imported>UtherSRG: Reverted edit by 2601:6C1:980:83A0:C9D5:3BE2:F05:ED0F (talk) to last version by Entranced98

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Reverted edit by 2601:6C1:980:83A0:C9D5:3BE2:F05:ED0F (talk) to last version by Entranced98

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{{Short description|Subspecies of mammal}}
{{subspeciesbox
| name = Tatra chamois
| image = Tatra Chamois.jpg
| status = EN
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref =<ref name="iucn">{{Cite journal | author = Anderwald, P. | author2 = Ambarli, H. | author3 = Avramov, S. | author4 = Ciach, M. | author5 = Corlatti, L. | author6 = Farkas, A. | author7 = Jovanovic, M. | author8 = Papaioannou, H. | author9 = Peters, W. | author10 = Sarasa, M. | author11 = Šprem, N. | author12 = Weinberg, P. | author13 = Willisch, C.
| name-list-style = amp | title = ''Rupicapra rupicapra'' | journal = [[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] | volume = 2020 | page = e.T39255A22149561 | publisher = [[IUCN]] | date = 2020 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/39255/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T39255A22149561.en | s2cid = 242186346 | access-date = 27 May 2022| doi-access = free }}</ref>
| genus = Rupicapra
| species = rupicapra
| subspecies = tatrica
| authority = (Blahout, 1971/1972)
}}
[[File:Młoda kozica tatrzańska.jpg|thumb|A young Tatra chamois]]
The '''Tatra chamois''' (''Rupicapra rupicapra tatrica''; {{langx|sk|Kamzík vrchovský tatranský}}; {{langx|pl|Kozica tatrzańska}}) is a subspecies of the [[chamois]] of the genus ''[[Rupicapra]]''. Tatra chamois live in the [[Tatra Mountains]] in [[Slovakia]] and [[Poland]].

==Population and distribution==
The Tatra chamois live in all parts of the Tatras: [[West Tatras]] (Slovakia and Poland) and [[Eastern Tatras]], which consist of the [[High Tatras]] (Slovakia and Poland) and the [[Belianske Tatras]] (Slovakia), all protected by national parks in both countries.

The population has undergone several troughs and peaks in known history, with the most noticeable troughs occurring during both world wars. The largest population in the 20th century was recorded in the year 1964, when as much as 940 individuals were counted in the Slovak region of the Tatras. Subsequently, the population declined steadily to the lowest recorded numbers in history at the end of the century. During the years 1999-2000 numbers dropped below 200 individuals, which is considered a critical population size for the long-term survival of the subspecies.

A 5-year programme to save the Tatra chamois started in 2001, focusing on preserving its environment - especially during the mating season - by strict regulation of tourism and suppression of poaching.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.enoviny.sk/print.phtml/?cid=6079 | title=Program záchrany kamzíka vrchovského tatranského na roky 2001 - 2005 | year=2001 | language=Slovak | access-date=2016-07-21 | archive-date=2016-08-16 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816173854/http://www.enoviny.sk/print.phtml/?cid=6079 | url-status=dead }}</ref> The population started to recover, and after some 10 years it even reached its highest numbers in recorded history.

As of 2006, the [[Slovak Tatra National Park]] was home to 371 chamois, of which 72 were lambs, and the [[Polish Tatra National Park]] was home to 117 chamois, of which 27 were lambs.<ref>{{cite web | publisher = Tatra National Park Administration | url = http://www.spravatanap.org/download/tanap-noviny-2006-01.pdf | title = Kamzík tatranský vrchovský | date = September 2006 | language = Slovak | access-date = June 19, 2007 | archive-date = March 24, 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120324221745/http://www.spravatanap.org/download/tanap-noviny-2006-01.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref> As of 2010, a population recovered to 841 chamois, of which 74 were lambs, 699 (57 lambs) in Slovakia and 142 (17 lambs) in Poland, which is near the peak of 1964.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.tatry.cz/cs/kamziku-je-letos-v-tatrach-841 | title=Kamzíků je letos v Tatrách 841 |trans-title=841 Chamois in Tatras this year | language=Czech | date=November 4, 2010 | author=Libor Bolda }}</ref> The highest ever population was recorded in 2018, when 1,431 individuals were counted in Tatras.

{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|+ style="font-weight:normal;text-align:left" | Dynamics of Tatra chamois population:
|- style="text-align:center"
! Year
| colspan="6"| || 1997 || 1998 || 1999 || 2000
|- style="text-align:center"
! Population
| colspan="6"| || 352 || 200 || style="color:red" | 162 || style="color:red" | '''160'''
|-
| colspan="11" |
|- style="text-align:center"
! Year
| 2001 || 2002 || 2003 || 2004 || 2005 || 2006 || 2007 || 2008 || 2009 || 2010
|- style="text-align:center"
! Population
| 205 || 333 || 345 || 422 || 486 || 488 || 532 || 701 || 720 || 841
|-
| colspan="11" |
|- style="text-align:center"
! Year
| 2011 || 2012 || 2013 || 2014 || 2015 || 2016 || 2017 || 2018 || 2019 || 2020
|- style="text-align:center"
! Population
| 929 || 1096 || 1186 || 1389 || 1345 || 1367 || 1263 || 1431 || 1367 || 983
|-
| colspan="11" |
|- style="text-align:center"
! Year
| 2021 || 2022 || 2023
|- style="text-align:center"
! Population
| 1095 || 1222 || 926
|}

Census results:
<ref>{{cite web
| publisher=Tatra National Park Administration
| url=http://www.spravatanap.org/documents/60.html
| title=Fauna Tatranského národného parku
| year=2008
| language=Slovak
| access-date=January 19, 2009
| url-status=dead
| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100329135204/http://www.spravatanap.org/documents/60.html
| archivedate=March 29, 2010 }}
</ref>
<ref>
{{cite web
| url = http://spravatanap.sk/web/index.php/aktualne-sk/11-slovak/aktualne/66-pocitanie-kamzikov-v-tatrach
| title = Autumn census 2012
| date = 31 October 2012
| publisher = TANAP Administration
| language = Slovak
}}
</ref>
<ref>
{{cite web
| url = http://spravatanap.sk/web/index.php/aktualne-sk/11-slovak/aktualne/163-kamziky-v-tatrach-sa-scituju-uz-56-rokov
| title = Autumn census 2013
| date = 30 October 2013
| publisher = TANAP Administration
| language = Slovak
}}
</ref>
<ref>
{{cite web
| url = http://spravatanap.sk/web/index.php/11-aktualne/282-jesenne-scitanie-kamzikov
| title = Autumn census 2014
| date = 28 October 2014
| publisher = TANAP Administration
| language = Slovak
}}
</ref>
<ref>
{{cite web
| url = http://spravatanap.sk/web/index.php/aktualne-sk/11-slovak/aktualne/398-scitanie-kamzikov
| title = Autumn census 2015
| date = 5 November 2015
| publisher = TANAP Administration
| language = Slovak
}}
</ref>
<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.lesytanap.sk/sk/tlacove-spravy/sprava/jesenne-scitanie-kamzikov/
| title = Autumn census 2016
| date = 8 November 2016
| publisher = TANAP Administration
| language = Slovak
| access-date = 19 November 2016
| archive-date = 6 December 2017
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171206005859/http://www.lesytanap.sk/sk/tlacove-spravy/sprava/jesenne-scitanie-kamzikov/
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>
<ref>
{{cite web
| url = http://spravatanap.sk/web/index.php/aktualne-sk/11-slovak/aktualne/521-jesenne-scitanie-tatranskych-kamzikov-v-roku-2017
| title = Autumn census 2017
| date = 14 November 2017
| publisher = TANAP Administration
| language = Slovak
}}
</ref>
<ref>
{{cite web
| url = https://spis.korzar.sme.sk/c/20951636/v-tatrach-bude-zimovat-rekordny-pocet-kamzikov.html
| title = Autumn census 2018
| date = 2 November 2018
| publisher = sme.sk
| language = Slovak
}}
</ref>
<ref>
{{cite web
| url = https://www3.teraz.sk/magazin/jesenne-scitanie-kamzikov-v-tatrach/228567-clanok.html
| title = Autumn census 2019
| date = 16 November 2019
| publisher = TASR
| language = Slovak
}}
</ref>
<ref>
{{cite web
| url = http://spravatanap.sk/web/index.php/aktualne-sk/11-slovak/aktualne/610-jesenne-scitanie-kamzikov-v-roku-2020
| title = Autumn census 2020
| date = 5 November 2020
| publisher = TANAP Administration
| language = Slovak
}}
</ref>
<ref>
{{cite web
| url = http://spravatanap.sk/web/index.php/aktualne-sk/11-slovak/aktualne/667-jesenne-scitanie-kamzikov-2021
| title = Autumn census 2021
| date = 5 November 2021
| publisher = TANAP Administration
| language = Slovak
}}
</ref>
<ref>
{{cite web
| url = https://www.tanap.sk/kamziky-scitavali-po-novom/
| title = Autumn census 2022
| date = 7 November 2022
| publisher = TANAP Administration
| language = Slovak
}}
</ref>
<ref>
{{cite web
| url = https://www.tanap.sk/v-tatrach-bude-zimovat-minimalne-926-kamzikov/
| title = Autumn census 2023
| date = 7 November 2023
| publisher = TANAP Administration
| language = Slovak
}}
</ref>

===Introduction to the Low Tatras===
Because of concerns about survivability in its native range, the Tatra chamois was also artificially introduced into the [[Low Tatras]] mountains, situated south of [[Tatras]], between the years 1969 and 1976, to create a reserve population there. The introduction involved 30 individuals and was successful as the population grew to a stable 100-130 individuals.<ref>{{cite web | publisher = Low Tatras National Park Administration | url = http://www.napant.sk/fauna/kamzik.htm | title = Kamzík vrchovský tatranský (''Rupicapra rupicapra tatrica'') | date = 19 June 2007 | language = Slovak | access-date = 19 June 2007 | archive-date = 23 June 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150623074742/http://www.napant.sk/fauna/kamzik.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref>

However, recent DNA studies have shown that the Low Tatras population crossbred with Alpine chamois migrating from the [[Greater Fatra|Fatra]] mountains and the [[Slovak Paradise National Park]]. The Low Tatra chamois are no longer considered pure and therefore cannot act as a reserve population for the Tatra chamois. The Alpine chamois were introduced into Slovakia for hunting purposes before the Tatra chamois were officially classified as a separate subspecies.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://poprad.korzar.sme.sk/c/6103578/nizkotatranske-kamziky-uz-tatranskeho-nezachrania.html | title = Nízkotatranské kamzíky už tatranského nezachránia | date = 19 October 2011 | language = Slovak | publisher = Popradský Korzár }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Rupicapra rupicapra tatrica|''Rupicapra rupicapra tatrica'' (Tatra chamois)}}
*[http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/39255/0 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: ''Rupicapra rupicapra tatrica'' (Tatra chamois)] — ''Listed as Endangered (EN) B1+2ab''.

{{Taxonbar|from=Q4178752}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tatra Chamois}}
[[Category:Caprids]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of Poland]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of Slovakia]]
[[Category:Mammals of Europe]]
[[Category:Tatra Mountains]]
[[Category:Critically endangered animals]]
[[Category:Habitats Directive species]]

Tatra chamois - Revision history

imported>UtherSRG: Reverted edit by 2601:6C1:980:83A0:C9D5:3BE2:F05:ED0F (talk) to last version by Entranced98