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{{Short description|Historic rural cemetery in Hamilton County, Ohio}}
{{other uses|Spring Grove Cemetery (disambiguation)}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox NRHP
| name = Spring Grove Cemetery
| nrhp_type = nhld
| nocat = yes
| image = Dexter Memorial.jpg
| caption = The Gothic Revival Dexter Memorial at Spring Grove Cemetery & Arboretum
| location = [[Cincinnati]], [[Ohio]]
| locmapin = Ohio#USA
| area =
| built = 1845
| architect = Adolph Strauch et al.
| architecture = Gothic Revival
| added = May 13, 1976
| designated_nrhp_type = March 29, 2007
| refnum = 76001440<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2007a}}</ref>
}}
'''Spring Grove Cemetery and Arboretum''' is a [[nonprofit]] [[rural cemetery]] and [[arboretum]] located at 4521 Spring Grove Avenue, [[Cincinnati]], [[Ohio]]. At a size of 733 acres (2.97 km2), it is the third largest cemetery in the United States, after the [[Calverton National Cemetery]] and [[Abraham Lincoln National Cemetery]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unbelievableinfo.com/2016/05/top-10-largest-cemeteries-in-world.html|title=top-10-largest-cemeteries-in-world|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190817182231/http://www.unbelievableinfo.com/2016/05/top-10-largest-cemeteries-in-world.html|archive-date=August 17, 2019|access-date=September 2, 2019}}</ref> The cemetery dates back to 1844 and is recognized as a US [[National Historic Landmark]] due to its age, architecture, and notable burials.

==History==
The cemetery dates from 1844, when members of the Cincinnati Horticultural Society formed a cemetery association. They took their inspiration from contemporary rural cemeteries such as [[Père Lachaise Cemetery]] in [[Paris]], and [[Mount Auburn Cemetery]] in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]], [[Massachusetts]].<ref>{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/cincinnaticemet00forbgoog | title=The Cincinnati Cemetery of Spring Grove, Report for 1857 | publisher=C.F. Bradley, printers | year=1857 | page=[https://archive.org/details/cincinnaticemet00forbgoog/page/n77 3]}}</ref> The numerous springs and groves suggested the name "Spring Grove".<ref>{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/picturesquecinci00daws | title=Picturesque Cincinnati | publisher=John Shillito Company | year=1883 | page=[https://archive.org/details/picturesquecinci00daws/page/194 194]}}</ref> On December 1, 1844, [[Salmon P. Chase]] and others prepared the Articles of Incorporation. The cemetery was designed by Howard Daniels<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www2.cincinnati.com/visitorsguide/parks/060100_springgrove.html|title= A Walk in the Park: Spring Grove Cemetery|publisher= Cincinnati.com|access-date= July 17, 2014|archive-date= July 25, 2014|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140725175410/http://www2.cincinnati.com/visitorsguide/parks/060100_springgrove.html|url-status= dead}}</ref> and formally chartered on January 21, 1845. The first burial took place on September 1, 1845.

In 1855, [[Adolph Strauch]], a renowned [[landscape architect]], was hired to beautify the grounds.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_D3qf9b1s-gC&q=1880+cincinnati&pg=PA35 | title=Cincinnati: From River City to Highway Metropolis | publisher=Arcadia Publishing | date= 2003 | access-date=May 25, 2013 | last= Stradling |first=David | page= 35| isbn=9780738524405 }}</ref> His sense and layout of the "garden cemetery" made of lakes, trees and shrubs, is what visitors today still see. He created a more open landscape by setting limits on private enclosures and monument heights.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tclf.org/landscapes/spring-grove-cemetery|title=Spring Grove Cemetery {{!}} The Cultural Landscape Foundation|website=tclf.org|language=en|access-date=March 22, 2018|archive-date=March 22, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322204503/https://tclf.org/landscapes/spring-grove-cemetery|url-status=live}}</ref> The results of the redesign earned Strauch praise in the U.S. and abroad,<ref>{{Cite book|title=Spring Grove and Its Creator. Edited by Don H. Tolzmann.|last=Ratterman|first=Heinrich|publisher=[Reprint 1988] Ohio Book Store|year=1905|location=Cincinnati}}</ref> including from [[Frederick Law Olmsted]] and the French landscape architect [[Édouard André|Edouard André]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5440920x|title=L'art des jardins / traité général de la composition des parcs et jardins|last=André|first=Édouard|date=1879|publisher=G. Masson|location=Paris|pages=868|language=fr|access-date=March 22, 2018|archive-date=March 22, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322082136/http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5440920x|url-status=live}}</ref> On March 29, 2007, the cemetery was designated a [[National Historic Landmark]].<ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nationalregister/upload/weekly-list-2007-national-register-of-historic-places.pdf | title= National Historic Landmarks Designated | publisher= National Park Service | date= April 13, 2007 | access-date= March 11, 2015 | archive-date= November 3, 2013 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131103212538/http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/listings/20070413.HTM | url-status= live }}</ref> The [[Spring Grove Cemetery Chapel]] is listed separately on the National Register of Historic Places.

On October 23, 2013, cemetery staff removed a large and potentially disturbing ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants]]'' headstone from the grave of U.S. Army Corporal [[Kimberly Walker (soldier)|Kimberly Walker]] and another for her still-living sister a day after her funeral. The family believed they had permission from a worker, who management said had erred.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://metro.co.uk/2013/10/23/row-over-iraq-war-veterans-spongebob-squarepants-headstone-4158691/ | title=Ms Walker's family are furious with the graveyard's U-turn after paying $13,000 (£8,000) for the headstone and getting copyright approval from Nickelodeon. | publisher=Metro.co.uk | date=October 23, 2013 | access-date=October 24, 2013 | archive-date=June 15, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615032508/https://metro.co.uk/2013/10/23/row-over-iraq-war-veterans-spongebob-squarepants-headstone-4158691/ | url-status=live }}</ref> In February 2014, both parties agreed to reinstate the statues with granite slabs largely hiding them from passersby.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wlwt.com/news/local-news/cincinnati/family-cemetery-agree-to-reinstall-spongebob-headstones-but-with-changes/24489832 |title=Family, cemetery reinstall SpongeBob headstones but with changes |publisher=Hearst Television Inc. |date=February 14, 2014 |location=Cincinnati |access-date=July 17, 2014 |archive-date=September 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160903152521/http://www.wlwt.com/news/local-news/cincinnati/family-cemetery-agree-to-reinstall-spongebob-headstones-but-with-changes/24489832 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Description==
Spring Grove encompasses {{convert|733|acre|km2}} of which {{convert|400|acre|km2}} are currently landscaped and maintained. Its grounds include 12 ponds,<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kgnS65gAbJoC&q=cincinnati+workhouse&pg=PA43 | title=Cincinnati Landmarks | publisher=Arcadia Publishing | date=2012 | access-date=May 19, 2013 | last=Rolfes | first=Steven | page=43 | isbn=9780738593951 | archive-date=November 26, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231126183320/https://books.google.com/books?id=kgnS65gAbJoC&q=cincinnati+workhouse&pg=PA43 | url-status=live }}</ref> many fine tombstones and memorials, and various examples of [[Gothic Revival architecture]].

As of 2005, its National Champion trees were ''[[Cladrastis]] kentukea'' and ''[[Halesia]] diptera''; its State Champion trees included ''[[Abies]] cilicica'', ''[[Abies]] koreana'', ''[[Cedrus]] libani'', ''[[Chionanthus]] virginicus'', ''[[Eucommia]] ulmoides'', ''[[Halesia]] parvifolia'', ''[[Metasequoia]] glyptostroboides'', ''[[Phellodendron]] amurense'', ''[[Picea]] orientalis'', ''[[Picea]] polita'', ''[[Pinus]] flexilis'', ''[[Pinus]] griffithi'', ''[[Pinus]] monticola'', ''[[Quercus]] cerris'', ''[[Quercus]] nigra'', ''[[Taxodium]] distichum'', ''[[Ulmus]] serotina'', and ''[[Zelkova]] serrata''.

== Notable burials ==
{{More citations needed section|date= July 2014}}
''See also [[:Category:Burials at Spring Grove Cemetery]].''
[[File:Cincinnati - Spring Grove Cemetery & Arboretum - Weeping Angel statue.jpg|thumb|right|Weeping statue at Spring Grove Cemetery]] [[File:SalmonChaseGrave - cropped.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Grave of [[Salmon P. Chase]] at Spring Grove Cemetery]]
* [[Jacob Ammen]], [[American Civil War|Civil War]] general<ref name=JCWG>{{cite web|url= http://www.springgrove.org/uploads/docs/CivilWarGenerals.pdf|title= Judge Civil War Generals|publisher= The Spring Grove Family|access-date= July 17, 2014|archive-date= May 29, 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150529041922/http://www.springgrove.org/uploads/docs/CivilWarGenerals.pdf|url-status= dead}}</ref>
* [[Nicholas Longworth Anderson]], Civil War colonel<ref name=JCWG />
* [[Joshua Hall Bates]], Civil War general<ref name=JCWG />
* [[Richard M. Bishop]], Cincinnati Mayor and Ohio Governor<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 17, 2022 |title=Visit to Bishop Grave – Spring Grove Cemetery |url=https://ohiogovernorgravesites.blogspot.com/2012/03/34-richard-m-bishop.html |access-date=May 17, 2022 |archive-date=November 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231126183321/https://ohiogovernorgravesites.blogspot.com/2012/03/34-richard-m-bishop.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[George K. Brady]], [[United States Army]] officer. Briefly [[Governors of Alaska#Commanders of the Department of Alaska|commander of the Department of Alaska]]
* [[Emma Lucy Braun]], botanist <ref name="Stuckey">{{cite encyclopedia|title=Emma Lucy Braun (1889–1971)|encyclopedia=Women in the Biological Sciences: A Biobibliographic Sourcebook|last=Stuckey|first=Ronald L.|editor-last1=Grinstein|editor-first1=Louise S.|editor-last2=Biermann|editor-first2=Carol A.|editor-last3=Rose|editor-first3=Rose K.|publisher=Greenwood Press|location=Westport, CT|year=1997|page=[https://archive.org/details/womeninbiologica00grin/page/46 46]|isbn=0-313-29180-2|url=https://archive.org/details/womeninbiologica00grin/page/46}}</ref>
* [[Charles Elwood Brown]], Civil War [[brevet (military)|brevet]] [[Brigadier general (United States)|brigadier general]] and U.S. Representative<ref name=JCWG />
* [[Sidney Burbank]], Civil War colonel<ref name=JCWG />
* [[Jacob Burnet]], US Senator<ref>{{cite web|url =http://www.springgrove.org/judge-jacob-burnet---section-22.aspx|title =Judge Jacob Burnet|publisher =The Spring Grove Family|access-date =July 17, 2014|archive-date =July 25, 2014|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20140725180543/http://www.springgrove.org/judge-jacob-burnet---section-22.aspx|url-status =live}}</ref>
* [[Samuel Fenton Cary]], [[United States House of Representatives|Congressman]], [[prohibitionist]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Spencer |first=Thomas E. |date=1998 |title=Where They're Buried |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eLWao2lIGTEC&pg=PA460 |page=264 |location=Baltimore, MD |publisher=Clearfield Company |isbn=978-0-8063-4823-0 |via=[[Google Books]] |ref={{sfnRef|''Where They're Buried''}} |access-date=August 21, 2022 |archive-date=August 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220821153957/https://books.google.com/books?id=eLWao2lIGTEC&pg=PA460 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Kate Chase]], daughter of Salmon Chase and Washington, D.C. Civil War socialite{{Citation needed|date = July 2014}}
* [[Salmon P. Chase]], [[Chief Justice of the United States]]<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url= http://www.springgrove.org/notable-burials.aspx|title= Judge Jacob Notable Burials|publisher= The Spring Grove Family|access-date= July 17, 2014|archive-date= October 13, 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181013090339/http://www.springgrove.org/notable-burials.aspx|url-status= live}}</ref>
* [[Henry M. Cist]], Civil War brevet brigadier general<ref name=JCWG />
* [[Levi Coffin]], [[Society of Friends|Quaker]] [[Abolitionism in the United States|abolitionist]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.nps.gov/resources/person.htm?id=68|title= Levi Coffin|publisher= National Park Service|access-date= July 17, 2014|archive-date= July 26, 2014|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140726054056/http://www.nps.gov/resources/person.htm?id=68|url-status= dead}}</ref>
* [[George B. Cox]], Cincinnati political boss and associate of [[William Howard Taft]]
* [[Rich Dauer]], professional baseball player
* [[Arthur F. Devereux]], [[brevet (military)|Brevet]] Brigadier General during the Civil War; from [[Salem, Massachusetts]]<ref name=JCWG />
* [[Daniel Drake]], physician and writer<ref>{{cite book|last1=Juettner|first1=Otto|title=1785–1909: Daniel Drake and his followers; historical and biographical sketches| date= 1909| publisher= Harvey Publishing Company|page=[https://archive.org/details/cu31924011948712/page/n77 70]|url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924011948712|quote=Daniel Drake spring grove cemetery.|access-date=July 17, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Charles L. Fleischmann]], [[yeast]] manufacturer{{Citation needed|date = July 2014}}
* [[Joseph Benson Foraker]], [[Governor of Ohio]], [[U.S. Senator]], Judge, [[American Civil War]] Captain
* [[Manning Force]], Civil War Brevet Brigadier General, [[Medal of Honor]] recipient<ref name=JCWG />
* [[George Benson Fox]], Civil War officer, [[75th Ohio Infantry Regiment|75th Ohio Infantry]], manufacturer, Ohio General Assembly[[File:Swan by Geyser Lake shore at Spring Grove Cemetery.png|thumb|222x222px|A swan off the shore of Geyser Lake, one of the small bodies of water located within the cemetery.]]
* [[James Gamble (industrialist)|James Gamble]], co-founder of [[Procter & Gamble|Procter & Gamble Company]]<ref name="Retro SG">{{cite web|url= http://retro.cincinnati.com/Topics/Spring-Grove-Cemetery|title= Spring Grove Cemetery|publisher= Cincinnati.com|access-date= July 18, 2014|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140725185724/http://retro.cincinnati.com/Topics/Spring-Grove-Cemetery|archive-date= July 25, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Kenner Garrard]], Civil War general<ref name=JCWG />
* [[Nikki Giovanni]], American poet, writer, commentator, activist and educator.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Owsley |first=Cara |title=Poet and educator Nikki Giovanni laid to rest in Cincinnati |url=https://www.cincinnati.com/picture-gallery/news/2024/12/19/poet-nikki-giovanni-laid-to-rest-in-cincinnati/77094526007/ |access-date=2025-01-14 |website=The Enquirer |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Heinie Groh]], [[Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame and Museum|Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame]] third baseman<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/player.php?p=grohhe01|title= Heinie Groh Stats|publisher= Baseball Almanac|access-date= July 18, 2014|archive-date= July 16, 2014|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140716230231/http://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/player.php?p=grohhe01|url-status= live}}</ref>
* [[Theodore Sommers Henderson]], [[Bishop]] of the [[Methodist Episcopal Church]]{{Citation needed|date = July 2014}}
* [[Andrew Hickenlooper]], Civil War general<ref name=JCWG />
* [[Joseph Hooker]], Civil War general and commander of the [[Army of the Potomac]] at the [[Battle of Chancellorsville]]<ref name="auto"/>
* [[Waite Hoyt]], professional baseball player; Hall of Fame pitcher<ref name=WC209>{{cite book|last1=Cook|first1=William A.|title=Waite Hoyt: A Biography of the Yankees' Schoolboy Wonder|date=2004|publisher=McFarland|page=209|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gQV6AAAAQBAJ&q=Waite+Hoyt+spring+grove+cemetery&pg=PA209|access-date=July 17, 2014|isbn=9780786419609|archive-date=April 14, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414054930/https://books.google.com/books?id=gQV6AAAAQBAJ&q=Waite+Hoyt+spring+grove+cemetery&pg=PA209|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Miller Huggins]], Hall of Fame baseball manager of [[New York Yankees]] during [[Babe Ruth]] era<ref name=WC209 />
* [[Isaac M. Jordan]], one of the seven founders of [[Sigma Chi]] fraternity<ref>{{cite web|url= http://sigmachi.org/isaac-m-jordan|title= Isaac M. Jordan|publisher= Sigma Chi Fraternity|access-date= July 18, 2014|date= February 6, 2012|archive-date= June 25, 2014|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140625060942/http://sigmachi.org/isaac-m-jordan|url-status= live}}</ref>
* [[John William Kilbreth]], U.S. Army brigadier general during World War I{{sfn|''Where They're Buried''|page=460}}
* [[Bernard Kroger]], founder of [[Kroger]] supermarkets<ref name="Retro SG" />
* [[Alexander Long]], [[Congressman]]
* [[Nicholas Longworth (winemaker)|Nicholas Longworth]], Father of American grape culture
* [[Joseph Longworth]], art collector and patron, son of Nicholas Longworth
* [[Nicholas Longworth]], politician, Speaker of the US House of Representatives, grandson of Nicholas Longworth
* [[William Haines Lytle]], 19th century Ohio, general, politician, poet
* [[Joseph Mason (artist)|Joseph Mason]], artist, who was an uncredited assistant to [[John James Audubon]] in illustrating [[the Birds of America]]
* [[Stanley Matthews (judge)|Stanley Matthews]], [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States|Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court]]
* [[Alexander McDowell McCook]], [[Union army]] general
* [[Charles Pettit McIlvaine]], Episcopal bishop, author, educator and twice Chaplain of the United States Senate
* [[John McLean]], [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States|Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court]]
* [[Thomas Satterwhite Noble]], painter<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kleber |first=John E. |title=The Kentucky Encyclopedia |publisher=University of Press of Kentucky |year=1992 |pages=683}}</ref>
* [[George Hunt Pendleton]], Congressman and US [[United States Senate|Senator]]
* [[Sarah Morgan Bryan Piatt]], poet
* [[Thomas C. Powell]] (1865–1945), railroad executive and member of the War Industries Board<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-cincinnati-enquirer-death-comes-to-r/139725740/ |title=Death Comes to Railway Official |date=1945-02-11 |newspaper=The Cincinnati Enquirer |page=16 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=2024-01-28 |archive-date=January 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128064136/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-cincinnati-enquirer-death-comes-to-r/139725740/ |url-status=live }}{{Open access}}</ref>
* [[William Procter (candlemaker)|William Procter]], co-founder of [[Procter and Gamble]]<ref name="Retro SG" />
* [[Skip Prosser]], [[Wake Forest University]] men's [[basketball]] head coach at the time of his death, former assistant and head men's basketball coach at [[Xavier University (Cincinnati)|Xavier University]]
* [[Tony Scott (baseball)|Tony Scott]], professional baseball player
* [[Henry Stanbery]], [[Attorney General of the United States]]
* [[Adolph Strauch]], landscape architect, designer of Spring Grove Cemetery
* [[Dudley Sutphin]], Cincinnati attorney, judge and [[French Legion of Honor]] medal winner
* [[Alphonso Taft]], politician, father of [[President of the United States]] [[William Howard Taft]]
* [[Charles Phelps Taft II]], Mayor of Cincinnati and son of President William Howard Taft
* [[Louise Taft]], second wife of Alphonso Taft and mother of William Howard Taft
* [[Mary Lee Tate]], painter and teacher<ref name="NKAAD">{{Cite web |date=May 30, 2023 |title=Tate, Mary Lee |url=https://nkaa.uky.edu/nkaa/index.php/items/show/93 |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=Notable Kentucky African Americans Database |publisher=[[University of Kentucky Libraries]]}}</ref>
* [[John Morgan Walden]], [[Bishop]] of the [[Methodist Episcopal Church]]
* [[Godfrey Weitzel]], Civil War general
* [[Frances Wright]], pioneering [[feminist]], abolitionist, and [[Freethought|freethinker]]

== See also ==
* [[List of botanical gardens and arboretums in the United States]]
* [[List of National Historic Landmarks in Ohio]]
* [[List of burial places of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Spring Grove Cemetery, Cincinnati}}
* [http://www.springgrove.org/ Spring Grove Cemetery and Arboretum]
* [http://www.cincinnaticwrt.org/data/ohio%20in%20the%20war/barnett_forty_for_the_union/barnett_article.html Forty Civil War generals buried in Spring Grove Cemetery]
* [http://www.cincinnatimemory.org/gsdl/collect/greaterc/archives/HASH013e/558da729.dir/ocp001931pccpc.jpg Spring Grove Entrance]
* {{Find a Grave cemetery}}

{{National Register of Historic Places in Ohio}}

{{coord|39.164559|N|84.522672|W|source:dewiki_region:US_type:landmark|format=dms|display=title}}

[[Category:Arboreta in Ohio]]
[[Category:Cemeteries in Cincinnati]]
[[Category:Botanical gardens in Ohio]]
[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Cincinnati]]
[[Category:National Historic Landmarks in Ohio]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Hamilton County, Ohio]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Cincinnati]]
[[Category:Gothic Revival architecture in Ohio]]
[[Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio]]
[[Category:Cemeteries on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio]]
[[Category:Rural cemeteries]]
[[Category:Cemeteries established in the 1840s]]
[[Category:1845 establishments in Ohio]]

Spring Grove Cemetery - Revision history

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