String quartet - Revision history

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In the 20th century

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← Previous revision		Revision as of 03:35, 22 June 2025
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	The positions of the slow movement and third movement are flexible. For example, in Mozart's six [[Haydn Quartets (Mozart)\|quartets dedicated to Haydn]], three have a minuet followed by a slow movement and three have the slow movement before the minuet.		The positions of the slow movement and third movement are flexible. For example, in Mozart's six [[Haydn Quartets (Mozart)\|quartets dedicated to Haydn]], three have a minuet followed by a slow movement and three have the slow movement before the minuet.

	Substantial modifications to the typical structure were already present by the time of Beethoven's late quartets, and despite some notable examples to the contrary, composers writing in the twentieth century increasingly abandoned this structure. Bartók's [[String Quartet No. 4 (Bartók)\|fourth]] and [[String Quartet No. 5 (Bartók)\|fifth]] string quartets, written in the 1930s, are five-movement works, symmetrical around a central movement.<ref>{{cite journal ~~\| url=https://doi.org/10.1556/6.2021.00019~~ \| doi=10.1556/6.2021.00019 \| title=The Fourth of the Fourth: On the Genesis and the Early Performances of the Allegretto, pizzicato Movement of Béla Bartók's String Quartet No. 4 \| date=2022 \| last1=Németh \| first1=Zsombor \| journal=Studia Musicologica \| volume=62 \| issue=3–4 \| pages=291–307 \| doi-access=free }}</ref> Shostakovich's [[String Quartet No. 15 (Shostakovich)\|final quartet]], written in the 1970s, comprises six slow movements.		Substantial modifications to the typical structure were already present by the time of Beethoven's late quartets, and despite some notable examples to the contrary, composers writing in the twentieth century increasingly abandoned this structure. Bartók's [[String Quartet No. 4 (Bartók)\|fourth]] and [[String Quartet No. 5 (Bartók)\|fifth]] string quartets, written in the 1930s, are five-movement works, symmetrical around a central movement.<ref>{{cite journal \| doi=10.1556/6.2021.00019 \| title=The Fourth of the Fourth: On the Genesis and the Early Performances of the Allegretto, pizzicato Movement of Béla Bartók's String Quartet No. 4 \| date=2022 \| last1=Németh \| first1=Zsombor \| journal=Studia Musicologica \| volume=62 \| issue=3–4 \| pages=291–307 \| doi-access=free }}</ref> Shostakovich's [[String Quartet No. 15 (Shostakovich)\|final quartet]], written in the 1970s, comprises six slow movements.

	==Variations of string quartet==		==Variations of string quartet==
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	* Eisler, Edith: ''21st-Century String Quartets'' (String Letter Publishing, 2000); {{ISBN\|1-890490-15-6}}.		* Eisler, Edith: ''21st-Century String Quartets'' (String Letter Publishing, 2000); {{ISBN\|1-890490-15-6}}.
	* [[Hans Keller\|Keller, Hans]]: ''The Great Haydn Quartets. Their Interpretation'' (London: J. M. Dent, 1986); {{ISBN\|0-460-86107-7}}.		* [[Hans Keller\|Keller, Hans]]: ''The Great Haydn Quartets. Their Interpretation'' (London: J. M. Dent, 1986); {{ISBN\|0-460-86107-7}}.
			* {{cite book \|last=Krummacher \|first=Friedhelm \|author-link=Friedhelm Krummacher \|year=2005 \|title=Geschichte des Streichquartetts \|trans-title=History of the String Quartet \|language=German \|edition=2nd \|volume=3 vols: Volume 1, Die Zeit der Wiener Klassik; volume 2, Romantik und Moderne; volume 3, Neue Musik und Avantgarde \|publisher={{ill\|Laaber-Verlag\|de}} \|location=Laaber \|isbn= }}
	* Rounds, David: ''The Four & the One: In Praise of String Quartets'' (Fort Bragg, California: Lost Coast Press, 1999); {{ISBN\|1-882897-26-9}}.		* Rounds, David: ''The Four & the One: In Praise of String Quartets'' (Fort Bragg, California: Lost Coast Press, 1999); {{ISBN\|1-882897-26-9}}.
	* [[Charles Rosen\|Rosen, Charles]]: ''The Classical Style: Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven'' (London: Faber and Faber, 1971); {{ISBN\|0-571-10234-4}} (soft covers), {{ISBN\|0-571-09118-0}} (hardback).		* [[Charles Rosen\|Rosen, Charles]]: ''The Classical Style: Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven'' (London: Faber and Faber, 1971); {{ISBN\|0-571-10234-4}} (soft covers), {{ISBN\|0-571-09118-0}} (hardback).

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← Previous revision		Revision as of 04:19, 9 June 2025
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	The positions of the slow movement and third movement are flexible. For example, in Mozart's six [[Haydn Quartets (Mozart)\|quartets dedicated to Haydn]], three have a minuet followed by a slow movement and three have the slow movement before the minuet.		The positions of the slow movement and third movement are flexible. For example, in Mozart's six [[Haydn Quartets (Mozart)\|quartets dedicated to Haydn]], three have a minuet followed by a slow movement and three have the slow movement before the minuet.

	Substantial modifications to the typical structure were already present by the time of Beethoven's late quartets, and despite some notable examples to the contrary, composers writing in the twentieth century increasingly abandoned this structure. Bartók's [[String Quartet No. 4 (Bartók)\|fourth]] and [[String Quartet No. 5 (Bartók)\|fifth]] string quartets, written in the 1930s, are five-movement works, symmetrical around a central movement.<ref>{{cite journal \| url=https://doi.org/10.1556/6.2021.00019 \| doi=10.1556/6.2021.00019 \| title=The Fourth of the Fourth: On the Genesis and the Early Performances of the Allegretto, pizzicato Movement of Béla Bartók's String Quartet No. 4 \| date=2022 \| last1=Németh \| first1=Zsombor \| journal=Studia Musicologica \| volume=62 \| issue=3–4 \| pages=291–307 }}</ref> Shostakovich's [[String Quartet No. 15 (Shostakovich)\|final quartet]], written in the 1970s, comprises six slow movements.		Substantial modifications to the typical structure were already present by the time of Beethoven's late quartets, and despite some notable examples to the contrary, composers writing in the twentieth century increasingly abandoned this structure. Bartók's [[String Quartet No. 4 (Bartók)\|fourth]] and [[String Quartet No. 5 (Bartók)\|fifth]] string quartets, written in the 1930s, are five-movement works, symmetrical around a central movement.<ref>{{cite journal \| url=https://doi.org/10.1556/6.2021.00019 \| doi=10.1556/6.2021.00019 \| title=The Fourth of the Fourth: On the Genesis and the Early Performances of the Allegretto, pizzicato Movement of Béla Bartók's String Quartet No. 4 \| date=2022 \| last1=Németh \| first1=Zsombor \| journal=Studia Musicologica \| volume=62 \| issue=3–4 \| pages=291–307 \| doi-access=free }}</ref> Shostakovich's [[String Quartet No. 15 (Shostakovich)\|final quartet]], written in the 1970s, comprises six slow movements.

	==Variations of string quartet==		==Variations of string quartet==

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Removing inauthentic portrait (it dates from a century later); see discussion at the Commons page for this image

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← Previous revision		Revision as of 03:35, 22 June 2025
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	The positions of the slow movement and third movement are flexible. For example, in Mozart's six [[Haydn Quartets (Mozart)\|quartets dedicated to Haydn]], three have a minuet followed by a slow movement and three have the slow movement before the minuet.		The positions of the slow movement and third movement are flexible. For example, in Mozart's six [[Haydn Quartets (Mozart)\|quartets dedicated to Haydn]], three have a minuet followed by a slow movement and three have the slow movement before the minuet.

	Substantial modifications to the typical structure were already present by the time of Beethoven's late quartets, and despite some notable examples to the contrary, composers writing in the twentieth century increasingly abandoned this structure. Bartók's [[String Quartet No. 4 (Bartók)\|fourth]] and [[String Quartet No. 5 (Bartók)\|fifth]] string quartets, written in the 1930s, are five-movement works, symmetrical around a central movement.<ref>{{cite journal ~~\| url=https://doi.org/10.1556/6.2021.00019~~ \| doi=10.1556/6.2021.00019 \| title=The Fourth of the Fourth: On the Genesis and the Early Performances of the Allegretto, pizzicato Movement of Béla Bartók's String Quartet No. 4 \| date=2022 \| last1=Németh \| first1=Zsombor \| journal=Studia Musicologica \| volume=62 \| issue=3–4 \| pages=291–307 \| doi-access=free }}</ref> Shostakovich's [[String Quartet No. 15 (Shostakovich)\|final quartet]], written in the 1970s, comprises six slow movements.		Substantial modifications to the typical structure were already present by the time of Beethoven's late quartets, and despite some notable examples to the contrary, composers writing in the twentieth century increasingly abandoned this structure. Bartók's [[String Quartet No. 4 (Bartók)\|fourth]] and [[String Quartet No. 5 (Bartók)\|fifth]] string quartets, written in the 1930s, are five-movement works, symmetrical around a central movement.<ref>{{cite journal \| doi=10.1556/6.2021.00019 \| title=The Fourth of the Fourth: On the Genesis and the Early Performances of the Allegretto, pizzicato Movement of Béla Bartók's String Quartet No. 4 \| date=2022 \| last1=Németh \| first1=Zsombor \| journal=Studia Musicologica \| volume=62 \| issue=3–4 \| pages=291–307 \| doi-access=free }}</ref> Shostakovich's [[String Quartet No. 15 (Shostakovich)\|final quartet]], written in the 1970s, comprises six slow movements.

	==Variations of string quartet==		==Variations of string quartet==
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	* Eisler, Edith: ''21st-Century String Quartets'' (String Letter Publishing, 2000); {{ISBN\|1-890490-15-6}}.		* Eisler, Edith: ''21st-Century String Quartets'' (String Letter Publishing, 2000); {{ISBN\|1-890490-15-6}}.
	* [[Hans Keller\|Keller, Hans]]: ''The Great Haydn Quartets. Their Interpretation'' (London: J. M. Dent, 1986); {{ISBN\|0-460-86107-7}}.		* [[Hans Keller\|Keller, Hans]]: ''The Great Haydn Quartets. Their Interpretation'' (London: J. M. Dent, 1986); {{ISBN\|0-460-86107-7}}.
			* {{cite book \|last=Krummacher \|first=Friedhelm \|author-link=Friedhelm Krummacher \|year=2005 \|title=Geschichte des Streichquartetts \|trans-title=History of the String Quartet \|language=German \|edition=2nd \|volume=3 vols: Volume 1, Die Zeit der Wiener Klassik; volume 2, Romantik und Moderne; volume 3, Neue Musik und Avantgarde \|publisher={{ill\|Laaber-Verlag\|de}} \|location=Laaber \|isbn= }}
	* Rounds, David: ''The Four & the One: In Praise of String Quartets'' (Fort Bragg, California: Lost Coast Press, 1999); {{ISBN\|1-882897-26-9}}.		* Rounds, David: ''The Four & the One: In Praise of String Quartets'' (Fort Bragg, California: Lost Coast Press, 1999); {{ISBN\|1-882897-26-9}}.
	* [[Charles Rosen\|Rosen, Charles]]: ''The Classical Style: Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven'' (London: Faber and Faber, 1971); {{ISBN\|0-571-10234-4}} (soft covers), {{ISBN\|0-571-09118-0}} (hardback).		* [[Charles Rosen\|Rosen, Charles]]: ''The Classical Style: Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven'' (London: Faber and Faber, 1971); {{ISBN\|0-571-10234-4}} (soft covers), {{ISBN\|0-571-09118-0}} (hardback).

← Previous revision		Revision as of 21:27, 19 December 2025
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	{{short description\|Musical ensemble of four string players}}		{{short description\|Musical ensemble of four string players}}
	[[File:Fitzwilliam Quartet.jpg\|thumb\|The [[Fitzwilliam Quartet]]\|upright=1.3]]		[[File:Fitzwilliam Quartet.jpg\|thumb\|The [[Fitzwilliam Quartet]]\|upright=1.3]]
	The term '''string quartet''' is a type of musical composition or a group of four people who play ~~them~~. Many composers from the mid-18th century onwards wrote string quartets. The associated musical ensemble consists of two [[Violin\|violinists]], a [[Viola\|violist]], and a [[Cello\|cellist]].		The term '''string quartet''' is a type of musical composition or a group of four people who play the quartets. Many composers from the mid-18th century onwards wrote string quartets. The associated musical ensemble consists of two [[Violin\|violinists]], a [[Viola\|violist]], and a [[Cello\|cellist]].

	The string quartet was developed into its present form by the Austrian composer [[Joseph Haydn]], whose works in the 1750s established the ensemble as a group of four more-or-less equal partners. Since that time, the string quartet has been considered a prestigious form; writing for four instruments with broadly similar characteristics both constrains and tests a composer. String quartet composition flourished in the [[Classical music era\|Classical era]], and [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart\|Mozart]], [[Ludwig van Beethoven\|Beethoven]] and [[Franz Schubert\|Schubert]] each wrote a number of them. Many [[Romantic era music\|Romantic]] and [[20th-century classical music\|early-twentieth-century]] composers composed string quartets, including [[Felix Mendelssohn\|Mendelssohn]], [[Robert Schumann\|Schumann]], [[Johannes Brahms\|Brahms]], [[Antonín Dvořák\|Dvořák]], [[Leoš Janáček\|Janáček]], and [[Claude Debussy\|Debussy]]. There was a slight lull in string quartet composition later in the 19th century, but it received a resurgence in the 20th century, with the [[Second Viennese School]], [[Béla Bartók\|Bartók]], [[Dmitri Shostakovich\|Shostakovich]], [[Milton Babbitt\|Babbitt]], and [[Elliott Carter\|Carter]] producing highly regarded examples of the genre, and it remains an important and refined musical form.		The string quartet was developed into its present form by the Austrian composer [[Joseph Haydn]], whose works in the 1750s established the ensemble as a group of four more-or-less equal partners. Since that time, the string quartet has been considered a prestigious form; writing for four instruments with broadly similar characteristics both constrains and tests a composer. String quartet composition flourished in the [[Classical music era\|Classical era]], and [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart\|Mozart]], [[Ludwig van Beethoven\|Beethoven]] and [[Franz Schubert\|Schubert]] each wrote a number of them. Many [[Romantic era music\|Romantic]] and [[20th-century classical music\|early-twentieth-century]] composers composed string quartets, including [[Felix Mendelssohn\|Mendelssohn]], [[Robert Schumann\|Schumann]], [[Johannes Brahms\|Brahms]], [[Antonín Dvořák\|Dvořák]], [[Leoš Janáček\|Janáček]], and [[Claude Debussy\|Debussy]]. There was a slight lull in string quartet composition later in the 19th century, but it received a resurgence in the 20th century, with the [[Second Viennese School]], [[Béla Bartók\|Bartók]], [[Dmitri Shostakovich\|Shostakovich]], [[Milton Babbitt\|Babbitt]], and [[Elliott Carter\|Carter]] producing highly regarded examples of the genre, and it remains an important and refined musical form.
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	[[File:Schoenberg string quartet exc. quartal chord.png\|thumb\|String quartet [[musical notation\|score]] ([[quartal and quintal harmony\|quartal harmony]] from Schoenberg's [[String Quartets (Schoenberg)#String Quartet No. 1, op. 7\|String Quartet No. 1]])[[File:Schoenberg string quartet exc. quartal chord.mid]]\|upright=1.3]]In the modern era, the string quartet played a key role in the development of [[Arnold Schoenberg\|Schoenberg]] (who added a [[soprano]] in his [[String Quartet No. 2 (Schoenberg)\|String Quartet No. 2]]), [[Béla Bartók\|Bartók]], and [[Dmitri Shostakovich\|Shostakovich]] especially. After the [[Second World War]], some composers, such as [[Olivier Messiaen\|Messiaen]] questioned the relevance of the string quartet and avoided writing them.{{Citation needed\|date=February 2023}} However, from the 1960s onwards, many composers have shown a renewed interest in the genre.		[[File:Schoenberg string quartet exc. quartal chord.png\|thumb\|String quartet [[musical notation\|score]] ([[quartal and quintal harmony\|quartal harmony]] from Schoenberg's [[String Quartets (Schoenberg)#String Quartet No. 1, op. 7\|String Quartet No. 1]])[[File:Schoenberg string quartet exc. quartal chord.mid]]\|upright=1.3]]In the modern era, the string quartet played a key role in the development of [[Arnold Schoenberg\|Schoenberg]] (who added a [[soprano]] in his [[String Quartet No. 2 (Schoenberg)\|String Quartet No. 2]]), [[Béla Bartók\|Bartók]], and [[Dmitri Shostakovich\|Shostakovich]] especially. After the [[Second World War]], some composers, such as [[Olivier Messiaen\|Messiaen]] questioned the relevance of the string quartet and avoided writing them.{{Citation needed\|date=February 2023}} However, from the 1960s onwards, many composers have shown a renewed interest in the genre.

	During his tenure as [[Master of the Queen's Music]], [[Peter Maxwell Davies]] produced a set of ten entitled the [[Naxos Quartets]] (to a commission from [[Naxos Records]]) from 2001 to 2007. [[Margaret Jones Wiles]] composed over 50 string quartets. [[David Matthews (composer)\|David Matthews]] has written eleven, and [[Robin Holloway]] both five quartets and six "quartettini". Over nearly five decades, [[Elliott Carter]] wrote a total of five string quartets, winning [[Pulitzer Prize for Music\|Pulitzer Prizes]] for two of them, [[String Quartet No. 2 (Carter)\|No. 2]] and [[String Quartet No. 3 (Carter)\|No. 3]]. Three important string quartets were written by [[Helmut Lachenmann]]. The late 20th century also saw the string quartet expand in various ways: Morton Feldman's vast Second String Quartet is one of the longest ever written, and Karlheinz Stockhausen's [[Helikopter-Streichquartett]] is to be performed by the four musicians in four helicopters.		During his tenure as [[Master of the Queen's Music]], [[Peter Maxwell Davies]] produced a set of ten entitled the [[Naxos Quartets]] (to a commission from [[Naxos Records]]) from 2001 to 2007. [[Margaret Jones Wiles]] composed over 50 string quartets. [[David Matthews (composer)\|David Matthews]] has written eleven, and [[Robin Holloway]] both five quartets and six "quartettini". Over nearly five decades, [[Elliott Carter]] wrote a total of five string quartets, winning [[Pulitzer Prize for Music\|Pulitzer Prizes]] for two of them, [[String Quartet No. 2 (Carter)\|No. 2]] and [[String Quartet No. 3 (Carter)\|No. 3]]. Three important string quartets were written by [[Helmut Lachenmann]]. The late 20th century also saw the string quartet expand in various ways: [[Morton Feldman]]'s vast [[String Quartet No. 2 (Feldman)\|Second String Quartet]] is one of the longest ever written, and [[Karlheinz Stockhausen]]'s [[Helikopter-Streichquartett]] is to be performed by the four musicians in four helicopters.
	{{Clear}}		{{Clear}}

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	* [[Wolfgang Rihm]]'s 13 string quartets (1970–2011)		* [[Wolfgang Rihm]]'s 13 string quartets (1970–2011)
	* [[Helmut Lachenmann]]'s three string quartets (''Gran Torso'', 1972; ''[[Reigen seliger Geister]]'', 1989; ''Grido'', 2001)		* [[Helmut Lachenmann]]'s three string quartets (''Gran Torso'', 1972; ''[[Reigen seliger Geister]]'', 1989; ''Grido'', 2001)
	* [[Morton Feldman]]'s ~~''Second~~ String Quartet'' (1983), which typically takes about five hours in performance		* [[Morton Feldman]]'s [[String Quartet No. 2 (Feldman)\|String Quartet No. 2]] (1983), which typically takes about five hours in performance
	* [[Georges Lentz]]'s 43-hour digital ''[[String Quartet(s)]]'' (2000–2023), a vast four-channel multi-disciplinary work permanently played in the [[Cobar Sound Chapel]]<ref>{{cite web \|title=THE MUSIC \|url=https://www.cobarsoundchapel.com/the-music.html \|website=Cobar Sound Chapel \|access-date=November 7, 2024 \|language=en}}</ref>		* [[Georges Lentz]]'s 43-hour digital ''[[String Quartet(s)]]'' (2000–2023), a vast four-channel multi-disciplinary work permanently played in the [[Cobar Sound Chapel]]<ref>{{cite web \|title=THE MUSIC \|url=https://www.cobarsoundchapel.com/the-music.html \|website=Cobar Sound Chapel \|access-date=November 7, 2024 \|language=en}}</ref>

← Previous revision		Revision as of 17:12, 6 September 2025
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	{{short description\|Musical ensemble of four string players}}		{{short description\|Musical ensemble of four string players}}
	[[File:Fitzwilliam Quartet.jpg\|thumb\|The [[Fitzwilliam Quartet]]\|upright=1.3]]		[[File:Fitzwilliam Quartet.jpg\|thumb\|The [[Fitzwilliam Quartet]]\|upright=1.3]]
	The term '''string quartet''' ~~refers to either~~ a type of musical composition or a group of four people who play them. Many composers from the mid-18th century onwards wrote string quartets. The associated musical ensemble consists of two [[Violin\|violinists]], a [[Viola\|violist]], and a [[Cello\|cellist]].		The term '''string quartet''' is a type of musical composition or a group of four people who play them. Many composers from the mid-18th century onwards wrote string quartets. The associated musical ensemble consists of two [[Violin\|violinists]], a [[Viola\|violist]], and a [[Cello\|cellist]].

	The string quartet was developed into its present form by the Austrian composer [[Joseph Haydn]], whose works in the 1750s established the ensemble as a group of four more-or-less equal partners. Since that time, the string quartet has been considered a prestigious form; writing for four instruments with broadly similar characteristics both constrains and tests a composer. String quartet composition flourished in the [[Classical music era\|Classical era]], and [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart\|Mozart]], [[Ludwig van Beethoven\|Beethoven]] and [[Franz Schubert\|Schubert]] each wrote a number of them. Many [[Romantic era music\|Romantic]] and [[20th-century classical music\|early-twentieth-century]] composers composed string quartets, including [[Felix Mendelssohn\|Mendelssohn]], [[Robert Schumann\|Schumann]], [[Johannes Brahms\|Brahms]], [[Antonín Dvořák\|Dvořák]], [[Leoš Janáček\|Janáček]], and [[Claude Debussy\|Debussy]]. There was a slight lull in string quartet composition later in the 19th century, but it received a resurgence in the 20th century, with the [[Second Viennese School]], [[Béla Bartók\|Bartók]], [[Dmitri Shostakovich\|Shostakovich]], [[Milton Babbitt\|Babbitt]], and [[Elliott Carter\|Carter]] producing highly regarded examples of the genre, and it remains an important and refined musical form.		The string quartet was developed into its present form by the Austrian composer [[Joseph Haydn]], whose works in the 1750s established the ensemble as a group of four more-or-less equal partners. Since that time, the string quartet has been considered a prestigious form; writing for four instruments with broadly similar characteristics both constrains and tests a composer. String quartet composition flourished in the [[Classical music era\|Classical era]], and [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart\|Mozart]], [[Ludwig van Beethoven\|Beethoven]] and [[Franz Schubert\|Schubert]] each wrote a number of them. Many [[Romantic era music\|Romantic]] and [[20th-century classical music\|early-twentieth-century]] composers composed string quartets, including [[Felix Mendelssohn\|Mendelssohn]], [[Robert Schumann\|Schumann]], [[Johannes Brahms\|Brahms]], [[Antonín Dvořák\|Dvořák]], [[Leoš Janáček\|Janáček]], and [[Claude Debussy\|Debussy]]. There was a slight lull in string quartet composition later in the 19th century, but it received a resurgence in the 20th century, with the [[Second Viennese School]], [[Béla Bartók\|Bartók]], [[Dmitri Shostakovich\|Shostakovich]], [[Milton Babbitt\|Babbitt]], and [[Elliott Carter\|Carter]] producing highly regarded examples of the genre, and it remains an important and refined musical form.
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	{{unsourced section\|date=November 2024}}		{{unsourced section\|date=November 2024}}
	Many other chamber groups can be seen as modifications of the string quartet:		Many other chamber groups can be seen as modifications of the string quartet:
	* The [[string quintet]] is a string quartet augmented by a fifth string instrument. [[Mozart]] employed two violas in his string quintets, while Schubert's [[String Quintet (Schubert)\|string quintet]] utilized two cellos. [[Luigi Boccherini\|Boccherini]] wrote a few quintets with a [[double bass]] as the fifth instrument. Most of Boccherini's string quintets are for two violins, viola, and two cellos. Another composer who wrote a string quintet with two cellos is [[Ethel Smyth]].		* The [[string quintet]] is a string quartet augmented by a fifth string instrument. [[Mozart]] employed two violas in his string quintets, while Schubert's [[String Quintet (Schubert)\|string quintet]] utilized two cellos. [[Luigi Boccherini\|Boccherini]] wrote a few quintets with a [[double bass]] as the fifth instrument. Most of Boccherini's string quintets are for two violins, viola, and two cellos. Another composer who wrote a string quintet with two cellos is [[Ethel Smyth]].
	* The [[string trio]] has one violin, a viola, and a cello.		* The [[string trio]] has one violin, a viola, and a cello.
	* The [[piano trio]] has a piano, a violin, and a cello.		* The [[piano trio]] has a piano, a violin, and a cello.
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	* [[Salvatore Sciarrino]]'s eight string quartets (1967–2008)		* [[Salvatore Sciarrino]]'s eight string quartets (1967–2008)
	* [[Wolfgang Rihm]]'s 13 string quartets (1970–2011)		* [[Wolfgang Rihm]]'s 13 string quartets (1970–2011)
	* [[Helmut Lachenmann]]'s three string quartets (''Gran Torso'', 1972; [[Reigen seliger Geister\|''~~Reigen seliger Geister'']]~~, 1989; ''Grido'', 2001)		* [[Helmut Lachenmann]]'s three string quartets (''Gran Torso'', 1972; ''[[Reigen seliger Geister]]'', 1989; ''Grido'', 2001)
	* [[Morton Feldman]]'s ''Second String Quartet'' (1983), which typically takes about five hours in performance		* [[Morton Feldman]]'s ''Second String Quartet'' (1983), which typically takes about five hours in performance
	* [[Georges Lentz]]'s 43-hour digital ''[[String Quartet(s)]]'' (2000–2023), a vast four-channel multi-disciplinary work permanently played in the [[Cobar Sound Chapel]]<ref>{{cite web \|title=THE MUSIC \|url=https://www.cobarsoundchapel.com/the-music.html \|website=Cobar Sound Chapel \|access-date=November 7, 2024 \|language=en}}</ref>		* [[Georges Lentz]]'s 43-hour digital ''[[String Quartet(s)]]'' (2000–2023), a vast four-channel multi-disciplinary work permanently played in the [[Cobar Sound Chapel]]<ref>{{cite web \|title=THE MUSIC \|url=https://www.cobarsoundchapel.com/the-music.html \|website=Cobar Sound Chapel \|access-date=November 7, 2024 \|language=en}}</ref>