{citation|language=Albanian|access-date=2013-12-15|url=http://www.gazetarepublika.al/2012/12/kongresi-i-durresit-25-dhjetor-1918/|publisher=Gazeta Republika|title=Kongresi i Durrësit, 25 dhjetor 1918|trans-title=Congress of Durres, Dec 25 1918|date=2012-12-27|archive-date=15 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215214203/http://www.gazetarepublika.al/2012/12/kongresi-i-durresit-25-dhjetor-1918/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Përmeti's government of the [[Principality of Albania]] (25 December 1918 – 29 January 1920) included [[Prenk Bib Doda]], [[Mufid Libohova]], [[Luigj Bumçi]], [[Mustafa Merlika-Kruja]], [[Mihal Turtulli]], [[Mehmed Konica]], [[Sami Vrioni]], [[Mid'hat Frashëri]], [[Luigj Gurakuqi]], [[Lef Nosi]], [[Fejzi Alizoti]] and also [[Petro Poga]].{{sfn|Pearson|2006|pp=117}}{{sfn|Chekrezi|1919|pp=186}}{{sfn|Özdalga|2011|pp=327}}{{sfn|Elsie|2010|pp=273}}{{sfn|Elsie|2010|pp=179}}{{sfn|Elsie|2010|pp=334}}

== See also ==
*[[List of prime ministers of Albania]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Sources ==
{{Refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}
*{{cite book |title=Fjalor enciklopedik shqiptar: N-Zh dhe një shtojcë |year=2009 |publisher=[[Academy of Sciences of Albania]] |isbn=978-9-9956-1032-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dkc5AQAAIAAJ |access-date=21 October 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231021221403/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Fjalor_enciklopedik_shqiptar_N_Zh_dhe_nj/Dkc5AQAAIAAJ |archive-date=21 October 2023 |language=sq |url-status=live |ref={{harvid|ASA|2009}}}}
*{{cite journal |journal=[[The Adriatic Review]] |title=The Provisional Albanian Government - Hail, Free Albania! |editor-first=Constantin Anastas |editor-last=Chekrezi |editor-link=Constantin Anastas Chekrezi| location=Boston, Massachusetts |date=February 1919 |volume=1 |issue=5–6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FMU4AQAAMAAJ |publisher=Vatra}}
*{{cite book|last=Elsie|first=Robert|title=Historical Dictionary of Albania|publisher= Scarecrow Press|year=2010|isbn = 9780810861886| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=haFlGXIg8uoC&q=Jesuits+in+Albania}}
* {{cite book |title=Late Ottoman Society: The Intellectual Legacy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LRMVn7D3QVMC |first=Elisabeth |last=Özdalga |publisher=Routledge |date=2011 |series=Soas/Routledge Curzon Studies on the Middle East |isbn=978-0-415-66544-5 }}
*{{cite book| title=Albania in the Twentieth Century, A History: Volume I: Albania and King Zog, 1908–39 |first=Owen |last=Pearson| isbn=978-1-84511-013-0 |publisher=I. B. Tauris | date=2006| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3_Sh3y9IMZAC }}
{{Refend}}

{{S-start}}
{{s-gov}}
{{Succession box
|title = [[Prime Minister of Albania]]
|years = 1914
|before = [[Fejzi Alizoti]]
|after = [[Essad Toptani (politician)|Essad Toptani]]}}

{{Succession box
|title = Prime Minister of Albania
|years = 1918{{spaced ndash}}1920
|before = Essad Toptani
|after = [[Sulejman Delvina]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{Heads of state of Albania}}
{{Prime ministers of Albania}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Permeti, Turhan}}
[[Category:1839 births]]
[[Category:1927 deaths]]
[[Category:Albanian people from the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:Politicians from the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:Albanian Sunni Muslims]]
[[Category:Government of Durrës]]
[[Category:Government ministers of Albania]]
[[Category:Ministers of foreign affairs of the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:Ottoman Albanian nobility]]
[[Category:Ottoman governors of Crete]]
[[Category:People from Përmet]]
[[Category:Prime ministers of Albania]]