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{{Short description|Genus of flies}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Stylogaster (from PZSL1850PlateAnnulosa19).png
| image_caption = ''Stylogaster leonum''
| taxon = Stylogaster
| authority = [[Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart|Macquart]], 1835
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = Many
}}
[[File:Stylogaster on self heal.jpg|thumb|''Stylogaster'' species obtaining nectar from a [[Prunella (plant)|self-heal]] flower]]

The [[conopidae|conopid]] genus '''''Stylogaster''''' is a group of unusual flies. It is the only genus in the subfamily '''Stylogastrinae''', which some authorities have historically treated as a separate family '''Stylogastridae''' (or '''Stylogasteridae''').

==Biology==
Stylogastrines are obligate associates of [[cockroach]]es, [[Orthoptera]], some [[Calyptratae|Diptera]] and [[ant]]s.<ref name="Couri06">{{cite journal | last = Couri | first = Marcia S. |author2=Pont, Adrian C. | year = 2006 | title = Eggs of ''Stylogaster'' Macquart (Diptera: Conopidae) on Madagascan muscids (Diptera: Muscidae) | journal = Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences | volume = 57 | issue = 16 | series = 4 |pages=473–478 | publisher = California Academy of Sciences | url = http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/scipubs/pdfs/v57/proccas_v57_n16.pdf }}</ref><ref>Couri, M.S., Pont, A.C. & Kirk-Spriggs, A.H. 2013. New Muscidae (Diptera) hosts of ''Stylogaster'' Macquart (Diptera: Conopidae) from the Afrotropical Region. ''[[African Invertebrates]]'' '''54''' (2): 401–408.{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20131113235553/http://africaninvertebrates.org/ojs/index.php/AI/article/view/286]}}</ref>

These flies typically use [[army ant]]s' raiding columns to flush out their prey, ground-dwelling [[Orthoptera]] and/or [[Cockroach|roaches]]. Stylogastrines are somewhat atypical for conopids, in that the egg itself is shaped somewhat like a [[harpoon]], with a rigid barbed tip, and the egg is forcibly jabbed into the host. The female of some species waits for army ants to flush out a target, then she dives in and jabs an egg into the host. The ''Stylogaster'' larvae then develop as [[endoparasitoids]]. This is a remarkably high-risk behavior, in that many hosts are captured and killed by the ants after a female has laid an egg in it, so many eggs are lost.

Adults can occasionally be found at flowers, feeding on nectar with their [[proboscis]], which is longer than the body when unfolded. The female's abdomen is also folded under the body, and is the derivation of the generic name (''Stylogaster'' = "needle-tail").

==Distribution==
Stylogastrines can be found from the [[Neotropic]]s to [[Canada]], [[South America]], [[Africa]] south of the [[Sahara]], and parts of Southern [[Asia]], including the [[Philippines]] and [[New Guinea]].<ref name="Couri06"/>

==Selected species==
*''[[Stylogaster biannulata]]'' ([[Thomas Say|Say]], 1823)
*''[[Stylogaster camrasi]]'' Stuckenberg, 1963<ref name="Couri06"/>
*''[[Stylogaster ctenitarsa]]'' Camras & Parrillo, 1996<ref name="Camras96">{{cite journal | last = Camras | first = Sydney |author2=Parrillo, Philip P. | year = 1996 | title = New ''Stylogaster'' and ranges of Conopidae (Diptera) from the Brazilian and Bolivian Amazonia | journal = Acta Amazonica | volume = 25 | issue = 3/4 | pages = 221–234 | publisher = Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia | location = Manaus, Brasil | doi = 10.1590/1809-43921995253234 | issn = 0044-5967 | url = http://acta.inpa.gov.br/fasciculos/25-4/PDF/v25n4a07.pdf }}</ref>
*''[[Stylogaster malgachensis]]'' Camras, 1962<ref name="Couri06"/>
*''[[Stylogaster neglecta]]'' Williston, 1883
*''[[Stylogaster pauliani]]'' Curran, 1962<ref name="Couri06"/>
*''[[Stylogaster rafaeli]]'' Camras & Parrillo, 1996<ref name="Camras96"/>
*''[[Stylogaster seguyi]]'' Camras, 1962<ref name="Couri06"/>
*''[[Stylogaster seyrigi]]'' [[Eugène Séguy|Séguy]], 1932<ref name="Couri06"/>
*''[[Stylogaster sinaloae]]'' Camras, 1989
*''[[Stylogaster smithiana]]'' Lopes, 1971
*''[[Stylogaster souzai]]'' Monteiro, 1960
*''[[Stylogaster souzalopesi]]'' Camras, 1990
{{incomplete list|date=February 2011}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

Stuke, J.-H. 2012. A revision of Afrotropical species of ''Stylogaster'' Macquart (Diptera: Conopidae), with descriptions of twenty-one new species and an identification key. ''[[African Invertebrates]]'' '''53''' (1): 267–354. {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20120723052113/http://www.africaninvertebrates.org.za/Stuke_2012_53_1_563.aspx]}}

==External links==
*[http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_Taxonpage?taxid=271375 Images] at [[Consortium for the Barcode of Life]].

{{Taxonbar|from=Q7629685}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Conopidae]]
[[Category:Conopoidea genera]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart]]

Stylogaster - Revision history

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