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{{short description|Argentines of Russian birth or descent}}
{{Use American English|date = February 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date = January 2019}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=February 2015}}
{{more citations needed|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| flag = {{flagicon|Argentina}} {{flagicon|Russia}}
| group = Russian Argentines
| native_name = {{native name|ru|Pусские аргентинцы}} {{native name|es|Ruso-argentinos}}
| image =
| population = '''Unknown''' (by birth) '''+ 400,000''' (by ancestry)<ref>{{cite news |access-date=12 February 2021 |date=3 December 2019 |periodical=La Nación (Argentina) |title=¿Por qué hay tantos rusos en la Argentina y tan pocos argentinos en Rusia? |url=https://www.lanacion.com.ar/sociedad/por-que-hay-tantos-rusos-argentina-tan-nid2248366}}</ref> 0.8% of Argentina's population {{Synthesis inline|date=August 2016}}
| popplace = Predominantly in the [[Pampas]] and in [[Misiones province|Misiones]]
| languages = [[Spanish language|Spanish]]{{·}}[[Russian language|Russian]]
| religions = Majority: [[Roman Catholicism]]{{·}}[[Eastern Orthodoxy]] Minority: [[Judaism]]{{·}}[[Irreligion]]
| related = [[Russians]]{{·}}[[Russian Brazilians]]{{·}}[[Russian Uruguayans]]{{·}}[[Russian Americans]]
| native_name_lang =
}}
'''Russian Argentines''' are people from [[Russia]] living in [[Argentina]], and their [[Argentine]]-born descendants. The estimates of the number of Argentines of Russian descent vary between 370,000<ref name="ArgentinaExcepción">{{cite web|url=http://www.argentina-excepcion.com/es/guia-viaje/nacionalidades/rusos-alemanes-polacos-judios|title=Rusos, alemanes, polacos y judíos : la imprecisión de las identidades|trans-title=Russians, Germans, Poles and Jews: the accuracy of identities|language=es|publisher=Argentina Excepción, Exceptional Tours and Hotels|access-date=4 August 2016}}</ref>{{Synthesis inline|date=August 2016}} and 400,000.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Himitian |first1=Evangelina |title=¿Por qué hay tantos rusos en la Argentina y tan pocos argentinos en Rusia? |url=https://www.lanacion.com.ar/sociedad/por-que-hay-tantos-rusos-argentina-tan-nid2248366 |work=[[La Nacion]] |date=16 May 2019 |language=es}}</ref> They are mostly living in [[Buenos Aires]] and [[Greater Buenos Aires]].

Most Russian immigrants arrived in Argentina between 1880 and 1921, while a smaller number arrived in the 1990s. Russian movement into Argentina can be divided into five waves of immigration, the last three consisting of actual ethnic Russians, while the first one consists of immigrants categorized as "Russian" due to their origin in the [[Russian Empire]] even though a substantial number were not in fact ethnic Russians (but included substantial numbers of [[Volga Germans]] and [[Russian Jews|Jews]]).<ref name=doroga>{{cite web |url=http://www.dorogadomoj.com/dr045bel.html |script-title=ru:Русская белая эмиграция, И.Н.Андрушкевич. Буэнос-Айрес, 2004 г. |author=www.dorogadomoj.com |language=ru}}</ref>

Since the beginning of the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]] in 2022, thousands of Russians migrated to Argentina. Up to 23,000 Russian citizens were granted extended visa rights to stay in Argentina between 2022 and 2023.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.vozdeamerica.com/a/miles-de-rusos-han-emigrado-a-argentina-desde-el-comienzo-de-la-guerra-/7039749.html|work=[[Voz de América]]|title=Miles de rusos han emigrado a Argentina desde el comienzo de la guerra|last=Bañez Villar|first=Gonzalo|date=8 April 2023|access-date=14 January 2025|language=es}}</ref> Many of these immigrants did not stay long in Argentina, as they were attracted primarily by lax migration and citizenship laws and the ease of attaining an Argentinian passport. The remaining bulk of Russian immigrants have since settled in the [[Greater Buenos Aires]] area.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.lanacion.com.ar/sociedad/boom-migratorio-los-rusos-en-la-argentina-son-menos-pero-los-que-se-quedaron-ya-eligieron-sus-nuevos-nid14112024/#/|work=[[La Nación]]|title=Los rusos en la Argentina son menos, pero los que se quedaron ya eligieron sus nuevos barrios predilectos|last=Gil Moreira|first=Josefina|date=14 November 2024|access-date=14 January 2025|language=es}}</ref>

== Immigration history ==
[[File:Niños_ruso-argentinos_ca.1945.jpg|thumb|left|Russian Argentine children with their Russian language and dance teacher in [[Comodoro Rivadavia]], [[Chubut province|Chubut]], around 1945.]]
During the late 19th century and early 20th century, a variety of groups from the [[Russian Empire]] emigrated to Argentina. From 1901 to 1920, Russia was the third most common country of origin for immigrants in Argentina. By ethnicity, the immigrants primarily consisted of [[History of the Jews in Russia|Jews]] and [[Volga Germans]], but also included Poles, Finns, and Ukrainians.<ref>{{harvnb|Ehrenhaus|2012|p=4}}</ref> By 1910, Argentina's population included 45,000 Germans. In the last 80 years, many of the immigrants to Argentina have been Slavs: [[Bulgaria]]ns, [[Serbia]]ns, and [[Montenegro|Montenegrins]], often looking for the patronage of Orthodox Russia in a Catholic country. [[Russian-Argentine relations|Diplomatic relations]] were established between Russia and Argentina in 1885.

Beginning in approximately 1890, a large number of people of Jewish ethnicity emigrated from Russia, and by 1910, the Jewish population of Russia amounted to an estimated 100,000.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}}

[[File:Inmigrantes rusos en Argentina (1914).svg|thumb|Percentage of people registered as Russian in the 1914 Argentine census.]]
Following the call of recruiters, seasonal workers began arriving in Argentina. These were mostly peasants from the western provinces of Russia. One of the prominent Russian representatives of this period was an extraordinary ambassador to the Argentine Republic [[Alexander S. Ionin|S. Alexander]], son of Jonas, who served as ambassador to [[Brazil]], and before that as former [[Resident Minister|Minister Resident]] [[Montenegro]].{{citation needed|date=March 2023}} Passing along the east coast of South America, he published his work "In South America". His efforts helped root [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christians]] in Argentina. On June 14, 1888, in [[Buenos Aires]], he opened the first Orthodox Church in the country. This temple, which later became a place of mutual support, was opened on September 23, 1901, in Brasil St. with the assistance of the Via Superior Gavrilovic entitled Constantine (1865–1953) and is named after [[Holy Trinity Church (Buenos Aires)|Holy Trinity Cathedral]]. The temple was built using [[Trencher (machine)|trenchers]] to dig the foundation, inspired by the contemporaneous temple construction advancements of [[Tan Xu]] in China.{{cn|date=January 2025}}

[[File:Buenos Aires - San Telmo - Iglesia Ortodoxa Rusa - 20071215a.jpg|thumb|[[Cathedral of the Most Holy Trinity, Buenos Aires|Russian Orthodox Cathedral of the Most Holy Trinity]] located in the neighborhood of [[San Telmo, Buenos Aires]]. It was designed by Norwegian Argentine architect [[Alejandro Christophersen]].]]
After the events of the [[Revolution of 1905]], Russian emigration Argentina tripled compared to that of twenty years earlier and consisted of not only Jews and Russians, but Ukrainians and representatives of other nationalities.{{cn|date=January 2025}}

After the [[Russian Revolution]] and the start of the [[Russian Civil War]], some [[White émigré]]s also settled in Argentina.<ref>{{harvnb|Ehrenhaus|2012|p=66}}</ref> They travelled through [[Crimea]] and [[Istanbul]], as well as from the Balkans and western Europe.{{cn|date=January 2025}}

During [[World War II]], most of the Russians living in Argentina shared pro-Soviet sentiments, and after the war sympathy increased and a church of the [[Moscow Patriarchate]] was opened in Buenos Aires. There was also a new exodus of émigrés from Europe.{{cn|date=January 2025}}

Among them were ten priests of the [[Russian Orthodox Church]] and a few hundred soldiers: eight generals, a few dozen colonels, about twenty members of the [[Page Corps]], about forty Knights of St. George and more than twenty officers of the Imperial Russian Navy. About 250 [[Cadet Corps|cadets]] also emigrated.{{cn|date=January 2025}}

In the 1950s after the victory of [[Mao Zedong]]'s [[Communist Party of China|Communist]] forces over the [[Kuomintang]] forces of Generalissimo [[Chiang Kai-shek]] Russian [[Old Believers]], who were previously forced into exodus to China by the [[Russian Revolution]] of 1917 (see [[Russians in China]]), fled to [[Hong Kong]] where the [[UN]] provided support to them for migrating to different parts of the world, including Argentina. Since then about 20 families of «White Russians», as they are known locally, maintain their original "peasant" way of life, many of them living a subsistence economy, in [[Choele Choel]] in [[Río Negro Province]].<ref>[https://oldbelievers.wordpress.com/2013/01/17/russian-old-believers-in-choele-choel-argentina/ Russian Old Believers in Choele Choel, Argentina]</ref>

In 1969, Archbishop Leontius (Vasily Konstantinovich Filipovich) came to Buenos Aires.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}} He set about the task of overcoming the split between the Soviet and the monarchist-minded congregations. He died in 1971, and the split was overcome only in the 1990s.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}}
The last significant wave of emigration coincided with the [[Perestroika]] and included Russians who came in search of permanent work and residence in Argentina.

However, since the start of the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]] in 2022, in light of the international sanctions on Russian passports, various Russian couples and pregnant Russian women, started to [[birth tourism|emigrate]] to Argentina in hopes of acquiring [[Argentine passport]] to, rather continuing their journey to [[Europe]] or to permanently establish in Argentina with their children.<ref>{{cite web |title=Crackdown on 'birth tourism' as pregnant Russians flock to Argentina |date=2023-02-10 |website=[[The Guardian]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722121605/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/feb/10/argentina-pregnant-russians-birth-tourism-crackdown |archive-date=2023-07-22 |url-status=live |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/feb/10/argentina-pregnant-russians-birth-tourism-crackdown/}}</ref> As of July 2023, more than 18,500 Russians have come to Argentina after Russia invaded Ukraine. Argentina does not require a visa for Russians citizens to enter the country as tourists and it also allows the parents of children born on Argentinian soil to receive residency, and, later, a passport. This opportunity led to that about 10,500 pregnant Russians traveled to Argentina to give birth in 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=Undertones: Inside Russian influencer chats in Argentina |url=https://globalvoices.org/2023/07/20/undertones-inside-russian-influencer-chats-in-argentina/ |website=Global Voices |language=en |date=20 July 2023}}</ref>

The current ruling [[bishop]] of the [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia]] in the Argentine and South American dioceses is Bishop John of Caracas (Peter Berzin before monasticism).<ref>{{cite web |title=The Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia - Official Website |url=https://www.synod.com/synod/engdocuments/enart_bpjohncriticalcrisis.html |website=www.synod.com}}</ref> The previous was Archbishop Platon (Vladimir Udovenko).<ref>{{cite web |title=Platon Vladimir Udovenko - Names - Orthodoxia |url=https://orthodoxia.ch/en/name/1082/show |website=orthodoxia.ch}}</ref>

==Notable people==
*[[Eugenio Bulygin]], philosopher, legal scholar
*[[Stepan Erzia]], sculptor
*[[Nicolás Gorobsov]], footballer
*[[Vasily Kharlamov]], politician
*[[Jorge Remes Lenicov]], finance minister
*[[Coti Sorokin]], singer-songwriter

==See also==
{{Portal|Argentina|Russia}}
* [[Russians]]
* [[Russian diaspora]]
* [[Argentina–Russia relations]]
* [[Immigration to Argentina]]
* [[Cathedral of the Most Holy Trinity, Buenos Aires]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
*{{citation|url=http://www.museoroca.gov.ar/articulosytrabajos/inmigracionhistoriaarte/inmigracionrusa.pdf| first=Sofía|last=Ehrenhaus|title=Inmigración rusa en la Argentina|publisher=Historia Visual, Museo Roca|location=Buenos Aires|year=2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327185558/http://www.museoroca.gov.ar/articulosytrabajos/inmigracionhistoriaarte/inmigracionrusa.pdf|archive-date=27 March 2012}}

==Further reading==
*{{citation|url=http://www.ub.edu/geocrit/sn-94-23.htm|first=Fabián|last=Claudio Flores|title=Cadenas migratorias, redes sociales y espacios religiosos: el caso de la Colonia Ruso-Alemana a la Villa Adventista|trans-title=Migratory chains, social networks, and religious spaces: the case of the Russo-German colony of Adventista village|journal=Scripta Nova. Revista Electrónica de Geografía y Ciencias Sociales.|volume=94|issue=23|date=2001-08-01|access-date=2014-01-04}}
*{{citation|first=Pablo|last=Adrián O'Dwyer|title=Tierra prometida: la colonización judía en el Alto Valle del Río Negro — la colonia rusa|publisher=Ediciones de la Universidad Nacional del Comahue|year=2006|oclc=836991066}}

{{European Argentine}}
{{Immigration to Argentina}}
{{Russian diaspora}}

[[Category:European diaspora in Argentina]]
[[Category:Russian diaspora by country|Argentina]]
[[Category:Argentine people of Russian descent| ]]
[[Category:Russian diaspora in South America]]

Russian Argentines - Revision history

imported>Citation bot: Altered title. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Abductive | Category:Articles lacking in-text citations from February 2015 | #UCB_Category 420/522