http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Tibeto-Kanauri_languagesTibeto-Kanauri languages - Revision history2026-06-02T02:58:54ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.43.1http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?title=Tibeto-Kanauri_languages&diff=7866288&oldid=previmported>BowlChevyk517 at 09:29, 15 May 20252025-05-15T09:29:34Z<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Proposed language group}}<br />
{{Infobox language family<br />
| name = Tibeto-Kanauri<br />
| altname = Bodic, Bodish–Himalayish<br>Western Tibeto-Burman<br />
| region = [[Nepal]], [[Tibet]], [[Northeast India]] and other neighboring areas<br />
| familycolor = Sino-Tibetan<br />
| fam1 = [[Sino-Tibetan]]<br />
| fam2 = [[Tibeto-Burman]]<br />
| child1 = [[Bodish languages|Bodish]]<br />
| child2 = [[West Himalayish languages|West Himalayish]]<br />
| child3 = [[Tamangic languages|Tamangic]]<br />
| child4 = [[Gongduk language|Gongduk]]<br />
| glotto = bodi1256<br />
| glottorefname = Bodic<br />
| acceptance = proposed<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Tibeto-Kanauri languages''', also called '''Bodic''', '''Bodish–Himalayish''', and '''Western Tibeto-Burman''', are a proposed intermediate level of classification of the [[Sino-Tibetan languages]], centered on the [[Tibetic languages]] and the [[Kinnauri language|Kinnauri dialect cluster]]. The conception of the relationship, or if it is even a valid group, varies between researchers.<br />
<br />
==Conceptions of Tibeto-Kanauri==<br />
{{Css Image Crop<br />
|Image = SinoTibetanTree.svg<br />
|bSize = 800<br />
|cWidth = 300<br />
|cHeight = 215<br />
|oTop = 190<br />
|oLeft = 493<br />
|Location = right<br />
|Description = Western Tibeto-Burman languages, largely following Thurgood and La Polla (2003).<ref name=Thurgood>{{cite book|last1=Thurgood |first1=Graham |last2=LaPolla |first2=Randy J. (ed.s) |year=2003 |title=Sino-Tibetan Languages |location=[[London]] |publisher=[[Routledge]] |ISBN=0-7007-1129-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5MeWSTQ7F44C}}</ref> <br />
}}<br />
Benedict (1972) originally posited the Tibeto-Kanauri {{sm|aka}} Bodish–Himalayish relationship, but had a more expansive conception of Himalayish than generally found today, including [[Qiangic languages|Qiangic]], [[Magaric languages|Magaric]], and [[Lepcha language|Lepcha]]. Within Benedict's conception, Tibeto-Kanauri is one of seven linguistic nuclei, or centers of gravity along a spectrum, within [[Tibeto-Burman languages]]. The center-most nucleus identified by Benedict is the [[Jingpho language]] (including perhaps the [[Kachin–Luic languages|Kachin–Luic]] and [[Tamangic languages]]); other peripheral nuclei besides Tibeto-Kanauri include the [[Kiranti languages]] (Bahing–Vayu and perhaps the [[Newar language]]); the [[Tani languages]]; the [[Bodo–Garo languages]] and perhaps the [[Konyak languages]]); the [[Kukish languages]] (Kuki–Naga plus perhaps the [[Karbi language]], the [[Meitei language]] and the [[Mru language]]); and the [[Burmish languages]] ([[Lolo-Burmese languages]], perhaps also the [[Nung language (Sino-Tibetan)|Nung language]] and [[Taron people|Trung]]).<ref name=Benedict72>{{cite book|title=Sino-Tibetan: a Conspectus |volume=2 |series=Princeton-Cambridge Studies in Chinese Linguistics |first=Paul K. |last=Benedict |publisher=CUP Archive |year=1972 |pages=4–11 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sww9AAAAIAAJ}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Matisoff (1978, 2003) largely follows Benedict's scheme, stressing the teleological value of identifying related characteristics over mapping detailed family trees in the study of [[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto-Burman]] and [[Sino-Tibetan languages]]. Matisoff includes Bodish and West Himalayish with the [[Lepcha language]] as a third branch. He unites these at a higher level with [[Mahakiranti languages|Mahakiranti]] as ''Himalayish.''<ref name=Matisoff78>{{cite book|title=Variational semantics in Tibeto-Burman: The "Organic" Approach to Linguistic Comparison |volume=6 |series=Occasional papers, Wolfenden Society on Tibeto-Burman Linguistics |first=James A. |last=Matisoff |publisher=Institute for the Study of Human Issues |year=1978 |isbn=0-915980-85-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UWuuAAAAIAAJ}}</ref><ref name=Matisoff03>{{cite book|title=Handbook of Proto-Tibeto-Burman: System and Philosophy of Sino-Tibetan Reconstruction |volume=135 |series=University of California Publications in Linguistics |first=James A. |last=Matisoff |publisher=University of California Press |year=2003 |isbn=0-520-09843-9 |pages=1–9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3g8VZcAfETcC}}</ref><br />
<br />
Van Driem (2001) notes that the [[Bodish languages|Bodish]], [[West Himalayish languages|West Himalayish]], and [[Tamangic languages|Tamangic]] languages (but not Benedict's other families) appear to have a common origin.<ref name=vanDriem2001>{{cite book|title=Languages of the Himalayas: an Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region: Containing an Introduction to the Symbiotic Theory of Language |volume=10 |series=Handbuch der Orientalistik. Zweite Abteilung, Indien |first=George |last=van Driem |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|BRILL]] |year=2001 |isbn=90-04-10390-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fiavPYCz4dYC}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Bradley (1997) takes much the same approach but words things differently: he incorporates West Himalayish and Tamangic as branches within his "Bodish", which thus becomes close to Tibeto-Kanauri. This and his ''Himalayan'' family{{fix|text=same as Mahakiranti?}} constitute his Bodic family.<ref name=Bradley1994>{{cite book|title=Tibeto-Burman Languages of the Himalayas |issue=14 |series=Occasional Papers in South-East Asian linguistics |first=David |last=Bradley |publisher=Dept. of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, [[Australian National University]] |year=1997 |isbn=0-85883-456-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTESAAAAYAAJ}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
*{{cite conference |title=The subgrouping of Tibeto-Burman |first=David |last=Bradley |book-title=Medieval Tibeto-Burman languages: proceedings of a symposium held in Leiden, June 26, 2000, at the 9th Seminar of the International Association of Tibetan Studies |series=Brill's Tibetan studies library |volume=1 |editor=Christopher I. Beckwith |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|BRILL]] |year=2002 |pages=73–112 |isbn=978-90-04-12424-0 }}<br />
*{{cite book|title=Research on Tibeto-Burman languages |volume=14 |series=Trends in Linguistics |first=Austin |last=Hale |chapter=Review of Research |pages=30–49 ''passim'' |publisher=[[Walter de Gruyter]] |year=1982 |isbn=978-90-279-3379-9 }}<br />
*{{cite book|title=Annual Review of South Asian Languages and Linguistics: 2009 |volume=222 |series=Trends in Linguistics, Studies and Monographs |first=Rajendra |last=Singh |publisher=[[Walter de Gruyter]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-3-11-022559-4 |pages=154–161 }}<br />
<br />
{{Bodic languages}}<br />
{{Sino-Tibetan branches}}<br />
[[Category:Bodish languages|*]]</div>imported>BowlChevyk517