imported>Volcanoguy: removed Category:Geologic formations of China using HotCat

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removed Category:Geologic formations of China using HotCat

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{{Short description|Geological Group in Xinjiang, China}}
{{Infobox rockunit
| name = Tugulu Group
| image =Shengjinkou Formation.png
| caption =The [[Shengjinkou Formation]], which makes up part of the Tugulu Group. Photographed before 2021.
| type = [[Group (geology)|Group]]
| age = {{fossilrange|Early Cretaceous}}
| period = Early Cretaceous
| prilithology =
| otherlithology =
| namedfor =
| namedby =
| region = [[Xinjiang]]
| country = [[China]]
| coordinates =
| unitof =
| subunits = [[Qingshuihe Formation|Qingshuihe]], [[Hutubihe Formation|Hutubihe]], [[Shengjinkou Formation|Shengjinkou]] & [[Lianmuqin Formation]]s
| underlies = [[Donggou Formation|Donggou]] & [[Kumutake Formation]]s
| overlies = [[Kalaza Formation]]
| thickness = {{convert|150|–|1640|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| extent = [[Junggar Basin]]
| area =
| map =
| map_caption =
}}
The '''Tugulu Group''' ({{zh|s=吐谷鲁群|t=吐谷魯群|p=Tǔgǔlǔ Qún}}) is a geological [[Group (geology)|Group]] in Xinjiang, China whose strata date back to the [[Early Cretaceous]]. Dinosaur skeletal remains and footprints are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.<ref name="cretaceousdistribution">Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Early Cretaceous, Asia)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 563-570. {{ISBN|0-520-24209-2}}.</ref><ref>Lucas, Spencer G, Chinese Fossil vertebrates, Pp. 158-159, New York, Columbia University Press, {{ISBN|0-231-08483-8}}.</ref><ref name="google2">{{cite book|title=Chinese Fossil Vertebrates|author=Lucas, S.G.|date=2001|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=9780231084833|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=svFUrN8xBpwC|page=158|access-date=2015-05-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Xing|first1=Lida|last2=Lockley|first2=Martin G.|last3=Persons|first3=W. Scott|last4=Klein|first4=Hendrik|last5=Romilio|first5=Anthony|last6=Wang|first6=Donghao|last7=Wang|first7=Miaoyan|title=Stegosaur Track Assemblage from Xinjiang, China, Featuring the Smallest Known Stegosaur Record|date=2021-02-28|url=https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/sepm/palaios/article-abstract/36/2/68/595155/STEGOSAUR-TRACK-ASSEMBLAGE-FROM-XINJIANG-CHINA|journal=PALAIOS|language=en|volume=36|issue=2|pages=68–76|doi=10.2110/palo.2020.036|bibcode=2021Palai..36...68X|s2cid=233129489|issn=0883-1351|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

== Vertebrate paleofauna ==
=== Dinosaurs ===
{{paleobiota-key-compact}}
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="7" align="center" | '''[[Dinosaur]]s'''
|-
! Genus
! Species
! Location
! Stratigraphic position
! Material
! Notes
! Images
|-
| style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''[[Asiatosaurus]]''<ref name="tugulu">"48.5 Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, People's Republic of China; 1. Tugulu Group," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 567.</ref>
| style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''A. mongoliensis''<ref name="tugulu" />
| style="background:#E6E6E6;" |
| style="background:#E6E6E6;" |
| style="background:#E6E6E6;" |
| style="background:#E6E6E6;" |
| rowspan="100" |
[[File:Xiyunykus.png|thumb|center|200px|''[[Xiyunykus]]'']]
|-
| ''[[Kelmayisaurus]]''<ref name="tugulu" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app56/app20100125_acc.pdf |title=A reassessment of ''Kelmayisaurus petrolicus'', a large theropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of China |website=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |type=Preprint |access-date=2011-05-01 |archive-date=2011-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522165444/http://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app56/app20100125_acc.pdf }}</ref>
| ''K. petrolicus''<ref name="tugulu" />
|
|
| Maxilla and dentary<ref name="table-4-1-73">"Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 73.</ref>
|
|-
| ''[[Xinjiangovenator]]''
| ''X. parvus''
|
|
| Tibia and phalanges<ref name="table-4-1-78">"Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 78.</ref>
| Formerly thought to be a representative of ''[[Phaedrolosaurus]]'' ''ilikensis''.<ref name="tugulu" />
|-
| ''[[Phaedrolosaurus]]''
| ''P. ilikensis''
|
|
| A tooth<ref>Z.-M. Dong. (1973). [Dinosaurs from Wuerho]. Memoirs of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Academic Sinica 11:45-52. [Chinese]</ref>
|
|-
| ''[[Psittacosaurus]]''<ref name="tugulu" />
| ''P. xinjiangensis''<ref name="tugulu" />
|
|
| Several specimens of different ages and sizes, holotype and most complete specimen belonging to a juvenile
| An early [[ceratopsia]]n
|-
| ''[[Tugulusaurus]]''<ref name="tugulu" />
| ''T. faciles''<ref name="tugulu" />
|
|
| Hindlimb, rib, and a vertebral centrum<ref name="table-4-1-77">"Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 77.</ref>
|
|-
| ''[[Xiyunykus]]''
| ''X. pengi''
|
|
| Partial skeleton<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2018.07.057|pmid=30146153|title=Two Early Cretaceous Fossils Document Transitional Stages in Alvarezsaurian Dinosaur Evolution|journal=Current Biology|volume=28|issue=17|pages=2853–2860.e3|year=2018|last1=Xu|first1=Xing|last2=Choiniere|first2=Jonah|last3=Tan|first3=Qingwei|last4=Benson|first4=Roger B.J|last5=Clark|first5=James|last6=Sullivan|first6=Corwin|last7=Zhao|first7=Qi|last8=Han|first8=Fenglu|last9=Ma|first9=Qingyu|last10=He|first10=Yiming|last11=Wang|first11=Shuo|last12=Xing|first12=Hai|last13=Tan|first13=Lin|doi-access=free|bibcode=2018CBio...28E2853X }}</ref>
|
|-
| ''[[Wuerhosaurus]]''<ref name="tugulu" />
| ''W. homheni''<ref name="tugulu" />
|
|
| Partial skeleton<ref name="table-16-1-345">"Table 16.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 345.</ref>
| A [[Stegosauria|stegosaur]]
|-
| [[Ornithomimosauria]] indet.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Xing|first1=Lida|last2=Scott Persons IV|first2=W.|last3=Lautenschlager|first3=Stephan|last4=Wang|first4=Donghao|last5=Niu|first5=Kecheng|date=2020-12-29|title=The first record of an ornithomimosaur from the Cretaceous Tugulu Group of the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, China|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667120304274|journal=Cretaceous Research|volume=121 |language=en|pages=104740|doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104740|s2cid=233549987 |issn=0195-6671|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
| Indeterminate
|
|
| Hand claw and associated caudal vertebrae
| The first ornithomimosaur known from the [[Junggar Basin]]
|-
|}

=== Pterosaurs ===
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="7" align="center" | '''[[Pterosaur]]s'''
|-
! Genus
! Species
! Location
! Stratigraphic position
! Abundance
! Notes
! Images
|-
| ''[[Dsungaripterus]]''
| ''D. weii''<ref name="cmnh">{{cite web|url=http://dml.cmnh.org/2005Feb/msg00427.html|title=Re: The timing of stegosaur extinction|publisher=dml.cmnh.org|access-date=2015-05-17}}</ref>
|
|
|
|A [[dsungaripterid]]
| rowspan=2 | [[File:Dsungaripterus weii.jpg|thumb|center|200px|''[[Dsungaripterus]]''(top) and ''[[Noripterus]]'' (bottom)]]
|-
| ''[[Noripterus]]''
| ''N. complicidens''<ref name="epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de"/>
|
|
| Front part of the skull and lower jaws, vertebrae, and partial limbs and pelvis.
| A dsungaripterid
|-
| ''[[Lonchognathosaurus]]''
| ''L. acutirostris''<ref name="epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de">Barrett, P.M., Butler, R.J., Edwards, N.P., & Milner, A.R. Pterosaur distribution in time and space: an atlas. p61-107. in Flugsaurier: Pterosaur papers in honour of Peter Wellnhofer. 2008. Hone, D.W.E., and Buffetaut, E. (eds). Zitteliana B, 28. 264pp.[http://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12007/1/zitteliana_2008_b28_05.pdf]</ref>
|
|
|Front portion of skull and lower jaws
| Possible junior synonym of ''Dsungaripterus weii''.<ref name=ACX10>{{cite journal |last=Andres |first=B. |author2=Clark, J. M. |author3= Xing, X. |year=2010 |title=A new rhamphorhynchid pterosaur from the Upper Jurassic of Xinjiang, China, and the phylogenetic relationships of basal pterosaurs |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=163–187 |doi=10.1080/02724630903409220|bibcode=2010JVPal..30..163A |s2cid=53688256 |url=http://doc.rero.ch/record/31614/files/PAL_E956.pdf }}</ref>
|
|-
| [[Ornithocheiromorpha]] indet.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Song |first1=Junyi |last2=Zhong |first2=Yuting |last3=Jiang |first3=Shunxing |last4=Wang |first4=Xiaolin |date=2025-01-27 |title=The first ornithocheiromorph humerus from Wuerho (Urho), China, with a new isotopic age of the Tugulu Group |journal=Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências |language=en |volume=97 |pages=e20240557 |doi=10.1590/0001-3765202520240557 |issn=0001-3765|doi-access=free |pmid=39879505 }}</ref>
| Indeterminate
|
|
| Partial humerus
| The first known ornithocheiromorph from the Tugulu Group
|
|-
|}

=== Pseudosuchians ===
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! Name
! Species
! Location
! Stratigraphic position
! Material
! Notes
! Images
|-
| ''[[Edentosuchus]]''
| ''E. tienshanensis''<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.paleoglot.org/files/Li_85a.pdf | title=The Polyglot Paleontologist | access-date=2024-02-06}}</ref>
|
|
|
|A [[Crocodyliformes|crocodyliform]]
|
|-
|}

=== Turtles ===
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! Name
! Species
! Location
! Stratigraphic position
! Material
! Notes
! Images
|-
| ''[[Dracochelys]]''
| ''Dracochelys bicuspis''<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=E. S. Gaffney | author2= X. Ye|url=https://archive.org/details/dracochelys3048gaff/dracochelys3048gaff/mode/2up|title=''Dracochelys'', a new cryptodiran turtle from the Early Cretaceous of China|date=1992|journal=American Museum Novitates|issue=1–3|doi=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Donald B Brinkman|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237168967|title=New material of ''Dracochelys'' (Eucryptodira: Sinemydidae) from the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China|date=2001|doi=10.1139/e01-047|journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences|volume=38|issue=12|pages=1645–1651 |bibcode=2001CaJES..38.1645B }}</ref>
|
|
|A skull, an incomplete skeleton.
|A [[Sinemydidae|sinemydid]]
|
|-
| ''[[Ordosemys]]''
| ''O. brinkmania''<ref name=Danilov2007>{{Cite journal|author=I. G. Danilov, J. F. Parham|title=The type series of ''"Sinemys" wuerhoensis'', a problematic turtle from the Lower Cretaceous of China, includes at least three taxa|date=2007|journal=Palaeontology|volume=50|issue=2|page=431 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00632.x |bibcode=2007Palgy..50..431D }}</ref>
|
|
|An isolated skull, several shells.
|A sinemydid
|
|-
| ''[[Xinjiangchelys]]''
| Indeterminate
|
|
| A shell preserved on a slab in ventral view<ref name=Danilov2007/>
|A [[Xinjiangchelyidae|xinjiangchelyid]]
|
|-
| ''[[Wuguia]]''
| ''W. efremovi''<ref>{{Cite journal|author=I. G. Danilov, V. B. Sukhanov|title=A basal eucryptodiran turtle ''"Sinemys" efremovi'' (= ''Wuguia efremovi'') from the Early Cretaceous of China|date=2005|journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica|volume=51|issue=1}}</ref><br>''W. hutubeiensis''<ref>{{Cite journal|author=A. T. Matzke, M. W. Maisch, H. Pfretzschner, G. Sun, H. Stöhr|title=A new basal sinemydid turtle (Reptilia: Testudines) from the Lower Cretaceous Tugulu Group of the Junggar Basin (NW China)|date=2004|journal=Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte|volume=2004|issue=3|pages=151–167 |doi=10.1127/njgpm/2004/2004/151}}</ref>
|
|
|Partial shells (''W. efremovi''), an incomplete skeleton (''W. hutubeiensis'')
|A sinemydid
|
|-
| [[Pantrionychia]] indet.
|
|
|
| A poorly preserved skull in dorsal view<ref name=Danilov2007/>
| A [[cryptodira]]n
|
|-
|}

=== Fish ===
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! Name
! Species
! Location
! Stratigraphic position
! Abundance
! Notes
! Images
|-
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Bogdaichthys]]''<ref name="Averianov2000">{{cite journal |last1=Averianov |first1=A. |last2=Skutschas |first2=P. |title=A eutherian mammal from the Early Cretaceous of Russia and biostratigraphy of the Asian Early Cretaceous vertebrate assemblages |journal=Lethaia |date=2000 |volume=33 |issue=4 |pages=330–340 |doi=10.1080/002411600750053899|bibcode=2000Letha..33..330A }}</ref>
| ''B. fukangensis''
|
|
|
| rowspan="2" | A [[siyuichthyid]]<ref name="Arratia2013">{{cite journal |last1=Arratia |first1=G. |title=Morphology, taxonomy, and phylogeny of Triassic pholidophorid fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei) |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |date=2013 |volume=33 |issue=sup1 |pages=1–138 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2013.835642|bibcode=2013JVPal..33S...1A |s2cid=86605978 }}</ref>
|
|-
| ''B. serratus''
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[Dsungarichthys]]''<ref name="Averianov2000" />
| ''D. bilineatus''
|
|
|
| A siyuichthyid
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Manasichthys]]''<ref name="Averianov2000" />
| ''M. elongatus''
|
|
|
| rowspan="2" | A siyuichthyid
|
|-
| ''M. tuguluensis''
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[Neobaleiichthys]]''<ref name="Averianov2000" />
| ''N. chikuensis''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | ''[[Siyuichthys]]''<ref name="Averianov2000" />
| ''S. ornatus''
|
|
|
| rowspan="3" | A siyuichthyid
|
|-
| ''S. pulchellus''
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''S. pulcher''
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[Uighuroniscus]]''<ref name="Averianov2000" />
| ''U. sinkiangensis''
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[Wukangia]]''<ref name="Averianov2000" />
| ''W. houyanshanensis''
|
|
|
| A siyuichthyid
|
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
* {{cite book |editor-last=Weishampel |editor-first=David B. |editor-link=David B. Weishampel |editor-last2=Dodson |editor-first2=Peter |editor-link2=Peter Dodson |editor-last3=Osmólska |editor-first3=Halszka |editor-link3=Halszka Osmólska |year=2004 |title=The Dinosauria |edition=2nd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vtZFDb_iw40C |publisher=Berkeley: University of California Press |access-date=2019-02-21 |isbn=0-520-24209-2}}

{{coord missing|Xinjiang}}

[[Category:Geologic groups of China]]
[[Category:Lower Cretaceous Series of Asia]]
[[Category:Cretaceous China]]
[[Category:Paleontology in Xinjiang]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]

{{paleo-site-stub}}
{{PRChina-geo-stub}}

Tugulu Group - Revision history

imported>Volcanoguy: removed Category:Geologic formations of China using HotCat