http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Tamangic_languagesTamangic languages - Revision history2026-06-02T12:31:28ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.43.1http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?title=Tamangic_languages&diff=7866365&oldid=previmported>Adavidb: /* References */ beyond stub2025-05-01T14:09:05Z<p><span class="autocomment">References: </span> beyond stub</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Sino-Tibetan branch of central-eastern Nepal}}<br />
{{distinguish|Tamanic languages}}<br />
{{Infobox language family<br />
| name = Tamangic<br />
| region = [[Nepal]], [[India]] ([[Sikkim]])<br />
| familycolor = Sino-Tibetan<br />
| fam2 = [[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto-Burman]]<br />
| fam3 = [[Tibeto-Kanauri languages|Tibeto-Kanauri]] ?<br />
| child1 = Tamangic proper ("TGTM")<br />
| child2 = [[Ghale languages|Ghale]]<br />
| child3 = [[Kaike language|Kaike]]<br />
| map = The Tamangic languages map.png<br />
| glotto = kaik1248<br />
| glottorefname = Kaike–Ghale–Tamangic<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Tamangic languages''', '''TGTM languages''', or '''West Bodish languages''' or '''Kaike-Ghale-Tamangic languages''' ([[Glottolog]]), are a family of [[Sino-Tibetan languages]] spoken in the Himalayas of [[Nepal]]. They are called "West Bodish" by Bradley (1997), from ''Bod'', the native term for [[Tibet]]. '''TGTM''' stands for [[Tamang language|'''T'''amang]]-[[Gurung language|'''G'''urung]]-[[Thakali language|'''T'''hakali]]-[[Manang language|'''M'''anang]].<br />
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Proto-TGTM has been [[Linguistic reconstruction|reconstructed]] in Mazaudon (1994). Tamangic is united with the [[Bodish languages|Bodish]] and [[West Himalayish languages]] in Bradley's (1997) "Bodish" and Van Driem's (2001) [[Tibeto-Kanauri languages|Tibeto-Kanauri]].<br />
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==Languages==<br />
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The Tamangic languages are:<br />
*[[Tamang language|Tamang]] (several divergent varieties, with a million speakers)<br />
*[[Gurung language|Gurung]] (two varieties with low mutual intelligibility)<br />
*[[Thakali language|Thakali]] (including the Seke dialect; ethnically Tamang)<br />
*[[Manang language|Manang]] language cluster: the closely related [[Manang language|Manang]], [[Gyasumdo language|Gyasumdo]], [[Nar Phu language|Nar Phu]], and [[Nyeshangte language|Nyeshangte]] languages.<br />
*[[Chantyal language|Chantyal]]<br />
*[[Ghale languages]] ([[Ghale language|Ghale]] and [[Kutang language|Kutang]]): spoken by ethnic Tamang, perhaps related to Tamangic.<br />
*[[Kaike language|Kaike]] (moribund): may be the most divergent.<br />
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==Footnotes==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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==References==<br />
* Bradley, David (1997). "[http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/bradley1997tibeto-burman.pdf Tibeto-Burman languages and classification]". In ''Tibeto-Burman languages of the Himalayas, Papers in South East Asian linguistics''. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.<br />
* George van Driem (2001) ''Languages of the Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region.'' Brill.<br />
*{{cite book | author=Georg, Stefan | title=Marphatan Thakali. Untersuchungen zur Sprache des Dorfes Marpha im Oberen Kali-Gandaki-Tal/Nepal | publisher=LINCOM EUROPA | location=München | year=1996 | isbn=90-04-09905-0}}<br />
* Mazaudon, Martine. 1994. Problèmes de comparatisme et de reconstruction dans quelques langues de la famille tibéto-birmane. Thèse d'Etat, Université de la Sorbonne Nouvelle.<br />
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{{Sino-Tibetan languages}}<br />
{{Bodic languages}}<br />
{{Languages of Nepal}}<br />
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[[Category:Tamangic languages| ]]<br />
[[Category:Languages of Nepal|*]]</div>imported>Adavidb