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{{short description|14th-century Duchess of Bavaria}}
{{Infobox nobility
|name =Taddea Visconti
|title =Duchess of Bavaria
|birth_date =1351
|birth_place =[[Milan]], [[Italy]]
|death_date ={{death date and age|1381|9|28|1351}}
|death_place =[[Munich]], [[Germany]]
|spouse =[[Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria]]
|issue =[[Louis VII, Duke of Bavaria]]<br/>[[Isabeau of Bavaria|Isabeau, Queen of France]]
|father =[[Bernabò Visconti]], Lord of Milan
|mother =[[Beatrice Regina della Scala]]
|noble family =[[House of Visconti (Milan)|Visconti]]
||image=File:Zimmermann - Taddea Visconti.jpg|caption=A posthumous engraving of Taddea by Joseph Zimmermann}}
'''Taddea Visconti, Duchess of Bavaria''' (1351 – 28 September 1381) was an Italian noblewoman of the [[House of Visconti (Milan)|Visconti]] family, the ruling house in [[Milan]] from 1277 to 1447. She was the first wife of [[Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria]], and the mother of the French queen [[Isabeau of Bavaria]].{{sfn|Kibler|Zinn|2006|p=909}}

==Early life==
[[Image:Bernabò e Beatrice Visconti.jpg|thumb|left|[[Bernabò Visconti]] and [[Beatrice Regina della Scala]], the parents of Taddea Visconti]]
Born in Milan in 1351, sometime after 27 June, Taddea was the eldest child of [[Bernabò Visconti]], Lord of Milan, and [[Beatrice Regina della Scala]] (1331–18 June 1384).{{sfn|Rohr|2016|p=53}} She had fourteen younger siblings, but she was her parents' favorite child. Her paternal grandparents were [[Stefano Visconti]], Lord of Milan, and Valentina [[Doria (family)|Doria]], and her maternal grandparents were [[Mastino II della Scala]] and Taddea [[da Carrara]].

Taddea's father Bernabò, continually at war with the papacy (for which he was excommunicated), was a ruthless despot,{{sfn|Tuchman|1978|p=254}} who would, in 1385, be overthrown by his nephew and son-in-law [[Gian Galeazzo Visconti]] and later poisoned in the [[Visconti Castle (Trezzo sull'Adda)|castle of Trezzo]].{{sfn|Tuchman|1978|p=437–438}}

==Marriage==
[[Bavaria]] was the wealthiest and most powerful of the German states at the time. Bernabò managed to secure the marriages of four of his children to members of the ruling [[Wittelsbach]] family. Taddea, being the eldest, was the first of the four Visconti children selected.

In 1367, Taddea became the first wife of Stephen III of Bavaria-Ingolstadt, who, on 13 May 1375, became Duke of Bavaria.{{sfn|Rohr|2016|p=53}} He ruled jointly with his brothers, [[Frederick, Duke of Bavaria|Frederick]] (who married Taddea's younger sister Maddalena) and [[John II, Duke of Bavaria|John II]], in Bavaria-Landshut. Taddea brought a dowry of 100,000 gold [[ducat (coin)|ducats]].{{sfn|Tuchman|1978|p=436}} Her husband Stephen (who was 14 years older than her) is described by writer [[Barbara Tuchman]] as "reckless, prodigal, ostentatious, amorous, restless without a tournament or war and well-suited to a Visconti daughter".{{sfn|Tuchman|1978|p=437–438}}

The marriage produced three children:
* [[Louis VII, Duke of Bavaria]] (c. 1368–2 May 1447), married firstly [[Anne de Bourbon]],{{sfn|Adams|2010|p=256}} by whom he had issue, and secondly, [[Catherine of Alençon|Catherine d'Alençon]]. He had several illegitimate children by various mistresses.
* [[Isabeau of Bavaria]], (early 1370–24 September 1435), [[Queen consort]] of King [[Charles VI of France]], whom she married on 17 July 1385.{{sfn|Adams|2010|p=256}}
* unnamed son (born and died in 1377)
Adjustment to life in Bavaria proved a difficult challenge for Taddea, prompting her, in later years, to take extended journeys abroad. The climate of Munich did not prove healthy for her, and she developed a persistent cough and recurring fever. After Stephen III became duke, Taddea was required to attend more state functions, her health notwithstanding. In the 1370s, she began to pay long visits to her homeland, usually bringing her husband and children with her, and stopping at Milan to visit her family. She visited Rome in 1378.

==Death and legacy==
After a trip to Milan in December 1380, Taddea fell seriously ill. By the time she returned to Bavaria, she was suffering from fever, coughing and weight loss. Her health continued to fail and she died on 28 September 1381 in [[Munich]] at the age of 30. She was buried in [[Munich Frauenkirche|Unsere Liebe Frau]].{{sfn|Richardson|2011|p=214}} When news of her death reached Milan, her devastated father ordered his subjects to wear mourning clothes.
Less than four years later, her daughter, Isabeau, became Queen of France. Taddea's husband Stephen married secondly, on 16 January 1401, [[Elisabeth of Cleves]], daughter of Count [[Adolf III of Cleves]]. This second marriage was childless.

== Ancestry ==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
| boxstyle_1 = background-color: #fcc;
| boxstyle_2 = background-color: #fb9;
| boxstyle_3 = background-color: #ffc;
| boxstyle_4 = background-color: #bfc;
| boxstyle_5 = background-color: #9fe;
| 1 = 1. '''Taddea Visconti'''
| 2 = 2. [[Bernabò Visconti]]
| 3 = 3. [[Beatrice Regina della Scala]]
| 4 = 4. [[Stefano Visconti]]
| 5 = 5. Valentina Doria
| 6 = 6. [[Mastino II della Scala]]
| 7 = 7. Taddea da Carrara
| 8 = 8. [[Matteo I Visconti]]
| 9 = 9. [[Bonacossa Borri]]
| 10 = 10. Bernabò Doria
| 11 = 11. Eliana Fieschi
| 12 = 12. [[Alboino I della Scala]]
| 13 = 13. Beatrice da Correggio
| 14 = 14. [[Jacopo I da Carrara]]
| 15 = 15. Anna Gradenigo
| 16 = 16. [[Teobaldo Visconti (1230-1276)|Teobaldo Visconti]]
| 17 = 17. Anastasia Pirovano
| 18 = 18. [[Squarcina Borri]]
| 19 = 19. Antonia
| 20 = 20. Brancaleone Doria
| 21 = 21. Caterina Zancha
| 22 = 22. Federico Fieschi
| 23 = 23. Chiara
| 24 = 24. [[Alberto I della Scala]]
| 25 = 25. Verde di Salizzole
| 26 = 26. Gilberto III da Correggio
| 27 = 27. Elena Malaspina
| 28 = 28. Marsilio III da Carrara
| 29 = 29. ... di Carturo
| 30 = 30. [[Pietro Gradenigo]]
| 31 = 31. Tommasina Morosini
}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Sources ==
*{{cite book |title=The Life and Afterlife of Isabeau of Bavaria |first=Tracy |last=Adams |publisher=The Johns Hopkins University Press |year=2010 }}
*{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Medieval France: An Encyclopedia |editor-first1=William W. |editor-last1=Kibler |editor-first2=Grover A. |editor-last2=Zinn |title=Isabeau of Bavaria |publisher=Routledge |year=2006 }}
*{{cite book |title=Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study In Colonial And Medieval Families |edition=2nd |first=Douglas |last=Richardson |publisher=Genealogical Publishing Company |year=2011 }}
*{{cite book |title=Yolande of Aragon (1381-1442) Family and Power: The Reverse of the Tapestry |first=Zita Eva |last=Rohr |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2016 }}
*{{cite book |first=Barbara |last=Tuchman |title=A Distant Mirror |url=https://archive.org/details/distantmirror00tuch |url-access=registration |publisher=Alfred A Knopf |year=1978 |isbn=9780394400266 }}

{{s-start}}
{{succession box|title=[[List of Bavarian consorts|Duchess of Bavaria-Ingolstadt]]<br>''With [[Maddalena Visconti]]''|before=[[Katharine of Bohemia]] (United Bavaria)|after=[[Elisabeth of Cleves]] |years=1375–1381}}
{{s-end}}

{{Duchesses of Bavaria by marriage}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Visconti, Taddea}}
[[Category:1351 births]]
[[Category:1381 deaths]]
[[Category:House of Visconti|Taddea]]
[[Category:Duchesses in Italy]]
[[Category:House of Wittelsbach]]
[[Category:14th-century Italian women]]
[[Category:14th-century Italian nobility]]
[[Category:Burials at Munich Frauenkirche]]
[[Category:Mothers of Bavarian monarchs]]

Taddea Visconti - Revision history

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