imported>Richard Nevell: +caption

2025-05-17T23:25:27Z

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{{Infobox settlement
| name = Shuja'iyya
| settlement_type = Neighborhood
| official_name = Shuja'ia
| native_name = {{lang|ar|الشجاعية}}
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| image_skyline = File:Ibn Othman Mosque.jpg
| imagesize = 250px
| image_caption = The Ibn Othman Mosque in 2017
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| pushpin_map = Palestine Gaza 
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Gaza Strip
| pushpin_mapsize = 250
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = Palestine
| subdivision_type1 = [[Governorates of Syria|Governorate]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Gaza Governorate]]
| subdivision_type2 = City
| subdivision_name2 = [[Gaza City|Gaza]]
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| timezone = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]
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'''Shuja'iyya''' ({{langx|ar|الشجاعية}}), also ''Shejaiya'', ''Shijaiyeh'', ''Shujayya'', ''Shuja'ia'', ''Shuja'iya'', is the southern quarter of [[Old City of Gaza]], and the only quarter of the Old City located outside the historical city walls.<ref name=Sharon>{{cite book |title=Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae|chapter=Gaza |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P2LtyFVNJmcC |first1=Moshe |last1=Sharon |author-link=Moshe Sharon |year=2009 |volume=4 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-17085-8|pages=28–30|quote=The old city of Gaza, where all the remnants of the ancient, medieval and early Ottoman city are found, is divided into four quarters, a few of which are subdivided. Three of these quarters (at-Tuffäh, ad-Daraj, and az-Zaytun) were within the walls of the ancient city. The southeastern quarter, as-Saja'iyyah, developed later than the others, mainly outside these walls… The four quarters of the city are as follows… The last Quarter in the southeast (generally east): Hãrat (or Flayy) as-Sajaiyyah… As mentioned, this quarter developed in the Middle Ages mainly outside the city walls… being built outside the wall, it had extensive possibilities to develop and become the largest quarter of the city, surpassing the Zaytun Quarter. The Sajaiyyah is subdivided into two parts: al-Judaydah (coll. Judeideh/Jdeideh) or Saja'iyyat al-Akrād (the Saja'iyyah of the Kurds) in the northeast, and at-Turkmän in the south.}}</ref> It is one of the largest neighborhoods in Gaza, once holding 92,000<ref name="Commission2015">[http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/CoIGaza/A_HRC_CRP_4.doc ''Report of the detailed findings of the Commission of Inquiry on the 2014 Gaza Conflict''], ohchr.org (United Nations A/HRC/29/CRP.4), 22 June 2015, pp. 70-79 paragraphs 251-299.</ref> to 100,000<ref name="Gisha">[http://www.gisha.org/map-item.asp?lang_id=en&p_id=892m Shuja'iya Primary School for Girls]{{dead link|date=May 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}. Gisha–Legal Center for Freedom of Movement. 2011.</ref> residents. It is located east of Gaza's city center, and its nucleus is situated on a hill located across the main [[Salah al-Din Road]] that runs north–south throughout the [[Gaza Strip]]. Shuja'iyya contains several ancient structures, mosques and tombs.<ref name="MET">[http://www.mideasttravelling.net/palestine/gaza/gaza_culture.htm Travel in Gaza] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130823050026/http://www.mideasttravelling.net/palestine/gaza/gaza_culture.htm |date=2013-08-23 }} MidEastTravelling.</ref> The Commonwealth War Cemetery is located {{convert|2|km|mi}} north of the commercial center of the neighborhood.<ref name="Jacobs">Jacobs, 1998, p.455.</ref>

==History==
Shuja'iyya dates from the [[Ayyubid]] period in Gaza, and is named after Shuja' al-Din Uthman al-Kurdi, an Ayyubid ''[[emir]]'' ("commander") who died fighting against the [[Crusades|Crusader]]s in 1239.<ref name=Haldiman195>Haldimann and Humbert, 2007, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=mET5E-z-nLoC&pg=PT195 195]</ref><ref>According to [[Al-Maqrizi]], cited in Cohen and Lewis, 1978, p. 119</ref> The district is the first extension of Gaza beyond its city walls,<ref name=Haldiman195/> and was a mixed quarter, as opposed to other quarters of Gaza.<ref>Meyer, 1907, p. [https://archive.org/stream/historyofcityofg00meyeuoft#page/108/mode/1up 108]</ref> It was generally a commercial district, but also partially residential. During the [[Middle Ages]], the neighborhood's houses were poorly built and its roads were narrow and unpaved. However, it also boasted many extravagant mosques and [[Muslim]] sanctuaries.<ref name="Sharon30">Sharon, 2009, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=P2LtyFVNJmcC&pg=PA30 30] -31</ref> The 14th-century [[Ibn Uthman Mosque]] and [[Zofor Domri Mosque|al-Zufurdimri Mosque]] are located in Shuja'iyya,<ref name="Jacobs"/> The 15th-century [[Mahkamah Mosque]] is also located there.

Being built outside the city's wall, Shuja'iyya had more potential to grow than the [[al-Daraj]], Zaytoun, and [[al-Tuffah]] quarters. It eventually grew to become the largest neighborhood in Gaza. It was divided into separate northern and southern parts along ethnic lines. The southern part of the area is called al-Turkuman because of the concentration of [[Syrian Turkmen|Turkoman]] clans who settled there during the reign of Ayyubid sultan [[as-Salih Ayyub]] between 1240 and 1249. The northern part was called al-Judaida or Shuja'iyya al-Akrad. It was populated by [[Kurd]]s originally from the [[Mosul]] area.<ref name="Sharon30"/>

The [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] census of 1525 shows a relatively equal population of Turks and Kurds, with 89 and 90 households, respectively. The [[Jew]]s were the single largest ethnic group with 95 households, while the [[Christians]] had 82. In 1538, however, the Kurdish and Turkoman populations grew dramatically, especially the former. The Kurds had 278 households while the Turks had 181. In 1549, the Kurdish population grew sharply to 406 houses, while the Turkomans maintained a steady growth to 195 houses. The remnants of [[Mamluk]] military units resided in their own separate small community in Shuja'iyya. Their population consisted of 44 households in 1557 which dwindled to 66 persons in 1597.<ref>Cohen and Lewis, 1978, pp. 120-5; cited in Sharon, 2009, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=P2LtyFVNJmcC&pg=PA30 30] -31</ref>

===Modern era===
The Shuja'iya Primary School for Girls was founded in the neighborhood in 1967. In 2011 it had an enrollment of 1,326 students.<ref name="Gisha"/> On October 6, 1987, just before the outbreak of the [[First Intifada]], Shuja'iyya was the site of an armed confrontation between the [[Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine|Palestinian Islamic Jihad]] and the [[Israel Defense Forces|Israeli Army]] (IDF). The clash resulted in the death of an IDF officer and four Islamic Jihad militants, and the day has been commemorated by the latter as the "Battle of Shuja'iyya." On the first anniversary of the operation, in 1988, the Islamic Jihad called for a general strike against [[Israel]].<ref>Abu 'Amr, 1994, p. 107</ref>

The neighborhood is a long-term stronghold of [[Hamas]].<ref name="Harel"/> The rival [[Fatah]]-aligned [[Hilles clan]] carried influence in Shuja'iyya until Hamas police claimed that they were hiding suspects of a previous bombing in the city, consequently resulting in clashes between police forces and clan members, resulting in nine deaths and causing several men from the Hilles clan to leave the neighborhood for resettlement in the West Bank.<ref>Azulai, Yuval.[http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1007739.html 150 Fatah men enter Israel after fleeing Gaza violence] ''[[Haaretz]]'', 8 March 2008.</ref><ref>[http://www.maannews.net/en/index.php?opr=ShowDetails&ID=25874 Ma'an News agency] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928130930/http://www.maannews.net/en/index.php?opr=ShowDetails&ID=25874 |date=2011-09-28 }} Four killed in Gaza fighting 18 October 2007</ref>

Shuja'iyya had been a frequent target in [[2008–2009 Israel–Gaza conflict|Israel's 2008-09 airstrikes of the Gaza Strip]], which killed several members of Hamas' security forces and destroyed the local police station.<ref>[http://www.ccun.org/News/2008/February/28%20n/6%20Palestinians%20Killed,%20including%20a%20child,%20during%20Israeli%20air%20attacks%20on%20Gaza%20today,%20death%20toll%20reaches%2018.htm IOF troops kill five Palestinian resistance fighters in Gaza and Nablus] Center for Al-Jazeerah: Cross-Cultural Understanding.</ref><ref>[http://www.maannews.net/en/index.php?opr=ShowDetails&ID=34293 Strikes continue on Gaza; 292 dead, more than 1,000 injured], [[Ma'an News Agency]], 28 December 2008.</ref> A coalition of Hamas and Islamic Jihad forces battled intensely with the IDF days after the airstrikes.<ref name="Harel">Harel, Amos. [http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1053120.html Three IDF soldiers killed, one critically wounded in Gaza blast] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090811014926/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1053120.html |date=2009-08-11 }}, ''[[Haaretz]]'', 5 September 2009.</ref> Hamas claimed to have lost three fighters, including a local commander after an Israeli airstrike and the Fatah-affiliated [[al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades]] lost a fighter after ambushing undercover Israeli forces in the district.<ref>[http://imeu.net/news/article007477.shtml Death toll rises to eight in 24 hours in Israeli strikes on Gaza Strip] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311042944/http://imeu.net/news/article007477.shtml |date=2012-03-11 }} [[Institute for Middle East Understanding]].</ref> A women and children's clinic was destroyed by an Israeli airstrike during the hostilities with no casualties reported.<ref>Rhodes, Wayne. [http://www.umc-gbcs.org/site/apps/nlnet/content3.aspx?c=frLJK2PKLqF&b=3036711&ct=6634313&notoc=1 "Women and children's clinic destroyed in Gaza"]{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, General Board of Church and Society of the United Methodist Church (2008).</ref>

During the [[2014 Gaza war]], Shuja'iyya was the location of the [[Battle of Shuja'iyya (2014)|Battle of Shuja'iyya]], the fiercest battle of the war, and was heavily shelled by Israeli forces.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/sns-rt-us-palestinians-israel-shelling-20140719,0,842933.story|title=Heavy shelling brings death to Gaza district, triggers exodus|first=Noah|last=Browning|author2=Nidal al-Mughrabi|agency=Reuters |publisher=Chicago Tribune |date=20 July 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728081323/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/sns-rt-us-palestinians-israel-shelling-20140719,0,842933.story|archive-date=28 July 2014}}</ref> Between 65 and 120 Palestinians were killed in the fighting, including at least 17 children, 14 women and four elderly persons,<ref name="ReutYnet"/><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Beaumont |first1=Peter |last2=Sherwood |first2=Harriet |last3=Weaver |first3=Matthew |date=2014-07-21 |title=Gaza crisis: Palestinian death toll climbs past 500 as hospital is hit |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/21/gaza-crisis-obama-ceasefire-fighting-goes-on |issn=0261-3077 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021074925/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/21/gaza-crisis-obama-ceasefire-fighting-goes-on |archive-date=Oct 21, 2023 }}</ref> as well as 13 Israeli soldiers.<ref name=americans>{{cite web |url-status=dead |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/americans-killed-fighting-gaza-strip-24642517 |title=2 Americans Killed in Fighting in Gaza Strip |website=ABC News |access-date=18 September 2015 |date=Jul 20, 2014 |first1=Tami |last1=Abdollah |first2=Sarah |last2=Rankin |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140721040317/http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/americans-killed-fighting-gaza-strip-24642517 |archive-date=21 July 2014 }}</ref> Israel stated the district was targeted because 8% of the rocket attacks by Palestinian forces against Israel originated in Shuja'iyya because the area was allegedly a source of tunnels crossing into Israel.<ref name="ReutYnet">[[Reuters]], [http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4547139,00.html "More than 65 killed in Israeli shelling in Gaza City"], ynetnews, 20 July 2014.</ref> After the 2014 war, an Israeli brigade gave soldiers who fought in Shuja'iyya before and after photos, showing the damage. IDF sources said the incident was under investigation.<ref name="haaretz pics">{{cite web|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/.premium-1.610055|title=Pics of flattened Gaza suburb given to soldiers as memento|work=Haaretz|access-date=11 August 2014|author=Oren, Amir |date=Aug 12, 2014 }}</ref> Reconstruction of the quarter is complicated by UN priorities. Funding is allocated according to a ladder of importance, from small to large-scale damage, and many of the cement vouchers for families are sold on the black market.<ref>Naomi Zeveloff, [http://forward.com/news/309460/gazans-brace-for-next-war-but-last-one-hasnt-really-ended "Gaza Braces for Next War, But Last One Hasn't Really Ended"], ''[[The Forward]]'', 8 June 2015.</ref>

During the [[Gaza war]], Shuja'iyya has been the site of three military engagements. The first two battles took place [[Battle of Shuja'iyya (2023)|in December 2023]] and [[2024 Shuja'iyya incursion|June 2024]], with both ending in Israeli withdrawals. During the second battle, the neighborhood experienced more than a week of Israeli bombing, with footage showing the "immense destruction" of the neighborhood.<ref>{{cite web |title=Families 'still trapped' in Shujayea: Video report captures immense destruction |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bPnSKtRc7jY |website=YouTube |publisher=Al Jazeera English |access-date=10 July 2024}}</ref> Between 60,000 and 80,000 people were estimated to have been displaced.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gaza City's Shujaiya district heavily bombarded for fourth consecutive day |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240630-fighting-rages-in-gaza-city-s-shujaiya-for-fourth-day |website=France24 |access-date=10 July 2024}}</ref> By November 2024, more than 80 percent of the neighborhood's population was reported to be displaced and only a "few intact buildings" remaining.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mahmoud |first1=Hani |title='Israeli attacks seek to make Shujayea uninhabitable' |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/10/28/live-medics-among-seven-killed-in-israeli-attack-on-south-lebanon?update=3279437 |website=Al Jazeera English |access-date=4 November 2024}}</ref> In April 2025, Israel began [[2025 Shuja'iyya offensive|a third invasion of Shuja'iyya]].

==Economy==
Gaza's largest market, specializing mostly in clothes and household goods, is in Shuja'iyya; Midan Shuja'iyya ("Shuja'iyya Square") is located at the entrance of the neighborhood from the walled city quarters.<ref name="Jacobs"/> [[Omar Mukhtar Street]] starts in the district and ends in [[Rimal]].<ref>{{cite web |url-status=dead |url=http://www.jmcc.org/palculture/sites.htm#gaza |at=The city of Gaza |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011192511/http://www.jmcc.org/palculture/sites.htm |archive-date=2008-10-11 |website=Jerusalem Media and Communications Centre |title=Palestinian Sites }}</ref> The Municipality of Gaza is implementing a project to enhance Shuja'iyya. It aims to improve the environment and living conditions of its citizens, by widening, restoring, and repairing roads in the district. There is also a development of land located along Salah ad-Din Street, known as Park al-Bastat Shuja'iyya.<ref>[https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ar&u=http://www.mogaza.org/&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=1&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3DGaza%2BMunicipality%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26hs%3DE5j%26pwst%3D1 News and activities of municipality] Municipality of Gaza.</ref>

== Landmarks ==
One of the most significant landmarks in this neighborhood is the mosque of "[[Ibn Uthman Mosque|Ahmed bin Othman]]," commonly referred to by the locals as the Grand Mosque, situated at the heart of the residential and commercial district. Within this mosque lies the tomb of [[Saif Al-Din Yalkhaja]], a Mamluk under the rule of Sultan "[[Barquq|Al-Zahir Barquq]]." He served as the deputy of Gaza City in the year 849 Hijri and died in 850 Hijri, his grave is in the mosque.<ref name="الضوء">{{cite book |author1=شمس الدين السخاوي |date=1992 |location=بيروت |page=291 |publisher=دار الجيل |title=الضوء اللامع لأهل القرن التاسع |url=https://ia800702.us.archive.org/6/items/waq10879waq/10_10883.pdf |volume=10}}</ref><ref name="النجوم">{{cite book |author1=ابن تغري |date=1971 |location=القاهرة |page=517 |publisher=الهيئة المصرية العامة للكتاب |title=النجوم الزاهرة في ملوك مصر والقاهرة |url=https://dn790006.ca.archive.org/0/items/FP159836/15_159843.pdf |volume=15}}</ref> The Grand Mosque has several foundational stones that reveal its history of demolition and restoration, dating back to the ninth century Hijri and continuing until the mid-century. Noteworthy are its intricate engravings and decorated stones, particularly those adorning its minaret.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=P2LtyFVNJmcC&pg=PA35 35] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224170851/https://books.google.com/books?id=P2LtyFVNJmcC&pg=PA35|date=2016-12-24}}</ref>

Another landmark in this neighborhood is the "[[Mahkamah Mosque]]," which housed a school of significant importance, as indicated by an inscription above its north-closed door.

The neighborhood is also home to various mosques, including the "Al-Hawashi Mosque," the "Lady Ruqayya Mosque," the "[[Ibn Marwan Mosque|Ali bin Marwan Mosque]]" along the Salah al-Din line, the "Sheikh Musafir Mosque," the "Reform Mosque," the "Tariq ibn Ziyad Mosque," the "Qazmari Mosque," the "Daraqutni Mosque," the "Zu al-Nurayn Mosque," and the "Sayyid Ali Mosque." Adjacent to the Grand Mosque was the Shuja'iya Bath, which has since disappeared.

To the east of this neighborhood is the "Tunisian Cemetery" or the "Tiflisi Cemetery." Additionally, one of the graves in the neighborhood's cemeteries is said to belong to the famous [[Samson]] the Mighty.<ref>{{cite web |archive-date=31 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831111956/https://www.enciclopedia.cat/EC-GEC-0058461.xml |publisher=enciclopedia.cat |title=معلومات عن شمشون على موقع enciclopedia.cat |url=https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0058461.xml}}</ref>

==Notable people==
*[[Baha Abu al-Ata]]
*[[Khalil al-Hayya]]
*[[Rushdi al-Shawa]]
*[[Ramadan Shalah]]
*[[Ahmed Jabari]]
*[[Umm Nidal]]
*[[Ziad Abu-Amr]]
*[[Refaat Alareer]]

==References==
{{reflist|25em}}

==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book |title=Islamic Fundamentalism in the West Bank and Gaza: Muslim Brotherhood and Islamic Jihad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jrTG5sdLHD8C |first=Z. |last=Abu 'Amr |author-link=Ziad Abu Amr |year=1994 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-20866-8}}
*{{cite book |last1=Cohen |first1=Amnon |last2=Lewis |first2=B. |author-link2=Bernard Lewis |title=Population and Revenue in the Towns of Palestine in the Sixteenth Century |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1978 |isbn=0-691-09375-X}}
*{{cite book |title=Gaza: à la croisée des civilisations: contexte archéologique et historique |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mET5E-z-nLoC&dq=Shuja+Din+Kurdi&pg=PT152 |first1=Marc-André |last1=Haldimann |first2=J.-B. |last2=Humbert |author-link2=Jean-Baptiste Humbert |year=2007 |publisher=CHAMAN Edition |isbn=978-2-9700435-5-3}}
*{{cite book |title=Israel and the Palestinian territories |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JXoY2vCZ5AEC&dq=Omar+Mukhtar+Street+Gaza&pg=RA5-PA453 |first1=Daniel |last1=Jacobs |year=1998 |publisher=Rough Guides |isbn=978-1-85828-248-0}}
*{{cite book |title=History of the city of Gaza: from the earliest times to the present day |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofcityofg00meyeuoft |first1=Martin Abraham |last1=Meyer |year=1907 |author-link=Martin A. Meyer |publisher=Columbia University Press}}
*{{cite book |title=Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae, G |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P2LtyFVNJmcC |first=M. |last=Sharon |author-link=Moshe Sharon |year=2009 |volume=4 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-17085-8}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
*Survey of Western Palestine, Map 19: [http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8381 IAA], [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.19.jpg Wikimedia commons]
{{Gaza City}}

[[Category:13th-century establishments in Asia]]
[[Category:Neighborhoods of Gaza City]]
[[Category:Shuja'iyya| ]]

Shuja'iyya - Revision history

imported>Richard Nevell: +caption