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{{short description|English shipbuilder}}
{{Other people|Charles Palmer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sir Charles Palmer
| honorific_suffix = [[Baronet|Bt]]
| image = File:Charles_Palmer.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| constituency_MP = [[North Durham (UK Parliament constituency)|North Durham]]
| term_start = 21 January 1874
| term_end = 24 November 1885
| predecessor = [[Sir Hedworth Williamson, 8th Baronet|Sir Hedworth Williamson]] <br />[[Sir George Elliot, 1st Baronet|George Elliot]]
| successor = Constituency abolished
| constituency_MP1 = [[Jarrow (UK Parliament constituency)|Jarrow]]
| term_start1 = 24 November 1885
| term_end1 = 3 June 1907
| predecessor1 = Constituency created
| successor1 = [[Pete Curran]]
| birth_name = Charles Mark Palmer
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1822|11|03}}
| birth_place = [[South Shields]], County Durham, England
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1907|06|04|1822|11|03}}
| death_place =
| party = [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal Party]]
| occupation = Shipbuilder, businessman
| known_for = Founder and owner of [[Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Company]]
| awards = 
| nickname =
| allegiance = United Kingdom
| branch = British Army
| serviceyears = 1868 - 1888
| rank = [[Colonel (United Kingdom)|Colonel]]
| unit = [[Royal Engineers]]
| commands = [[1st Durham Engineers|1st Durham Engineer Volunteers]]
| battles =
| mawards = 
}}

'''Sir Charles Mark Palmer, 1st Baronet''' (3 November 1822 – 4 June 1907) was an English shipbuilder born in [[South Shields]], County Durham, England. He was also a [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal Party]] politician and [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]]. His father, originally the captain of a [[whaling|whaler]], moved in 1828 to [[Newcastle upon Tyne]], where he owned a ship owning and ship-broking business.

==Early life==
At the age of 15 Charles Palmer entered a shipping business in the city. After six months, he travelled to [[Marseille]], France, where his father had procured him a post in a large commercial house, at the same time entrusting him with the local agency of his own business. After two years' experience in Marseilles he entered his father's business in Newcastle, and in 1842 he became a partner.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

His business capacity attracted the attention of a leading local colliery owner, and he was appointed manager of the [[Marley Hill]] colliery south of [[Gateshead]], in which he became a partner in 1846.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/collier-who-steamed-north-legend-1619012 | title=Collier who steamed into North legend| date=29 May 2004}}</ref> Subsequently, he was made one of the managers of the associated collieries north and south of the Tyne owned by Lord Ravensworth, Lord Wharncliffe, the Marquess of Bute and Lord Strathmore.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

==Emergence as an entrepreneur==
Using the profits of the Marley Hill colliery, he gradually purchased the properties of his erstwhile employer, while simultaneously he greatly developed the recently established coke trade, obtaining the coke contracts for several of the large English and continental railways.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

==Establishment of Palmer's shipyard==
{{main|Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Company}}
[[File:Charles Mark Palmer, Vanity Fair, 1884-10-18.jpg|thumb|"Shipping". Caricature by [[Carlo Pellegrini (caricaturist)|Ape]] published in ''[[Vanity Fair (British magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'' in 1884]]
About 1850 the question of coal-transport to the London market became a serious question for north country colliery proprietors. Palmer therefore built, largely according to his own plans, the {{ship||John Bowes|steamship|2}}, the first iron screw [[collier (ship)|collier]], and several other steam-colliers, in a yard established by him at Jarrow, then a small Tyneside village.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

He then purchased iron mines in [[Yorkshire]] and erected large shipbuilding yards along the Tyne at Jarrow, including blast-furnaces, steel-works, rolling-mills and engine works, all on a massive scale. The firm produced [[warship]]s as well as merchant vessels, and its system of rolling armour plates, introduced in 1856, was generally adopted by other builders.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

In 1865 he turned the business into ''Palmer's Shipbuilding and Iron Company Limited''.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

==Military career==
In 1868 Palmer raised a new unit in the [[Volunteer Force]], the [[1st Durham Engineers|1st Durham Engineer Volunteers]] at [[Jarrow]], and he was commissioned as [[Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant-Colonel]] Commandant. Later, the 1st Durham EV merged with the smaller [[1st Newcastle Engineers|1st Newcastle EV]] as the 1st Newcastle upon Tyne and Durham EV, with Palmer as commanding officer.<ref name = List>''Army List''.</ref><ref name = Westlake>Westlake, p. 7.</ref><ref name = DurhamFort>[https://web.archive.org/web/20051123125804/http://regiments.org/regiments/uk/volmil-england/vengr/du-fort.htm Durham Fortress Engineers at Regiments.org]</ref><ref>Short ''et al'', p. 2.</ref>

Palmer retired from the Volunteers in 1888 with the rank of [[Colonel (United Kingdom)|Colonel]]. The same year, the 1st Newcastle & Durham was split into three separate units: the [[1st Durham Engineers|1st Durham Royal Engineers (Volunteers)]], at Jarrow,<ref name = Westlake/><ref name = DurhamFort/> and the [[Tyne Electrical Engineers|Tyne Division RE (V), Submarine Miners]] at [[North Shields]], with Palmer as Honorary Commandant of both units,<ref name = List/><ref name = Burke>''Burke's Peerage and Barinetage''.</ref><ref>Short ''et al'', pp. 4–5.</ref><ref>Westlake, p. 15.</ref><ref name = Regts>[https://web.archive.org/web/20051123125827/http://regiments.org/regiments/uk/volmil-england/vengr/nd-tyne.htm Tyne Electrical Engineers at Regiments.org]</ref> together with a new [[1st Newcastle Engineers|1st Newcastle upon Tyne RE (V)]].<ref>Westlake, p. 13.</ref> Palmer's younger brother, Alfred Septimus Palmer (1834–1910), a Newcastle mining engineer who had been a major in the 1st Newcastle and Durham, became commanding officer of the third unit.<ref name = List/><ref>[http://www.ericmark.talktalk.net/family-tree/alfred1.html Alfred Septimus Palmer family tree and biography at Eric Palmer's Home Page, accessed 5/2/15]</ref>

==Political career==
[[File:Palmer Statue overlooking Jarrow Town Hall - geograph.org.uk - 1596898.jpg|thumb|right|Statue of Charles Palmer, opposite the [[Jarrow Town Hall]]]]
At the [[1874 United Kingdom general election|1874 general election]], Palmer was elected as [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal Party]] [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] (MP) for [[North Durham (UK Parliament constituency)|North Durham]], and held the seat until its abolition for the [[1885 United Kingdom general election|1885 general election]]. He was then elected for the new [[Jarrow (UK Parliament constituency)|Jarrow constituency]], and sat for the constituency until his death in London in 1907. He had a London home in [[Grosvenor Square]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Grosvenor Square: Individual Houses built before 1926 Pages 117-166 Survey of London: Volume 40, the Grosvenor Estate in Mayfair, Part 2 (The Buildings). |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol40/pt2/pp117-166 |website=British History Online |publisher=LCC 1980 |access-date=5 December 2022}}</ref>

He was twice Mayor of [[Jarrow]], in 1875 and again in 1902–03.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Political Notes |date=13 November 1902 |page=9 |issue=36924}}</ref>

Palmer was in 1902 President of the Newcastle and Gateshead Chamber of Commerce (he probably held this position for several years).<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Newcastle Coal and foreign competition|date=1 October 1902 |page=8 |issue=36887}}</ref>

==Baronetcy==
In 1886, Palmer's services in connection with the settlement of the costly dispute between British ship-owners and the ''Suez Canal Company'' (of which he was then a director) were rewarded with a [[baronet]]cy, as Sir Charles Palmer, 1st Baronet of Grinkle Park, County York.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}<ref name = Burke/>

He was lord of the manor of [[Hinderwell]] which was inherited by his widow Gertrude.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Page |first1=William |title=Parishes: Hinderwell Pages 365-371 A History of the County of York North Riding: Volume 2. Originally published by Victoria County History, London, 1923. |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/yorks/north/vol2/pp365-371#h3-0002 |website=British History Online |access-date=16 August 2020}}</ref>

==Family==
Palmer married, firstly, on 29 July 1846, Jane, daughter of Ebenezer Robson of Newcastle. They had two sons:<ref name = Burke/>
* George Robson Palmer, later 2nd Baronet (1849–1910)
* Alfred Molyneux Palmer, later 3rd Baronet (1853–1935)
Jane Palmer died on 6 April 1865.

Palmer married, secondly, on 4 July 1867, Augusta Mary, daughter of Alfred Lambert, of Paris and Massa di Carraca, Italy. They had two further sons:<ref name = Burke/>
* Lt-Col Claude Bowes Palmer, [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]], [[Royal Army Medical Corps]] (Volunteers) (1868–1949)
* Capt Lionel Hugo Palmer, 3rd Bn [[West Yorkshire Regiment]] and [[North-West Mounted Police|Royal North-West Mounted Police]], Canada (1870–1914)
Augusta Palmer died 2 December 1875.

Palmer married, thirdly, on 17 February 1877, Gertrude, daughter of [[James Montgomrey]] of Brentford, Middlesex.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ronalds|first=B.F.|date=2018|title=The Montgomrey Family of Brentford: Timber Merchants and Benefactors|journal=London's Industrial Archaeology|volume=16|pages=57–69}}</ref> They had two children:<ref name = Burke/>
* Major [[Godfrey Palmer (politician)|Godfrey Mark Palmer]], MP for Jarrow (1878–1933)
* Hilda Gertrude Montgomerie Palmer (1884–1946)

Sir Charles Palmer died on 4 June 1907, when he was succeeded in the baronetcy by his eldest son. Gertrude, Lady Palmer, died on 21 January 1918.<ref name = Burke/>

==Arms==
{{Infobox COA wide
|image = Palmer (of Grinkle Park) Escutcheon.png
|escutcheon = Sable on a chevron between three crescents in chief and a lion passant in base Argent two tilting spears chevron-wise Proper.
|crest = In front of a tilting spear erect Proper a wyvern Or resting the dexter foot on a crescent Argent.
|motto = Par Sit Fortuna Labori<ref>{{cite book|title=Burke's Peerage |date=1956}}</ref>}}

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* {{EB1911|wstitle = Palmer, Sir Charles Mark|volume=20|page=644}}
* ''Burke's Peerage and Baronetage'' (various edns).
* Maj O.M. Short, Maj H. Sherlock, Capt L.E.C.M. Perowne and Lt M.A. Fraser, ''The History of the Tyne Electrical Engineers, Royal Engineers, 1884–1933'', 1933/Uckfield: Naval & Military, nd, {{ISBN|1-845747-96-8}}.
* R.A. Westlake, ''Royal Engineers (Volunteers) 1859–1908'', Wembley: R.A. Westlake, 1983, {{ISBN|0-9508530-0-3}}.

== External links ==
{{commons category|Charles Mark Palmer}}
* {{Hansard-contribs | sir-charles-palmer | Sir Charles Palmer }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051228103659/http://www.regiments.org/regiments/index.htm Land Forces of Britain, the Empire and Commonwealth (Regiments.org)]

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|uk}}
{{s-bef | before = [[Sir Hedworth Williamson, 8th Baronet|Sir Hedworth Williamson]] <br />[[Sir George Elliot, 1st Baronet|George Elliot]] }}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for [[North Durham (UK Parliament constituency)|North Durham]]
| with = [[Lowthian Bell]] Feb–Jun 1874
| with2 = [[Sir George Elliot, 1st Baronet|George Elliot]] 1874–1880
| with3 = [[John Joicey]] 1880–1881
| with4 = [[Sir George Elliot, 1st Baronet|George Elliot]] 1881–1885
| years = [[1874 United Kingdom general election|1874]]–[[1885 United Kingdom general election|1885]]
}}
{{s-non | reason = Constituency abolished }}
{{s-new | constituency }}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Jarrow (UK Parliament constituency)|Jarrow]]
| years = [[1885 United Kingdom general election|1885]]–[[1907 Jarrow by-election|1907]]
}}
{{s-aft | after = [[Pete Curran]] }}
{{s-reg|uk-bt}}
{{s-new | creation }}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Palmer baronets|Baronet]]<br />'''(of Grinkle Park and Newcastle upon Tyne)'''
| years = 1886–1907
}}
{{s-aft | after = George Robson Palmer }}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Palmer, Charles Mark}}
[[Category:1822 births]]
[[Category:1907 deaths]]
[[Category:English shipbuilders]]
[[Category:Royal Engineers officers]]
[[Category:Palmer baronets|501]]
[[Category:Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1874–1880]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1880–1885]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1885–1886]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1886–1892]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1892–1895]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1895–1900]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1900–1906]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1906–1910]]
[[Category:People from South Shields]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Tyne and Wear]]
[[Category:19th-century English businesspeople]]

Sir Charles Palmer, 1st Baronet - Revision history

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