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Fixed CS1 maint: extra punctuation and general fixes

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'''Slovene months''' have standard modern names derived from Latin names, as in most European languages. There are also archaic Slovene month names, mostly of [[Slavic calendar|Slavic origin]], which exist in both a standardized set as well as many variations.

==Standard modern names==
[[File:Obaha gravestone - detail.jpg|thumb|Gravestone with the archaic spelling ''februvarij'' 'February']]
The standard modern Slovene month names are ''januar'', ''februar'', ''marec'', ''april'', ''maj'', ''junij'', ''julij'', ''avgust'', ''september'', ''oktober'', ''november'', and ''december''. When writing dates, they appear after the day and are often represented by Arabic numerals, and sometimes with Roman numerals (e.g., ''19. 5.'' or ''19. V.'' '19 May'). Older variants include ''januvarij'' 'January', ''februvarij'' 'February', and ''marcij'' 'March'.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Gradišnik|first1=A.|title=Čas|journal=Učiteljski tovariš|date=October 1, 1883|volume=23|issue=19|page=299}}</ref>

==Standard archaic names==
{{see also|Slavic calendar}}
Many of the names in the standardized set of archaic Slovene month names first occur in the [[Škofja Loka manuscript]], written in 1466 by [[Martin of Loka]].<ref name="Stabej 1966">{{cite journal |url=http://www.dlib.si/details/URN:NBN:SI:DOC-93FLIZJH/ |title=Ob petstoletnici škofjeloškega zapisa slovenskih imen za mesece |language=Slovenian |trans-title=On the 500th Anniversary of the Škofja Loka Recording of Slovene Month Names |first=Jože |last=Stabej |journal=Loški razgledi |year=1966 |volume=13 |publisher=Muzejsko društvo Škofja Loka [Museum Society of Škofja Loka] |issn=0459-8210}}</ref>

[[File:Peterlin grave in Rob Slovenia.jpg|thumb|right|A gravestone in [[Rob, Velike Lašče|Rob]] with traditional Slovene month names: "Matia Peterlin. Born 22 January 1784, Died 24 March 1863. Long are the years, but quickly they have run their course. The Lord has called him into eternal life. Erected with love by his son Janez."]]
* [[January]] {{lang|sl|prosinec}} '(sun) shining through';<ref name="Snoj">Snoj, Marko. 2003. ''Slovenski etimološki slovar''. 2nd edition. Ljubljana: Modrijan.</ref><ref name="Vastikova">Vaštíková, Zuzana. 2012. ''Slovinské a české pranostiky''. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, Filozofická fakulta, Ústav slavistiky.</ref> modern Slovene {{lang|sl|januar}}
* [[February]] {{lang|sl|svečan}} perhaps 'dry' or 'cut' (influenced by ''svečnica'' 'Candlemas');<ref name="Snoj"/><ref name="Vastikova"/> modern Slovene {{lang|sl|februar}}
* [[March]] {{lang|sl|sušec}} '(earth) dry (enough for cultivation)';<ref name="Snoj"/><ref name="Vastikova"/> modern Slovene {{lang|sl|marec}}
* [[April]] {{lang|sl|mali traven}} 'small grass';<ref name="Snoj"/><ref name="Vastikova"/> modern Slovene {{lang|sl|april}}
* [[May]] {{lang|sl|veliki traven}} 'large grass';<ref name="Snoj"/><ref name="Vastikova"/> modern Slovene {{lang|sl|maj}}
* [[June]] {{lang|sl|rožnik}} 'flowers' (a translation of German ''Rosenmonat'');<ref name="Snoj"/><ref name="Vastikova"/> modern Slovene {{lang|sl|junij}}
* [[July]] {{lang|sl|mali srpan}} 'small sickle' (i.e., reaping);<ref name="Snoj"/><ref name="Vastikova"/> modern Slovene {{lang|sl|julij}}
* [[August]] {{lang|sl|veliki srpan}} 'large sickle' (i.e., reaping);<ref name="Snoj"/><ref name="Vastikova"/> modern Slovene {{lang|sl|avgust}}
* [[September]] {{lang|sl|kimavec}} 'nodding (fruit)';<ref name="Vastikova"/> modern Slovene {{lang|sl|september}}
* [[October]] {{lang|sl|vinotok}} 'wine flowing' (a translation of German ''Weinmonat'');<ref name="Snoj"/><ref name="Vastikova"/> modern Slovene {{lang|sl|oktober}}
* [[November]] {{lang|sl|listopad}} 'falling leaves';<ref name="Snoj"/><ref name="Vastikova"/> modern Slovene {{lang|sl|november}}
* [[December]] {{lang|sl|gruden}} 'biting (cold)'<ref name="Snoj"/> or 'clumped (earth)';<ref name="Vastikova"/> modern Slovene {{lang|sl|december}}

==Variant archaic month names==
Multiple systems have been used in various Slovene-speaking regions, some of which were based on the names of saints (e.g., ''jurjevščak'' 'April', literally 'St. George's'), numbers (e.g., ''prvnik'' 'January', literally 'first'), or other features (e.g., ''vetrnik'' 'March', literally 'windy'). In the [[Prekmurje Slovene|Prekmurje dialect]] of Slovene, the following system was attested: ''sečen'' 'January', ''süšec'' 'February', ''mali traven'' 'March', ''velki traven'' 'April', ''risalšček'' 'May', ''ivanšček'' 'June', ''jakopešček'' 'July', ''mešnjek'' 'August', ''mihalšček'' 'September', ''vsesvišček'' 'October', ''andrejšček'' 'November', ''božič'' 'December'.<ref>''Kalendar najsvetetjšeja srca Jezušovoga.'' 1925. 22: 3–8.</ref>

===By month===
;January
Additional names include ''brumen'' (< Italian ''bruma'' 'depth of winter'),<ref name="Pletersnik">[[Maks Pleteršnik|Pleteršnik, Maks]]. 1894/95. ''Slovensko-nemški slovar''. Ljubljana: Knezoškofijstvo.</ref> ''sečen''<ref name="Pletersnik"/> (related to ''suh'' 'dry' or from ''sek-'' 'cut'),<ref name="Snoj"/> ''ledenec''<ref name="Pletersnik"/> and ''lednik''<ref name="Pletersnik"/> (< ''led'' 'ice'), ''mali božičnjak''<ref name="Pletersnik"/> and ''malobožičnjak''<ref name="Pletersnik"/> (< ''mali božič'' 'Epiphany'),<ref name="Reindl">Reindl, Donald F. 1995. Evidence for the Germanic Origins of Some Slovene Month Names. ''Slovene Studies'' 15: 169–178.</ref> ''prozimec''<ref name="Pletersnik"/> (probably contamination of ''prosinec'' with ''zima'' 'winter'), ''prvnik''<ref name="Pletersnik"/> (< ''prvi'' 'first'), and ''zimec''<ref name="Pletersnik"/> (< ''zima'' 'winter').<ref name="Reindl"/> The name ''prosinec'', associated with [[millet bread]] and the act of asking for something, was first written in the Škofja Loka manuscript.<ref name="Stabej 1966"/>
;February
Additional names include ''sečan''<ref name="Snoj"/><ref name="Pletersnik"/> and ''sečen''<ref name="Snoj"/><ref name="Pletersnik"/> (both related to ''suh'' 'dry' or from ''sek-'' 'cut'),<ref name="Snoj"/> and ''sečni mesec'' (< ''sek-'' 'cut').<ref name="Snoj"/> The name ''svečan'' may relate to [[icicle]]s or [[Presentation of Jesus at the Temple|Candlemas]].<ref name="KoledarDPG2007">{{citation |url=http://www.dobrova-polhovgradec.si/doc/priponke/koledar%20prir%2007%20zadnji.pdf |title=Koledar prireditev v letu 2007 in druge informacije občine Dobrova–Polhov Gradec |language=Slovenian |trans-title=The Calendar of Events and Other Information of the Municipality of Dobrova–Polhov Gradec  |publisher=Municipality of Dobrova-Polhov Gradec |year=2006}}</ref> This name originates from ''sičan'',<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0V9gAAAAMAAJ |title=Zeitschrift für slavische Philologie |journal= |publisher=Markert&Petters |year=1972 |editor-first=Max |editor-last=Vasmer |page=115 |volume=36–37}}</ref> written as ''svičan'' in the ''[[New Carniolan Almanac]]'' from 1775 and changed to its final form by [[Franc Metelko]] in his ''New Almanac'' from 1824.<ref name="KoledarDPG2007" /> The name was also spelled ''sečan'', meaning "the month of cutting down of trees".<ref name="KoledarDPG2007" /> In 1848, a proposal was put forward in ''[[Kmetijske in rokodelske novice]]'' by the [[Slovene Society, Ljubljana|Slovene Society of Ljubljana]] to call this month ''talnik'' (related to ice melting), but it has not stuck. The idea was proposed by the priest and patriot [[Blaž Potočnik]].<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.dlib.si/details/URN:NBN:SI:doc-ACZAUJWT/?&language=eng |journal=Kmetijske in Rokodelske Novice |title=Slovenska imena mesecev |trans-title=Slovene Names of Months |volume=6 |issue=37 |date=13 September 1848}}</ref> A name of February in Slovene was also ''vesnar'', after the mythological character [[Vesna (mythology)|Vesna]].<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.posta.si/downloadfile.aspx?fileid=14263 |title=Slovenska mitologija – Vesna |language=Slovenian, English, German |trans-title=Slovene Mythology – Vesna |journal=Bilten; poštne znamke [Bulletin: Postage Stamps] |issue=56 |year=2005 |issn=1318-6280 |first=Janez |last=Bogataj}}</ref>
;March
Additional names include ''brezen''<ref name="Pletersnik"/><ref name="SSKJ">Bajec, Anton et al. 2000. ''Slovar slovenskega knjižnega jezika''. Ljubljana: DZS.</ref> and ''breznik''<ref name="KoledarDPG2007"/> (both from ''breza'' 'birch'),<ref name="ESSJ">Bezlaj, France (ed.). 1977–2007. ''Etimološki slovar slovenskega jezika''. 5 volumes. Ljubljana: SAZU.</ref> ''ebehtnik'' (< Middle High German ''ebennaht'' 'equinox'),<ref name="Pletersnik"/> ''gregorščak''<ref name="Pletersnik"/> (< ''Gregor'' '(Saint) Gregory'), ''marcij'',<ref name="Pletersnik"/> ''postnik''<ref name="Pletersnik"/> (< ''post'' 'Lent'), ''traven''<ref name="Pletersnik"/> (< ''trava'' 'grass'), and ''tretnik''<ref name="Pletersnik"/> (< ''tretji'' 'third'). The name ''sušec'' was first written in the Škofja Loka manuscript.
;April
Additional names include ''brezen''<ref name="Pletersnik"/> (< ''breza'' 'birch')<ref name="ESSJ"/> and ''jurijevščak''<ref name="Pletersnik"/> (< ''Jurij'' '(Saint) George'). The name ''mali traven'' was first written in the Škofja Loka manuscript.<ref name="KoledarDPG2007"/>
;May
Additional names include ''cvetičnik''<ref name="Pletersnik"/> and ''cvetnar'' (both < ''cvet'' 'flower'), ''majnik'',<ref name="Snoj"/><ref name="Pletersnik"/> ''mlečen''<ref name="Reindl"/> (< ''mleč'' 'chicory'),<ref name="Reindl"/> ''risalščak''<ref name="Pletersnik"/> and ''rusalščak''<ref name="Pletersnik"/> (< ''risale/rusale'' 'Pentecost'),<ref name="Reindl"/> ''rožni mesec'' (< ''roža'' 'flower'), and ''sviben''<ref name="Pletersnik"/> (< ''sviba'' '(flowering of) dogwood'). The name ''veliki traven'' was first written in the Škofja Loka manuscript.
;June
Additional names include ''bobov cvet''<ref name="SSKJ"/> (literally, '[[Vicia faba|broad bean]] blossom') ''ivanjščak''<ref name="Pletersnik"/> and ''šentjanževec''<ref name="Pletersnik"/> (both referring to [[Midsummer|Saint John's Day]]), ''klasen''<ref name="Pletersnik"/> (< ''klas'' 'head of grain'), ''kresnik''<ref name="Pletersnik"/> (< ''kres'' 'bonfire', referring to [[Midsummer]]), ''prašnik''<ref name="Pletersnik"/> (literally, 'stamen'), ''rožencvet''<ref name="Reindl"/> and ''rožni cvet''<ref name="Pletersnik"/><ref name="SSKJ"/> (both 'flower blossom'), and ''rženi cvet''<ref name="SSKJ"/> ('rye blossom').
;July
Additional names include ''jakobnik''<ref name="Pletersnik"/> and ''jakobščak''<ref name="Pletersnik"/> (both referring to [[James, son of Zebedee|Saint James's Day]]), ''pšeničnik''<ref name="Pletersnik"/> (< ''pšenica'' 'wheat'), and ''žetnik''<ref name="Pletersnik"/> (< ''žetev'' 'reaping').
;August
Additional names include ''kolovožnjak'',<ref name="Pletersnik"/> ''medmašnik'',<ref name="Pletersnik"/> ''mešnjak'',<ref name="Pletersnik"/> ''otavnik'',<ref name="Pletersnik"/><ref name="SSKJ"/> ''porcijunkula'',<ref name="SSKJ"/> ''velikomašnjak'',<ref name="Pletersnik"/> and ''vršenj''.<ref name="Pletersnik"/>
;September
Additional names include ''jesenik'',<ref name="Pletersnik"/> ''jesenščak'',<ref name="Pletersnik"/> ''kozoprsk'',<ref name="Pletersnik"/> ''miholščak'',<ref name="Pletersnik"/> ''poberuh'',<ref name="Pletersnik"/><ref name="SSKJ"/> and ''šmihelščnik''.<ref name="Pletersnik"/>
;October
Additional names include ''kozoprsk'',<ref name="Pletersnik"/><ref name="SSKJ"/> ''listopad'',<ref name="Pletersnik"/> ''lukovščak'',<ref name="Pletersnik"/> ''moštnik'',<ref name="Pletersnik"/> ''obročnik'',<ref name="Pletersnik"/> ''repar'',<ref name="Pletersnik"/> ''repnik'',<ref name="Pletersnik"/> ''vinec'',<ref name="Pletersnik"/> and ''vinščak''.<ref name="Pletersnik"/><ref name="SSKJ"/>
;November
Additional names include ''andrejščak'',<ref name="Pletersnik"/> ''gnilolist'',<ref name="Pletersnik"/> ''listognoj'',<ref name="Pletersnik"/><ref name="SSKJ"/> ''martinščak'',<ref name="Pletersnik"/> ''vsesvečnjak'',<ref name="Pletersnik"/> and ''vsesvečak''.<ref name="Pletersnik"/>
;December
Additional names include ''kolednjak''<ref name="Pletersnik"/> and ''veliki božičnjak''<ref name="Pletersnik"/> (< ''božič'' 'Christmas').<ref name="Reindl"/>

==See also==
*[[Croatian months]]
*[[Czech months]]
*[[Macedonian months]]
*[[Slavic calendar]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*http://projetbabel.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=7222 A comprehensive table of Slavic and Baltic month names, explanation in French.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Slovene months}}
[[Category:Slovene language]]
[[Category:Months]]

Slovene months - Revision history

imported>BattyBot: Fixed CS1 maint: extra punctuation and general fixes